Maira Shakeel, Muhammad Shafiq, Syed Agha Armaghan Asad Abbas, Muhammad Haseeb, Numan Ali, Aqdas Batool, Muhammad Rizwan Tariq, Muhammad Saleem Haider
DNA binding with one-finger (Dof) protein belongs to the plant-specific transcription factors (PSTFs) gene family. These transcription factors have a variety of roles in many biological processes in plants. However, there is limited research on their role in Cashew. A total of 67 Dof genes were found in the cashew genome and were classified into 11 subgroups (A, B1, B2, C1, C2, D, E1, E2, F1, F2, and F3) by comparing them with Dof genes from Arabidopsis and lettuce. Cashew Dof genes were present in 9 of these subgroups, except for A and F1. This article provides a detailed discussion of the gene structures, chromosome positions, phylogeny, subcellular localization, cis-regulatory analysis, protein motifs, and evolutionary patterns of Dof genes in cashew. The only type of duplication found in cashew was segmental duplication, which mainly contributes to the large Dof gene family. The analysis of cis-regulatory elements (CREs) revealed the presence of light, ethylene, seed, circadian, meristem, and auxin-sensitive elements, which are particularly sensitive to these factors. The article also includes a comparative analysis of the evolutionary or phylogenetic relationships between Dof genes from lettuce, cashew, and Arabidopsis. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the Dof gene family in cashew and can serve as a guide for functional analysis and cloning of its gene family members.
单指结合蛋白(one-finger protein, Dof)属于植物特异性转录因子(plant specific transcription factors, PSTFs)基因家族。这些转录因子在植物的许多生物过程中具有多种作用。然而，关于它们在腰果中的作用的研究有限。在腰果基因组中共发现67个Dof基因，并与拟南芥和莴苣的Dof基因进行比较，将其划分为A、B1、B2、C1、C2、D、E1、E2、F1、F2和F3 11个亚群。除A亚群和F1亚群外，其余9个亚群中均存在腰果多夫基因。本文详细讨论了腰果Dof基因的基因结构、染色体位置、系统发育、亚细胞定位、顺式调控分析、蛋白质基序和进化模式。在腰果中发现的唯一重复类型是片段重复，这主要是Dof基因大家族的原因。顺式调控元件(CREs)分析表明，其中存在光、乙烯、种子、昼夜节律、分生组织和生长素敏感元件，对这些因子特别敏感。本文还比较分析了莴苣、腰果和拟南芥中Dof基因的进化或系统发育关系。该研究为全面了解腰果Dof基因家族提供了依据，可为其基因家族成员的功能分析和克隆提供指导。
{"title":"GENOME-WIDE IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PLANT-SPECIFIC DOF TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR GENE FAMILY IN CASHEW (ANACARDIUM OCCIDENTALE)","authors":"Maira Shakeel, Muhammad Shafiq, Syed Agha Armaghan Asad Abbas, Muhammad Haseeb, Numan Ali, Aqdas Batool, Muhammad Rizwan Tariq, Muhammad Saleem Haider","doi":"10.56520/asj.v5i1.237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56520/asj.v5i1.237","url":null,"abstract":"DNA binding with one-finger (Dof) protein belongs to the plant-specific transcription factors (PSTFs) gene family. These transcription factors have a variety of roles in many biological processes in plants. However, there is limited research on their role in Cashew. A total of 67 Dof genes were found in the cashew genome and were classified into 11 subgroups (A, B1, B2, C1, C2, D, E1, E2, F1, F2, and F3) by comparing them with Dof genes from Arabidopsis and lettuce. Cashew Dof genes were present in 9 of these subgroups, except for A and F1. This article provides a detailed discussion of the gene structures, chromosome positions, phylogeny, subcellular localization, cis-regulatory analysis, protein motifs, and evolutionary patterns of Dof genes in cashew. The only type of duplication found in cashew was segmental duplication, which mainly contributes to the large Dof gene family. The analysis of cis-regulatory elements (CREs) revealed the presence of light, ethylene, seed, circadian, meristem, and auxin-sensitive elements, which are particularly sensitive to these factors. The article also includes a comparative analysis of the evolutionary or phylogenetic relationships between Dof genes from lettuce, cashew, and Arabidopsis. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the Dof gene family in cashew and can serve as a guide for functional analysis and cloning of its gene family members.","PeriodicalId":11234,"journal":{"name":"Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal","volume":"766 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86814007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qamar Shakil, Javed Iqbal, Naeem Khalid, Muhammad Umer Farooq, Khalid Hussain, Abid Mehmood, Muhammad Aslam, Muhammad Nawaz Khan, Amna Kanwal
One of the breeding objectives of the time is the development/screening of resilient germplasm, which could satisfy hunger demand. The animal feed and food are the prime concern of time and the existing Pakistan germplasm needs to be updated for green fodder yield and quality traits. Hence, present study aimed to develop agronomic itinerary of the available breeding line and screen out best suited candidate lines. ‘Faisalabad Sorghum’ first-ever locally developed public sector multicut variety with higher proficiency than first public sorghum sudangrass hybrid (Pak Sudex). This novel variety is a result of hybridization between Australian No. 7 and Sudan Grass followed by back cross breeding method. Faisalabad Sorghum out yielded (Av 133.30t/ha) in station (2016 and 2017), zonal (2018) and national uniform fodder yield trials (2019 and 2020) when compared with check variety. The palatability of Faisalabad Sorghum was more than 80%, with reduced enteric CH4 and CO2 emissions by 14% in cattles. The adaptive features of this line are high yielder, resistant to specific pests (borer, shoot fly) and diseases (leaf spot and long smut) that were evaluated, highly nutritious with lower production cost. This line has remarkable energy to minimize the supply and demand gap among summer fodder varieties. The by-products of it could be utilized as an alternative energy sources. Owing to such extraordinary attributes the new line AK-113 proposed as Faisalabad Sorghum was released for general adaptation among farmers during 2021
{"title":"FAISALABAD SORGHUM; MULTICUT, HIGH YIELDING AND NUTRITIOUS LINE TO OVERCOME FODDER SCARCITY IN PAKISTAN","authors":"Qamar Shakil, Javed Iqbal, Naeem Khalid, Muhammad Umer Farooq, Khalid Hussain, Abid Mehmood, Muhammad Aslam, Muhammad Nawaz Khan, Amna Kanwal","doi":"10.56520/asj.v5i1.255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56520/asj.v5i1.255","url":null,"abstract":"One of the breeding objectives of the time is the development/screening of resilient germplasm, which could satisfy hunger demand. The animal feed and food are the prime concern of time and the existing Pakistan germplasm needs to be updated for green fodder yield and quality traits. Hence, present study aimed to develop agronomic itinerary of the available breeding line and screen out best suited candidate lines. ‘Faisalabad Sorghum’ first-ever locally developed public sector multicut variety with higher proficiency than first public sorghum sudangrass hybrid (Pak Sudex). This novel variety is a result of hybridization between Australian No. 7 and Sudan Grass followed by back cross breeding method. Faisalabad Sorghum out yielded (Av 133.30t/ha) in station (2016 and 2017), zonal (2018) and national uniform fodder yield trials (2019 and 2020) when compared with check variety. The palatability of Faisalabad Sorghum was more than 80%, with reduced enteric CH4 and CO2 emissions by 14% in cattles. The adaptive features of this line are high yielder, resistant to specific pests (borer, shoot fly) and diseases (leaf spot and long smut) that were evaluated, highly nutritious with lower production cost. This line has remarkable energy to minimize the supply and demand gap among summer fodder varieties. The by-products of it could be utilized as an alternative energy sources. Owing to such extraordinary attributes the new line AK-113 proposed as Faisalabad Sorghum was released for general adaptation among farmers during 2021","PeriodicalId":11234,"journal":{"name":"Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal","volume":"129 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74990464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The economic rotation of two different tree species was calculated during 2020 in two different tehsils (sub-districts) namely Gujranwala and Khushab which are located in Punjab province of Pakistan. Vachellia is a common tree grown on the farmlands of Gujranwala while Eucalyptus is a common tree growing on the farmlands of Khushab. So that these two tree species were selected from two different tehsils of Punjab. Vachellia is grown at a rotation of 10 to 20 years while Eucalyptus is grown on 5 to 12 years rotation. For the evaluation of economic rotation of both tree species, net present worth and benefit cost ratio was calculated. 300 trees of both tree species were randomly selected from their respective tehsils. Different rotations of Eucalyptus were tested viz., 12 years rotation, 6 + 6 = 12 years, 8 + 4= 12 years and 4 + 8 = 12 years, while the total span (12 years) was kept same in all rotations. The total span was kept at 12 years because this tree is grown at a maximum rotation of 12 years on the farmlands. Similarly, different rotations were tested in case of Vachellianilotica viz., 10 years, 5 + 5 = 10 years and 6 + 4 = 10 years with the same total span of 10 years. In case of Eucalyptus, net present worth was found to be Rs. 4035.525, 4506.45, 4310.375 and 4379.175 at a rotation of 12, 6+6 = 12, 8+4=12 and 4+8 = 12 years, respectively. However, best rotation was found to be 6 + 6 = 12 years with highest net present worth. Similarly in case of Vachellia, net present worth was found to be Rs. 4844.532, 5155 and 5675.322 at a rotation of 10 years, 5 + 5 = 10 years and 6 + 4 = 10 years, respectively. rotation of 6 + 4 = 10 years was found to be best. It is recommended that farmers of Khushab should grow Eucalyptus trees at a rotation of 6 + 6 = 12 years. The farmers of Gujranwala are recommended to raise Vachellia trees on a rotation of six years followed by another short rotation of 4 years for more financial benefits.
{"title":"ECONOMIC ROTATION OF VACHELLIA NILOTICA (KIKAR) AND EUCALYPTUS CAMALDULENSIS (SUFEIDA) IN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN","authors":"Khayyam Anjum, Shahid Hafeez, Junaid Naseer, Hafiz Masood Ahmad, Talha Faridi, Muhammad Ayyoub Tanvir","doi":"10.56520/asj.v5i1.252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56520/asj.v5i1.252","url":null,"abstract":"The economic rotation of two different tree species was calculated during 2020 in two different tehsils (sub-districts) namely Gujranwala and Khushab which are located in Punjab province of Pakistan. Vachellia is a common tree grown on the farmlands of Gujranwala while Eucalyptus is a common tree growing on the farmlands of Khushab. So that these two tree species were selected from two different tehsils of Punjab. Vachellia is grown at a rotation of 10 to 20 years while Eucalyptus is grown on 5 to 12 years rotation. For the evaluation of economic rotation of both tree species, net present worth and benefit cost ratio was calculated. 300 trees of both tree species were randomly selected from their respective tehsils. Different rotations of Eucalyptus were tested viz., 12 years rotation, 6 + 6 = 12 years, 8 + 4= 12 years and 4 + 8 = 12 years, while the total span (12 years) was kept same in all rotations. The total span was kept at 12 years because this tree is grown at a maximum rotation of 12 years on the farmlands. Similarly, different rotations were tested in case of Vachellianilotica viz., 10 years, 5 + 5 = 10 years and 6 + 4 = 10 years with the same total span of 10 years. In case of Eucalyptus, net present worth was found to be Rs. 4035.525, 4506.45, 4310.375 and 4379.175 at a rotation of 12, 6+6 = 12, 8+4=12 and 4+8 = 12 years, respectively. However, best rotation was found to be 6 + 6 = 12 years with highest net present worth. Similarly in case of Vachellia, net present worth was found to be Rs. 4844.532, 5155 and 5675.322 at a rotation of 10 years, 5 + 5 = 10 years and 6 + 4 = 10 years, respectively. rotation of 6 + 4 = 10 years was found to be best. It is recommended that farmers of Khushab should grow Eucalyptus trees at a rotation of 6 + 6 = 12 years. The farmers of Gujranwala are recommended to raise Vachellia trees on a rotation of six years followed by another short rotation of 4 years for more financial benefits.","PeriodicalId":11234,"journal":{"name":"Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal","volume":"199 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80045204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The distribution and diversity of turtles now reflect the lengthy and complex evolution of the taxonomy, which represents an old group of tetrapod vertebrates in terms of evolutionary history. Freshwater turtles represent the majority of the 365 species, and they mostly live in tropical and subtropical regions. Emydidae diversity hotspots can be found in Southeast North America, as can Geoemydidae and Trionychidae in the Indo-Malayan area. While Pelomedusidae are mostly found in Africa, Chelidae are primarily found in the Neotropics and Australia. Most species of the genus are endemic to a particular region or even to a single location. The majority of freshwater turtles suffer varied degrees of threat, mostly from habitat changes and collection. With the use of morphological and molecular data, the majority of phylogenetic trees for different turtle species have been generated using DNA techniques and procedures. The complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), dehydrogenase subunit 4 (ND4), cytochrome b (Cyt b), carapacial ridge (CR), and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (CO I) genes of freshwater turtles were sequenced by using universal PCR and long-PCR methods. Along with CR sequences of freshwater turtles, the composition and structure of the control region of diverse species were compared and analysed. Functional domains in the regulatory area, as well as their conserved sequences, were determined based on sequence similarities to other turtles. The mitochondrial regulatory regions and flanking sequences of diverse freshwater turtle species were recovered using Long-PCR and gene-specific primers. To clarify the genetic links between the fresh water turtle species that share the same habitat type, a tree was created based on Cytochrome b sequencing data and the PCR- Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) pattern. Keywords: Complex evolution, Phylogenetics, Phylogenomics, Tetrapod vertebrates
{"title":"Molecular Ecology of Freshwater Turtles and Future directions","authors":"Iqra Mushtaq","doi":"10.56520/asj.v4i2.200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56520/asj.v4i2.200","url":null,"abstract":"The distribution and diversity of turtles now reflect the lengthy and complex evolution of the taxonomy, which represents an old group of tetrapod vertebrates in terms of evolutionary history. Freshwater turtles represent the majority of the 365 species, and they mostly live in tropical and subtropical regions. Emydidae diversity hotspots can be found in Southeast North America, as can Geoemydidae and Trionychidae in the Indo-Malayan area. While Pelomedusidae are mostly found in Africa, Chelidae are primarily found in the Neotropics and Australia. Most species of the genus are endemic to a particular region or even to a single location. The majority of freshwater turtles suffer varied degrees of threat, mostly from habitat changes and collection. With the use of morphological and molecular data, the majority of phylogenetic trees for different turtle species have been generated using DNA techniques and procedures. The complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), dehydrogenase subunit 4 (ND4), cytochrome b (Cyt b), carapacial ridge (CR), and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (CO I) genes of freshwater turtles were sequenced by using universal PCR and long-PCR methods. Along with CR sequences of freshwater turtles, the composition and structure of the control region of diverse species were compared and analysed. Functional domains in the regulatory area, as well as their conserved sequences, were determined based on sequence similarities to other turtles. The mitochondrial regulatory regions and flanking sequences of diverse freshwater turtle species were recovered using Long-PCR and gene-specific primers. To clarify the genetic links between the fresh water turtle species that share the same habitat type, a tree was created based on Cytochrome b sequencing data and the PCR- Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) pattern.\u0000Keywords: Complex evolution, Phylogenetics, Phylogenomics, Tetrapod vertebrates","PeriodicalId":11234,"journal":{"name":"Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84835444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Akhter, Waqas Bin Nisar, Muhammad Taqqi Abbas, Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan, M. Khurshid, Tehmina Anjum, Aqib Saeed
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important staple food crop of Pakistan as well as in the whole world. A number of phyto-pathogens including bacteria, fungi, nematodes and viruses along with abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, nutrient deficiency and etc. have a detrimental effect on rice yield. In order to overcome the attack of pathogenic microbes, use of endophytes as bio-control agent is an attractive way to minimize the use of toxic agrochemicals. In this study, we screened seven strains of bacterial endophytes from the rhizosphere of rice plants. A colony PCR was performed using universal primers to characterize the isolated bacterial endophytes followed by sequence analysis. On the basis of molecular characterization, endophytes were identified as Pantoea sp., Burkholderiasp Bacillus megaterium, Pseudomonas flourescens, Lysinibacillus fusiformis, Delftia sp., and Acinetobacter baumnii. Additionally, endophytes were assayed for In vitro effects against Fusarium moniliforme and Rhizoctonia solani causing bakanae and sheath blight disease of rice, respectively. Pantoea sp., Burkholderia sp., Bacillus megaterium and Delftiasp moderately suppressed Fusarium moniliforme but Pseudomonas flourescens, Lysinibacillus fusiformis both showcased a strong inhibiting activity against Fusarium moniliforme. On the other hand, Pantoea sp., Burkholderia sp., Bacillus megaterium, Pseudomonas flourescens and Lysinibacillus fusiformis had a strong inhibitory effect against Rhizoctonia solani. The isolated endophytic bacteria were also found to be good producers of phyto-hormones such as hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and catalase. On the basis of our results, we conclude that the endophytic bacteria from rice rhizosphere possess antifungal activity against economic important pathogenic fungi.
{"title":"CHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUATION OF ANTIFUNGAL POTENTIAL OF BACTERIAL ENDOPHYTES OF RICE AGAINST FUSARIUM MONILIFORME AND RHIZOCTONIA SOLANI","authors":"A. Akhter, Waqas Bin Nisar, Muhammad Taqqi Abbas, Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan, M. Khurshid, Tehmina Anjum, Aqib Saeed","doi":"10.56520/asj.v4i2.149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56520/asj.v4i2.149","url":null,"abstract":"Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important staple food crop of Pakistan as well as in the whole world. A number of phyto-pathogens including bacteria, fungi, nematodes and viruses along with abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, nutrient deficiency and etc. have a detrimental effect on rice yield. In order to overcome the attack of pathogenic microbes, use of endophytes as bio-control agent is an attractive way to minimize the use of toxic agrochemicals. In this study, we screened seven strains of bacterial endophytes from the rhizosphere of rice plants. A colony PCR was performed using universal primers to characterize the isolated bacterial endophytes followed by sequence analysis. On the basis of molecular characterization, endophytes were identified as Pantoea sp., Burkholderiasp Bacillus megaterium, Pseudomonas flourescens, Lysinibacillus fusiformis, Delftia sp., and Acinetobacter baumnii. Additionally, endophytes were assayed for In vitro effects against Fusarium moniliforme and Rhizoctonia solani causing bakanae and sheath blight disease of rice, respectively. Pantoea sp., Burkholderia sp., Bacillus megaterium and Delftiasp moderately suppressed Fusarium moniliforme but Pseudomonas flourescens, Lysinibacillus fusiformis both showcased a strong inhibiting activity against Fusarium moniliforme. On the other hand, Pantoea sp., Burkholderia sp., Bacillus megaterium, Pseudomonas flourescens and Lysinibacillus fusiformis had a strong inhibitory effect against Rhizoctonia solani. The isolated endophytic bacteria were also found to be good producers of phyto-hormones such as hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and catalase. On the basis of our results, we conclude that the endophytic bacteria from rice rhizosphere possess antifungal activity against economic important pathogenic fungi.","PeriodicalId":11234,"journal":{"name":"Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85706529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wheat is the staple food of Pakistan and country facing wheat shortage during recent years leading to food security issue. Rust diseases of wheat are significantly important causing major dent in wheat production during last season’s due to drastic climate change. Therefore, wheat germplasm was screened against wheat stripe rust during two consecutive years. Out of one hundred and five genotypes not even one showed immune response during 2018-19, 22 genotypes showed highly resistant response, 19 showed resistance response, 42 showed moderately resistance response and remaining genotypes showed susceptible response except five lines (CB-10, CB-65, CB-95, CB-84 and CB-31) that showed heterogeneous characters. Likewise, during 2019-20, 18 genotypes showed highly resistant response, 23 showed resistant response, 39 were moderately resistance and remaining genotypes showed susceptible response except four lines (CB-10, CB-65, CB-95 and CB-84) that showed heterogeneous response. For each year value of area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) of all genotypes was also calculated which falls between 100-850. Efficacy of four plant extracts (neem, garlic, ginger and bell pepper) using seed soaking method in controlling the stripe rust disease of wheat was investigated in pots experiment. During both years, minimum disease was observed in case of garlic bulb extract followed by neem leaves extract. Ginger bulb and Bell pepper fruit extract also had significant effect against wheat stripe rust. From the current study it could be suggested that using highly resistant germplasm advance lines may be developed that exhibit the resistant genes against stripe rust pathogen and it is observed that instead if using fungicides, use of botanicals not only reduced the human health hazard but also control the disease effectively.
{"title":"Evaluation of Triticum aestivum L. germplasm against Puccinia striiformis and its management through botanicals","authors":"Binyamin Plant Pathology","doi":"10.56520/asj.v4i2.91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56520/asj.v4i2.91","url":null,"abstract":"Wheat is the staple food of Pakistan and country facing wheat shortage during recent years leading to food security issue. Rust diseases of wheat are significantly important causing major dent in wheat production during last season’s due to drastic climate change. Therefore, wheat germplasm was screened against wheat stripe rust during two consecutive years. Out of one hundred and five genotypes not even one showed immune response during 2018-19, 22 genotypes showed highly resistant response, 19 showed resistance response, 42 showed moderately resistance response and remaining genotypes showed susceptible response except five lines (CB-10, CB-65, CB-95, CB-84 and CB-31) that showed heterogeneous characters. Likewise, during 2019-20, 18 genotypes showed highly resistant response, 23 showed resistant response, 39 were moderately resistance and remaining genotypes showed susceptible response except four lines (CB-10, CB-65, CB-95 and CB-84) that showed heterogeneous response. For each year value of area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) of all genotypes was also calculated which falls between 100-850. Efficacy of four plant extracts (neem, garlic, ginger and bell pepper) using seed soaking method in controlling the stripe rust disease of wheat was investigated in pots experiment. During both years, minimum disease was observed in case of garlic bulb extract followed by neem leaves extract. Ginger bulb and Bell pepper fruit extract also had significant effect against wheat stripe rust. From the current study it could be suggested that using highly resistant germplasm advance lines may be developed that exhibit the resistant genes against stripe rust pathogen and it is observed that instead if using fungicides, use of botanicals not only reduced the human health hazard but also control the disease effectively. ","PeriodicalId":11234,"journal":{"name":"Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91163328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Irshad, A. Ahsan, Munib Hussain, Muhammad Usman Zaheer, U. Farooq, A. Latif, Agha Asadullah, Riasat Wasee Ullah, Nazeer Hussain Kalhoro, S. M. Hassan Andrabi, M. Akram
The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological findings of Lumpy skin disease (LSD) outbreak in Cattle Colony Karachi. In total nine LSD affected farms were visited. Blood (n=7), skin scabs (n=2) and nasal swabs (n=6) were collected from LSD suspected cattle and data was obtained on pre-designed proforma. The samples were analysed for LSD using PCR. The most commonly observed clinical signs were nodules on the skin, fever, lachrymation, nasal discharge and reduction in milk production. The clinical signs of LSD were only observed in cattle in affected farms. The overall morbidity and mortality rates were 15.3% and 6.8% respectively. Of 15 samples collected from suspected LSD cases two (13.3%) were found positive for LSD using PCR. This is the first study describing epidemiological features of LSD outbreak in Cattle Colony Karachi, Pakistan. This study provides baseline information for further epidemiological studies and establishment of LSD control strategy in Pakistan.
{"title":"Epidemiological findings of Lumpy skin disease outbreak investigations carried out in Cattle Colony Karachi, Pakistan","authors":"H. Irshad, A. Ahsan, Munib Hussain, Muhammad Usman Zaheer, U. Farooq, A. Latif, Agha Asadullah, Riasat Wasee Ullah, Nazeer Hussain Kalhoro, S. M. Hassan Andrabi, M. Akram","doi":"10.56520/asj.v4i2.152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56520/asj.v4i2.152","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological findings of Lumpy skin disease (LSD) outbreak in Cattle Colony Karachi. In total nine LSD affected farms were visited. Blood (n=7), skin scabs (n=2) and nasal swabs (n=6) were collected from LSD suspected cattle and data was obtained on pre-designed proforma. The samples were analysed for LSD using PCR. The most commonly observed clinical signs were nodules on the skin, fever, lachrymation, nasal discharge and reduction in milk production. The clinical signs of LSD were only observed in cattle in affected farms. The overall morbidity and mortality rates were 15.3% and 6.8% respectively. Of 15 samples collected from suspected LSD cases two (13.3%) were found positive for LSD using PCR. This is the first study describing epidemiological features of LSD outbreak in Cattle Colony Karachi, Pakistan. This study provides baseline information for further epidemiological studies and establishment of LSD control strategy in Pakistan.","PeriodicalId":11234,"journal":{"name":"Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84687867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Okra is a vegetable crop belonging to Malvaceae family which is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions around the globe. Many insect pests cause losses in the yield of okra crop, however; the leaf hopper (Amrasca specie) is considered as the most damaging sucking insect pest of okra crop. Jassid can reduce yield up to 50% leading to significant economic losses. A field experiment was conducted at the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab Lahore during rabi season 2021-2022. This study was carried to figure out the insecticidal properties of five different plants extracts viz., Botanicals used in the form of extracts, that includes Garlic (Allium sativum L.), Parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus L.), Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), Red chilli (capsicum annum L.), and Red chilli + Garlic (capsicum annum + Allium sativum).. The experiment was laid out following RCBD having three replications of each treatment. Each treatment was used at 20% v/v concentration. The data was recorded on the per leaf infestation of jassids after 24, 48, 72, 168, 240 hours of exposure period. Among the trialed botanical extracts, the extracts of Garlic + red chilli extract were found the most effective against leaf hopper while red chilli was found least effective. Among the tested plant products, the extracts of Garlic and Garlic + red chilli extract were found most effective against plant hopper at seven days after treatment and resulted into minimum per leaf population of the tested insect. It is recommended that the extracts of Garlic + red chilli should be used as an effective control measure against the leaf hopper
秋葵是一种蔬菜作物，属于锦葵科，在全球热带和亚热带地区广泛种植。然而，许多害虫对秋葵作物的产量造成损失;叶跳虫是秋葵作物中危害最大的吸吮害虫。茉莉可使产量降低50%，造成重大经济损失。在2021-2022年拉比季节期间，在旁遮普省拉合尔大学农业科学学院进行了一项田间试验。本文研究了以植物提取物形式使用的大蒜(Allium sativum L.)、Parthenium hysterophorus L.)、姜黄(Curcuma longa L.)、红辣椒(capsicum annum L.)和红辣椒+大蒜(capsicum annum + Allium sativum)五种不同植物提取物的杀虫性能。实验是在RCBD之后进行的，每种处理有三个重复。每次处理的浓度为20% v/v。记录了茉莉暴露24、48、72、168、240 h后的单叶侵染情况。试验植物提取物中，大蒜+红辣椒提取物对叶跳虫的防治效果最好，红辣椒提取物的防治效果最差。在试验植物产品中，大蒜提取物和大蒜+红辣椒提取物在处理后7天对飞虱的防治效果最好，且对被试昆虫的单叶种群数量最小。建议采用大蒜+红辣椒提取物作为防治斗叶虫的有效措施
{"title":"EFFICACY OF BOTANICAL PLANT EXTRACTS AGAINST LEAF HOPPER (Amrasca spp.) ON OKRA Abelmoschus esculentus CROP","authors":"Muhammad Amjad Ali","doi":"10.56520/asj.v4i2.172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56520/asj.v4i2.172","url":null,"abstract":"Okra is a vegetable crop belonging to Malvaceae family which is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions around the globe. Many insect pests cause losses in the yield of okra crop, however; the leaf hopper (Amrasca specie) is considered as the most damaging sucking insect pest of okra crop. Jassid can reduce yield up to 50% leading to significant economic losses. A field experiment was conducted at the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab Lahore during rabi season 2021-2022. This study was carried to figure out the insecticidal properties of five different plants extracts viz., Botanicals used in the form of extracts, that includes Garlic (Allium sativum L.), Parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus L.), Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), Red chilli (capsicum annum L.), and Red chilli + Garlic (capsicum annum + Allium sativum).. The experiment was laid out following RCBD having three replications of each treatment. Each treatment was used at 20% v/v concentration. The data was recorded on the per leaf infestation of jassids after 24, 48, 72, 168, 240 hours of exposure period. Among the trialed botanical extracts, the extracts of Garlic + red chilli extract were found the most effective against leaf hopper while red chilli was found least effective. Among the tested plant products, the extracts of Garlic and Garlic + red chilli extract were found most effective against plant hopper at seven days after treatment and resulted into minimum per leaf population of the tested insect. It is recommended that the extracts of Garlic + red chilli should be used as an effective control measure against the leaf hopper","PeriodicalId":11234,"journal":{"name":"Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79720400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tomato is an imperative fruit/vegetable crop and a treasure trove of active natural metabolites. It is cultivated across the globe but both biotic and abiotic factors have been implicated in decreasing its production. Among all the constraints faced by tomato crop in Pakistan, bacterial canker of tomato caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm is one of the most ravaging biotic stss to tomato crop. Present study was designed to evaluate antibacterial potential of different chemicals (Cabrio Top, Oxyrich, Kocide, Electus super, and Forum top) against Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis under vitro and vivo conditions at three different concentrations. In vitro condition, efficacy of these chemicals was determined at (250ppm, 500ppm,750pp) concentrations out of which Electus super showed maximum inhibition zone at 750ppm concentration. In field condition, kocide and electus super were applied separately and in combination and in combination significant result was expressed with minimum disease incidence. The current investigations pave the way for fruitful disease management through certain chemicals because of their easy availability, fast action and cost effectiveness.
{"title":"DETERMINATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL POTENCY OF DIFFERENT CHEMICALS TOWARDS BACTERIAL CANKER OF TOMATO CAUSED BY CLAVIBACTER MICHIGANENSIS SUBSP. MICHIGANENSIS.","authors":"M. Atiq","doi":"10.56520/asj.v4i2.186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56520/asj.v4i2.186","url":null,"abstract":"Tomato is an imperative fruit/vegetable crop and a treasure trove of active natural metabolites. It is cultivated across the globe but both biotic and abiotic factors have been implicated in decreasing its production. Among all the constraints faced by tomato crop in Pakistan, bacterial canker of tomato caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm is one of the most ravaging biotic stss to tomato crop. Present study was designed to evaluate antibacterial potential of different chemicals (Cabrio Top, Oxyrich, Kocide, Electus super, and Forum top) against Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis under vitro and vivo conditions at three different concentrations. In vitro condition, efficacy of these chemicals was determined at (250ppm, 500ppm,750pp) concentrations out of which Electus super showed maximum inhibition zone at 750ppm concentration. In field condition, kocide and electus super were applied separately and in combination and in combination significant result was expressed with minimum disease incidence. The current investigations pave the way for fruitful disease management through certain chemicals because of their easy availability, fast action and cost effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":11234,"journal":{"name":"Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86724307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Unrestrained pesticide usage has a negative impact on the ecosystem and also harms the health of other organisms, threatening biodiversity. The organophosphates and organochlorine cause convulsions, irritability and tumours which compel us to remove them from the ecosystem for the sustainability of life. The process of cleaning up pesticide-polluted regions is difficult and requires innovative eco-friendly strategies i.e. bioremediation, bio-stimulation and natural attenuation. Bioremediation is the method that biologically degrades the organic wastes under controlled conditions to the levels of less concentration of organic materials. The current study intends to investigate effective and environmentally acceptable ways for removing pesticide contamination and residues from our ecosystem, with a particular emphasis on bioremediation processes including bacteria, fungus, and other forms of life.
{"title":"PESTICIDE CONCERNS IN PAKISTAN AND STRATEGIES TO MITIGATE PESTICIDE RESIDUAL EFFECTS","authors":"Noel Shamun","doi":"10.56520/asj.v4i2.136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56520/asj.v4i2.136","url":null,"abstract":"Unrestrained pesticide usage has a negative impact on the ecosystem and also harms the health of other organisms, threatening biodiversity. The organophosphates and organochlorine cause convulsions, irritability and tumours which compel us to remove them from the ecosystem for the sustainability of life. The process of cleaning up pesticide-polluted regions is difficult and requires innovative eco-friendly strategies i.e. bioremediation, bio-stimulation and natural attenuation. Bioremediation is the method that biologically degrades the organic wastes under controlled conditions to the levels of less concentration of organic materials. The current study intends to investigate effective and environmentally acceptable ways for removing pesticide contamination and residues from our ecosystem, with a particular emphasis on bioremediation processes including bacteria, fungus, and other forms of life.","PeriodicalId":11234,"journal":{"name":"Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86083562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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