Aziz Mahdi Abd Al-Shammari, Abdul Rasool Hamed Hussain Al Obaidi
The study was during which the seeds of triple hybrids were produced by deriving individual hybrids by introducing 6 strains into the half-diallel cross- breeding program, resulting 15 genotypes. In the second season the hybrid seeds were planted Individuals with two strains for the purpose of developing triple hybrids. During the third season, all 48 genotypes were planted according to the randomized complete block design with three replications, service operations were conducted for the crop from irrigation, fertilization, weeding and control whenever needed. The result showed that the triple hybrid (3×1) b was significantly superior to all genotypes for the plant height reached 140.66 cm, and for the number of leaves per plant, the triple hybrid (2×1) b had the highest number of leaves over all the genotypes, which scored 137.9 leaf-1. For the number of fruits and plant yield, the triple hybrid (6×5) a showed significant superiority over all the genotypes within the experiment by recording 43.20 fruits of the plant-1 and 7.921 kg of the plant-1, respectively and the superiority of the triple hybrids (6×2) b and (5×4) a significantly over the rest of the compounds with the highest percentage of carbohydrates amounting to 10.363% and 10.325%, respectively, while the hybrids (6×5) a, (3×2) a, (3×1) a and (5×4) a recorded the highest Significant values of sugars were 16.993%, 16.880%, 16.833% and 16.813%, respectively.
{"title":"Evaluation of Triple Hybrids of Tomato Crop (Lycopersicon esculantum. Mill) Derived from Individual Hybrids and Some Pure line","authors":"Aziz Mahdi Abd Al-Shammari, Abdul Rasool Hamed Hussain Al Obaidi","doi":"10.52951/dasj.23150103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52951/dasj.23150103","url":null,"abstract":"The study was during which the seeds of triple hybrids were produced by deriving individual hybrids by introducing 6 strains into the half-diallel cross- breeding program, resulting 15 genotypes. In the second season the hybrid seeds were planted Individuals with two strains for the purpose of developing triple hybrids. During the third season, all 48 genotypes were planted according to the randomized complete block design with three replications, service operations were conducted for the crop from irrigation, fertilization, weeding and control whenever needed. The result showed that the triple hybrid (3×1) b was significantly superior to all genotypes for the plant height reached 140.66 cm, and for the number of leaves per plant, the triple hybrid (2×1) b had the highest number of leaves over all the genotypes, which scored 137.9 leaf-1. For the number of fruits and plant yield, the triple hybrid (6×5) a showed significant superiority over all the genotypes within the experiment by recording 43.20 fruits of the plant-1 and 7.921 kg of the plant-1, respectively and the superiority of the triple hybrids (6×2) b and (5×4) a significantly over the rest of the compounds with the highest percentage of carbohydrates amounting to 10.363% and 10.325%, respectively, while the hybrids (6×5) a, (3×2) a, (3×1) a and (5×4) a recorded the highest Significant values of sugars were 16.993%, 16.880%, 16.833% and 16.813%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":11234,"journal":{"name":"Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72650164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sazan Fathi Sharif, Ali Muhi Aldeen Omar Aljabary, Gulala M. A. Saeed, Goran S. Tofiq
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different growing mediums {sand, peat moss, and mix (sand + peat moss 1:1 v/v)} and spraying with 0,100 and 150 mg L-1 of humic acid on vegetative and root parameters of “Wonderful” pomegranate hardwood cuttings at Bakrejo nursery station, Sulaimania city, Iraq in 2021. They were planted in polyethylene black bags on 15-3-2021. Using randomized complete block design within the factorial experiments with three blocks. The results indicated that leaves, roots and shoots number, root wet weight, and root length were increased significantly in peat moss medium. Cuttings grown in a mixed medium showed a significant increase of leaf growth including leaf area, leaf dry weight, and chlorophyll content. In addition, spraying with 100 mgL-1 of humic acid caused a significant increase in the root characteristics, and shoot number compared to the control. Furthermore, the maximum root growth was recorded in the interaction between peat moss medium and applying 100 mgL-1 of humic acid compared to other treatments
{"title":"esponse of Wonderful Pomegranate Cutting to Foliar Application of Humic Acid and Different Growth Medium","authors":"Sazan Fathi Sharif, Ali Muhi Aldeen Omar Aljabary, Gulala M. A. Saeed, Goran S. Tofiq","doi":"10.52951/dasj.23150101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52951/dasj.23150101","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different growing mediums {sand, peat moss, and mix (sand + peat moss 1:1 v/v)} and spraying with 0,100 and 150 mg L-1 of humic acid on vegetative and root parameters of “Wonderful” pomegranate hardwood cuttings at Bakrejo nursery station, Sulaimania city, Iraq in 2021. They were planted in polyethylene black bags on 15-3-2021. Using randomized complete block design within the factorial experiments with three blocks. The results indicated that leaves, roots and shoots number, root wet weight, and root length were increased significantly in peat moss medium. Cuttings grown in a mixed medium showed a significant increase of leaf growth including leaf area, leaf dry weight, and chlorophyll content. In addition, spraying with 100 mgL-1 of humic acid caused a significant increase in the root characteristics, and shoot number compared to the control. Furthermore, the maximum root growth was recorded in the interaction between peat moss medium and applying 100 mgL-1 of humic acid compared to other treatments","PeriodicalId":11234,"journal":{"name":"Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85235226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abdullah Ismaeel Awad, Amer Hussein Hamdan Alzobaay
In this study, manufacturing synbiotic ice cream is containing fermented banana puree by Lactobacillus acidophilus LA5 and Bifidobacterium (Bif) lactis BB12 and probiotic ice cream containing fermented skim milk by the same bacteria under the same conditions. The Viability of probiotic starters, pH and sensorial properties were tested during the storage period, in addition to the overrun. Synbiotic ice cream showed high bacterial count for both species of probiotics, especially Ice.4 treatment (ice cream containing 10% fermented banana puree with same couple strains) which was 7.54 and 7.59 logarithmic (log) colony- forming unit (CFU)/ gram (g) for Lactobacillus (Lb). Acidophilus LA5 and Bif. lactis BB12, respectively, pH registered 5.7, sensorial attributes recorded 84% and overrun reached 78% compared to others trials that inoculated with 5% of the same puree or ice cream with fermented skim milk with (5,10) % or control treatment (without starters).
{"title":"Utilization of banana puree fermented by Lactobacillus acidophilus LA5 and Bifidobacterium lactis BB12 for the manufacture of synbiotic ice cream","authors":"Abdullah Ismaeel Awad, Amer Hussein Hamdan Alzobaay","doi":"10.52951/dasj.23150105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52951/dasj.23150105","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, manufacturing synbiotic ice cream is containing fermented banana puree by Lactobacillus acidophilus LA5 and Bifidobacterium (Bif) lactis BB12 and probiotic ice cream containing fermented skim milk by the same bacteria under the same conditions. The Viability of probiotic starters, pH and sensorial properties were tested during the storage period, in addition to the overrun. Synbiotic ice cream showed high bacterial count for both species of probiotics, especially Ice.4 treatment (ice cream containing 10% fermented banana puree with same couple strains) which was 7.54 and 7.59 logarithmic (log) colony- forming unit (CFU)/ gram (g) for Lactobacillus (Lb). Acidophilus LA5 and Bif. lactis BB12, respectively, pH registered 5.7, sensorial attributes recorded 84% and overrun reached 78% compared to others trials that inoculated with 5% of the same puree or ice cream with fermented skim milk with (5,10) % or control treatment (without starters).","PeriodicalId":11234,"journal":{"name":"Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75887497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The population inflation that countries are witnessing during this century, makes it imperative to provide sufficient quantities of agricultural products to meet their urgent needs. Therefore, it became very necessary to use pesticides to improve agricultural crop productivity and reduce losses resulting from agricultural pests. The indiscriminate use of pesticides causes severe risks not only on agricultural fields, but also workers in their manufacturing processes and individual use in homes and institutions. The main adverse effects of utilizing pesticides on human health, soil, microorganisms of soil, surface water and groundwater have been covered in this review. This investigation is aiming to elevate environmental awareness, highlight the serious harms of pesticides and provide guidance for implementing a serious solution from the people and authorities. In addition, the most important strategies to reduce the pesticides risks have been summarized.
{"title":"The Harmful Effects of Pesticides on the Environment and Human Health: A Review","authors":"Israa Mahmood Ali","doi":"10.52951/dasj.23150112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52951/dasj.23150112","url":null,"abstract":"The population inflation that countries are witnessing during this century, makes it imperative to provide sufficient quantities of agricultural products to meet their urgent needs. Therefore, it became very necessary to use pesticides to improve agricultural crop productivity and reduce losses resulting from agricultural pests. The indiscriminate use of pesticides causes severe risks not only on agricultural fields, but also workers in their manufacturing processes and individual use in homes and institutions. The main adverse effects of utilizing pesticides on human health, soil, microorganisms of soil, surface water and groundwater have been covered in this review. This investigation is aiming to elevate environmental awareness, highlight the serious harms of pesticides and provide guidance for implementing a serious solution from the people and authorities. In addition, the most important strategies to reduce the pesticides risks have been summarized.","PeriodicalId":11234,"journal":{"name":"Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74418245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shoaib Liaqat, Abdul Latif Khan Tipu, Ghayour Ahmad, Saeed Ahmed, Saba Merrium, Muhammad Rafiq Shahid, Javed Iqbal, Zahida Noreen, Muhammad Ihsan Ullah, Abrar Ahmed, Wajiha Zafar
Climate change has drastically affected the performance of several agricultural crops. Cotton is an important fibre crop which is severely influenced by the climate change in recent years Presence of genetic variability among germplasm is a key source for selecting the genotypes that are more adapted to the agro-climatic conditions with respect to yield and fibre related traits. For this purpose, 180 cotton genotypes were sown under augmented design with recommended management practices. Data for the morphological, yield and fibre traits viz plant height (PH), CLCuD(%),bolls per plant, boll weight (g), yield/ plant (g), GOT (%), staple length (mm), mike (ug/inch), staple strength (g/tex) were recorded and analysed. The results of variance analysis revealed that significant variability was observed among genotypes for all the traits under study. PCA biplot showed that 26% variability was observed in PC1 and 15.5% in PC2. Genotypes no. 30 was found with distant yield and fibre characteristics. Through cluster analysis, total 180 cotton genotypes were grouped into nine different clusters. Group 7 and group 8 consist of 15 and 03 genotypes respectively. Genotypes among these two groups represent the higher CLCuD resistance, maximum yield per plant with better fibre traits. Phenotypic evaluation of cotton genotypes for different morphological, yield and fibre traits provide the basis for exploitation of best performing genotypes in the future breeding programme.
{"title":"GENETIC DIVERSITY AMONG COTTON (GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM L.) GERMPLASM FOR YIELD AND FIBRE TRAITS UNDER ARID CLIMATIC CONDITION","authors":"Shoaib Liaqat, Abdul Latif Khan Tipu, Ghayour Ahmad, Saeed Ahmed, Saba Merrium, Muhammad Rafiq Shahid, Javed Iqbal, Zahida Noreen, Muhammad Ihsan Ullah, Abrar Ahmed, Wajiha Zafar","doi":"10.56520/asj.v5i1.187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56520/asj.v5i1.187","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change has drastically affected the performance of several agricultural crops. Cotton is an important fibre crop which is severely influenced by the climate change in recent years Presence of genetic variability among germplasm is a key source for selecting the genotypes that are more adapted to the agro-climatic conditions with respect to yield and fibre related traits. For this purpose, 180 cotton genotypes were sown under augmented design with recommended management practices. Data for the morphological, yield and fibre traits viz plant height (PH), CLCuD(%),bolls per plant, boll weight (g), yield/ plant (g), GOT (%), staple length (mm), mike (ug/inch), staple strength (g/tex) were recorded and analysed. The results of variance analysis revealed that significant variability was observed among genotypes for all the traits under study. PCA biplot showed that 26% variability was observed in PC1 and 15.5% in PC2. Genotypes no. 30 was found with distant yield and fibre characteristics. Through cluster analysis, total 180 cotton genotypes were grouped into nine different clusters. Group 7 and group 8 consist of 15 and 03 genotypes respectively. Genotypes among these two groups represent the higher CLCuD resistance, maximum yield per plant with better fibre traits. Phenotypic evaluation of cotton genotypes for different morphological, yield and fibre traits provide the basis for exploitation of best performing genotypes in the future breeding programme.","PeriodicalId":11234,"journal":{"name":"Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84252319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Iqbal, Muhammad Sohail Saddiq, Muhammad Hassaan Javaid, Saqib Bashir, Muhammad Faisal, Yasir Ramzan, Muhammad Hammad Raza
Cyperus rotundus is rapidly growing plant can quickly form dense colonies through the extensive underground system of tuber and rhizomes. It is highly competitive for resources and causes a significant yield reduction in field crops. The nonchemical method has recently been practiced to control this noxious weed species. The current study was conducted to determine the effect of sowing depths (4, 8, 12, and 16 cm) and water regimes (deficit irrigation, medium irrigation, and frequent irrigation treatments) on C. rotundus shoot growth and underground growth of tubers in pots soil. Weed emergence, i.e., mean emergence time (MET), emergence index (EI), final emergence percentage (FEP), and shoot growth traits i.e. shoot density, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, and tuber growth traits i.e. tuber density, tuber weight, root density, and root weight were recorded under the completely randomized (CRD) factorial design. The greatest suppression of C. rotundus emergence and growth was found at 16 cm sowing depth. The mean emergence time (MET) of C. rotundus was increased by increasing the sowing depth. Minimum value of shoot densty (9.5 g) and tuber density (15.75 g) were recorded at 16 cm sowing depth under deficit irrigation treatment respectively.While shoot and tuber desnity traits were also drastically suppressed by increasing sowing depth at the deficit irrigation level. It is concluded that sowing depths and deficit irrigation methods can be included as a reliable approach for controlling purple nutsedge shoot and tuber growth.
{"title":"EVALUATION OF EMERGENCE AND GROWTH RESPONSE OF CYPERUS ROTUNDUS AS INFLUENCED BY SOWING DEPTHS AND WATER REGIMES","authors":"J. Iqbal, Muhammad Sohail Saddiq, Muhammad Hassaan Javaid, Saqib Bashir, Muhammad Faisal, Yasir Ramzan, Muhammad Hammad Raza","doi":"10.56520/asj.v5i1.229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56520/asj.v5i1.229","url":null,"abstract":"Cyperus rotundus is rapidly growing plant can quickly form dense colonies through the extensive underground system of tuber and rhizomes. It is highly competitive for resources and causes a significant yield reduction in field crops. The nonchemical method has recently been practiced to control this noxious weed species. The current study was conducted to determine the effect of sowing depths (4, 8, 12, and 16 cm) and water regimes (deficit irrigation, medium irrigation, and frequent irrigation treatments) on C. rotundus shoot growth and underground growth of tubers in pots soil. Weed emergence, i.e., mean emergence time (MET), emergence index (EI), final emergence percentage (FEP), and shoot growth traits i.e. shoot density, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, and tuber growth traits i.e. tuber density, tuber weight, root density, and root weight were recorded under the completely randomized (CRD) factorial design. The greatest suppression of C. rotundus emergence and growth was found at 16 cm sowing depth. The mean emergence time (MET) of C. rotundus was increased by increasing the sowing depth. Minimum value of shoot densty (9.5 g) and tuber density (15.75 g) were recorded at 16 cm sowing depth under deficit irrigation treatment respectively.While shoot and tuber desnity traits were also drastically suppressed by increasing sowing depth at the deficit irrigation level. It is concluded that sowing depths and deficit irrigation methods can be included as a reliable approach for controlling purple nutsedge shoot and tuber growth.","PeriodicalId":11234,"journal":{"name":"Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81848724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Narmeen Tariq, Muhammad Tariq Javed, Aftab Ahmad Anjum, Hafza Zahira Manzoor, Muhammad Hunain Ahmed, Aira Tariq, Sami Ullah Khan Bahadur
The emergence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is mainly due to the presence of resistant genes. The objective of this study is to perform antibiotic susceptibility profiling and molecular detection of nuc and mecA genes of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from mastitic milk. A total of 105 milk samples were collected from dairy farms in the Faisalabad region. They were cultured on Staph-110 media and mannitol salt agar. Biochemical tests included catalase and coagulase, were also performed for the identification of Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotic susceptibility profiling of MRSA was done by disc diffusion method and molecular screening of Staphylococcus aureus for the detection of nuc and mecA genes was done by using PCR. Selected 8 antibiotics based on previous history being commonly used in dairy practices. The prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus observed by PCR was 58.09%. Oxacillin (1µg) and vancomycin (30µg) showed 100% resistance, while enrofloxacin (5µg), amoxicillin (25µg), ampicillin (10µg), oxytetracycline (1µg), gentamycin (10µg) and tylosin (30µg) showed 1.64, 55.74, 73.77, 13.11, 1.64 and 11.74% resistance, respectively. Susceptibility percentages of enrofloxacin (5µg), amoxicillin (25µg), ampicillin (10µg), oxytetracycline (1µg), gentamycin (10µg) and tylosin (30µg) were 27.87, 37.70, 14.75, 19.67, 98.36 and 9.84%, respectively. Enrofloxacin (5µg), amoxicillin (25µg), ampicillin (10µg), oxytetracycline (1µg) and tylosin (30µg) showed 70.49, 6.56, 11.47, 67.21 and 78.69% intermediate resistance against MRSA. Among the mastitic cases, 58.09% were positive for Staphylococcus aureus. These isolates were susceptible to gentamycin in 98.36% and tylosin in 78.69% cases, so these antibiotics can be used for the treatment of mastitis.
{"title":"ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE AND MOLECULAR DETECTION OF nuc AND mecA GENES OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ISOLATED FROM MASTITIC MILK","authors":"Narmeen Tariq, Muhammad Tariq Javed, Aftab Ahmad Anjum, Hafza Zahira Manzoor, Muhammad Hunain Ahmed, Aira Tariq, Sami Ullah Khan Bahadur","doi":"10.56520/asj.v5i1.235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56520/asj.v5i1.235","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is mainly due to the presence of resistant genes. The objective of this study is to perform antibiotic susceptibility profiling and molecular detection of nuc and mecA genes of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from mastitic milk. A total of 105 milk samples were collected from dairy farms in the Faisalabad region. They were cultured on Staph-110 media and mannitol salt agar. Biochemical tests included catalase and coagulase, were also performed for the identification of Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotic susceptibility profiling of MRSA was done by disc diffusion method and molecular screening of Staphylococcus aureus for the detection of nuc and mecA genes was done by using PCR. Selected 8 antibiotics based on previous history being commonly used in dairy practices. The prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus observed by PCR was 58.09%. Oxacillin (1µg) and vancomycin (30µg) showed 100% resistance, while enrofloxacin (5µg), amoxicillin (25µg), ampicillin (10µg), oxytetracycline (1µg), gentamycin (10µg) and tylosin (30µg) showed 1.64, 55.74, 73.77, 13.11, 1.64 and 11.74% resistance, respectively. Susceptibility percentages of enrofloxacin (5µg), amoxicillin (25µg), ampicillin (10µg), oxytetracycline (1µg), gentamycin (10µg) and tylosin (30µg) were 27.87, 37.70, 14.75, 19.67, 98.36 and 9.84%, respectively. Enrofloxacin (5µg), amoxicillin (25µg), ampicillin (10µg), oxytetracycline (1µg) and tylosin (30µg) showed 70.49, 6.56, 11.47, 67.21 and 78.69% intermediate resistance against MRSA. Among the mastitic cases, 58.09% were positive for Staphylococcus aureus. These isolates were susceptible to gentamycin in 98.36% and tylosin in 78.69% cases, so these antibiotics can be used for the treatment of mastitis.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":11234,"journal":{"name":"Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal","volume":"77 21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85795295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Azam Zia, Ayesha Akram, Imran Mumtaz, Muhammad Asim Saleem, Muhammad Asif
Smart agriculture is a strategy for restructuring and reorganizing agricultural systems to ensure food security in the face of emerging climate change challenges. Diseases cause problems on agricultural development and yield and they're generally tough to control. It is necessary to have a precise diagnosis of the grape leaf diseases and preventative measures before time. In order to diagnose grape leaf diseases, this research suggests a novel recognition method that is based on enhanced convolutional neural networks. Firstly; addressed the grape leaf disease types into four categories such as Esca, black rot, Leaf Blight, and healthy which cause loss for grape industry every year. A large dataset of labeled images is collected and prepared for training. The images are typically pre-processed to enhance their features and remove any noise or artifacts that might interfere with the CNN's ability to recognize patterns. Data collection, data pre-processing, and image categorization are the three main phases of the study's approach. Secondly; Images are classified and mapped to their respective disease categories on the basis of three features namely, color and texture. Extensive experiments performed on MATLAB using CNN model AlexNet. The CNN training process used learning rate 0.0001 which produced better results and obtained better accuracy. Overall, an accurate diagnosis of grape leaf diseases and the implementation of effective preventative measures will help to reduce the impact of diseases on agricultural development and yield. This will help to ensure a sustainable and profitable grape production industry for farmers and communities.
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF GRAPE LEAF DISEASE BY USING DEEP CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK","authors":"Muhammad Azam Zia, Ayesha Akram, Imran Mumtaz, Muhammad Asim Saleem, Muhammad Asif","doi":"10.56520/asj.v5i1.242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56520/asj.v5i1.242","url":null,"abstract":"Smart agriculture is a strategy for restructuring and reorganizing agricultural systems to ensure food security in the face of emerging climate change challenges. Diseases cause problems on agricultural development and yield and they're generally tough to control. It is necessary to have a precise diagnosis of the grape leaf diseases and preventative measures before time. In order to diagnose grape leaf diseases, this research suggests a novel recognition method that is based on enhanced convolutional neural networks. Firstly; addressed the grape leaf disease types into four categories such as Esca, black rot, Leaf Blight, and healthy which cause loss for grape industry every year. A large dataset of labeled images is collected and prepared for training. The images are typically pre-processed to enhance their features and remove any noise or artifacts that might interfere with the CNN's ability to recognize patterns. Data collection, data pre-processing, and image categorization are the three main phases of the study's approach. Secondly; Images are classified and mapped to their respective disease categories on the basis of three features namely, color and texture. Extensive experiments performed on MATLAB using CNN model AlexNet. The CNN training process used learning rate 0.0001 which produced better results and obtained better accuracy. Overall, an accurate diagnosis of grape leaf diseases and the implementation of effective preventative measures will help to reduce the impact of diseases on agricultural development and yield. This will help to ensure a sustainable and profitable grape production industry for farmers and communities.","PeriodicalId":11234,"journal":{"name":"Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal","volume":"226 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76077794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anjum Ali, Muhammad Azam Zia, Muhammad Ahsan Latif, Sukana Zulfqar, Muhammad Asim
Early detection of plant diseases helps to prevent loss of productivity and overcomes the shortcomings of continuous human monitoring. To solve these problems, many researchers have already completed their work to identify the diseases automatically, rapidly, and with greater accuracy using deep learning methods. This research combines deep learning with agriculture by developing a system for identifying cotton boll rot. We used two states of art pre-trained models SSD with MobileNet-V2 and Faster R-CNN with Inception -V2, which can locate boll rot attacks in cotton crops. It will be determined how much damage our crops have sustained. The trained model achieved 65% and 89% accuracy, respectively. The accuracy results for disease identification demonstrated that the deep network model is prospective and can significantly influence effective disease identification. It may also have the potential for disease detection in real-world agricultural systems of interest, region proposal networks, convolutional neural networks; deep neural networks; bounding boxes; support vector machines.
{"title":"A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DEEP LEARNING TECHNIQUES FOR BOLL ROT DISEASE DETECTION IN COTTON CROPS","authors":"Anjum Ali, Muhammad Azam Zia, Muhammad Ahsan Latif, Sukana Zulfqar, Muhammad Asim","doi":"10.56520/asj.v5i1.253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56520/asj.v5i1.253","url":null,"abstract":"Early detection of plant diseases helps to prevent loss of productivity and overcomes the shortcomings of continuous human monitoring. To solve these problems, many researchers have already completed their work to identify the diseases automatically, rapidly, and with greater accuracy using deep learning methods. This research combines deep learning with agriculture by developing a system for identifying cotton boll rot. We used two states of art pre-trained models SSD with MobileNet-V2 and Faster R-CNN with Inception -V2, which can locate boll rot attacks in cotton crops. It will be determined how much damage our crops have sustained. The trained model achieved 65% and 89% accuracy, respectively. The accuracy results for disease identification demonstrated that the deep network model is prospective and can significantly influence effective disease identification. It may also have the potential for disease detection in real-world agricultural systems of interest, region proposal networks, convolutional neural networks; deep neural networks; bounding boxes; support vector machines.","PeriodicalId":11234,"journal":{"name":"Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78619655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The research was carried out to determine the effect of Populus deltoides trees on the soil physical and chemical properties and grain yield of wheat crop under the agro ecological conditions of Faisalabad (Punjab), Pakistan. Two fields were selected; one with wheat monoculture and the other had boundary trees of Populus deltoides. The average age of the s Populus trees was 5 years. Number of trees was 40 per acre. The average height and diameter at breast height of trees was 12 meters and 42.43 cm respectively. The wheat crop was sown in October, 2020 in both fields and harvested in April, 2021. A quadrate of one meter square was used to collect the data. The quadrate was put at various distances (2-24 meter) from tree stems and the plants growing there were harvested. The grain yield (gm-2) per quadrate was determined with the help of an electric weighing balance. The soil samples were selected from both fields and various chemical and physical properties of soil were determined. The soil pH was 7.32 and 7.95 in wheat monoculture and Populus+wheat field respectively. Total nitrogen was 0.05 and 0.08%in both fields respectively as mentioned above. Organic matter was 0.64 and 0.81 in wheat monoculture and Populus based field respectively. The effect of Populus trees on grain yield of wheat was negative form 2m to 10 meter distance from trees. While from 12m to 24 m distance, wheat grain yield was more or less equal in both fields i.e. with and without trees. Net income was Rs. 67437.69 and Rs. 104781.03 per acre without and with trees, respectively. On the basis of this research, it is concluded that wheat + Poplar is more suitable option for farmers. So farmers should adopt this system to generate more money while keeping the inputs same.
{"title":"SOIL PHYSICO CHEMICAL PROPERTIES, WHEAT GRAIN YIELD AND ECONOMICS OF POPULUS DELTOIDES BASED AGRO FORESTRY SYSTEM","authors":"Khayyam Anjum, Shahid Hafeez, Junaid Naseer, Hafiz Masood Ahmad, Talha Faridi, Muhammad Ayyoub Tanvir, Mehwish Kanwal","doi":"10.56520/asj.v5i1.251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56520/asj.v5i1.251","url":null,"abstract":"The research was carried out to determine the effect of Populus deltoides trees on the soil physical and chemical properties and grain yield of wheat crop under the agro ecological conditions of Faisalabad (Punjab), Pakistan. Two fields were selected; one with wheat monoculture and the other had boundary trees of Populus deltoides. The average age of the s Populus trees was 5 years. Number of trees was 40 per acre. The average height and diameter at breast height of trees was 12 meters and 42.43 cm respectively. The wheat crop was sown in October, 2020 in both fields and harvested in April, 2021. A quadrate of one meter square was used to collect the data. The quadrate was put at various distances (2-24 meter) from tree stems and the plants growing there were harvested. The grain yield (gm-2) per quadrate was determined with the help of an electric weighing balance. The soil samples were selected from both fields and various chemical and physical properties of soil were determined. The soil pH was 7.32 and 7.95 in wheat monoculture and Populus+wheat field respectively. Total nitrogen was 0.05 and 0.08%in both fields respectively as mentioned above. Organic matter was 0.64 and 0.81 in wheat monoculture and Populus based field respectively. The effect of Populus trees on grain yield of wheat was negative form 2m to 10 meter distance from trees. While from 12m to 24 m distance, wheat grain yield was more or less equal in both fields i.e. with and without trees. Net income was Rs. 67437.69 and Rs. 104781.03 per acre without and with trees, respectively. On the basis of this research, it is concluded that wheat + Poplar is more suitable option for farmers. So farmers should adopt this system to generate more money while keeping the inputs same.","PeriodicalId":11234,"journal":{"name":"Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85457387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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