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IMPACT OF ATRAZINE AND BROMOXYNIL ON THE COLONY FORMING UNITS (CFU) OF SOIL BACTERIA 阿特拉津和溴腈对土壤细菌菌落形成单位(cfu)的影响
Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.56520/asj.v5i2.249
Syed Majid Rasheed
According to overwhelmingly positive effects throughout time, herbicide treatment has become a crucial component of thriving agricultural output worldwide. However, its detrimental effects on non-target soil microorganisms involved in the nitrogen cycle, nutrient degradation, and organic matter breakdown must be considered. In the current study, the consequences of the two (2) herbicides that are most often used in Pakistan, Atrazine and Bromoxynil, were evaluated on soil bacteria over the course of fifteen consecutive days (exposure period). Recommended field rate of herbicide application was followed (i.e. active ingredient of 6.17 mg for Atrazine and 2.4 mg for Bromoxynil per gm of soil). During the investigations half and double recommended doses of these herbicides were used. Time interval of 5, 10 and 15 days were used to determine the bacterial populations. Statistical analysis of the investigation revealed that the bacterial population did not exhibit any appreciable variations in relation to the exposure duration (p 0.05). The Atrazine application along with the herbicide treatments, reduced the bacterial population during all the tested interval durations with just half of the suggested field rate. The current study reflected that apart from the benefit of herbicides in controlling weeds these chemicals also effect bacterial population that is a serious issue for present and future agriculture. Further, the same study needs to be perform under field conditions to confirm the finding of laboratory results before issuing solid recommendations to the farming community.
根据长期以来压倒性的积极影响,除草剂处理已成为全球农业产量蓬勃发展的关键组成部分。然而,它对参与氮循环、养分降解和有机质分解的非目标土壤微生物的不利影响必须加以考虑。在目前的研究中,在连续15天(暴露期)的过程中,评估了巴基斯坦最常用的两种除草剂阿特拉津(Atrazine)和溴霉尼(Bromoxynil)对土壤细菌的影响。遵循推荐的田间除草剂施用量(即每克土壤有效成分为阿特拉津6.17毫克和溴硝腈2.4毫克)。在调查期间,这些除草剂的使用剂量是推荐剂量的一半和两倍。时间间隔为5、10和15 d,测定细菌数量。调查的统计分析显示,细菌种群没有表现出与暴露时间相关的任何明显变化(p 0.05)。在所有测试间隔时间内,阿特拉津与除草剂一起施用,减少了细菌数量,仅为建议田间率的一半。目前的研究表明,除了除草剂在控制杂草方面的好处外,这些化学物质还会影响细菌数量,这对当前和未来的农业来说是一个严重的问题。此外,同样的研究需要在实地条件下进行,以确认实验室结果的发现,然后再向农业社区提出可靠的建议。
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引用次数: 0
ECOBIOLOGY OF CHINKARA (GAZELLA BENNETTII) IN BOTH CAPTIVE AND WILD HABITAT OF LALSUHANRA NATIONAL PARK, BAHWALPUR, PAKISTAN 巴基斯坦巴哈瓦尔布尔lalsuhanra国家公园野生和圈养生境中金卡拉的生态生物学
Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.56520/asj.v5i2.271
K. Anjum, H. M. Bilal, Irfan Ashraf Manj, J. Naseer, S. Hafeez, Hafiz Masood Ahmad, Talha Faridi
Organisms, such as Chinkara (Gazellabennettii), which do not have adequate opportunities to express normal behaviour in captivity, exhibit more prominent morphology, feeding habits, and breeding behaviour in the wild than in captivity. The current study aimed to detect the alterations in behaviour patterns in both wild and confined settings in LalSuhanra National Park, Pakistan between August 2021 and February 2022. The criteria under investigation included morphological patterns, food and feeding habits, vigilance, resting, grooming, defecation/urination frequency, time spent together (Male-Female), grouping, being alone, affinitive interaction, agonistic activity, mounting frequency, and mounting number, amongst other factors. The results showed significant differences among the animals residing in captive and wild habitat. The wild habitat provided a variety of shrubs, herbs and trees for natural vegetation of Chinkara, while the captive Chinkra were feed by Park staff, that resulted in brighter color and wild animals were healthier in terms of height and weight. The level of vigilance in the captive population (11.2%) was greater than in the wild population (9.6%). Observations of resting were more common in the captive group (14.7%) than in the wild population (6.6%). Mounting happened considerably more often in the wild (1.5%) than in captivity (1%), and this difference was statistically significant. The grooming behaviour was less often seen in the wild population (4.1%) than captive population (7.4%). This research found that if a captive Chinkara population is housed in an enclosure with suitable gender relationships and environmental disturbance is kept to a bare minimum, the captive Chinkara population may be as prolific as the wild population in terms of health, behaviors, and reproduction.
像金卡拉(Gazellabennettii)这样的生物,在圈养环境中没有足够的机会表现出正常的行为,在野外比在圈养环境中表现出更突出的形态、食性和繁殖行为。目前的研究旨在检测2021年8月至2022年2月期间巴基斯坦LalSuhanra国家公园野生和受限环境中行为模式的变化。调查的标准包括形态模式、食物和摄食习惯、警惕性、休息、梳理、排便/排尿频率、在一起的时间(雄性-雌性)、分组、独处、亲和相互作用、激动活性、爬上次数和爬上数量,以及其他因素。结果表明,圈养生境和野生生境的动物在这方面存在显著差异。野生栖息地为Chinkra的自然植被提供了各种灌木、草本和树木,而圈养的Chinkra则由公园工作人员喂养,这使得Chinkra的颜色更鲜艳,野生动物在身高和体重方面都更健康。圈养种群的警惕性(11.2%)高于野生种群(9.6%)。圈养群体(14.7%)比野生群体(6.6%)更常观察到休息。在野外(1.5%)比圈养(1%)发生的次数要多得多,这种差异在统计学上是显著的。野生种群(4.1%)比圈养种群(7.4%)更少出现梳理行为。本研究发现,如果圈养的钦卡拉种群被关在一个有合适性别关系的圈养场所,并且将环境干扰保持在最低限度,那么圈养的钦卡拉种群在健康、行为和繁殖方面可能与野生种群一样多。
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引用次数: 0
Study of Combining Ability Analysis in Cherry Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme) 樱桃番茄配合力分析研究
Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.52951/dasj.23150106
Othman Khalid Alwan, Mohammad Salman Mohammed
The study aimed to show the best effect of the general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) for parents and their hybrids of the studied traits. The study included two main successive seasons. In the first season, cherry tomato pure lines were selected that were introduced from the Tomato Genetics Resource Center (TGRC) at University of California, Davis in USA, 5 pure lines were selected which were the most genetically Distant which are (LA4451, LA4753, LA3334, LA1221 and LA4689) and its code (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5) respectively and entered into Full Diallel crossing program to produce individual crosses. The second season included an experiment to compare genotypes (5 parents + 20 cross-hybrids. and its reciprocal hybrids) according to RCBD design with three replications. The results were as follows: parents 1 showed a general significant ability to combine in the desired direction in terms of fruit set percentage and fruit weight, while the superiority of parent 4 in terms of plant yield and total yield. The parent 5 was superior in the number of flowers in the inflorescence, the number of total flowers of the plant and the number of fruits, whereas the hybrid (5×1) showed superiority in the number of flowers in the inflorescence 35.667, number of total flowers 259.66, the percentage of the set 15.69 and the number of fruits 86.83. (1×4) appeared significant effect of (SCA) were shown significant and desirable in the traits average fruit weight 1.47, plant yield 0.55 and total yield 0.69.
本研究旨在揭示所研究性状的一般配合力(GCA)和特异配合力(SCA)在亲本及其杂交种上的最佳效果。这项研究包括两个连续的主要季节。第一季,选取从美国加州大学戴维斯分校番茄遗传资源中心(TGRC)引进的樱桃番茄纯系,分别选取遗传距离最远的5个纯系(LA4451、LA4753、LA3334、LA1221和LA4689)及其编码(1、2、3、4和5),进入完全双列杂交程序进行单交。第二季包括基因型比较实验(5个亲本+ 20个杂交杂交种)。和它的反向杂交)按照RCBD设计,有三个重复。结果表明:亲本1在坐果率和单果重方面具有普遍显著的组合能力,亲本4在单株产量和总产量方面具有优势;亲本5在花序花数、植株总花数和果实数方面表现出优势,杂种(5×1)在花序花数35.667、总花数259.66、结实率15.69、果实数86.83方面表现出优势。(1×4)对单株平均单果重1.47、单株产量0.55和总产量0.69的影响显著且理想。
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引用次数: 0
Selection of Drought-Tolerant Pasture Species under Varying Soil and Moisture Conditions in Bauchi State, Nigeria 尼日利亚包奇州不同土壤和水分条件下耐旱牧草品种的选择
Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.52951/dasj.23150109
Amarachi G. Nwokocha, S. Idris, Yunusa M. Ishiaku
Livestock production is an agricultural system that serves as humanity’s protein and calorie source. Its production is the main economic stay for some people and a complementary source for others. However, land misappropriation and draught constrain the sustainable production of pasture for feeding livestock. Further aggravated by farmer/herder clashes and wetlands extinction. The need for an experiment for the selection of the best pasture species in the Sudan Savannah region that can thrive well under diverse soil textures and moisture status becomes imperative. This trial was conducted in the screen house of Babcock University, objectively to test the performances of Sorghum almum, Andropogon gayanus, Brachiaria mulato and Centrosema pascuorum under Sand, Sandy Clay Loam, and Sandy Loam textures and four water regimes: 100%, 75%, 50%, and 25%. Standard agronomic recommendations were practised throughout the experiment. Data collected included plant height, fresh and dry shoot and root weights, number of leaves, and leaf length. Data generated were analyzed using ANOVA. According to the results, Sandy Loam soil (Soil type from Gamawa) was the best for supporting all the pasture species, followed by Sandy Clay Loam (Soil type from Zaki). S. almum outperformed other pasture species significantly irrespective of soil textural type and water stress level treatments, followed by B. mulato. For water levels; 100% and 75% had the most promising biomass outcome. Based on the results, a 75% water regime which represents 25% deficit of the actual crop water requirement is recommended for the production of the tested pastures in the area.
畜牧生产是一个农业系统,是人类蛋白质和卡路里的来源。它的生产是一些人的主要经济来源,也是另一些人的补充来源。然而,土地侵占和干旱制约了畜牧业牧草的可持续生产。由于农牧民冲突和湿地灭绝,情况进一步恶化。在苏丹萨凡纳地区开展一项能在不同土壤质地和水分条件下良好生长的最佳牧草品种选择试验势在必行。本试验在美国巴布科克大学的纱棚内,客观地考察了高粱、雄脚草、白毛蚶和白毛蚶在砂质、砂质粘土壤土和砂质壤土质地和100%、75%、50%和25% 4种水分配比下的生产性能。在整个试验过程中都采用了标准的农艺建议。收集的数据包括株高、鲜干茎重、根重、叶数和叶长。生成的数据采用方差分析进行分析。结果表明,砂质壤土(Gamawa土壤类型)最适合各牧草品种的生长,砂质粘壤土(Zaki土壤类型)次之。无论土壤质地类型和水分胁迫水平如何处理,桤木的表现都显著优于其他牧草,其次是白杨。对于水位;100%和75%是最有希望的生物量结果。根据结果,建议该地区受试牧场的生产用水量为75%,比实际作物需水量少25%。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of yield and some physiochemical traits in four cultivars of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) 4个马铃薯品种产量及部分理化性状评价
Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.52951/dasj.23150108
Luqman Gharib Karim Barznjy, S. A. Sidiq Kasnazany, Aram Shahab Ahmed
The study was carried out to evaluate the physical, chemical, and quality properties of four potato cultivars (Jelly, Donata, Hermes, and Caruso), cultivated in an open field during the spring season of 2022. A completely randomized block design RCBD with three replications was used in this experiment. The obtained results could be summarized as follows: the cultivar of Jelly obtained the maximum values of plant yield 1.025 kg, tuber weight 162.50 g, total yield 34.14 t ha-1, tuber equatorial diameter 57.80 mm, TSS 6.20%, maturity index 13.14, and pH 7.13. While the Donata cultivar gave a higher value of a tuber polar diameter of 94.72 mm, shape index of 1.82 and moisture 81.17%, wherase the Hermes cultivar gave the maximum values of parameters such as dry matter 30.79%, starch 23.44% and protein content in tubers 7.17%. Caruso cultivar recorded the maximum values of the number of tubers 4.67 tuber plant-1, hardness 12.83 kg cm2, total acidity 0.62%, and carotene content 0.64 μg g-1 FW. Amongst the four tested potato cultivars, the Jelly variety revealed the best performance due to it gives high values of plant yield, tuber weight, total yield, tuber equatorial diameter, TSS%, TSS/TA, and pH, content in tubers. While the Hermes variety recorded the highest value in TA%, moisture% and carotenoid content in tubers.
本研究旨在评价4个马铃薯品种(Jelly、Donata、Hermes和Caruso)的物理、化学和品质特性,这些马铃薯品种于2022年春季在露天地里种植。本试验采用完全随机区组设计,共3个重复。结果表明:该品种的最高单株产量为1.025 kg,块茎重162.50 g,总产量34.14 t hm -1,块茎赤道径57.80 mm, TSS为6.20%,成熟指数为13.14,pH为7.13。多纳塔品种块茎极性直径最高,为94.72 mm,形状指数为1.82,水分为81.17%,而爱马仕品种块茎干物质、淀粉和蛋白质含量最高,分别为30.79%、23.44%和7.17%。卡鲁索品种块茎数最大值为4.67个,硬度12.83 kg cm2,总酸度0.62%,胡萝卜素含量0.64 μg -1 FW。在4个马铃薯品种中,果冻品种的单株产量、块茎重量、总产量、块茎赤道直径、TSS%、TSS/TA和块茎中pH含量均较高,表现最佳。而爱马仕品种块茎中TA%、水分%和类胡萝卜素含量最高。
{"title":"Evaluation of yield and some physiochemical traits in four cultivars of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.)","authors":"Luqman Gharib Karim Barznjy, S. A. Sidiq Kasnazany, Aram Shahab Ahmed","doi":"10.52951/dasj.23150108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52951/dasj.23150108","url":null,"abstract":"The study was carried out to evaluate the physical, chemical, and quality properties of four potato cultivars (Jelly, Donata, Hermes, and Caruso), cultivated in an open field during the spring season of 2022. A completely randomized block design RCBD with three replications was used in this experiment. The obtained results could be summarized as follows: the cultivar of Jelly obtained the maximum values of plant yield 1.025 kg, tuber weight 162.50 g, total yield 34.14 t ha-1, tuber equatorial diameter 57.80 mm, TSS 6.20%, maturity index 13.14, and pH 7.13. While the Donata cultivar gave a higher value of a tuber polar diameter of 94.72 mm, shape index of 1.82 and moisture 81.17%, wherase the Hermes cultivar gave the maximum values of parameters such as dry matter 30.79%, starch 23.44% and protein content in tubers 7.17%. Caruso cultivar recorded the maximum values of the number of tubers 4.67 tuber plant-1, hardness 12.83 kg cm2, total acidity 0.62%, and carotene content 0.64 μg g-1 FW. Amongst the four tested potato cultivars, the Jelly variety revealed the best performance due to it gives high values of plant yield, tuber weight, total yield, tuber equatorial diameter, TSS%, TSS/TA, and pH, content in tubers. While the Hermes variety recorded the highest value in TA%, moisture% and carotenoid content in tubers.","PeriodicalId":11234,"journal":{"name":"Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal","volume":"2023 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77077801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evaluation of the Performance of Locally Developed Combine Equipment Used for Several Agricultural Operations at Once 同时用于多种农业作业的国产联合收割机的性能评价
Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.52951/dasj.23150110
Shaimaa Sami Dowad, Abdulrazzak Abdullatif Jasim
A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of locally developed combine equipment used for several agricultural operations at once in a silt clay loam soil texture. Three factors were used. The first is the forward speed of the machinery unit, with three speeds: of 2.98, 4.37, and 6.18 km h-1, the second is plowing depths, with three plowing depths and subsurface irrigation pipes of 10/20, 15/25, 20/30 cm, the third is the distances between the subsurface irrigation pipes, with three distances of 50, 60 and 70 cm. The field efficiency of the combine equipment, soil moisture content, soil penetration resistance and soil bulk density were studied. Faltra tractor was used as a power source with a power of 88 kW (120 hp), with the combine equipment. The results showed that the speed of 6.18 km h-1 was significantly higher in obtaining the highest field efficiency. While the speed of 2.98 km.h-1 was outperformed in obtaining the highest value for soil moisture content, the lowest soil penetration resistance and the lowest soil bulk density compared to the other speeds. The depth of plowing and subsurface irrigation pipes 10/20 cm outperformed in obtaining the highest field efficiency, the highest moisture content, the least soil resistance to penetration, and the lowest soil bulk density compared to other depths. The distance of 70 cm was significantly outperformed in obtaining the highest field efficiency, the highest value of moisture content, the least soil resistance to penetration, and the lowest bulk density compared to other distances. The treatment of speed 2.98 km.h-1, depth 10/20 cm, and distance 70 cm outperformed in obtaining the highest moisture content of 19.40%, the lowest soil penetration resistance of 2.42 kg.cm-2, and the lowest soil bulk density of 0.93 μg.m-3 compared to other treatments.
通过田间试验,评价了我国自行研制的联合收割机在粉质粘壤土中同时进行多种农业作业的性能。使用了三个因素。一是机械单元前进速度,有2.98、4.37、6.18 km h-1三种速度;二是耕作深度,有三种耕作深度和10/ 20cm、15/ 25cm、20/ 30cm的地下灌溉管;三是地下灌溉管之间的距离,有50、60、70 cm三种距离。研究了联合收割机的田间效率、土壤含水量、土壤抗渗透能力和土壤容重。Faltra拖拉机作为88千瓦(120马力)的动力源,与联合收割机一起使用。结果表明,6.18 km h-1的速度可以获得最高的场效率。而2.98 km.h-1速度的土壤含水量最大值、渗透阻力最小、容重最小均优于其他速度。10/20 cm耕层和地下灌管深度的田间效率最高,土壤含水量最高,土壤抗渗透能力最小,土壤容重最低。与其他距离相比,70 cm的田间效率最高,土壤含水量最高,土壤抗渗透能力最低,容重最低。速度2.98 km.h-1、深度10/20 cm、距离70 cm处理的土壤含水率最高为19.40%,土壤渗透阻力最低为2.42 kg。土壤容重最低为0.93 μg。M-3与其他处理相比。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Aqueous and Alcoholic Extracts of Melissa Officinalis on Germination, Growth and Yield of Cultivated Red Radish (Raphanus Sativus L.) Melissa Officinalis水提液和醇提液对栽培红萝卜发芽、生长和产量的影响
Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.52951/dasj.23150111
Ghazi Othman Ahmed, Adel Mohan Aday Al-Zubaidy, H. M. ahmed, Hawrez Ali Nadir, Nakhshin Omar Abdulla, Basoz Sadiq Jabbari
Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) is a member of the Brassicaceae family of root vegetables and both the roots and the leaves are consumed for their natural therapeutic value and health promoting effects owing to the presence of phytochemicals. Thus, the effect of three different solvents (Cold, hot and alcoholic) of Melissa officinalis (lemon balm) extracts on germination and growth of radish was studied. A field experiment was carried out during October to December 2021 season with Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Alcoholic, hot water and cold water extraction at a concentration of 1 % showed a higher germination percentage compared to other concentrations, while Distilled water showed a major germination percentage 80% compared to other extractions. Regarding the chlorophyll content, alcoholic extraction at a concentration of 0.5 % showed higher Chlorophyll content of 19.5 compared to other treatments and even the control. The root length of radish for alcoholic extraction at a concentration of 1 % showed the highest root length. Alcoholic extraction at a concentration of 0.5 %, hot water extraction at a concentration of 3% and cold-water extraction at a concentration of 5% showed the highest stem diameter. Alcoholic extraction of lemon balm at concentration of 1 presented the biggest leaf diameter. This indicated that the Melissa officinalis extracts as a medicinal plant had different effects on radish germination and growth. Further research should evaluate radish development in different circumstances to see whether this strategy may boost the output of this vital crop.
萝卜(Raphanus sativus L.)是十字花科根茎类蔬菜的一员,由于植物化学物质的存在,萝卜的根和叶都具有天然的治疗价值和促进健康的作用。为此,研究了三种不同溶剂(冷、热、醇)对柠檬香蜂草提取物对萝卜萌发和生长的影响。采用随机完全块设计(RCBD),于2021年10月至12月进行了现场试验。酒精、热水和冷水提取浓度为1%时的发芽率高于其他浓度,蒸馏水提取的发芽率高于其他浓度的80%。在叶绿素含量方面,酒精提取浓度为0.5%时叶绿素含量为19.5,高于其他处理,甚至高于对照。酒精提取物浓度为1%时,萝卜的根长最高。酒精提取浓度为0.5%,热水提取浓度为3%,冷水提取浓度为5%,茎粗最大。香蜂草醇提液浓度为1时叶径最大。说明药用植物梅丽莎提取物对萝卜的发芽和生长有不同的影响。进一步的研究应该评估不同环境下萝卜的生长情况,看看这种策略是否可以提高这种重要作物的产量。
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引用次数: 0
Combined Phosphorus and Water stress Conditions Induce Negative Mycorrhizal Response in Maize (Zea mays L.) 磷水复合胁迫诱导玉米菌根负响应
Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.52951/dasj.23150107
Askangmi Timothy Ricwuskebnde, Ibrahim Abubakar Aliyu, A. Abdulkadir, Christogonus Kayode Daudu, Ado Adamu Yusuf
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) confer both positive and negative effects on the plant symbionts, depending on the prevailing growth condition. We investigated the effect of concurrent variations in phosphorus and soil moisture on percentage root colonization (%RC), mycorrhizal growth response (MGR) and drought response index (DRI) of SAMMAZ-16 maize variety in timescale. The experimental factors were AMF inoculation (addition or no addition), P2O5 applications (30, 60 or 90 kg ha-1) and water regimes (100% and 50% of the soil’s field capacity introduced after 4WAS). The result shows that the overall %RC was 62.22% at 8 weeks after sowing (WAS) and 71.33% at 12 WAS. With 30 and 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 application a rate, %RC was significantly higher at 12 WAS than that of similar application rates at 8 WAS. However, %RC was not different between 8 WAS and 12 WAS in 90 kg P2O5 ha-1 application. AMF inoculation tended to equilibrate the shoot growth of the inoculated plants to that of non- inoculated plants that received 50% higher doses of P2O5 under amply watered conditions. Increasing phosphorus application progressively alleviated the negative mycorrhizal response of the plants at the early stage of growth (week 4) and in 50% FC category at the other sampling times. Higher doses of P2O5 application improved the DRI of the maize in both samplings but the trend was more consistent in AMF-inoculated plants. We conclude that AMF inoculation would be detrimental to the growth of SAMMAZ-16 when there is combined phosphorus and water stress factors
丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)对植物共生体有积极和消极的影响,这取决于当时的生长条件。在时间尺度上研究了磷和土壤水分同步变化对SAMMAZ-16玉米品种根系定殖率(%RC)、菌根生长响应(MGR)和干旱响应指数(DRI)的影响。试验因素为AMF接种(添加或不添加)、P2O5施用(30、60或90 kg hm -1)和水分状况(4WAS后分别引入100%和50%土壤田间容量)。结果表明:播后8周总RC为62.22%,播后12周总RC为71.33%;在30和60 kg P2O5 hm -1施用量下,12 was的%RC显著高于8 was的相同施用量。在90kg P2O5 ha-1施用条件下,8个was与12个was的%RC无显著差异。在充足水分条件下,接种AMF有利于平衡接种植株和未接种植株的生长,而未接种植株的P2O5剂量比未接种植株高50%。在生长早期(第4周)和其他采样时间50% FC类别的植株,增加施磷量逐渐减轻菌根负反应。高剂量P2O5处理提高了玉米的DRI,但在amf接种植株上,这种趋势更为一致。综上所述,在磷和水分复合胁迫条件下,接种AMF不利于SAMMAZ-16的生长
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引用次数: 0
Efficacy of peppermint (Mentha pipreitae), basil (Ocimum basilicum) and their combination on growth performance and meat quality of broilers 薄荷、罗勒及其组合对肉鸡生长性能和肉品质的影响
Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.52951/dasj.23150104
Payam S. Sabir, Rebin A. Mirza, Ahmed E. Hamedmin, Hemn S. Abdulla
The efficacy of peppermint (Mentha pipreitae), basil (Ocimum basilicum) and their combination as natural feed additives was the goal of the current investigation on the broiler performance and meet quality. A number of 600 days old broiler chicks (Ross 308 strain) were randomly distributed into four treatments with five replicates which contained 30 chicks in each replicate for forty-nine days of the experimental period. The dietary treatments were designed as follows; control (T1) standard diet, 1% of peppermint in the standard diet (T2) and 1% of basil standard diet (T3) and their combination 0.5% peppermint + 0.5% basil (T4). The results of this research were showed that the best live body weight and weight gain were recorded for basil and combination between of two additives compared with the control group. Also, there were no significant differences on the feed intake, feed conversion ratio carcass weight and meat quality of the boiler at the end of the experimental period. The investigations of the current study found that feeding broilers on peppermint, basil and their combination tend to improve their growth performance and feed conversion ratio but not statistically.
薄荷(Mentha pipreitae)、罗勒(Ocimum basilicum)及其组合作为天然饲料添加剂对肉鸡生产性能和满足品质的影响是本研究的目标。选取600日龄罗斯308肉鸡,随机分为4个处理,每处理5个重复,每个重复30只鸡,试验期49 d。饲粮处理设计如下:对照组(T1)标准日粮,标准日粮中添加1%薄荷(T2)和1%罗勒标准日粮(T3)及其组合0.5%薄荷+ 0.5%罗勒(T4)。结果表明,与对照组相比,罗勒及两种添加剂组合的活重和增重均达到最佳。试验期末对锅炉的采食量、饲料系数、胴体重和肉品质均无显著影响。本研究调查发现,薄荷、罗勒及其组合饲粮有提高肉鸡生长性能和饲料系数的趋势,但无统计学意义。
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引用次数: 0
Comparative Physical and Organoleptic Properties, Nutritional Composition, and Safety of Charcoal and Oven Smoked Noiler Meat Spiced Asun. 比较木炭和烤炉熏辣味肉的物理和感官特性、营养成分和安全性。
Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.52951/dasj.23150102
Saheed A. Ahmed, Ibrahim Kayode Banjoko, Olanrewaju Majeed Shuaib, Muyideen A. Isiaka
Five Matured Noiler chickens 3 months old weighing 3kg±120g were used for the experiment. The birds have fasted for 16 hours without food but with a supply of fresh cool water. The birds were slaughtered and dressed conventionally. The breast meat was excised within one-hour post-mortem and used for the preparation of Asun using charcoal and oven smoking. The breast meats were cut into fillets of average weight without bone; the fillets were spiced, rubbed with vegetable oil, and smoked using charcoal and oven to an internal temperature of 720C for 20 minutes with regular turning. The result shows a significant difference (p<0.05) in the nutritional and chemical composition of raw and smoke Noiler meat. The charcoal and oven-smoked Asun were not different, but both differ from the raw. The organoleptic properties show no significant difference (p>0.05) in color, aroma, and texture while flavor, juiciness, and overall acceptability differ. There was a significantly different (p>0.05) in WHC, cooking loss, and cooking yield. Preparation of Asun using charcoal and oven smoking contributed to the nutritional component except for the moisture content. The cholesterol, SFA, MUFA, PUFA, and amines were also increased. The value obtained shows that charcoal and oven-smoked Noiler meat Asun is safe for consumption and has no negative effect, also impacts positively on both the physical and organoleptic properties of the prepared product and therefore, recommended for the preparation of Asun using Noiler meat.
试验选用5只3月龄、体重为3kg±120g的成熟黑鸡。这些鸟已经禁食了16个小时,没有食物,但有新鲜的冷水供应。这些鸟是按传统屠宰和打扮的。胸肉在死后一小时内被切除,并使用木炭和烤箱熏制用于准备Asun。胸肉被切成没有骨头的平均重量的鱼片;将鱼片加香料,抹上植物油,用木炭和烤箱熏至内部温度为720摄氏度,定期翻转20分钟。结果表明,在颜色、香气和质地上存在显著差异(p0.05),而在风味、多汁性和总体可接受性上存在差异。蒸煮损失量、蒸煮得率差异有统计学意义(p < 0.05)。用木炭和烤炉烟熏制备Asun对营养成分有贡献,但水分含量除外。胆固醇,SFA, MUFA, PUFA和胺也增加。所得值表明,木炭和烤箱熏制的黑鸡肉可以安全食用,没有负面影响,而且对制备的产品的物理和感官特性都有积极的影响,因此,建议使用黑鸡肉制备黑鸡肉。
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Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal
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