This work proposes a dual-band tunable metasurface absorber (DBTMSA) having a unique design and simple construction based on a bilayer graphene stack. The design evolution of the metasurface has been inspired by the modal behaviour of two complementary types of resonators, i.e., electric dipole and magnetic loop. A dipole and loop mode is seamlessly combined at both bands to achieve excellent electromagnetic (EM) response with near-unity absorptivity of 99.6 % and 99.9 % at 2.63 and 4.98 THz, respectively. Interconnection in the bilayer graphene stack allows for constant DC voltage distribution required to tune the chemical potential practically. An increase in from 0.4 to 1 eV leads to the frequency sweep in the absorption peaks from 1.72 to 4.98 THz with an 90 %. Thus providing an overall tuning range of 3.26 THz, corresponding to a fractional bandwidth of 97.31 %. The DBTMSA design is miniaturized, featuring a periodicity of /11.4 and a thickness of /38, with calculated at 2.63 THz. Hence, MSA could be employed for size-constrained smart terahertz applications.
{"title":"Tunable dual-band metasurface absorber utilizing electric dipole and magnetic loop in a DC-connected bilayer graphene stack: A theoretical approach","authors":"Naveen Kumar Maurya , G. Challa Ram , Tripta , Gandreddi Lakshmi Prasanna Ashok , Raji Krishna","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112208","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112208","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work proposes a dual-band tunable metasurface absorber (DBTMSA) having a unique design and simple construction based on a bilayer graphene stack. The design evolution of the metasurface has been inspired by the modal behaviour of two complementary types of resonators, i.e., electric dipole and magnetic loop. A dipole and loop mode is seamlessly combined at both bands to achieve excellent electromagnetic (EM) response with near-unity absorptivity <span><math><mfenced><mrow><mi>A</mi><mfenced><mi>f</mi></mfenced></mrow></mfenced></math></span> of 99.6 % and 99.9 % at 2.63 and 4.98 THz, respectively. Interconnection in the bilayer graphene stack allows for constant DC voltage distribution required to tune the chemical potential <span><math><mfenced><msub><mi>μ</mi><mi>c</mi></msub></mfenced></math></span> practically. An increase in <span><math><msub><mi>μ</mi><mi>c</mi></msub></math></span> from 0.4 to 1 eV leads to the frequency sweep in the absorption peaks from 1.72 to 4.98 THz with an <span><math><mi>A</mi><mfenced><mi>f</mi></mfenced></math></span> <span><math><mo>≥</mo></math></span> 90 %. Thus providing an overall tuning range of 3.26 THz, corresponding to a fractional bandwidth of 97.31 %. The DBTMSA design is miniaturized, featuring a periodicity of <span><math><msub><mi>λ</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></math></span>/11.4 and a thickness of <span><math><msub><mi>λ</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></math></span>/38, with <span><math><msub><mi>λ</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></math></span> calculated at 2.63 THz. Hence, MSA could be employed for size-constrained smart terahertz applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 112208"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143680784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-18DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112226
Ali H. Jawad , Nur Elyea Balqis Ahmad Jaafar , Raja Razuan Raja Deris , Tumirah Khadiran , Ruihong Wu , Zeid A. ALOthman
In this study, pulasan (Nephelium mutabile) fruit peel (PUP) waste was transformed into activated carbon (PUP-AC) martial via thermochemical pyrolysis process using microwave-assisted ZnCl2 activation. The physicochemical properties of PUP-AC were investigated using several analytical techniques including BET, XRD, pHpzc, FTIR, and SEM-EDX. Afterward, the ability of PUP-AC to adsorb toxic organic dye namely crystal violet (CV) from aqueous environment was investigated. Thus, Box-Benken design (BBD) and the desirability function approach were applied to identify the optimal adsorption conditions for CV removal including contact time (20–180 min), pH of the solution (4–10), and PUP-AC dosage (0.02–0.1 g/100 mL). The Langmuir isotherm model is the best model that describes the adsorption isotherm data for CV dye with a maximum adsorption capacity of 225.1 mg/g at optimal desirability function conditions (PUP-AC dosage 0.097 g/100 mL and solution pH = 8.2). The mechanism of CV adsorption by the PUP-AC can be attributed to the pores filling, hydrogen bonding, electrostatic attraction, and π-π stacking. The output of this study presents PUP as a potential precursor for producing porous activated carbon with desirable property for removing cationic dyes from an aqueous environment.
{"title":"Mesoporous carbon-based material from Nephelium mutabile via thermochemical pyrolysis process: Characterizations and optimization for crystal violet dye removal","authors":"Ali H. Jawad , Nur Elyea Balqis Ahmad Jaafar , Raja Razuan Raja Deris , Tumirah Khadiran , Ruihong Wu , Zeid A. ALOthman","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112226","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112226","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, pulasan (<em>Nephelium mutabile</em>) fruit peel (PUP) waste was transformed into activated carbon (PUP-AC) martial <em>via</em> thermochemical pyrolysis process using microwave-assisted ZnCl<sub>2</sub> activation. The physicochemical properties of PUP-AC were investigated using several analytical techniques including BET, XRD, pH<sub>pzc</sub>, FTIR, and SEM-EDX. Afterward, the ability of PUP-AC to adsorb toxic organic dye namely crystal violet (CV) from aqueous environment was investigated. Thus, Box-Benken design (BBD) and the desirability function approach were applied to identify the optimal adsorption conditions for CV removal including contact time (20–180 min), pH of the solution (4–10), and PUP-AC dosage (0.02–0.1 g/100 mL). The Langmuir isotherm model is the best model that describes the adsorption isotherm data for CV dye with a maximum adsorption capacity of 225.1 mg/g at optimal desirability function conditions (PUP-AC dosage 0.097 g/100 mL and solution pH = 8.2). The mechanism of CV adsorption by the PUP-AC can be attributed to the pores filling, hydrogen bonding, electrostatic attraction, and π-π stacking. The output of this study presents PUP as a potential precursor for producing porous activated carbon with desirable property for removing cationic dyes from an aqueous environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 112226"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143680791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-17DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112218
Zhenguo Lai , Panfeng Yang , Bin Zhang , Yongming Zhu , Kaixiong Gao
Green methanol as a fuel can effectively solve energy shortage and reduce air pollution. However, its lubrication failure caused in internal combustion engine systems is a shortcoming. In this study, we investigate the tribological properties of diamond-like carbon (DLC) and hydrogenated diamond-like carbon film (HDLC) in vapor methanol and liquid methanol against ceramic ball in view of different states of methanol working in different components. The results showed that the tribological performance of DLC in vapor methanol was better than that of HDLC, with Si3N4 vs. DLC having the best tribological performance (friction coefficient (COF) is 0.068 and wear rate is 0.33 × 10−8 mm3/N·m). While HDLC in liquid methanol has better tribological performance than DLC, in which Si3N4 vs. HDLC is the best (COF is 0.061 and wear rate is 0.89 × 10−8 mm3/N·m). In addition, it was found that no transfer film was formed on the wear scar in both states. SEM and EDS mapping characterization of the wear debris revealed that the tribological properties of the carbon films in vapor methanol were mainly dominated by the degree of graphitization of the wear debris, whereas in liquid methanol they were highly correlated with the oxygen content of the wear debris. This study can be instructive for the design of methanol internal combustion engine systems.
{"title":"Effect of hydrogenation or not of DLC on its tribological properties in vapor and liquid methanol","authors":"Zhenguo Lai , Panfeng Yang , Bin Zhang , Yongming Zhu , Kaixiong Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112218","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112218","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Green methanol as a fuel can effectively solve energy shortage and reduce air pollution. However, its lubrication failure caused in internal combustion engine systems is a shortcoming. In this study, we investigate the tribological properties of diamond-like carbon (DLC) and hydrogenated diamond-like carbon film (HDLC) in vapor methanol and liquid methanol against ceramic ball in view of different states of methanol working in different components. The results showed that the tribological performance of DLC in vapor methanol was better than that of HDLC, with Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> vs. DLC having the best tribological performance (friction coefficient (COF) is 0.068 and wear rate is 0.33 × 10<sup>−8</sup> mm<sup>3</sup>/N·m). While HDLC in liquid methanol has better tribological performance than DLC, in which Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> vs. HDLC is the best (COF is 0.061 and wear rate is 0.89 × 10<sup>−8</sup> mm<sup>3</sup>/N·m). In addition, it was found that no transfer film was formed on the wear scar in both states. SEM and EDS mapping characterization of the wear debris revealed that the tribological properties of the carbon films in vapor methanol were mainly dominated by the degree of graphitization of the wear debris, whereas in liquid methanol they were highly correlated with the oxygen content of the wear debris. This study can be instructive for the design of methanol internal combustion engine systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 112218"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143680786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-17DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112219
Renu Dhahiya , Neetika Chauhan , Ashok Kumar
Supercapacitors are efficient energy storage systems that provide high power density and long cycle life. Recently, composite material-based supercapacitors have gained popularity as environmentally benign and effective energy-saving solutions. In this study, the microstructural and electrochemical properties of pristine Sm2MnFeO6 (SMFO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composite Sm2MnFeO6/rGO (SMFO/rGO) are explored. Structural characterization provides insights into the lattice parameters of SMFO and SMFO/rGO material, while morphological analysis highlights the presence of agglomerated crystallites in both materials. Surface area measurements indicate an increase in porosity upon rGO incorporation, and elemental analysis confirms the oxidation states of the constituent elements in SMFO and the SMFO/rGO composite. Electrochemical investigations demonstrate the impact of rGO on charge storage capabilities, offering valuable insights into the potential of SMFO/rGO as an efficient electrode material for supercapacitor applications. The specific capacitance of SMFO/rGO improved by ∼155 % (505.3 Fg−1) compared to SMFO (197.8 Fg−1) at a current density 5 mVs−1.
{"title":"Enhanced energy storage performance of samarium manganese iron oxide — reduced graphene oxide composites: A structural and electrochemical investigation","authors":"Renu Dhahiya , Neetika Chauhan , Ashok Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112219","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Supercapacitors are efficient energy storage systems that provide high power density and long cycle life. Recently, composite material-based supercapacitors have gained popularity as environmentally benign and effective energy-saving solutions. In this study, the microstructural and electrochemical properties of pristine Sm<sub>2</sub>MnFeO<sub>6</sub> (SMFO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composite Sm<sub>2</sub>MnFeO<sub>6</sub>/rGO (SMFO/rGO) are explored. Structural characterization provides insights into the lattice parameters of SMFO and SMFO/rGO material, while morphological analysis highlights the presence of agglomerated crystallites in both materials. Surface area measurements indicate an increase in porosity upon rGO incorporation, and elemental analysis confirms the oxidation states of the constituent elements in SMFO and the SMFO/rGO composite. Electrochemical investigations demonstrate the impact of rGO on charge storage capabilities, offering valuable insights into the potential of SMFO/rGO as an efficient electrode material for supercapacitor applications. The specific capacitance of SMFO/rGO improved by ∼155 % (505.3 Fg<sup>−1</sup>) compared to SMFO (197.8 Fg<sup>−1</sup>) at a current density 5 mVs<sup>−1</sup>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 112219"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143680788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-17DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112221
Chandrasekar Perumalveeramalai , Sreenivasulu Kummari V , Thanikaikarasan Sethuramachandran
Carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) have been regarded as one of the ideal substrates for making functional nano- and micro-structures. Zinc oxide nanostructures were grown on porous carbon nanotube substrates selectively via molecular beam epitaxy using solid zinc metal source and molecular oxygen without using any metal catalyst. It is found that the growth of ZnO nanowires on CNT follows the Vapour-Solid (VS) mechanism. ZnO nanowires in the heterostructures have a perfect crystalline structure, while the crystalline structures of the CNTs remain unchanged. The ZnO nanowires that were synthesized demonstrated favorable crystalline and optical characteristics. The field emission properties of as-prepared ZnO/p-SWCNT nanohybrid structures were analyzed in the diode configuration and results indicate that ZnO/p-SWCNT shows the excellent field emission characteristics with low turn-on field of 0.75 V/μm which is comparatively lower than pristine p-SWCNT~0.9 V/μm and pristine ZnO NRs ~1.2 V/μm. These findings demonstrate the viability of ZnO/p-SWCNT as the vacuum electronic applications.
{"title":"Structural and morphological evolution of ZnO nanostructures promoted by porous SWCNT and highlighting its field emission property","authors":"Chandrasekar Perumalveeramalai , Sreenivasulu Kummari V , Thanikaikarasan Sethuramachandran","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112221","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112221","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) have been regarded as one of the ideal substrates for making functional nano- and micro-structures. Zinc oxide nanostructures were grown on porous carbon nanotube substrates selectively via molecular beam epitaxy using solid zinc metal source and molecular oxygen without using any metal catalyst. It is found that the growth of ZnO nanowires on CNT follows the Vapour-Solid (VS) mechanism. ZnO nanowires in the heterostructures have a perfect crystalline structure, while the crystalline structures of the CNTs remain unchanged. The ZnO nanowires that were synthesized demonstrated favorable crystalline and optical characteristics. The field emission properties of as-prepared ZnO/p-SWCNT nanohybrid structures were analyzed in the diode configuration and results indicate that ZnO/p-SWCNT shows the excellent field emission characteristics with low turn-on field of 0.75 <em>V</em>/μm which is comparatively lower than pristine p-SWCNT~0.9 V/μm and pristine ZnO NRs ~1.2 V/μm. These findings demonstrate the viability of ZnO/p-SWCNT as the vacuum electronic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 112221"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143680790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tin oxide (SnO2) shows great promise as an anode material due to its high capacity and ample supply. However, SnO2 anodes face challenges including aggregation, low conductivity, and significant volume changes during cycling, which lead to powdering of active ingredients and breaking of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), ultimately impairing energy transfer and cycling stability. Carbon materials offer several advantages in this context, such as amorphous structures, large interlayer distances, high electrical conductivity, and excellent ion transport abilities. In addition, carbon can function as a buffer within the electrodes, suppressing volume fluctuations and preventing structural distortions (pulverization/agglomeration) caused by the volume change. They also alleviate side reactions at the interface by precluding direct contact between the active material and the electrolyte, thereby enhancing the electrochemical performance of batteries. A simple and rapid method was introduced to synthesize high-performance polyacrylonitrile-based, binder-free N-doped carbon-coated SnO2/porous carbon nanofibers (PCNFs) using centrifugal spinning and polypyrrole (PPy)-based amorphous carbon coating and these were then used as anodes in lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries for the first time. The resulting N-doped carbon-coated SnO2 incorporated into porous carbon nanofibers (N-C@ SnO2/PCNFs) exhibited a high initial discharge capacity of 1200 mAh g−1 for lithium-ion batteries and 680 mAh g−1 for sodium-ion batteries, as well as excellent durability during cycling even after 200 cycles. The 3D CNF matrix effectively buffered the volume changes and enhanced structural stability by suppressing particle aggregation during the charge/discharge process. Furthermore, the second carbon coating not only prevented direct contact between the active material and the electrolyte but also increased electronic conductivity. Results showed that PPy-based carbon coating is an effective strategy for synthesizing high-performance electrodes in energy storage systems.
{"title":"Polypyrrole-based carbon-coated SnO2/PCNF electrodes","authors":"Meltem Yanilmaz , Aleyna Atik , Lei Chen , Xiangwu Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112216","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112216","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tin oxide (SnO<sub>2</sub>) shows great promise as an anode material due to its high capacity and ample supply. However, SnO<sub>2</sub> anodes face challenges including aggregation, low conductivity, and significant volume changes during cycling, which lead to powdering of active ingredients and breaking of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), ultimately impairing energy transfer and cycling stability. Carbon materials offer several advantages in this context, such as amorphous structures, large interlayer distances, high electrical conductivity, and excellent ion transport abilities. In addition, carbon can function as a buffer within the electrodes, suppressing volume fluctuations and preventing structural distortions (pulverization/agglomeration) caused by the volume change. They also alleviate side reactions at the interface by precluding direct contact between the active material and the electrolyte, thereby enhancing the electrochemical performance of batteries. A simple and rapid method was introduced to synthesize high-performance polyacrylonitrile-based, binder-free N-doped carbon-coated SnO<sub>2</sub>/porous carbon nanofibers (PCNFs) using centrifugal spinning and polypyrrole (PPy)-based amorphous carbon coating and these were then used as anodes in lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries for the first time. The resulting N-doped carbon-coated SnO<sub>2</sub> incorporated into porous carbon nanofibers (N-C@ SnO<sub>2</sub>/PCNFs) exhibited a high initial discharge capacity of 1200 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> for lithium-ion batteries and 680 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> for sodium-ion batteries, as well as excellent durability during cycling even after 200 cycles. The 3D CNF matrix effectively buffered the volume changes and enhanced structural stability by suppressing particle aggregation during the charge/discharge process. Furthermore, the second carbon coating not only prevented direct contact between the active material and the electrolyte but also increased electronic conductivity. Results showed that PPy-based carbon coating is an effective strategy for synthesizing high-performance electrodes in energy storage systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 112216"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143680778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-16DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112212
Filippo S. Boi , Li Lei , Aiqun Gu , Jian Guo , Hansong Wu , Shanling Wang
Understanding the stabilization of rhombohedral stacking-order and moiré superlattices in structural defects produced by exfoliation is of importance towards applications in nanoscale low-dimensional systems and superconductivity. Here we report a statistical investigation of the stabilization-dynamics of rhombohedral ABC stacking-faults within locally-lifted sublattices, fabricated by exfoliation of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). Raman point/mapping spectroscopy applied to several tens of locally-lifted lattice-regions reveal a weak enhancement of the ratio of the integral area of the 2D band-components, namely within the frequency range from ∼2550 to 2670 cm−1 (left shoulder) to that from ∼2670 to 2760 cm−1 (right shoulder). A structural transition is demonstrated with HRTEM revealing the coexistence of hexagonal and one-dimensional moiré superlattices with periods D-1–2.04 nm, D-2–2.35 nm (coexisting superlattice-periodicities) and D ∼ 13 nm in the stacking-fault regions. Interestingly, selective area electron diffraction (SAED) of the latter revealed unusual doubled electron diffraction patterns. Stabilization of micron-scale stacking-faults of crystalline rhombohedral graphite (ABC stacking) was found as an additional transition, when applying the lifting approach to staircase-defects. Comparative investigations performed on commercially available grafoil revealed a different trend, with the presence of a disorder-rich rhombohedral graphitic phase compatible with a defective A|ABAB|BCBC|CACA|A stacking-sequence, analogous to that reported previously in other grafoil samples and in nitrates intercalated graphite.
{"title":"Stacking-faults consisting of rhombohedral stacking-order, hexagonal and one-dimensional moiré superlattices in exfoliated highly oriented pyrolytic graphite","authors":"Filippo S. Boi , Li Lei , Aiqun Gu , Jian Guo , Hansong Wu , Shanling Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112212","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112212","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the stabilization of rhombohedral stacking-order and moiré superlattices in structural defects produced by exfoliation is of importance towards applications in nanoscale low-dimensional systems and superconductivity. Here we report a statistical investigation of the stabilization-dynamics of rhombohedral ABC stacking-faults within locally-lifted sublattices, fabricated by exfoliation of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). Raman point/mapping spectroscopy applied to several tens of locally-lifted lattice-regions reveal a weak enhancement of the ratio of the integral area of the 2D band-components, namely within the frequency range from ∼2550 to 2670 cm<sup>−1</sup> (left shoulder) to that from ∼2670 to 2760 cm<sup>−1</sup> (right shoulder). A structural transition is demonstrated with HRTEM revealing the coexistence of hexagonal and one-dimensional moiré superlattices with periods D-1–2.04 nm, D-2–2.35 nm (coexisting superlattice-periodicities) and D ∼ 13 nm in the stacking-fault regions. Interestingly, selective area electron diffraction (SAED) of the latter revealed unusual doubled electron diffraction patterns. Stabilization of micron-scale stacking-faults of crystalline rhombohedral graphite (ABC stacking) was found as an additional transition, when applying the lifting approach to staircase-defects. Comparative investigations performed on commercially available grafoil revealed a different trend, with the presence of a disorder-rich rhombohedral graphitic phase compatible with a defective A|ABAB|BCBC|CACA|A stacking-sequence, analogous to that reported previously in other grafoil samples and in nitrates intercalated graphite.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 112212"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143642931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-16DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112213
Hamza Aziz , Muhammad Imran , Ali Haider , Anum Shahzadi , Muhammad Mustajab , Anwar Ul-Hamid , Hameed Ullah , Ayesha Hussain , Hisham S.M. Abd-Rabboh , Muhammad Ikram
Coprecipitation method was used to synthesize BaO and (2 and 4 wt%) of GO/PVP doped BaO nanorods (NRs) as potential catalysts for wastewater treatment. This research aims to enhance porosity, and surface area through surface functionalized GO/PVP doped NRs for antimicrobial potential and degradation of rhodamine B (RhB). Efficient RhB degradation was observed in an acidic medium (95.52 %) using sodium borohydride (NaBH4) in absence of light. The agar well diffusion method was used to investigate antimicrobial effectiveness by measuring inhibition zones at high (8.45 ± 0.04 mm) and low (7.05 ± 0.04 mm) concentrations. Molecular docking analysis was performed to establish a theoretical basis for bactericidal effects of BaO, PVP doped BaO, and GO/PVP doped BaO NRs against deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) gyrase in S. aureus. Docking investigations demonstrate that these doped NRs showed the potential as inhibitors of DNA gyrase.
{"title":"Efficient RhB degradation and inactivation of S. aureus with molecular docking studies of PVP and GO assisted BaO nanorods","authors":"Hamza Aziz , Muhammad Imran , Ali Haider , Anum Shahzadi , Muhammad Mustajab , Anwar Ul-Hamid , Hameed Ullah , Ayesha Hussain , Hisham S.M. Abd-Rabboh , Muhammad Ikram","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112213","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112213","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coprecipitation method was used to synthesize BaO and (2 and 4 wt%) of GO/PVP doped BaO nanorods (NRs) as potential catalysts for wastewater treatment. This research aims to enhance porosity, and surface area through surface functionalized GO/PVP doped NRs for antimicrobial potential and degradation of rhodamine B (RhB). Efficient RhB degradation was observed in an acidic medium (95.52 %) using sodium borohydride (NaBH<sub>4</sub>) in absence of light. The agar well diffusion method was used to investigate antimicrobial effectiveness by measuring inhibition zones at high (8.45 ± 0.04 mm) and low (7.05 ± 0.04 mm) concentrations. Molecular docking analysis was performed to establish a theoretical basis for bactericidal effects of BaO, PVP doped BaO, and GO/PVP doped BaO NRs against deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) gyrase in <em>S. aureus</em>. Docking investigations demonstrate that these doped NRs showed the potential as inhibitors of DNA gyrase.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 112213"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143680795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-16DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112215
Jian Luo, Jiahuan Zhu, Yongfeng Ji, Weihong Zhou
Biomass-derived carbon materials have unique advantages in microwave absorption (MA) materials because of sustainable, low-cost and high dielectric loss. In this study, a new FeNi/NiFe2O4/porous carbon spheres (FNP) composite was synthesized by two steps: the first step is using microcrystalline cellulose and polyvinylpyrrolidone to prepare carbon spheres through a hydrothermal method, and the second step is decorating FeNi/NiFe2O4 particles onto the carbon spheres and making pores in carbon spheres through calcining at 800 °C. The FNP composite displays remarkable MA capabilities with a minimum reflection loss of −53.05 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth up to 5.37 GHz. Cole-Cole curves reveal that FeNi and NiFe2O4 particles contribute to interface polarization and magnetic loss, while the interconnected carbon spheres lead to conductive loss. Additionally, the CN, CO, CO, and O-C=O bonds and defects of carbon spheres induce dipole polarization, further enhancing the MA properties of the FNP composites.
{"title":"Porous carbon nano-spheres derived from cellulose decorated by FeNi/NiFe2O4 particles as an outstanding microwave absorbent","authors":"Jian Luo, Jiahuan Zhu, Yongfeng Ji, Weihong Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112215","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112215","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biomass-derived carbon materials have unique advantages in microwave absorption (MA) materials because of sustainable, low-cost and high dielectric loss. In this study, a new FeNi/NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/porous carbon spheres (FNP) composite was synthesized by two steps: the first step is using microcrystalline cellulose and polyvinylpyrrolidone to prepare carbon spheres through a hydrothermal method, and the second step is decorating FeNi/NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> particles onto the carbon spheres and making pores in carbon spheres through calcining at 800 °C. The FNP composite displays remarkable MA capabilities with a minimum reflection loss of −53.05 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth up to 5.37 GHz. Cole-Cole curves reveal that FeNi and NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> particles contribute to interface polarization and magnetic loss, while the interconnected carbon spheres lead to conductive loss. Additionally, the C<img>N, C<img>O, C<img>O, and O-C=O bonds and defects of carbon spheres induce dipole polarization, further enhancing the MA properties of the FNP composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 112215"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143680789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-16DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112217
Artit Ausavasukhi , Tawan Sooknoi
Carbon-based solid acid catalysts were successfully prepared by one-step hydrothermal sulfonation of palm kernel shells. Among the solid acids studied, the catalysts with acidity and hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance were found to be more selective and efficient catalytic systems for the conversion of glycerol to glycerol ethers. The stability of the carbon-based solid acid catalyst was confirmed by a regeneration test, which showed that no leaching of acid groups into solution occurs. In addition, the carbon-based solid acid catalyst prepared by one-step hydrothermal sulfonation at 160 °C exhibits good cyclability. The etherification of glycerol with tertiary butanol occurs in a truly heterogeneous process in the presence of such an acid carbon.
{"title":"Hydrothermal sulfonation of palm kernel shells to produce a carbon-based solid acid catalyst for the glycerol etherification","authors":"Artit Ausavasukhi , Tawan Sooknoi","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112217","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112217","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon-based solid acid catalysts were successfully prepared by one-step hydrothermal sulfonation of palm kernel shells. Among the solid acids studied, the catalysts with acidity and hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance were found to be more selective and efficient catalytic systems for the conversion of glycerol to glycerol ethers. The stability of the carbon-based solid acid catalyst was confirmed by a regeneration test, which showed that no leaching of acid groups into solution occurs. In addition, the carbon-based solid acid catalyst prepared by one-step hydrothermal sulfonation at 160 °C exhibits good cyclability. The etherification of glycerol with tertiary butanol occurs in a truly heterogeneous process in the presence of such an acid carbon.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 112217"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143642891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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