Muhammad Haseeb Raza, M. Mehdi, Burhan Ahmad, Rajendra Adhikari, Muhammad Bilal Ahsan
Pulses are rich source of protein and linked to countless positive impacts on human health as well as plant health because these are the nitrogen fixing crops. Likewise, pulses centric meal are widely adopted as better source to overcome severe acute malnutrition. In Pakistan, decreasing trend in production and continuous rise in pulses prices reduced the economic access of the people particularly of people falling under poverty to pulses. Pulses are grown in the rain-fed areas in Pakistan. The unusual rainfall highly affects pulses crop and climatic conditions; therefore, farmers have a high risk of getting attractive prices consistently. Marketing of Pulses is mainly in private hands and farmers usually sell to village dealer without any value addition after harvesting. This research is designed to identify the constraints and opportunities for enhancing pulses production and value chain development in Pakistan through employing Delphi Approach. The results revealed that lack of availability of improved varieties/good quality seeds of pulses is identified as the most critical barrier in increasing the production and cropped area under the pulses. In addition, no policy support from the government, poor marketing, and no value chain existence resulting in low prices received by the farmer are also considered a source of the decline farmers' interest in the pulses. The findings of this study highlighted that development of pest, disease, and climate change-resistant varieties and development of competitive pulses value chains could play vital role in making Pakistan self-sufficient in the pulses. The findings identified here the important set of barriers and opportunities for the industry and policymakers. Hence these indicators should help farmers and relevant stakeholders to monitor pulses production sustainability and guide decision makers to make appropriate policies for pulses sector in Pakistan.
{"title":"IDENTIFYING THE CONSTRAINTS AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR INCREASING PULSES’ PRODUCTION AND VALUE CHAIN DEVELOPMENT IN PAKISTAN: A DELPHI APPROACH","authors":"Muhammad Haseeb Raza, M. Mehdi, Burhan Ahmad, Rajendra Adhikari, Muhammad Bilal Ahsan","doi":"10.56520/asj.v4i2.196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56520/asj.v4i2.196","url":null,"abstract":"Pulses are rich source of protein and linked to countless positive impacts on human health as well as plant health because these are the nitrogen fixing crops. Likewise, pulses centric meal are widely adopted as better source to overcome severe acute malnutrition. In Pakistan, decreasing trend in production and continuous rise in pulses prices reduced the economic access of the people particularly of people falling under poverty to pulses. Pulses are grown in the rain-fed areas in Pakistan. The unusual rainfall highly affects pulses crop and climatic conditions; therefore, farmers have a high risk of getting attractive prices consistently. Marketing of Pulses is mainly in private hands and farmers usually sell to village dealer without any value addition after harvesting. This research is designed to identify the constraints and opportunities for enhancing pulses production and value chain development in Pakistan through employing Delphi Approach. The results revealed that lack of availability of improved varieties/good quality seeds of pulses is identified as the most critical barrier in increasing the production and cropped area under the pulses. In addition, no policy support from the government, poor marketing, and no value chain existence resulting in low prices received by the farmer are also considered a source of the decline farmers' interest in the pulses. The findings of this study highlighted that development of pest, disease, and climate change-resistant varieties and development of competitive pulses value chains could play vital role in making Pakistan self-sufficient in the pulses. The findings identified here the important set of barriers and opportunities for the industry and policymakers. Hence these indicators should help farmers and relevant stakeholders to monitor pulses production sustainability and guide decision makers to make appropriate policies for pulses sector in Pakistan.","PeriodicalId":11234,"journal":{"name":"Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90489587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Persimmon (Diospyros kaki) a delicious fruit belongs to Rahmanaceae family. It is a climacteric fruit which is successfully grown in all regions of the world. Persimmon a perishable fruit which is consumed in both fresh and processed forms. It is a rich source of essential nutrients and bioactive compounds such as protein, vitamins, minerals, tannin, flavonoids and carotenoids. The current study was planned to investigate the antidiabetic potential of low calorie persimmon juice under different intervals of time. For this objective persimmon pulp was separated from peel and then it was analyzed for quality parameters. After chemical analysis persimmon pulp revealed that crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, total phenolic, microbiological contents, calcium, and magnesium were 0.56±0.05%, 0.16±0.02%, 3.85±0.05, 12.41±0.39GAE/g, 4.60±0.26log10 CFU/g, 7.5±0.02mg, 156.5±0.11mg and 8.83±0.03mg, respectively. Persimmon juice was prepared by adding various levels of persimmon pulp. The results showed that the persimmon juice contained a lot of antidiabetic activity. It is concluded that low calorie persimmon juice would be appropriate choice for diabetic patients. Keywords: Persimmon fruit composition; bioactive compounds; persimmon juice; antidiabetic potential.
{"title":"Preparation and Quality Evaluation of Functional Persimmon (Diospyros kaki) Juice for Diabetic Patients.","authors":"Mukhtiar Ahmad Mukhtiar Ahmad","doi":"10.56520/asj.v4i2.88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56520/asj.v4i2.88","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000Persimmon (Diospyros kaki) a delicious fruit belongs to Rahmanaceae family. It is a climacteric fruit which is successfully grown in all regions of the world. Persimmon a perishable fruit which is consumed in both fresh and processed forms. It is a rich source of essential nutrients and bioactive compounds such as protein, vitamins, minerals, tannin, flavonoids and carotenoids. The current study was planned to investigate the antidiabetic potential of low calorie persimmon juice under different intervals of time. For this objective persimmon pulp was separated from peel and then it was analyzed for quality parameters. After chemical analysis persimmon pulp revealed that crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, total phenolic, microbiological contents, calcium, and magnesium were 0.56±0.05%, 0.16±0.02%, 3.85±0.05, 12.41±0.39GAE/g, 4.60±0.26log10 CFU/g, 7.5±0.02mg, 156.5±0.11mg and 8.83±0.03mg, respectively. Persimmon juice was prepared by adding various levels of persimmon pulp. The results showed that the persimmon juice contained a lot of antidiabetic activity. It is concluded that low calorie persimmon juice would be appropriate choice for diabetic patients. \u0000Keywords: Persimmon fruit composition; bioactive compounds; persimmon juice; antidiabetic potential. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":11234,"journal":{"name":"Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal","volume":"206 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85869685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rhizospheric microorganisms like bacteria and fungi are renowned in enhancing the growth of crop plants and to inhibit other hurtful soil micro-organisms. Current research investigations were undertaken to explore such type of rhizobacteria from rice soil. Inhibitory effect of these bacteria was checked against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae and Agrobacterium tumifacians. Research outcomes unveiled that all tested rhizobacterial isolates exerted antagonistic effect against both the tested pathogens. They produced 0.8% to 1.68% inhibitory zone against fungus and 20 to 40 % against bacteria. It can be therefore, assumed that these antagonistic bacterial strains may be employed as biocontrol inoculants against fungal and bacterial diseases of agricultural crops. Kee words: Rhizobacteria, biocontrol, diseases, fungi and crops.
{"title":"ANTIFUNGAL AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF RHIZOBACTERIAL MICROFLORA","authors":"J. Tariq, M. Usman, Dr.Raza M.Memon Raza","doi":"10.56520/asj.v4i2.161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56520/asj.v4i2.161","url":null,"abstract":"Rhizospheric microorganisms like bacteria and fungi are renowned in enhancing the growth of crop plants and to inhibit other hurtful soil micro-organisms. Current research investigations were undertaken to explore such type of rhizobacteria from rice soil. Inhibitory effect of these bacteria was checked against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae and Agrobacterium tumifacians. Research outcomes unveiled that all tested rhizobacterial isolates exerted antagonistic effect against both the tested pathogens. They produced 0.8% to 1.68% inhibitory zone against fungus and 20 to 40 % against bacteria. It can be therefore, assumed that these antagonistic bacterial strains may be employed as biocontrol inoculants against fungal and bacterial diseases of agricultural crops. \u0000Kee words: Rhizobacteria, biocontrol, diseases, fungi and crops.","PeriodicalId":11234,"journal":{"name":"Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90341062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bacterial wilt is an important disease of tomato caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, which causes 90% yield losses. The present research was done to evaluate the effect of different chemicals against bacterial wilt of tomato. By using inhibition zone technique, five chemicals (Oxyrich, Forum top, Electus Super, Cabriotop and Kocide) at three different concentrations (250, 300 and 350 ppm) along with control were evaluated against R. solanacearum under lab conditions with Complete Randomized Design (CRD). Among all the treatments, maximum inhibition zone was expressed by Oxyrich (20.687mm). Under field conditions using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), Oxyrich and kocide were evaluated alone and in combination at three different concentrations (2, 2.5 and 3%) along with control. Among these treatments, maximum reduction in disease incidence was expressed by combination of Oxyrich + Kocide (18.38%). Difference among treatments was observed using least significant difference (LSD) at probability level of 0.05%. It is concluded that identification of different chemicals will be helpful in future studies for the management of bacterial wilt disease of tomato.
{"title":"CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF RALSTONIA SOLANACEARUM CAUSING BACTERIAL WILT OF TOMATO","authors":"M. Atiq","doi":"10.56520/asj.v4i2.166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56520/asj.v4i2.166","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial wilt is an important disease of tomato caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, which causes 90% yield losses. The present research was done to evaluate the effect of different chemicals against bacterial wilt of tomato. By using inhibition zone technique, five chemicals (Oxyrich, Forum top, Electus Super, Cabriotop and Kocide) at three different concentrations (250, 300 and 350 ppm) along with control were evaluated against R. solanacearum under lab conditions with Complete Randomized Design (CRD). Among all the treatments, maximum inhibition zone was expressed by Oxyrich (20.687mm). Under field conditions using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), Oxyrich and kocide were evaluated alone and in combination at three different concentrations (2, 2.5 and 3%) along with control. Among these treatments, maximum reduction in disease incidence was expressed by combination of Oxyrich + Kocide (18.38%). Difference among treatments was observed using least significant difference (LSD) at probability level of 0.05%. It is concluded that identification of different chemicals will be helpful in future studies for the management of bacterial wilt disease of tomato.","PeriodicalId":11234,"journal":{"name":"Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74250549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. A. Yousif, M. Y. Mohamed, Mohammed Ahmed AbdElmowla Ahmed
The objectives of this study were to analyze energy input-output and to identify the energy use patterns for sunflower production in the mechanized rain fed agricultural schemes eastern Sudan. The results revealed that the total energy input used to produce sunflower was 1671.33 MJ ha-1 and the total energy output was 11882.83 MJ ha-1. Sunflower production was efficient in energy consumption. The result showed that the energy ratio of output to input was greater than seven. The results indicated that the average net energy, the energy productivity and the specific energy was 10211.5 MJ ha-1, 0.28 kg. MJ-1 and 3.52 MJ kg -1, respectively. Fuel energy input was the highest among the energy input items while hand labor energy input was lower. These results indicate the dependence of sunflower production in rain fed agricultural schemes eastern Sudan on machinery. This necessitated the availability and readiness of the relevant and appropriate machineries as well as sufficient amount of fuel. The results also revealed that the energy profitability was 6.11 and human energy profitability was 1165.83 MJ h-1.The direct energy input was greater than the indirect energy input. Similarly, non-renewable energy was much greater than renewable energy. The established information is useful to manage and to sustain the productivity of sunflower crop in the mechanized rain fed schemes eastern Sudan
{"title":"Energy use analysis for sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) production in the mechanized rain fed schemes eastern Sudan","authors":"L. A. Yousif, M. Y. Mohamed, Mohammed Ahmed AbdElmowla Ahmed","doi":"10.52951/dasj.22140205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52951/dasj.22140205","url":null,"abstract":"The objectives of this study were to analyze energy input-output and to identify the energy use patterns for sunflower production in the mechanized rain fed agricultural schemes eastern Sudan. The results revealed that the total energy input used to produce sunflower was 1671.33 MJ ha-1 and the total energy output was 11882.83 MJ ha-1. Sunflower production was efficient in energy consumption. The result showed that the energy ratio of output to input was greater than seven. The results indicated that the average net energy, the energy productivity and the specific energy was 10211.5 MJ ha-1, 0.28 kg. MJ-1 and 3.52 MJ kg -1, respectively. Fuel energy input was the highest among the energy input items while hand labor energy input was lower. These results indicate the dependence of sunflower production in rain fed agricultural schemes eastern Sudan on machinery. This necessitated the availability and readiness of the relevant and appropriate machineries as well as sufficient amount of fuel. The results also revealed that the energy profitability was 6.11 and human energy profitability was 1165.83 MJ h-1.The direct energy input was greater than the indirect energy input. Similarly, non-renewable energy was much greater than renewable energy. The established information is useful to manage and to sustain the productivity of sunflower crop in the mechanized rain fed schemes eastern Sudan","PeriodicalId":11234,"journal":{"name":"Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80173499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Olagunju, Oreoluwa Adesewa Alomaja, I. S. Nabara, O. Adetarami, Oluwafolakemi Ayo Olaniyan, A. E. Akinbola
The research assessed farmers of arable crops in Akoko southwest local government area of Ondo State, Nigeria on their adaptation strategies to perceived climatic unpredictability. Using a multistage sampling, cross-sectional data were collected from 150 farmers in rural areas of all the local governments using a standardized questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics including chi-square, Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC), and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) were utilized to analyses the study's data. The study revealed a significant relationship between household size (χ2=179.3, p<0.05), farm size (χ2=136.4, p<0.05) and adaptation strategies. Also, there was a significant influence of gender (t=3.001), access to credit (t=2.459), and other sources of income (t=2.384) on adaptation strategies to be adopted by farmers at p<0.05. The findings indicate that the farmers are severely constrained by a lack of suitable irrigation infrastructure and insufficient government support, which has decreased production and may result in lower profits and more poverty. According to the results, farmers' perceptions of climatic unpredictability have a significant impact on their adaptation techniques. A better understanding of climatic variability would help farmers develop better adaptation strategies, which will enhance their livelihoods and lower poverty levels in rural regions. The government should launch awareness and sensitization programmers at all levels to create a community where farmers are well-versed in the causes and impacts of climatic variability.
{"title":"Farmers’ Perception of Climate Variability and Adaptation Strategies in Akoko Southwest Local Government Area, Ondo State, Nigeria","authors":"O. Olagunju, Oreoluwa Adesewa Alomaja, I. S. Nabara, O. Adetarami, Oluwafolakemi Ayo Olaniyan, A. E. Akinbola","doi":"10.52951/dasj.22140211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52951/dasj.22140211","url":null,"abstract":"The research assessed farmers of arable crops in Akoko southwest local government area of Ondo State, Nigeria on their adaptation strategies to perceived climatic unpredictability. Using a multistage sampling, cross-sectional data were collected from 150 farmers in rural areas of all the local governments using a standardized questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics including chi-square, Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC), and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) were utilized to analyses the study's data. The study revealed a significant relationship between household size (χ2=179.3, p<0.05), farm size (χ2=136.4, p<0.05) and adaptation strategies. Also, there was a significant influence of gender (t=3.001), access to credit (t=2.459), and other sources of income (t=2.384) on adaptation strategies to be adopted by farmers at p<0.05. The findings indicate that the farmers are severely constrained by a lack of suitable irrigation infrastructure and insufficient government support, which has decreased production and may result in lower profits and more poverty. According to the results, farmers' perceptions of climatic unpredictability have a significant impact on their adaptation techniques. A better understanding of climatic variability would help farmers develop better adaptation strategies, which will enhance their livelihoods and lower poverty levels in rural regions. The government should launch awareness and sensitization programmers at all levels to create a community where farmers are well-versed in the causes and impacts of climatic variability.","PeriodicalId":11234,"journal":{"name":"Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87601987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nafisat M. Obulamah, E. S. Salau, E. G. Luka, H. S. Umar
The study identified the factors affecting the adoption of agrochemical safety measures among crop farmers in the Southern Agricultural Zone of Nasarawa State, Nigeria. The specific objectives of the study include; identifying the rate of awareness of agrochemical safety measures, to identify adoption level of agrochemical safety measures and to determine the effect of socio-economic characteristic on the adoption of agrochemical safety measures. A multistage sampling technique was employed to select 220 crop farmers for the study. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain data and data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The Result of the study revealed that farmers in the area were aware of the following agrochemical safety measures: avoid eating and drinking when using agrochemicals/bathing after spraying (85%), washing spraying clothes separately from other clothes (74%), and danger of ingestion/inhalation of agrochemicals (70%) among others. Also, results on the adoption of agrochemical safety measures show that 50% of the respondents adopted on a high scale level, 38% adopted on a medium scale and 12% adopted on a low scale. Level of education, extension contact, farm size, and household size were the socio-economic characteristics that had un influence on the adoption of agrochemical safety measures in the area. It is therefore recommended that extension workers should intensify un enlightenment campaign on the danger of exposure to agrochemicals in order to achieve full adoption of agrochemical safety measures by crop farmers.
{"title":"Factors Affecting the Adoption of Agrochemical Safety Measures among Crop Farmers in Southern Agricultural Zone of Nasarawa State, Nigeria","authors":"Nafisat M. Obulamah, E. S. Salau, E. G. Luka, H. S. Umar","doi":"10.52951/dasj.22140215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52951/dasj.22140215","url":null,"abstract":"The study identified the factors affecting the adoption of agrochemical safety measures among crop farmers in the Southern Agricultural Zone of Nasarawa State, Nigeria. The specific objectives of the study include; identifying the rate of awareness of agrochemical safety measures, to identify adoption level of agrochemical safety measures and to determine the effect of socio-economic characteristic on the adoption of agrochemical safety measures. A multistage sampling technique was employed to select 220 crop farmers for the study. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain data and data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The Result of the study revealed that farmers in the area were aware of the following agrochemical safety measures: avoid eating and drinking when using agrochemicals/bathing after spraying (85%), washing spraying clothes separately from other clothes (74%), and danger of ingestion/inhalation of agrochemicals (70%) among others. Also, results on the adoption of agrochemical safety measures show that 50% of the respondents adopted on a high scale level, 38% adopted on a medium scale and 12% adopted on a low scale. Level of education, extension contact, farm size, and household size were the socio-economic characteristics that had un influence on the adoption of agrochemical safety measures in the area. It is therefore recommended that extension workers should intensify un enlightenment campaign on the danger of exposure to agrochemicals in order to achieve full adoption of agrochemical safety measures by crop farmers.","PeriodicalId":11234,"journal":{"name":"Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal","volume":"46 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91551504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Over the decade many villages in Zamfara State Nigeria were known for artisanal gold mining which caused pollution of vast water bodies and area of land. This makes it imperative to analyze heavy metal contamination in wells and surface water. The present study evaluated the concentrations of heavy metals (iron, lead, cadmium, zinc, nickel, and chromium) in the ore processing water and well-water in some selected villages of Anka local government area in Zamfara State where mining is taking place. Anka town served as control due to absence of mining activities. The concentrations of heavy metals in the water samples were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The concentration of Fe, Pb, and Cd ranged from 23.3 – 921.46, 0 – 132.8, and 3.3 – 4.1 ppm respectively. While Zn, Ni, and Cr were not detected in the water samples. Virtually all the detected heavy metals in the water samples exceeded the international organizations (WHO, USEPA, and EPA-EUC) maximum permissible limit of 0.3 – 1.00, 0.01 – 0.05, and 0.03 – 0.05 ppm of Fe, Pb, and Cd in water samples respectively. Interestingly, all the well-water from all the study locations was not contaminated with Pb despite its high concentrations in the processing water. Meanwhile both the processing water and well water were contaminated with Fe and Cd. These revealed that artisanal gold mining is contributing to the pollution of surface water bodies (used for irrigation and drinking) with Pb, while Fe and Cd may be in addition to their abundance in natural soil deposits.
{"title":"The Consequence of Artisanal Gold Mining on Heavy Metals Exposure to Water in Anka, Zamfara State Nigeria","authors":"S. Yahaya, N. Abdu, Nuruddeen Isa","doi":"10.52951/dasj.221402007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52951/dasj.221402007","url":null,"abstract":"Over the decade many villages in Zamfara State Nigeria were known for artisanal gold mining which caused pollution of vast water bodies and area of land. This makes it imperative to analyze heavy metal contamination in wells and surface water. The present study evaluated the concentrations of heavy metals (iron, lead, cadmium, zinc, nickel, and chromium) in the ore processing water and well-water in some selected villages of Anka local government area in Zamfara State where mining is taking place. Anka town served as control due to absence of mining activities. The concentrations of heavy metals in the water samples were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The concentration of Fe, Pb, and Cd ranged from 23.3 – 921.46, 0 – 132.8, and 3.3 – 4.1 ppm respectively. While Zn, Ni, and Cr were not detected in the water samples. Virtually all the detected heavy metals in the water samples exceeded the international organizations (WHO, USEPA, and EPA-EUC) maximum permissible limit of 0.3 – 1.00, 0.01 – 0.05, and 0.03 – 0.05 ppm of Fe, Pb, and Cd in water samples respectively. Interestingly, all the well-water from all the study locations was not contaminated with Pb despite its high concentrations in the processing water. Meanwhile both the processing water and well water were contaminated with Fe and Cd. These revealed that artisanal gold mining is contributing to the pollution of surface water bodies (used for irrigation and drinking) with Pb, while Fe and Cd may be in addition to their abundance in natural soil deposits.","PeriodicalId":11234,"journal":{"name":"Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76734109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aliyu Ahmad Mahmud, S. Yahaya, Gautam Singh Dhaked, Devendra Jain, A. A. Bhojiya
Inoculation of important microbial strains in a modern intensive crop production is a critical step for the improvement of hybrid crop production. This study evaluated the impact of NPK consortia biofertilizer (NPK CB) and mineral fertilizer on growth and yield of two maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids at Mewar University research farm, India. The research was conducted during 2020/2021 Kharif cultivation season. The split-plot design was adopted in three replications, each consisting of six treatments combinations; (T1 = control, T2 = 50% Recommended Dose of Fertilizers (RDF), T3 = 100% RDF, T4 = NPK CB, T5 = 50% RDF + NPK CB and T6 = 100% RDF + NPK CB) and two maize hybrids (i.e., N.K-30 and N.K-30 plus). The result obtained revealed that the growth attributes, and yield attributes increased due to the combined application of NPK CB and mineral fertilizers. But there is no significant difference (p>0.05) observed between the studied hybrids, except for the 1000 kernels weight. Although the highest grain yield (1987.39 kg ha-1) obtained from the application of T6 (100%RDF + NPK CB) was comparable with the grain yield (1957.64 kg ha-1) obtained from the application of T3 (100% RDF). However, inoculation with NPK CB had superior effects on growth and yield attributes over the sole application of mineral fertilizers below the RDF. Hence, NPK CB could be a potent fertilizer input for hybrids maize production while reducing the level of chemical fertilizers below the RDF.
{"title":"Impacts of NPK consortia biofertilizer and mineral fertilizer on growth and yield of two maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids in Rajasthan-India","authors":"Aliyu Ahmad Mahmud, S. Yahaya, Gautam Singh Dhaked, Devendra Jain, A. A. Bhojiya","doi":"10.52951/dasj.22140210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52951/dasj.22140210","url":null,"abstract":"Inoculation of important microbial strains in a modern intensive crop production is a critical step for the improvement of hybrid crop production. This study evaluated the impact of NPK consortia biofertilizer (NPK CB) and mineral fertilizer on growth and yield of two maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids at Mewar University research farm, India. The research was conducted during 2020/2021 Kharif cultivation season. The split-plot design was adopted in three replications, each consisting of six treatments combinations; (T1 = control, T2 = 50% Recommended Dose of Fertilizers (RDF), T3 = 100% RDF, T4 = NPK CB, T5 = 50% RDF + NPK CB and T6 = 100% RDF + NPK CB) and two maize hybrids (i.e., N.K-30 and N.K-30 plus). The result obtained revealed that the growth attributes, and yield attributes increased due to the combined application of NPK CB and mineral fertilizers. But there is no significant difference (p>0.05) observed between the studied hybrids, except for the 1000 kernels weight. Although the highest grain yield (1987.39 kg ha-1) obtained from the application of T6 (100%RDF + NPK CB) was comparable with the grain yield (1957.64 kg ha-1) obtained from the application of T3 (100% RDF). However, inoculation with NPK CB had superior effects on growth and yield attributes over the sole application of mineral fertilizers below the RDF. Hence, NPK CB could be a potent fertilizer input for hybrids maize production while reducing the level of chemical fertilizers below the RDF.","PeriodicalId":11234,"journal":{"name":"Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76803692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examined the status of climate smart small ruminant production practices in Kwara State, Nigeria. About 105 small ruminant breeders were selected for the study. The data were analysed the use of frequency count, percentage, mean score, Binary Logistic Regression and Pearson product moment correlation. The result revealed that about 60% of the breeders were females and the mean years of experience in small ruminant production was 7 years. The result of most of the frequently used climate smart small ruminant production practices of the respondents showed that provision of medication to sick animals and cultivation of crops along with rearing of animals (90.5%), feeding with supplementary feeds, isolation of sick animals and vaccination of animals (92.4%); provision of shade through Planting of trees to reduce heat stress (93.3%); feeding with crop residues and building and maintenance of pens (96.2%) and grazing on pasture/grassland (97.1%). About 90.5% of the breeders have high status on the use of climate smart small ruminant production practices. Disease outbreak and high mortality (mean=2.07) was the highest ranked factors affecting the small ruminant breeders. The result of Binary Logistic Regression showed that educational level (B=3.985), membership of social group (B=6.083), access to extension services (B= 13.941) and years of experience (B= -0.544) were the determinant factors of the use of climate smart small ruminants production practices. This study therefore recommends that breeders should be provided with veterinary services and extension services.
{"title":"Status of Climate Smart Small Ruminant Production Practices in Kwara State, Nigeria","authors":"J. Ifabiyi, G. Opeyemi, I. Banjoko","doi":"10.52951/dasj.22140209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52951/dasj.22140209","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the status of climate smart small ruminant production practices in Kwara State, Nigeria. About 105 small ruminant breeders were selected for the study. The data were analysed the use of frequency count, percentage, mean score, Binary Logistic Regression and Pearson product moment correlation. The result revealed that about 60% of the breeders were females and the mean years of experience in small ruminant production was 7 years. The result of most of the frequently used climate smart small ruminant production practices of the respondents showed that provision of medication to sick animals and cultivation of crops along with rearing of animals (90.5%), feeding with supplementary feeds, isolation of sick animals and vaccination of animals (92.4%); provision of shade through Planting of trees to reduce heat stress (93.3%); feeding with crop residues and building and maintenance of pens (96.2%) and grazing on pasture/grassland (97.1%). About 90.5% of the breeders have high status on the use of climate smart small ruminant production practices. Disease outbreak and high mortality (mean=2.07) was the highest ranked factors affecting the small ruminant breeders. The result of Binary Logistic Regression showed that educational level (B=3.985), membership of social group (B=6.083), access to extension services (B= 13.941) and years of experience (B= -0.544) were the determinant factors of the use of climate smart small ruminants production practices. This study therefore recommends that breeders should be provided with veterinary services and extension services.","PeriodicalId":11234,"journal":{"name":"Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78314854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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