Qaraman M.K. Koyee K. Koyee, Shamall M. A. Abdullah
The Cyprinidae fish’s gills are considered the permanent habitat for Dactylogyrids spp., common monogenean ectoparasites. This study aims to investigate the impact of monthly aquatic ecological dynamics on the diversity of Dactylogyrus. Moreover, the prevalence and species richness were correlated as well. A total of 140 fishes, representing 12 species from the family Cyprinidae, were collected from the Lesser Zab River, located in the northeast of Altuon-Kopri town, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. The study was conducted from August 2022 to July 2023. The collected fishes included: Acanthobrama marmid (37), Alburnus mossulensis (9), Barbus (B.) sharpey (5), Capoeta (C.) damascina (7), C. umbla (3), Carasobarbus luteus (10), Carassus (C.) auratus (13), C. carassus (3), Chondrostoma regium (18), Cyprinion macrostomum (5), Cyprinus carpio (26) and Luciobarbus xanthopterus (4). They were inspected weekly for diversity variation and richness of Dactylogyridis with different aquatic parameters such as pH, temperature, total dissolved salts (TDS) and electrical conductivity (EC). The collected data revealed the presence of various Dactylogyridis species with different prevalence and species richness. Monthly variations revealed that the highest species richness occurslowermost the lowermostoccurred in March 2023, and the lowest was observed in September 2022. According to aquatic parameters, only water temperature shows a significant negative correlation according to the species richness (p<0.05). In contrast, the other parameters show no significant correlation in accordance to the different months, monthly aquatic mean level of pH, TDS and EC were not correlated with species richness and prevalence of Dactylogyridis spp.
{"title":"Monthly Ecological Dynamics and Their Influence on the Prevalence and Species Richness of Dactylogyrus (Monogenea) Parasites in Fishes of the Lesser Zab Riv","authors":"Qaraman M.K. Koyee K. Koyee, Shamall M. A. Abdullah","doi":"10.52951/dasj.23150211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52951/dasj.23150211","url":null,"abstract":"The Cyprinidae fish’s gills are considered the permanent habitat for Dactylogyrids spp., common monogenean ectoparasites. This study aims to investigate the impact of monthly aquatic ecological dynamics on the diversity of Dactylogyrus. Moreover, the prevalence and species richness were correlated as well. A total of 140 fishes, representing 12 species from the family Cyprinidae, were collected from the Lesser Zab River, located in the northeast of Altuon-Kopri town, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. The study was conducted from August 2022 to July 2023. The collected fishes included: Acanthobrama marmid (37), Alburnus mossulensis (9), Barbus (B.) sharpey (5), Capoeta (C.) damascina (7), C. umbla (3), Carasobarbus luteus (10), Carassus (C.) auratus (13), C. carassus (3), Chondrostoma regium (18), Cyprinion macrostomum (5), Cyprinus carpio (26) and Luciobarbus xanthopterus (4). They were inspected weekly for diversity variation and richness of Dactylogyridis with different aquatic parameters such as pH, temperature, total dissolved salts (TDS) and electrical conductivity (EC). The collected data revealed the presence of various Dactylogyridis species with different prevalence and species richness. Monthly variations revealed that the highest species richness occurslowermost the lowermostoccurred in March 2023, and the lowest was observed in September 2022. According to aquatic parameters, only water temperature shows a significant negative correlation according to the species richness (p<0.05). In contrast, the other parameters show no significant correlation in accordance to the different months, monthly aquatic mean level of pH, TDS and EC were not correlated with species richness and prevalence of Dactylogyridis spp.","PeriodicalId":11234,"journal":{"name":"Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal","volume":" 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139138473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hussaini Yusuf Ibrahim, Umar Ibrahim, A. A. Khidir, Abdullahi Sani
The study analyzed farmers' level of adoption and perception of phosphorus based fertilizers for cowpea production in Katsina state, Nigeria. A total of 153 cowpea farmers were sampled using a multi-stage sampling technique. Primary data was utilized in the study. The data was collected using a structured questionnaire by trained enumerators. Descriptive statistics, Kendalls’ coefficient of concordance and acceptability index were employed for data analysis. The results showed that the mean age for cowpea farmers was 41 years. Distribution of the respondents by gender reveals that 85.6% were males and the remaining 14.4% were females. The result of farmers’ perception of phosphorus-based fertilizer used shows a moderate agreement of 0.30 which indicates different perceptions among respondents. The study further revealed that the acceptability index of 6.54% was very alarming because cowpea farmers committed a small portion of their farmland toward adopting the technology. The level of knowledge of the cowpea farmers on phosphorus based fertilizers was very low, leading to a very low level of acceptance of phosphorus fertilizers in the study area. It was recommended that be made available and affordable to the cowpea farmers as this will increase the rate of technology adoption in the study area.
{"title":"Level of Adoption and Perception of Farmers on Phosphorus Based Fertilizers for Cowpea Production in Katsina State, Nigeria","authors":"Hussaini Yusuf Ibrahim, Umar Ibrahim, A. A. Khidir, Abdullahi Sani","doi":"10.52951/dasj.23150204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52951/dasj.23150204","url":null,"abstract":"The study analyzed farmers' level of adoption and perception of phosphorus based fertilizers for cowpea production in Katsina state, Nigeria. A total of 153 cowpea farmers were sampled using a multi-stage sampling technique. Primary data was utilized in the study. The data was collected using a structured questionnaire by trained enumerators. Descriptive statistics, Kendalls’ coefficient of concordance and acceptability index were employed for data analysis. The results showed that the mean age for cowpea farmers was 41 years. Distribution of the respondents by gender reveals that 85.6% were males and the remaining 14.4% were females. The result of farmers’ perception of phosphorus-based fertilizer used shows a moderate agreement of 0.30 which indicates different perceptions among respondents. The study further revealed that the acceptability index of 6.54% was very alarming because cowpea farmers committed a small portion of their farmland toward adopting the technology. The level of knowledge of the cowpea farmers on phosphorus based fertilizers was very low, leading to a very low level of acceptance of phosphorus fertilizers in the study area. It was recommended that be made available and affordable to the cowpea farmers as this will increase the rate of technology adoption in the study area.","PeriodicalId":11234,"journal":{"name":"Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal","volume":" 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139141724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pulse beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus is a worldwide severe pests of pulse grains in the storage conditions. Considering the negative consequences of synthetic chemicals used against C. maculatus, effectiveness of various high temperatures were evaluated against it under lab conditions. The Classic® 1080 series laboratory oven (HT Company (Ilford) Ltd. UK) was used to get the desired temperatures of 40, 45, 50, 55, and 60ºC. Five pairs of freshly emerged C. maculatus adults were placed with twenty cowpea seeds in a petri dish were used for each temperature regime for five exposure times i.e., 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 minutes. Data on adult mortality was observed after 24-hours. Results confirmed the effective of high temperatures against adult C. maculatus as 100% mortality of the targeted adults was recorded within 10 minutes at 60°C, whereas it took 40- and 50-minutes to kill 100% of the adults at 55 and 50°C, respectively. The LT50 values of required temperature against C. maculatus at various exposure timings ranged between 43.544°C at 50 minutes exposure to 48.994°C at 10 minutes exposure, whereas overall minimum and maximum fiducial limits for LT50 temperatures were ranged between 42.845 to 49.655°C. No negative impact of high temperatures was also recorded on the germination percentage of cowpea seeds as germination success recorded at various high temperatures was not significantly different from the control cowpea seeds.
{"title":"EFFECTIVENESS OF HIGH TEMPERATURES AGAINST CALLOSOBRUCHUS MACULATUS (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) ADULTS","authors":"Arfan Ahmed Gilal","doi":"10.56520/asj.v5i2.238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56520/asj.v5i2.238","url":null,"abstract":"Pulse beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus is a worldwide severe pests of pulse grains in the storage conditions. Considering the negative consequences of synthetic chemicals used against C. maculatus, effectiveness of various high temperatures were evaluated against it under lab conditions. The Classic® 1080 series laboratory oven (HT Company (Ilford) Ltd. UK) was used to get the desired temperatures of 40, 45, 50, 55, and 60ºC. Five pairs of freshly emerged C. maculatus adults were placed with twenty cowpea seeds in a petri dish were used for each temperature regime for five exposure times i.e., 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 minutes. Data on adult mortality was observed after 24-hours. Results confirmed the effective of high temperatures against adult C. maculatus as 100% mortality of the targeted adults was recorded within 10 minutes at 60°C, whereas it took 40- and 50-minutes to kill 100% of the adults at 55 and 50°C, respectively. The LT50 values of required temperature against C. maculatus at various exposure timings ranged between 43.544°C at 50 minutes exposure to 48.994°C at 10 minutes exposure, whereas overall minimum and maximum fiducial limits for LT50 temperatures were ranged between 42.845 to 49.655°C. No negative impact of high temperatures was also recorded on the germination percentage of cowpea seeds as germination success recorded at various high temperatures was not significantly different from the control cowpea seeds.","PeriodicalId":11234,"journal":{"name":"Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal","volume":"176 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73168063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Manzoor, Touqeer Ahmad, Muhammad Saqib Naveed, Asif Ur Rehman, Muhammad Ajmal Bashir, Rafiq Ahmad, Naeem Akhtar
Colchicine is one of the important aqueous solutions that has been used to induce mutation or ploidy in many plant species long ago. However, its proper concentrations plays a vital role, increased or inappropriate concentrations may cause mortality, stunted growth, morphological deformation, etc. in plant species. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate the different colchicine concentrations on the growth and development of gladiolus corms. Gladiolus corms were treated with 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.6% concentrations for 24 hours. Colchicine toxicity was evaluated during the early growth stage showed a higher concentration of 0.6% significantly reduced corm survival (47%) and caused a 51.9% survival reduction over control. In terms of growth parameters, all concentrations of colchicine reduced plant height with a number of leaves along with inducing different forms of morphological abnormalities and chlorophyll mutants. To optimize the dose for successful ploidy induction, LD30 and LD50 on mortality rate through an analysis were calculated to be 0.31% and 0.57% whereas GR50 based on plant height and the number of leaves reduction was found to be 0.17% and 0.34%. Hence, the results from this study could be used in the future for further breeding programs by reducing the genotoxicity of colchicine on gladiolus.
{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF BIOLOGICAL DAMAGE AND TOXIC POTENCY OF COLCHICINE IN GLADIOLUS (GLADIOLUS GRANDIFLORUS) PLANTS","authors":"A. Manzoor, Touqeer Ahmad, Muhammad Saqib Naveed, Asif Ur Rehman, Muhammad Ajmal Bashir, Rafiq Ahmad, Naeem Akhtar","doi":"10.56520/asj.v5i2.259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56520/asj.v5i2.259","url":null,"abstract":"Colchicine is one of the important aqueous solutions that has been used to induce mutation or ploidy in many plant species long ago. However, its proper concentrations plays a vital role, increased or inappropriate concentrations may cause mortality, stunted growth, morphological deformation, etc. in plant species. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate the different colchicine concentrations on the growth and development of gladiolus corms. Gladiolus corms were treated with 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.6% concentrations for 24 hours. Colchicine toxicity was evaluated during the early growth stage showed a higher concentration of 0.6% significantly reduced corm survival (47%) and caused a 51.9% survival reduction over control. In terms of growth parameters, all concentrations of colchicine reduced plant height with a number of leaves along with inducing different forms of morphological abnormalities and chlorophyll mutants. To optimize the dose for successful ploidy induction, LD30 and LD50 on mortality rate through an analysis were calculated to be 0.31% and 0.57% whereas GR50 based on plant height and the number of leaves reduction was found to be 0.17% and 0.34%. Hence, the results from this study could be used in the future for further breeding programs by reducing the genotoxicity of colchicine on gladiolus.","PeriodicalId":11234,"journal":{"name":"Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78594872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Agroforestry is a viable land-use option of salt affected soils which ensure the remunerative use of this valuable resource. A two years pot study was carried out to evaluate salinity tolerance of tamarind fruit plant against different levels of salinity and sodicity. Treatments included were: T1 = ECe, 1.17 dS m-1 + SAR, 10.87, T2 = ECe, 6 dS m-1 + SAR, 25, T3 = ECe, 6 dS m-1 + SAR, 35, T4 = ECe, 6 dS m-1 + SAR, 45, T5 = ECe, 8 dS m-1 + SAR, 25, T6 = ECe, 8 dS m-1 + SAR, 35, T7 = ECe, 8 dS m-1 + SAR, 45, T8 = ECe, 10 dS m-1 + SAR, 25, T9 = ECe, 10 dS m-1 + SAR, 35, T10 = ECe, 10 dS m-1 + SAR, 45. Results revealed that no plant was survived at higher level of salinity (10 dS m-1) and sodicity (SAR 45) and complete cessation and mortality was observed in this treatment. Data of survived plants at the end of study showed that salinity and sodicity arrested the growth variables of tamarind seedlings and increasing levels of salinity-sodicity led a reduction of 3.52% to 82.47% in plant height, 1.53% to 84.61% in stem girth, 5.63% to 88.26% in number of leaves and 7.44 to 90.77 in number of branches over control (non-stress) treatment. Therefore, it was concluded that tamarind seedling can withstand and survive at salinity and sodicity level of 10 dS m-1 and SAR 35.
农林业是受盐影响土壤的一种可行的土地利用办法，可确保对这一宝贵资源的有益利用。通过两年盆栽试验，评价了罗望子植株对不同盐度和碱度的耐盐性。治疗方法包括:T1 = ECe dS 1.17 m - 1 + SAR, 10.87, T2 = ECe 6 dS m - 1 + SAR, 25日,T3 = ECe 6 dS m - 1 + SAR, 35岁,T4 = ECe 6 dS m - 1 + SAR, 45岁的T5 = ECe, 8 d m - 1 + SAR, 25日,T6 = ECe, 8 d m - 1 + SAR, 35岁的T7 = ECe, 8 d m - 1 + SAR, 45岁,T8 = ECe、10 dS m - 1 + SAR, 25日,T9 = ECe 10 dS m - 1 + SAR, 35岁的T10 = ECe 10 dS m - 1 + SAR, 45。结果表明，在更高的盐度(10 dS - m-1)和碱度(SAR - 45)条件下，没有植株存活，植株完全停止生长并死亡。研究结束时成活植株的数据表明，盐度和碱度抑制了罗望子幼苗的生长变量，与对照(非胁迫)处理相比，盐度和碱度的升高导致罗望子株高降低3.52% ~ 82.47%，茎长降低1.53% ~ 84.61%，叶片数降低5.63% ~ 88.26%，分枝数降低7.44% ~ 90.77%。综上所述，罗望子幼苗在10 dS - m-1的盐碱度和35的盐碱度下均能耐受并存活。
{"title":"GROWTH PERORMANCE OF TAMARIND (Tamarindus indica L.) SEEDLINGS TO DIFFERENT LEVELS OF SALINITY AND SODICITY","authors":"Khalil Ahmed","doi":"10.56520/asj.v5i2.176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56520/asj.v5i2.176","url":null,"abstract":"Agroforestry is a viable land-use option of salt affected soils which ensure the remunerative use of this valuable resource. A two years pot study was carried out to evaluate salinity tolerance of tamarind fruit plant against different levels of salinity and sodicity. Treatments included were: T1 = ECe, 1.17 dS m-1 + SAR, 10.87, T2 = ECe, 6 dS m-1 + SAR, 25, T3 = ECe, 6 dS m-1 + SAR, 35, T4 = ECe, 6 dS m-1 + SAR, 45, T5 = ECe, 8 dS m-1 + SAR, 25, T6 = ECe, 8 dS m-1 + SAR, 35, T7 = ECe, 8 dS m-1 + SAR, 45, T8 = ECe, 10 dS m-1 + SAR, 25, T9 = ECe, 10 dS m-1 + SAR, 35, T10 = ECe, 10 dS m-1 + SAR, 45. Results revealed that no plant was survived at higher level of salinity (10 dS m-1) and sodicity (SAR 45) and complete cessation and mortality was observed in this treatment. Data of survived plants at the end of study showed that salinity and sodicity arrested the growth variables of tamarind seedlings and increasing levels of salinity-sodicity led a reduction of 3.52% to 82.47% in plant height, 1.53% to 84.61% in stem girth, 5.63% to 88.26% in number of leaves and 7.44 to 90.77 in number of branches over control (non-stress) treatment. Therefore, it was concluded that tamarind seedling can withstand and survive at salinity and sodicity level of 10 dS m-1 and SAR 35. ","PeriodicalId":11234,"journal":{"name":"Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76023650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Usman Asif, Raza Muhammad, Muhammad Awais, Javed Asgher Tariq
Sowing time has a significant role in minimizing insect pest damage by disrupting synchronization between host plant and insect life cycle. The effect of different times of sowing viz. April, May and June designated as early, intermediate and late was determined on the ability of four cotton genotypes (NIA-30, NIA-88, NIA-98 and Sadori) to resist sucking insect pests and bollworms. Cotton genotypes were sown on the 15th of each month. The results showed that the planting time had pronounced effect on the infestation of insect pests. April sown cotton had a higher infestation of jassid compared to May and June sown cotton. The occurrence of thrips was recorded highest in the May sowing followed by April. Infestation of whiteflies and spotted bollworm was negligible on all the genotypes and were below the economic threshold levels during the entire period of observation. Furthermore, April sown cotton showed the higher infestation of spotted and pink bollworms. Among the tested genotypes in different sowing times, they exhibited similarity in insect pest abundance, except for jassid population which significantly differed in May sown genotypes. Concerning yield, April sowing yielded the most at 2107.7 kg/ha, followed by May (1917.6 kg/ha) and June (801.7 kg/ha). Notably, NIA-88 followed by Sadori consistently yielded the highest across all sowing times compared to the other two genotypes. This study indicates that sowing of cotton varieties in April is recommended for achieving higher yields.
{"title":"SOWING TIME OPTIMIZATION FOR INSECT PEST MANAGEMENT AND ENHANCED CROP YIELD IN COTTON","authors":"Muhammad Usman Asif, Raza Muhammad, Muhammad Awais, Javed Asgher Tariq","doi":"10.56520/asj.v5i2.286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56520/asj.v5i2.286","url":null,"abstract":"Sowing time has a significant role in minimizing insect pest damage by disrupting synchronization between host plant and insect life cycle. The effect of different times of sowing viz. April, May and June designated as early, intermediate and late was determined on the ability of four cotton genotypes (NIA-30, NIA-88, NIA-98 and Sadori) to resist sucking insect pests and bollworms. Cotton genotypes were sown on the 15th of each month. The results showed that the planting time had pronounced effect on the infestation of insect pests. April sown cotton had a higher infestation of jassid compared to May and June sown cotton. The occurrence of thrips was recorded highest in the May sowing followed by April. Infestation of whiteflies and spotted bollworm was negligible on all the genotypes and were below the economic threshold levels during the entire period of observation. Furthermore, April sown cotton showed the higher infestation of spotted and pink bollworms. Among the tested genotypes in different sowing times, they exhibited similarity in insect pest abundance, except for jassid population which significantly differed in May sown genotypes. Concerning yield, April sowing yielded the most at 2107.7 kg/ha, followed by May (1917.6 kg/ha) and June (801.7 kg/ha). Notably, NIA-88 followed by Sadori consistently yielded the highest across all sowing times compared to the other two genotypes. This study indicates that sowing of cotton varieties in April is recommended for achieving higher yields.","PeriodicalId":11234,"journal":{"name":"Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal","volume":"166 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73603520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There is a considerable gap between demand and supply of edible oil in Pakistan. The Government fills the gap by importing edible oils from other countries, costing billions of dollars. Efforts to boost oilseed crop yields at the federal and provincial levels have remained largely unsuccessful. This study compares the profitability of oilseed crops with its competing crops to find out factors that will aid in the sustainable adoption of oilseed crops. Primary Data were collected from 120 randomly selected farmers. Among 120 farmers, 60 were those growing oilseed crops, and rest were those growing crops other than oilseed crops. The determinants impacting the sustainable adoption of oilseed crops were identified using logistic regression. It was found that education, farming experience, subsidy, availability of quality seed and quality pesticides, availability of loans, and water availability issue were the factors that have a positive impact on oilseed crops adoption. Low-market-price, high-cost-of-fertilizer were the factors that decreased the adoption of oilseed crops.
{"title":"FACTORS AFFECTING THE SUSTAINABLE ADOPTION OF OILSEED CROPS IN PUNJAB: A CASE STUDY OF DISTRICT LAYYAH","authors":"Abdual Rehman, Umair Saeed, Nasir Nadeem, Umer Ijaz Ahmad, Samra Naseem","doi":"10.56520/asj.v5i2.261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56520/asj.v5i2.261","url":null,"abstract":"There is a considerable gap between demand and supply of edible oil in Pakistan. The Government fills the gap by importing edible oils from other countries, costing billions of dollars. Efforts to boost oilseed crop yields at the federal and provincial levels have remained largely unsuccessful. This study compares the profitability of oilseed crops with its competing crops to find out factors that will aid in the sustainable adoption of oilseed crops. Primary Data were collected from 120 randomly selected farmers. Among 120 farmers, 60 were those growing oilseed crops, and rest were those growing crops other than oilseed crops. The determinants impacting the sustainable adoption of oilseed crops were identified using logistic regression. It was found that education, farming experience, subsidy, availability of quality seed and quality pesticides, availability of loans, and water availability issue were the factors that have a positive impact on oilseed crops adoption. Low-market-price, high-cost-of-fertilizer were the factors that decreased the adoption of oilseed crops.","PeriodicalId":11234,"journal":{"name":"Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85897828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Agonistic relationships in plant-pollinator assemblages are poorly understood as compared to mutualistic relationships. We estimated the floral resource competition in terms of seasonal trophic niche breadth and overlap among the guild of six most frequent bee species i.e., Ceratina smaragdula, Lasioglossum sp., Ceylalictus sp., Halictus sp., Apis dorsata and Apis florea in Bahawalpur (Punjab), Pakistan. The species exhibiting the maximum niche breadth had the minimum abundance in spring and summer seasons. The niche breadth of two solitary bees i.e., Lasioglossum sp. and C. smaragdula was higher than the social A. florae but they were much less abundant. Ceratina smaragdula showed the maximum pair-wise niche overlap with A. florea and Halictus sp. in spring and with Ceylalictus sp. in summer. Apis florea and A. dorsata had the maximum pair-wise niche overlap in both the autumn and winter seasons. No significant pair-wise niche overlap and interspecific competition was observed among all the six species in any season. This shows that pollination system in arid Bahawalpur is stable and less prone to competition and species loss.
{"title":"SEASONAL TROPHIC NICHE BREADTH AND OVERLAP IN A GUILD OF SIX MOST FREQUENT BEE SPECIES IN BAHAWALPUR, PAKISTAN","authors":"Asif Sajjad","doi":"10.56520/asj.v5i2.267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56520/asj.v5i2.267","url":null,"abstract":"Agonistic relationships in plant-pollinator assemblages are poorly understood as compared to mutualistic relationships. We estimated the floral resource competition in terms of seasonal trophic niche breadth and overlap among the guild of six most frequent bee species i.e., Ceratina smaragdula, Lasioglossum sp., Ceylalictus sp., Halictus sp., Apis dorsata and Apis florea in Bahawalpur (Punjab), Pakistan. The species exhibiting the maximum niche breadth had the minimum abundance in spring and summer seasons. The niche breadth of two solitary bees i.e., Lasioglossum sp. and C. smaragdula was higher than the social A. florae but they were much less abundant. Ceratina smaragdula showed the maximum pair-wise niche overlap with A. florea and Halictus sp. in spring and with Ceylalictus sp. in summer. Apis florea and A. dorsata had the maximum pair-wise niche overlap in both the autumn and winter seasons. No significant pair-wise niche overlap and interspecific competition was observed among all the six species in any season. This shows that pollination system in arid Bahawalpur is stable and less prone to competition and species loss.","PeriodicalId":11234,"journal":{"name":"Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83646475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hafiza Madiha Jaffar, Wardah Ahsan, Khunsha Aqeel, Rida Sajjad, Marwa Tariq, Humaira Ahmed, Noor Fatima
Late night eating is characterized by eating after 10 pm or eating 2 hours before sleep at least 3 times per week, it is also characterized by the number of late-night eating episodes and the proportion of total daily calories consumed during the eating episode. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between late-night eating habits and various health issues among individuals from multiple universities in Pakistan. Data was collected from over 15 universities, including the University of Lahore, Comsats University, Bahria University, Punjab University, Karachi University, and de Montmorency College of Dentistry. A non-probability convenient sampling technique was employed to select more than 150 participants for data collection. Participants were evaluated using a pre-tested questionnaire. Dietary choices, circadian rhythms, psychological stress, and social influences are just a few of the things that have an impact on late-night eating habits and the health problems that go along with them. The results of the study indicated that a significant proportion of the participants experienced health issues as a result of their late-night eating habits. Among the observed health issues, headache was the most prevalent, affecting 75% of the participants, followed by sleep disorders (66%), depression (63%), and acidity (59%). In contrast, a lower percentage of individuals reported issues such as diarrhea (29%), vomiting (25%), and piles (21%). For late night eating, majority of the participants approximately 95 % were preferring consuming meals, fried foods and confectionary items for late night snacking and the least consumption was observed of corn and popcorn that accounted for 60 %.and 57 % respectively. It was concluded that late night eating is associated with many digestive, metabolic and psychological issues that have a negative impact on overall health of an individual. The increase in frequency and size of late-night eating in adolescence and adulthood will lead them towards an unhealthy aging.
{"title":"EFFECT OF LATE-NIGHT EATING ON HEALTH: A SURVEY FROM UNIVERSITY STUDENTS","authors":"Hafiza Madiha Jaffar, Wardah Ahsan, Khunsha Aqeel, Rida Sajjad, Marwa Tariq, Humaira Ahmed, Noor Fatima","doi":"10.56520/asj.v5i2.276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56520/asj.v5i2.276","url":null,"abstract":"Late night eating is characterized by eating after 10 pm or eating 2 hours before sleep at least 3 times per week, it is also characterized by the number of late-night eating episodes and the proportion of total daily calories consumed during the eating episode. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between late-night eating habits and various health issues among individuals from multiple universities in Pakistan. Data was collected from over 15 universities, including the University of Lahore, Comsats University, Bahria University, Punjab University, Karachi University, and de Montmorency College of Dentistry. A non-probability convenient sampling technique was employed to select more than 150 participants for data collection. Participants were evaluated using a pre-tested questionnaire. Dietary choices, circadian rhythms, psychological stress, and social influences are just a few of the things that have an impact on late-night eating habits and the health problems that go along with them. The results of the study indicated that a significant proportion of the participants experienced health issues as a result of their late-night eating habits. Among the observed health issues, headache was the most prevalent, affecting 75% of the participants, followed by sleep disorders (66%), depression (63%), and acidity (59%). In contrast, a lower percentage of individuals reported issues such as diarrhea (29%), vomiting (25%), and piles (21%). For late night eating, majority of the participants approximately 95 % were preferring consuming meals, fried foods and confectionary items for late night snacking and the least consumption was observed of corn and popcorn that accounted for 60 %.and 57 % respectively. It was concluded that late night eating is associated with many digestive, metabolic and psychological issues that have a negative impact on overall health of an individual. The increase in frequency and size of late-night eating in adolescence and adulthood will lead them towards an unhealthy aging.","PeriodicalId":11234,"journal":{"name":"Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72914643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Ahsan Shah, Irfan Ashraf Manj, Junaid Naseer, K. Anjum, Shahid Hafeez, Hafiz Masood Ahmad, Talha Faridi
Birds and Rodents can cause significant damage to grain stores in developing countries, affecting the food security and income of small-holder farmers. Methods for assessing storage losses by rodents under small-holder conditions will help farmers and policy makers understand the impact rodents may have on food security, nutrition, and health. The present study aimed to determine the different damage patterns by birds and rodents in grain storage in Bahawalpur, Pakistan. The study was conducted between August 2021 and February 2022. Twelve grain stores were selected for the observations based on environmental conditions and storage types. Damage patterns were observed through scan sampling by directly observing the damage patterns in terms of grain spreading, fecal contamination, hair contamination, packaging injuries, and feather presence. For loss assessment, the Bowls with known quantities (about 2kg) of grains were placed within grain storage and periodically monitored for weight loss, fecal contamination, and percentage of birds and rodent- damaged grains. The bowels were weighted before and after rodents or bird attack and difference in weight were used to calculate percentages losses. Grain spreading was observed as main damage pattern by birds. Its percentage was measured as 68%, followed by fecal droppings (14%), packaging injuries (13%), and feather presence (5%). Rodents main damage pattern was also grain spreading (47%), followed by packaging injuries (23%), fecal droppings (20%), and presence of hair (10%). Estimates of grain losses in the absence of measures were 23.1% annually. These losses were reduced when rodent control was implemented. So, by implementing control methods and propers storage strategies and using good quality packaging material the rodents and birds losses can be reduced.
{"title":"DAMAGE PATTERNS OF DIFFERENT BIRDS AND RODENT SPECIES IN GRAIN STORAGES IN BAHAWALPUR, PAKISTAN","authors":"Muhammad Ahsan Shah, Irfan Ashraf Manj, Junaid Naseer, K. Anjum, Shahid Hafeez, Hafiz Masood Ahmad, Talha Faridi","doi":"10.56520/asj.v5i2.270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56520/asj.v5i2.270","url":null,"abstract":"Birds and Rodents can cause significant damage to grain stores in developing countries, affecting the food security and income of small-holder farmers. Methods for assessing storage losses by rodents under small-holder conditions will help farmers and policy makers understand the impact rodents may have on food security, nutrition, and health. The present study aimed to determine the different damage patterns by birds and rodents in grain storage in Bahawalpur, Pakistan. The study was conducted between August 2021 and February 2022. Twelve grain stores were selected for the observations based on environmental conditions and storage types. Damage patterns were observed through scan sampling by directly observing the damage patterns in terms of grain spreading, fecal contamination, hair contamination, packaging injuries, and feather presence. For loss assessment, the Bowls with known quantities (about 2kg) of grains were placed within grain storage and periodically monitored for weight loss, fecal contamination, and percentage of birds and rodent- damaged grains. The bowels were weighted before and after rodents or bird attack and difference in weight were used to calculate percentages losses. Grain spreading was observed as main damage pattern by birds. Its percentage was measured as 68%, followed by fecal droppings (14%), packaging injuries (13%), and feather presence (5%). Rodents main damage pattern was also grain spreading (47%), followed by packaging injuries (23%), fecal droppings (20%), and presence of hair (10%). Estimates of grain losses in the absence of measures were 23.1% annually. These losses were reduced when rodent control was implemented. So, by implementing control methods and propers storage strategies and using good quality packaging material the rodents and birds losses can be reduced.","PeriodicalId":11234,"journal":{"name":"Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84897212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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