Pub Date : 2024-11-14DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111752
Muhammad Danish Khan , Masood ul Hassan Farooq , Iqra Fareed , Muhammad Farooq Khan , Zia Ur Rehman , Umaira Ayoub , Anwaar Ahmed , Faheem K. Butt
ZnO and g-C₃N₄ are known for their potential in photocatalytic degradation and electrochemical applications, but their limited band gaps and electrical conductivity hinders performance. Doping is a strategy to modify these properties. This study reports the synthesis of nitrogen-doped ZnO (N-ZnO) and oxygen-doped g-C₃N₄ (OCN) nanocomposites using an in-situ hydrothermal process. Structural and compositional analysis confirmed successful synthesis, while FESEM and HRTEM revealed N-ZnO nanorods decorating OCN sheets. Optical analysis indicated a band gap of 2.54 eV, making the material active under visible light. The nanocomposites demonstrated 90 % photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) within 20 min, with a high rate constant (k = 0.1269 min−1), facilitated by a Z-scheme heterojunction. The catalyst remained stable even after 5 cycles. Moreover, electrochemical biosensing of ascorbic acid (AA) showed a regression value of 0.9965 with high anodic current response and small limit of detection (LOD) value, underscoring the potential of nanocomposite material for commercial applications in both photocatalysis and diagnostics.
{"title":"Novel N-doped ZnO and O-doped g-C₃N₄ heterojunction: Enhanced photocatalytic degradation and robust electrochemical biosensing of ascorbic acid","authors":"Muhammad Danish Khan , Masood ul Hassan Farooq , Iqra Fareed , Muhammad Farooq Khan , Zia Ur Rehman , Umaira Ayoub , Anwaar Ahmed , Faheem K. Butt","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111752","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111752","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>ZnO and g-C₃N₄ are known for their potential in photocatalytic degradation and electrochemical applications, but their limited band gaps and electrical conductivity hinders performance. Doping is a strategy to modify these properties. This study reports the synthesis of nitrogen-doped ZnO (N-ZnO) and oxygen-doped g-C₃N₄ (OCN) nanocomposites using an in-situ hydrothermal process. Structural and compositional analysis confirmed successful synthesis, while FESEM and HRTEM revealed N-ZnO nanorods decorating OCN sheets. Optical analysis indicated a band gap of 2.54 eV, making the material active under visible light. The nanocomposites demonstrated 90 % photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) within 20 min, with a high rate constant (k = 0.1269 min<sup>−1</sup>), facilitated by a <em>Z</em>-scheme heterojunction. The catalyst remained stable even after 5 cycles. Moreover, electrochemical biosensing of ascorbic acid (AA) showed a regression value of 0.9965 with high anodic current response and small limit of detection (LOD) value, underscoring the potential of nanocomposite material for commercial applications in both photocatalysis and diagnostics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 111752"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-13DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111774
Muhammad Rizwan Tariq , Idrees Khan , Mudasir Ahmad , Baoliang Zhang
A new class of wave absorbing materials HPCFst@PDA and HPCFst@NCLs (where HPCFs describes helical/chiral porous carbon fiber, t refers to carbonization 700, 800 °C, PDA ascribed to poly (dopamine), and NCLs corresponds to nitrogen doped carbon layers) with helical/chiral, hierarchical, multi-layered structural morphology containing different heterostructures was triumphantly constructed through single-step carbonization of HPCFst. The HPCFst biomass fiber was go through self-polymerization of dopamine and we get HPCFs700@PDA, HPCFs800@PDA as an intermediate product. Finally, the PDA doped HPCFs biomass (HPCFs700@PDA, HPCFs800@PDA) was effectively transformed into NCLs from inside toward outside (HPCFs700@NCLs, HPCFs800@NCLs) through carbonization. Notably, HPCFs exhibit helical/chiral, hierarchical porous morphology with hetero-interfaces (such as dipole interfaces) that improve dielectric loss, while PDA and NCLs ameliorate wave absorber conductivity, through generation of polarization centers, heterointerfaces and resulting in considerable dielectric loss. Moreover, HPCFs with such unique structural morphology provide additional loss mechanism through cross-polarization that improve dissipation/attenuation of microwave. The microwave absorption mechanism of HPCFst@PDA(1–3), HPCFst@NCLs(1–3) (where 1, 2, 3 refer to filler content 27.50, 30.00, 32.50%wt PDA derived absorber and 20.00, 22.50, 25.00%wt NCLs filler) and their structure active relationship are further elucidated. Evidently, HPCFs700@PDA2 gained reflection loss (RL) of −51.60 dB at 13.60 GHz, across the broad spectrum of frequencies (EAB, RL ≤ −10 dB) covers 6.70 GHz (11.30–18.00 GHz) at 2.70 mm thickness. The EAB ameliorate to the value of 7.20 GHz (10.70–18.00 GHz) at thickness of 2.80 mm. While HPCFs700@NCLs2 RL was improved to −63.00 dB at 2.40 mm thickness with EAB 5.10 GHz (11.40–16.50) at 13.30 GHz frequency. Likewise, HPCFs800@PDA2 RL elevates to the value of −53.40 dB with adequate EAB covering 12.80–18.00 GHz (5.20 GHz) at higher values of 14.40 GHz and 2.10 mm thickness. For HPCFs800@NCLs2, the RL is as high as −65.40 dB at 9.90 GHz, with an effective thickness of 3.20 mm covering 7.50–11.20 GHz (3.20 GHz) EAB. At matching thickness of 2.00 mm the EAB covers 13.80–18.00 (4.20 GHz). Their top-notch microwave absorption capabilities with widened EAB at lower matching thickness demonstrate potentially promising prospects of HPCFst@PDA and HPCFst@NCLs as wave absorbing materials.
{"title":"Fabrication of polydopamine doped helical/chiral porous carbon fiber (HPCFs@PDA) and N-doped carbon layers (HPCFs@NCLs) for their application as wave absorber with ultrawide EAB","authors":"Muhammad Rizwan Tariq , Idrees Khan , Mudasir Ahmad , Baoliang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111774","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111774","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A new class of wave absorbing materials HPCFs<sub>t</sub>@PDA and HPCFs<sub>t</sub>@NCLs (where HPCFs describes helical/chiral porous carbon fiber, t refers to carbonization 700, 800 °C, PDA ascribed to poly (dopamine), and NCLs corresponds to nitrogen doped carbon layers) with helical/chiral, hierarchical, multi-layered structural morphology containing different heterostructures was triumphantly constructed through single-step carbonization of HPCFs<sub>t</sub>. The HPCFs<sub>t</sub> biomass fiber was go through self-polymerization of dopamine and we get HPCFs<sub>700</sub>@PDA, HPCFs<sub>800</sub>@PDA as an intermediate product. Finally, the PDA doped HPCFs biomass (HPCFs<sub>700</sub>@PDA, HPCFs<sub>800</sub>@PDA) was effectively transformed into NCLs from inside toward outside (HPCFs<sub>700</sub>@NCLs, HPCFs<sub>800</sub>@NCLs) through carbonization. Notably, HPCFs exhibit helical/chiral, hierarchical porous morphology with hetero-interfaces (such as dipole interfaces) that improve dielectric loss, while PDA and NCLs ameliorate wave absorber conductivity, through generation of polarization centers, heterointerfaces and resulting in considerable dielectric loss. Moreover, HPCFs with such unique structural morphology provide additional loss mechanism through cross-polarization that improve dissipation/attenuation of microwave. The microwave absorption mechanism of HPCFs<sub>t</sub>@PDA<sub>(1–3)</sub>, HPCFs<sub>t</sub>@NCLs<sub>(1–3)</sub> (where 1, 2, 3 refer to filler content 27.50, 30.00, 32.50%wt PDA derived absorber and 20.00, 22.50, 25.00%wt NCLs filler) and their structure active relationship are further elucidated. Evidently, HPCFs<sub>700</sub>@PDA<sub>2</sub> gained reflection loss (RL) of −51.60 dB at 13.60 GHz, across the broad spectrum of frequencies (EAB, RL ≤ −10 dB) covers 6.70 GHz (11.30–18.00 GHz) at 2.70 mm thickness. The EAB ameliorate to the value of 7.20 GHz (10.70–18.00 GHz) at thickness of 2.80 mm. While HPCFs<sub>700</sub>@NCLs<sub>2</sub> RL was improved to −63.00 dB at 2.40 mm thickness with EAB 5.10 GHz (11.40–16.50) at 13.30 GHz frequency. Likewise, HPCFs<sub>800</sub>@PDA<sub>2</sub> RL elevates to the value of −53.40 dB with adequate EAB covering 12.80–18.00 GHz (5.20 GHz) at higher values of 14.40 GHz and 2.10 mm thickness. For HPCFs<sub>800</sub>@NCLs<sub>2</sub>, the RL is as high as −65.40 dB at 9.90 GHz, with an effective thickness of 3.20 mm covering 7.50–11.20 GHz (3.20 GHz) EAB. At matching thickness of 2.00 mm the EAB covers 13.80–18.00 (4.20 GHz). Their top-notch microwave absorption capabilities with widened EAB at lower matching thickness demonstrate potentially promising prospects of HPCFs<sub>t</sub>@PDA and HPCFs<sub>t</sub>@NCLs as wave absorbing materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 111774"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-13DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111773
Yue Zhang , Peng Song , Hong Yang , Mengnan Wang , Ning Gu , Shuping Ba , Linzhi Zhai , Zhenyuan Ji , Qi Liu
N-doped porous carbon nanofibers have shown a wide application prospect for Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZHSs), but so far, the affordable synthesis remains a daunting challenge. Using the exfoliated silk nanofibrils (SNFs) as carbon and nitrogen sources, NaCl/KCl as carbonization medium and KOH as active agent, herein, a new variety of N-doped porous carbon nanofibers, SPCN-x, is prepared, involved a sequential ‘SNFs exfoliation’ and ‘mixture pyrolysis’. Results confirm that, with the activation of KOH, porosity structure and specific surface area of the nano-fibriform products are clearly enriched, thus forming a hierarchically porous structure. Typically, SPCN-10 shows a N doping content of 5.6 wt%, pore volume of 0.33 cm3 g−1 and specific surface area of 645 m2 g−1, and presents a great energy storage property as cathode for ZHSs, such as energy density of 70.4 Wh kg−1 and specific capacitance of 197.9 F g−1. Besides, it has excellent durability with a capacitance retention rate of 90.2 % after 10,000 cycles. The electrochemical behavior of SPCN-10 is better than numerous reported ZHS cathodes, which not only highlights our ingenious synthesis, but also ensures a huge potential in large-scale practical application.
{"title":"N-doped porous carbon nanofibers with high specific capacitance and energy density for Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors","authors":"Yue Zhang , Peng Song , Hong Yang , Mengnan Wang , Ning Gu , Shuping Ba , Linzhi Zhai , Zhenyuan Ji , Qi Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111773","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111773","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>N-doped porous carbon nanofibers have shown a wide application prospect for Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZHSs), but so far, the affordable synthesis remains a daunting challenge. Using the exfoliated silk nanofibrils (SNFs) as carbon and nitrogen sources, NaCl/KCl as carbonization medium and KOH as active agent, herein, a new variety of N-doped porous carbon nanofibers, SPCN-<em>x</em>, is prepared, involved a sequential ‘SNFs exfoliation’ and ‘mixture pyrolysis’. Results confirm that, with the activation of KOH, porosity structure and specific surface area of the nano-fibriform products are clearly enriched, thus forming a hierarchically porous structure. Typically, SPCN-10 shows a N doping content of 5.6 wt%, pore volume of 0.33 cm<sup>3</sup> g<sup>−1</sup> and specific surface area of 645 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup>, and presents a great energy storage property as cathode for ZHSs, such as energy density of 70.4 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup> and specific capacitance of 197.9 F g<sup>−1</sup>. Besides, it has excellent durability with a capacitance retention rate of 90.2 % after 10,000 cycles. The electrochemical behavior of SPCN-10 is better than numerous reported ZHS cathodes, which not only highlights our ingenious synthesis, but also ensures a huge potential in large-scale practical application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 111773"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-13DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111772
Shiyuan Zhu , Peng Liu , Qiongyu Zhou , Qianjun Deng , Yuanyuan Li , Jiacheng Wang , Zuo He , Changchun Tian , Xiaofen Wang
Zn coating is a typical anti-corrosion coating for carbon steel. Considering the sacrificial nature of Zn coating, it is essential to enhance the corrosion resistance for the long-term performance in the practical application. In this work, two-dimensional carbon nanoplatelets (2D-CNs) with nanometer thickness (∼100 nm) and ultra-large lateral size (10–40 μm) and Mn element have been successfully co-deposited with Zn onto low carbon steel by a simple electrodeposition method. Results show that the Zn-Mn/2D-CNs composite coating is composed of Zn phase, ZnMn3 phase and a small number of 2D-CNs. The Zn-Mn/2D-CNs composite coating exhibits a modified surface quality with ultrafine grains and smaller roughness (Ra = 176 nm, Rq = 131 nm) when compared with that of Zn coatings (Ra = 798 nm, Rq = 684 nm). Besides, the inert 2D-CNs within the composite coating can act as the corrosion barriers. Therefore, the Zn-Mn/2D-CNs composite coating has excellent anti-corrosion performance, owning the lowest corrosion current densities icorr (9.2 μA cm−2) and maximum coating resistance Rcoat (1.2 kΩ·cm−2) and charge transfer resistance Rct (3.5 kΩ·cm−2), associated with its modified microstructure, Mn element with passivation property, and 2D-CNs barriers. These results demonstrate the desirable potentiality of inert 2D carbon materials in the electrodeposition of Zn-based coating for improving the corrosion resistance.
{"title":"Zn-Mn composite coating codeposited with two-dimensional carbon nanoplatelets for improving corrosion resistance","authors":"Shiyuan Zhu , Peng Liu , Qiongyu Zhou , Qianjun Deng , Yuanyuan Li , Jiacheng Wang , Zuo He , Changchun Tian , Xiaofen Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111772","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111772","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Zn coating is a typical anti-corrosion coating for carbon steel. Considering the sacrificial nature of Zn coating, it is essential to enhance the corrosion resistance for the long-term performance in the practical application. In this work, two-dimensional carbon nanoplatelets (2D-CNs) with nanometer thickness (∼100 nm) and ultra-large lateral size (10–40 μm) and Mn element have been successfully co-deposited with Zn onto low carbon steel by a simple electrodeposition method. Results show that the Zn-Mn/2D-CNs composite coating is composed of Zn phase, ZnMn<sub>3</sub> phase and a small number of 2D-CNs. The Zn-Mn/2D-CNs composite coating exhibits a modified surface quality with ultrafine grains and smaller roughness (Ra = 176 nm, Rq = 131 nm) when compared with that of Zn coatings (Ra = 798 nm, Rq = 684 nm). Besides, the inert 2D-CNs within the composite coating can act as the corrosion barriers. Therefore, the Zn-Mn/2D-CNs composite coating has excellent anti-corrosion performance, owning the lowest corrosion current densities <em>i</em><sub>corr</sub> (9.2 μA cm<sup>−2</sup>) and maximum coating resistance <em>R</em><sub>coat</sub> (1.2 kΩ·cm<sup>−2</sup>) and charge transfer resistance <em>R</em><sub>ct</sub> (3.5 kΩ·cm<sup>−2</sup>), associated with its modified microstructure, Mn element with passivation property, and 2D-CNs barriers. These results demonstrate the desirable potentiality of inert 2D carbon materials in the electrodeposition of Zn-based coating for improving the corrosion resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 111772"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142658252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-13DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111781
Mei-Xia Zhao , Bo Meng , Juan-Juan Zheng , Ning Yang , Fang-Jing Liu
Lignite-derived residue with cross-linked aromatic structure and heteroatom groups is an alternative and low-cost precursor for porous carbon. Herein, N-doped hierarchically porous carbon (NDHPC) was prepared by KOH activation from lignite-derived residue using ZnO as the template and dicyandiamide as the nitrogen source. The optimal NDHPC presents hierarchically porous stacked layered structure with high specific surface area (2648.18 m2/g) and contains abundant O/N functional groups, making it promising candidate as the electrode material. Introducing nitrogen can provide more pseudocapacitors and meanwhile improve the wettability of the NDHPC, thus enhancing electrochemical performance. The optimal NDHPC exhibits a high specific capacitance of 336 F g−1 at the current density of 0.5 A g−1 with good rate performance. Additionally, the assembled NDHPC symmetrical supercapacitor presents outstanding cycle stability with 96.2 % capacitance retention and possesses energy density of 7.85 Wh kg−1 at power density of 250 W kg−1. This study offers an effective and low-cost approach to fully utilize the organic matter in coal-derived residue for preparing supercapacitor electrode materials.
{"title":"N-doped hierarchically porous carbon from lignite-derived residue for high-performance supercapacitor","authors":"Mei-Xia Zhao , Bo Meng , Juan-Juan Zheng , Ning Yang , Fang-Jing Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111781","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111781","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lignite-derived residue with cross-linked aromatic structure and heteroatom groups is an alternative and low-cost precursor for porous carbon. Herein, N-doped hierarchically porous carbon (NDHPC) was prepared by KOH activation from lignite-derived residue using ZnO as the template and dicyandiamide as the nitrogen source. The optimal NDHPC presents hierarchically porous stacked layered structure with high specific surface area (2648.18 m<sup>2</sup>/g) and contains abundant O/N functional groups, making it promising candidate as the electrode material. Introducing nitrogen can provide more pseudocapacitors and meanwhile improve the wettability of the NDHPC, thus enhancing electrochemical performance. The optimal NDHPC exhibits a high specific capacitance of 336 F g<sup>−1</sup> at the current density of 0.5 A g<sup>−1</sup> with good rate performance. Additionally, the assembled NDHPC symmetrical supercapacitor presents outstanding cycle stability with 96.2 % capacitance retention and possesses energy density of 7.85 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup> at power density of 250 W kg<sup>−1</sup>. This study offers an effective and low-cost approach to fully utilize the organic matter in coal-derived residue for preparing supercapacitor electrode materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 111781"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142658253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Herein, green synthesized N-doped carbon dots (N-C-dots) and in-situ produced binary composites of sulphur-doped graphitic carbon nitride (S-g-C3N4) and ZnO have been hydrothermally treated to develop their ternary composite, i.e., N-C-dots/S-g-C3N4/ZnO (N-C-dots/SgCN/ZnO) to investigate the impact of N-C-dots decoration over SgCN/ZnO for photocatalytic decomposition of rhodamine B (RhB) dye. The obtained N-C-dots are almost spherical and exhibited remarkable crystalline properties, with particles diameters ranging from 6.21 to 12.56 nm. The obtained ternary composite N-C-dots/SgCN/ZnO showed noticeably higher photocatalytic effectiveness than its constituents' components. Additionally, N-C-dots/SgCN/ZnO demonstrated outstanding photocatalytic decomposition (93.49 %) of RhB dye under optimized conditions in only 35 min. Various dye degradation parameters like photocatalyst dose, dye concentration, pH of dye solution have been optimized for RhB degradation along with impacts of different scavengers. The results of capturing experiments revealed that h+, •O2− and •OH radicals are main components for photocatalytic breakdown of dye with O2• − rendering the major degradation, whereas •OH and h+ have minor involvement. N-C-dots/SgCN/ZnO demonstrated outstanding reusability up to five cycles by degrading 85.54 % RhB dye in 5th cycle in just 35 min. Additionally, only slight variations are observed in XRD pattern of freshly produced and recycled sample, indicating exceptional ternary composite stability.
{"title":"Investigation on the impact of green synthesized N-C-dots decoration over photocatalytic efficiency of S-g-C3N4/ZnO","authors":"Permender Singh , Neeru Rani , Vasundhara Madaan , Sandeep Kumar , Vinita Bhankar , Parmod Kumar , Krishan Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111780","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111780","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Herein, green synthesized N-doped carbon dots (N-C-dots) and in-situ produced binary composites of sulphur-doped graphitic carbon nitride (S-g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) and ZnO have been hydrothermally treated to develop their ternary composite, i.e., N-C-dots/S-g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/ZnO (N-C-dots/SgCN/ZnO) to investigate the impact of N-C-dots decoration over SgCN/ZnO for photocatalytic decomposition of rhodamine B (RhB) dye. The obtained N-C-dots are almost spherical and exhibited remarkable crystalline properties, with particles diameters ranging from 6.21 to 12.56 nm. The obtained ternary composite N-C-dots/SgCN/ZnO showed noticeably higher photocatalytic effectiveness than its constituents' components. Additionally, N-C-dots/SgCN/ZnO demonstrated outstanding photocatalytic decomposition (93.49 %) of RhB dye under optimized conditions in only 35 min. Various dye degradation parameters like photocatalyst dose, dye concentration, pH of dye solution have been optimized for RhB degradation along with impacts of different scavengers. The results of capturing experiments revealed that h<sup>+</sup>, <sup>•</sup>O<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup> and <sup>•</sup>OH radicals are main components for photocatalytic breakdown of dye with O<sub>2</sub><sup>• −</sup> rendering the major degradation, whereas <sup>•</sup>OH and h<sup>+</sup> have minor involvement. N-C-dots/SgCN/ZnO demonstrated outstanding reusability up to five cycles by degrading 85.54 % RhB dye in 5th cycle in just 35 min. Additionally, only slight variations are observed in XRD pattern of freshly produced and recycled sample, indicating exceptional ternary composite stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 111780"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142658464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111744
Min Zhang , Haiyu Sun , Xiao Zhang , Kun Lian , Ping Zong
To elevate the performance of NiTi alloy in medical devices, carbon coating derived from natural cotton has been successfully deposited onto the alloy surface using a one-step thermolysis method. Natural cotton soaked in copper sulfate was utilized as carbon raw material, and the deposition process was carried out at low vacuum and temperature requirements. The mechanical and bio-compatibility of the coating performance of resulted carbon layer has been studied comprehensively. The uniformity and mechanical properties of the carbon film prepared at 390 °C, with a holding time of 1–2 h, indicate that it should retain the alloy's excellent mechanical properties and superelasticity. Furthermore, the carbon coating improves the corrosion resistance compared to the raw alloy material. Observations of the proliferation and morphology of adhered human umbilical vein endothelial cells confirm the non-toxic effect of the carbon film. Additionally, the application of the carbon film significantly reduces the contact angle and enhances the adsorption of albumin in blood, suggesting that employing carbon films as bio-active layers is a viable approach to enhance the performance of NiTi-based blood implants and components.
为了提高镍钛合金在医疗设备中的性能，采用一步热解法成功地在合金表面沉积了从天然棉花中提取的碳涂层。以浸泡在硫酸铜中的天然棉花为碳原料，在低真空和低温条件下进行沉积。对形成的碳层涂层性能的机械和生物相容性进行了全面研究。碳膜在 390 °C 下制备，保温时间为 1-2 h，其均匀性和机械性能表明，碳膜应能保持合金优异的机械性能和超弹性。此外，与原始合金材料相比，碳涂层还能提高耐腐蚀性。对附着的人脐静脉内皮细胞增殖和形态的观察证实了碳膜的无毒作用。此外，碳膜的应用大大降低了接触角，增强了血液中白蛋白的吸附，这表明采用碳膜作为生物活性层是提高镍钛基血液植入物和组件性能的一种可行方法。
{"title":"A cotton-derived carbon coating by thermolysis method for enhanced mechanical and bio-compatibility of NiTi alloy","authors":"Min Zhang , Haiyu Sun , Xiao Zhang , Kun Lian , Ping Zong","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111744","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111744","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To elevate the performance of NiTi alloy in medical devices, carbon coating derived from natural cotton has been successfully deposited onto the alloy surface using a one-step thermolysis method. Natural cotton soaked in copper sulfate was utilized as carbon raw material, and the deposition process was carried out at low vacuum and temperature requirements. The mechanical and bio-compatibility of the coating performance of resulted carbon layer has been studied comprehensively. The uniformity and mechanical properties of the carbon film prepared at 390 °C, with a holding time of 1–2 h, indicate that it should retain the alloy's excellent mechanical properties and superelasticity. Furthermore, the carbon coating improves the corrosion resistance compared to the raw alloy material. Observations of the proliferation and morphology of adhered human umbilical vein endothelial cells confirm the non-toxic effect of the carbon film. Additionally, the application of the carbon film significantly reduces the contact angle and enhances the adsorption of albumin in blood, suggesting that employing carbon films as bio-active layers is a viable approach to enhance the performance of NiTi-based blood implants and components.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 111744"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142702992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111778
Jenisha Daisy Priscillal , Sea-Fue Wang , Satoshi Kameoka
In the modern world, heteroatom-doped carbon allotropes play a pivotal role in both fundamental and applied nanotechnology advancements. Due to their exceptional electrical, thermal, chemical, and mechanical properties, which are strongly influenced by the synthesis method, they are highly suitable for a wide range of applications. Catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD) is the leading synthesis technique for producing nitrogen-doped carbon nanofibers (NCNFs) with controlled morphology and structural properties. This report emphasizes the significant influence of reaction temperature on synthesizing CNFs using a LaNi5Pt1.0 intermetallic catalyst. The LaNi5Pt1.0 catalysts prepared through an arc melting process, acted as templates for the catalytic conversion of carbon precursors into solid material via the CCVD method. Additionally, this study provides valuable insights into the temperature-dependent phase transitions and carbon diffusion during the synthesis of NCNFs. The surface segregation mechanism driving phase changes in the catalyst plays a crucial role in the active formation of NCNFs. The segregation of metallic nickel into the CNF structure significantly impacts N-CNF formation, highlighting the intricate dynamics involved in CNF synthesis. Overall, these findings offer a deeper understanding of the synthesis process and the structural evolution of N-CNFs across different growth temperatures.
{"title":"Temperature-driven structural and morphological changes in nitrogen-doped carbon nanofibers synthesized via LaNi5Pt1.0 intermetallic catalyst","authors":"Jenisha Daisy Priscillal , Sea-Fue Wang , Satoshi Kameoka","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111778","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111778","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the modern world, heteroatom-doped carbon allotropes play a pivotal role in both fundamental and applied nanotechnology advancements. Due to their exceptional electrical, thermal, chemical, and mechanical properties, which are strongly influenced by the synthesis method, they are highly suitable for a wide range of applications. Catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD) is the leading synthesis technique for producing nitrogen-doped carbon nanofibers (NCNFs) with controlled morphology and structural properties. This report emphasizes the significant influence of reaction temperature on synthesizing CNFs using a LaNi<sub>5</sub>Pt<sub>1.0</sub> intermetallic catalyst. The LaNi<sub>5</sub>Pt<sub>1.0</sub> catalysts prepared through an arc melting process, acted as templates for the catalytic conversion of carbon precursors into solid material via the CCVD method. Additionally, this study provides valuable insights into the temperature-dependent phase transitions and carbon diffusion during the synthesis of NCNFs. The surface segregation mechanism driving phase changes in the catalyst plays a crucial role in the active formation of NCNFs. The segregation of metallic nickel into the CNF structure significantly impacts N-CNF formation, highlighting the intricate dynamics involved in CNF synthesis. Overall, these findings offer a deeper understanding of the synthesis process and the structural evolution of N-CNFs across different growth temperatures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 111778"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111776
Qilong Wu , Huawei Sun , Hongwei Zhao , Yujia Li , Zhipeng Sun , Lei Zhang
Diamond/Ni-based wear-resistant coatings were fabricated on 45 steel using induction cladding, followed by laser remelting of the gradient coatings. The microstructure, phase composition, hardness, and friction properties of the coatings were examined. Results revealed that the surfaces of the composite and gradient coatings primarily consisted of a hard γ-Ni matrix and phases such as diamond, Cr7C3, and Cr23C6. High-temperature diffusion results in a strong metallurgical bond between the coating and the substrate. The gradient coating design significantly reduce the physical property mismatch between the 45 steel substrate and the composite coating. While laser remelting increased chromium aggregation and achieved a more uniform distribution of Fe, Ni, and Si. XRD analysis indicated that the Ni2Si diffraction peaks disappeared. Concurrently, the surface roughness and wear loss of the coating decreased, while the microhardness of the surface layer increased to 1030.74 HV, enhancing surface wear and corrosion resistance performance.
{"title":"Optimized strategy for induction cladding of diamond/Ni-based wear-resistant coatings","authors":"Qilong Wu , Huawei Sun , Hongwei Zhao , Yujia Li , Zhipeng Sun , Lei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111776","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111776","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diamond/Ni-based wear-resistant coatings were fabricated on 45 steel using induction cladding, followed by laser remelting of the gradient coatings. The microstructure, phase composition, hardness, and friction properties of the coatings were examined. Results revealed that the surfaces of the composite and gradient coatings primarily consisted of a hard γ-Ni matrix and phases such as diamond, Cr<sub>7</sub>C<sub>3</sub>, and Cr<sub>23</sub>C<sub>6</sub>. High-temperature diffusion results in a strong metallurgical bond between the coating and the substrate. The gradient coating design significantly reduce the physical property mismatch between the 45 steel substrate and the composite coating. While laser remelting increased chromium aggregation and achieved a more uniform distribution of Fe, Ni, and Si. XRD analysis indicated that the Ni<sub>2</sub>Si diffraction peaks disappeared. Concurrently, the surface roughness and wear loss of the coating decreased, while the microhardness of the surface layer increased to 1030.74 HV, enhancing surface wear and corrosion resistance performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 111776"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111775
Cristiane Costa Washek , Luz Stefany Murcia-Correa , Luis Francisco Bonetti , Evaldo José Corat , Vladimir Jesus Trava-Airoldi
This work shows a new and surprising application of Diamond-Like Carbon as Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) substrate. It was investigated with the well-known Rhodamine 6G (R6G) as SERS test molecule and extended the detection limit to the astonishing attomolar level, which means single molecule detection. The SERS substrate started by depositing excellent quality Diamond-Like Carbon (DLC) on aluminum, followed by laser modification of the DLC in a delimited area that defines the SERS substrate. The laser action gives electrical conductivity between the scratched surface and the aluminum. Silver was electrodeposited on this delimited area. The high Enhancement Factor was around 5 × 1012 at an R6G concentration of 7 × 10−18 M, observed only at few (and difficult to hit upon) points since the surface density was smaller than 2 R6G molecules/mm2. At each of the larger concentrations tested (7 × 10−15, 7 × 10−12, 7 × 10−9 and 7 × 10−6 M), the Raman intensities were in the same order of magnitude along the whole substrate, indicating a pretty homogeneous sensitivity. The repeatability among 5 samples tested at 7 × 10−12 M showed a standard deviation of only 18 %. The nano porous structure of the silver deposits, shown by Field Emission Gun Scanning Electron Microscopy (FEG-SEM) appears to be like many other studies with electroplated silver. However, the Raman spectra backgrounds show that amorphous carbon is interacting with the silver nanoparticles. A probable explanation for the superior EF is the synergistic contributions of plasmon enhancement from silver and chemical enhancement from amorphous carbon nanostructure.
{"title":"DLC based substrate enabling single molecule detection by Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS)","authors":"Cristiane Costa Washek , Luz Stefany Murcia-Correa , Luis Francisco Bonetti , Evaldo José Corat , Vladimir Jesus Trava-Airoldi","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111775","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111775","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work shows a new and surprising application of Diamond-Like Carbon as Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) substrate. It was investigated with the well-known Rhodamine 6G (R6G) as SERS test molecule and extended the detection limit to the astonishing attomolar level, which means single molecule detection. The SERS substrate started by depositing excellent quality Diamond-Like Carbon (DLC) on aluminum, followed by laser modification of the DLC in a delimited area that defines the SERS substrate. The laser action gives electrical conductivity between the scratched surface and the aluminum. Silver was electrodeposited on this delimited area. The high Enhancement Factor was around 5 × 10<sup>12</sup> at an R6G concentration of 7 × 10<sup>−18</sup> M, observed only at few (and difficult to hit upon) points since the surface density was smaller than 2 R6G molecules/mm<sup>2</sup>. At each of the larger concentrations tested (7 × 10<sup>−15</sup>, 7 × 10<sup>−12</sup>, 7 × 10<sup>−9</sup> and 7 × 10<sup>−6</sup> M), the Raman intensities were in the same order of magnitude along the whole substrate, indicating a pretty homogeneous sensitivity. The repeatability among 5 samples tested at 7 × 10<sup>−12</sup> M showed a standard deviation of only 18 %. The nano porous structure of the silver deposits, shown by Field Emission Gun Scanning Electron Microscopy (FEG-SEM) appears to be like many other studies with electroplated silver. However, the Raman spectra backgrounds show that amorphous carbon is interacting with the silver nanoparticles. A probable explanation for the superior EF is the synergistic contributions of plasmon enhancement from silver and chemical enhancement from amorphous carbon nanostructure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 111775"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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