Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2026.113338
Arumugam Poongan , Pauldurai Vasumathi , Murugan Anbarasu , N. Priyadharshini , Xiang Wang , Xingmao Jiang , Perumal Venkatesh
In this study, a new and simple electrochemical biosensor was created by modifying a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) altered with graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) decorated with cadmium sulfide (CdS) and zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) has been was developed and used for the voltammetric assessment of theophylline (TPE), thymine (TMN). Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) was utilized to examine the properties of the modified electrode, while Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) was employed to inspect the electrochemical biosensor response of TPE and TMN on the CdS/ZrO2@g-CN. The outcomes revealed that the TPE and TMN determination may be performed at the potential window while avoiding interference from the oxidation current peak. During optimal circumstances, the manufacturing nanocomposite sensor demonstrated outstanding results in determining TPE and TMN, exhibiting a linear dynamic ranging from 5 to 390 μM, 7 to 325.5 μM, as well as lower detection limits (S/N = 3) of 0.055and 0.064 μM, respectively. CdS/ZrO2@g-CN/GCE sensor offered several advantages, including ease of manufacture, high sensitivity, stability, and reproducibility. The CdS/ZrO2@g-CN/GCE enables real-time sensing of Theophylline and Thymine, with recovery results verified by HPLC standards to ensure precise and accurate quantification.
{"title":"Simultaneous electrochemical biosensing of theophylline and thymine in pharmaceuticals and DNA bases in meat samples using CdS/ZrO2@g-CN ternary nanocomposite-coated glassy carbon electrode","authors":"Arumugam Poongan , Pauldurai Vasumathi , Murugan Anbarasu , N. Priyadharshini , Xiang Wang , Xingmao Jiang , Perumal Venkatesh","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2026.113338","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2026.113338","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a new and simple electrochemical biosensor was created by modifying a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) altered with graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) decorated with cadmium sulfide (CdS) and zirconium dioxide (ZrO<sub>2</sub>) has been was developed and used for the voltammetric assessment of theophylline (TPE), thymine (TMN). Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) was utilized to examine the properties of the modified electrode, while Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) was employed to inspect the electrochemical biosensor response of TPE and TMN on the CdS/ZrO<sub>2</sub>@g-CN. The outcomes revealed that the TPE and TMN determination may be performed at the potential window while avoiding interference from the oxidation current peak. During optimal circumstances, the manufacturing nanocomposite sensor demonstrated outstanding results in determining TPE and TMN, exhibiting a linear dynamic ranging from 5 to 390 μM, 7 to 325.5 μM, as well as lower detection limits (S/N = 3) of 0.055and 0.064 μM, respectively. CdS/ZrO<sub>2</sub>@g-CN/GCE sensor offered several advantages, including ease of manufacture, high sensitivity, stability, and reproducibility. The CdS/ZrO<sub>2</sub>@g-CN/GCE enables real-time sensing of Theophylline and Thymine, with recovery results verified by HPLC standards to ensure precise and accurate quantification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 113338"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146001762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-16DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2026.113343
Youssef Miyah , Mohammed Benjelloun , Omar Boualam , Souad El Alami , Fatiha Mejbar , Ibtissam Bouabadi , Abdelilah Merabti , Noureddine El Messaoudi , Mouslim Messali , Ashraf M. Al-Msiedeen , Sanae Lairini
Sheep horn activated carbon with KOH (SHAC) proved to be an effective adsorbent for removing Crystal Violet (CV) and Congo Red (CR). Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analyses confirmed the presence of –OH, –SH, CC, CN, NH, and COO functional groups derived from keratin, while Thermogravimetric Analysis coupled with Differential Thermal Analysis (TGA/DTA) revealed the decomposition of oxidized proteins and the crystallization of KOH-bound water. For CV, the optimal adsorption equilibrium efficiency reached 98.62% at [CV] = 40 mg L−1, dose = 1.25 g L−1, pH = 10, contact time = 50 min; adsorption followed the Langmuir and pseudo-first-order models, indicating physisorption with increasing disorder. For CR, the maximum equilibrium adsorption is 73.89% at [CR] = 40 mg L−1, adsorbent dose = 1.25 g L−1, pH = 2, contact time = 50 min following Temkin, Freundlich, and pseudo-first-order kinetics, reflecting endothermic physisorption. The Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models perform excellently (R2 = 0.965, MSE = 2.9374 for CV, and R2 = 0.9718, MSE = 4.963 for CR), and Box Behnken Design (BBD) confirms their validity (ANOVA p-value = 0.0038 for CV, 0 for CR, Cook's distance <0.2). Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations show that CV (ΔE = 1.735 eV, S = 0.567 eV, ω = 9.175 eV) is more reactive than CR (ΔE = 2.833 eV, η = 1.416 eV). Electrostatic potential (ESP) maps and Fukui indices identify nitrogen atoms, aromatic carbon atoms, and –SO3− and –N=N– groups as active sites. After 5 thermal regeneration cycles, SHAC retains 69% of its capacity for CV and 23% for CR. The adsorption cost is estimated at $0.32 L−1, confirming the efficiency, durability, and cost-effectiveness of SHAC.
{"title":"Toxic dyes adsorption using sheep horn activated carbon: Mechanism, DFT study, artificial neural network, Box–Behnken modeling, and cost estimation","authors":"Youssef Miyah , Mohammed Benjelloun , Omar Boualam , Souad El Alami , Fatiha Mejbar , Ibtissam Bouabadi , Abdelilah Merabti , Noureddine El Messaoudi , Mouslim Messali , Ashraf M. Al-Msiedeen , Sanae Lairini","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2026.113343","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2026.113343","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sheep horn activated carbon with KOH (SHAC) proved to be an effective adsorbent for removing Crystal Violet (CV) and Congo Red (CR). Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analyses confirmed the presence of –OH, –SH, C<img>C, C<img>N, N<img>H, and COO functional groups derived from keratin, while Thermogravimetric Analysis coupled with Differential Thermal Analysis (TGA/DTA) revealed the decomposition of oxidized proteins and the crystallization of KOH-bound water. For CV, the optimal adsorption equilibrium efficiency reached 98.62% at [CV] = 40 mg L<sup>−1</sup>, dose = 1.25 g L<sup>−1</sup>, pH = 10, contact time = 50 min; adsorption followed the Langmuir and pseudo-first-order models, indicating physisorption with increasing disorder. For CR, the maximum equilibrium adsorption is 73.89% at [CR] = 40 mg L<sup>−1</sup>, adsorbent dose = 1.25 g L<sup>−1</sup>, pH = 2, contact time = 50 min following Temkin, Freundlich, and pseudo-first-order kinetics, reflecting endothermic physisorption. The Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models perform excellently (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.965, MSE = 2.9374 for CV, and R<sup>2</sup> = 0.9718, MSE = 4.963 for CR), and Box Behnken Design (BBD) confirms their validity (ANOVA <em>p</em>-value = 0.0038 for CV, 0 for CR, Cook's distance <0.2). Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations show that CV (ΔE = 1.735 eV, S = 0.567 eV, ω = 9.175 eV) is more reactive than CR (ΔE = 2.833 eV, η = 1.416 eV). Electrostatic potential (ESP) maps and Fukui indices identify nitrogen atoms, aromatic carbon atoms, and –SO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> and –N=N– groups as active sites. After 5 thermal regeneration cycles, SHAC retains 69% of its capacity for CV and 23% for CR. The adsorption cost is estimated at $0.32 L<sup>−1</sup>, confirming the efficiency, durability, and cost-effectiveness of SHAC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 113343"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-02-03DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2026.113397
Jiangang Jia , Zhongtian Yuan , Yang Xiao , Xingjun Wang , Zerui Wang , Yihai Cui , Diqiang Liu
Carbon foams fabricated by conventional polymeric methods usually possess poor mechanical properties. In this paper, we introduced an efficient way to prepare high-strength carbon foams reinforced by carbon nanotubes. This was achieved by developing a template replication method using phenolic resin as carbon source. The prepared CNTs/carbon foams showing cross-linked networks with uniformly dispersed CNTs exhibit excellent mechanical strength and low thermal conductivity. Moreover, CNTs content significantly affects the pore structure and mechanical properties of carbon foams. As CNTs content increase from 0 wt% to 1.5 wt%, the number of bubble pores in carbon foams significantly decreases and the distribution of template pores is more uniform. Apart from variation in pore structure, the fabricated CNT/carbon foam shows an enhanced mechanical strength. Mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of CNTs/carbon foams can be adjusted by varying content of CNTs. As the result, the compressive strength first increases from 57 MPa to 160 MPa and then decreases to 82 MPa, when CNTs content increases from 0 wt% to 1.5 wt%. This strengthening effect is primarily attributed to the uniform distribution of CNTs under mechanical loading, which promotes crack deflection, crack branching and bridging. As CNTs content increases from 0 wt% to 1.5 wt%, the thermal conductivity gradually increases until it reaches the maximum value of 0.51 Wm−1 k−1 and then decreases.
{"title":"High-strength carbon foams derived from phenolic resin with carbon nanotubes as secondary phase","authors":"Jiangang Jia , Zhongtian Yuan , Yang Xiao , Xingjun Wang , Zerui Wang , Yihai Cui , Diqiang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2026.113397","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2026.113397","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon foams fabricated by conventional polymeric methods usually possess poor mechanical properties. In this paper, we introduced an efficient way to prepare high-strength carbon foams reinforced by carbon nanotubes. This was achieved by developing a template replication method using phenolic resin as carbon source. The prepared CNTs/carbon foams showing cross-linked networks with uniformly dispersed CNTs exhibit excellent mechanical strength and low thermal conductivity. Moreover, CNTs content significantly affects the pore structure and mechanical properties of carbon foams. As CNTs content increase from 0 wt% to 1.5 wt%, the number of bubble pores in carbon foams significantly decreases and the distribution of template pores is more uniform. Apart from variation in pore structure, the fabricated CNT/carbon foam shows an enhanced mechanical strength. Mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of CNTs/carbon foams can be adjusted by varying content of CNTs. As the result, the compressive strength first increases from 57 MPa to 160 MPa and then decreases to 82 MPa, when CNTs content increases from 0 wt% to 1.5 wt%. This strengthening effect is primarily attributed to the uniform distribution of CNTs under mechanical loading, which promotes crack deflection, crack branching and bridging. As CNTs content increases from 0 wt% to 1.5 wt%, the thermal conductivity gradually increases until it reaches the maximum value of 0.51 Wm<sup>−1</sup> k<sup>−1</sup> and then decreases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 113397"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146184738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-02-16DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2026.113445
Yunlong Wang , Guochong Gong , Haoyu Li , Shuqi Liu , Guoyuan Wang , Wenfeng Qin , Jiayu Xie , Chunsheng Li
In the field of flexible electronics, developing high-performance flexible humidity sensors with a good balance among sensitivity, stability, and flexibility remains a significant challenge. This study presents a flexible humidity sensor based on an MXene/bamboo cellulose fibers (BCFs) aerogel membrane for applications in human health monitoring. The sensor is fabricated through vacuum filtration and freeze-drying processes to construct a porous aerogel structure. The interlayer spacing of MXene is effectively modulated by leveraging the hygroscopic expansion of BCFs, enabling a resistive response to variations in humidity. The results demonstrate that the sensor achieves a sensitivity of 2.46%/% RH(it means that the resistance change rate of the humidity sensor is 2.46% for every 1% change in humidity), with response and recovery times of 260 s and 282 s, respectively. The device exhibits stable performance over multiple adsorption-desorption cycles and after 14 days of ambient exposure. Furthermore, it has been successfully employed in non-contact monitoring of physiological signals, including respiration, fingertip humidity, and voice recognition, highlighting its promising potential for use in flexible electronics and real-time health monitoring systems.
{"title":"Flexible MXene/bamboo cellulose aerogel membrane humidity sensor for non-contact monitoring of human health signals","authors":"Yunlong Wang , Guochong Gong , Haoyu Li , Shuqi Liu , Guoyuan Wang , Wenfeng Qin , Jiayu Xie , Chunsheng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2026.113445","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2026.113445","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the field of flexible electronics, developing high-performance flexible humidity sensors with a good balance among sensitivity, stability, and flexibility remains a significant challenge. This study presents a flexible humidity sensor based on an MXene/bamboo cellulose fibers (BCFs) aerogel membrane for applications in human health monitoring. The sensor is fabricated through vacuum filtration and freeze-drying processes to construct a porous aerogel structure. The interlayer spacing of MXene is effectively modulated by leveraging the hygroscopic expansion of BCFs, enabling a resistive response to variations in humidity. The results demonstrate that the sensor achieves a sensitivity of 2.46%/% RH(it means that the resistance change rate of the humidity sensor is 2.46% for every 1% change in humidity), with response and recovery times of 260 s and 282 s, respectively. The device exhibits stable performance over multiple adsorption-desorption cycles and after 14 days of ambient exposure. Furthermore, it has been successfully employed in non-contact monitoring of physiological signals, including respiration, fingertip humidity, and voice recognition, highlighting its promising potential for use in flexible electronics and real-time health monitoring systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 113445"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147421429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Improving the properties of drilling fluids is the most important step to upgrade the performance of drilling wells. One of the ways to further enhance the characteristics of drilling fluids is the use of nanomaterial additives. This paper presents the results of a comprehensive experimental study on the effect of additives of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) on the main functional characteristics of hydrocarbon-based drilling fluids. The influence of the hydrocarbon phase content (from 50 to 80 vol%) on the properties of drilling fluids modified with 0.1 wt% single-walled carbon nanotubes has been examined for the first time. The influence of the SWCNT additive on the effective viscosity, rheology and microrheology, thixotropic and creep recovery, oscillatory viscoelastic properties, aging and colloidal stability, filtration losses, coefficient of friction of drilling fluids has been studied. The research results have shown that the addition of SWCNT may significantly enhance key functional characteristics such as gel strength and colloidal stability of drilling fluids in a wide range of varying concentrations of the hydrocarbon phase. This makes single-walled carbon nanotubes a universal tool for controlling the functional properties of various hydrocarbon drilling fluids in various operating conditions. This improvement is attributed to the formation of a bulk elastic network, as quantitatively demonstrated by enhanced rheological moduli and stability.
{"title":"The effect of adding single-walled carbon nanotubes on the functional characteristics of drilling fluids with different hydrocarbon phase contents","authors":"A.V. Minakov , A.D. Skorobogatova , E.I. Lysakova , S.D. Kazanina , M.I. Pryazhnikov","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2026.113344","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2026.113344","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Improving the properties of drilling fluids is the most important step to upgrade the performance of drilling wells. One of the ways to further enhance the characteristics of drilling fluids is the use of nanomaterial additives. This paper presents the results of a comprehensive experimental study on the effect of additives of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) on the main functional characteristics of hydrocarbon-based drilling fluids. The influence of the hydrocarbon phase content (from 50 to 80 vol%) on the properties of drilling fluids modified with 0.1 wt% single-walled carbon nanotubes has been examined for the first time. The influence of the SWCNT additive on the effective viscosity, rheology and microrheology, thixotropic and creep recovery, oscillatory viscoelastic properties, aging and colloidal stability, filtration losses, coefficient of friction of drilling fluids has been studied. The research results have shown that the addition of SWCNT may significantly enhance key functional characteristics such as gel strength and colloidal stability of drilling fluids in a wide range of varying concentrations of the hydrocarbon phase. This makes single-walled carbon nanotubes a universal tool for controlling the functional properties of various hydrocarbon drilling fluids in various operating conditions. This improvement is attributed to the formation of a bulk elastic network, as quantitatively demonstrated by enhanced rheological moduli and stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 113344"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146075443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-28DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2026.113378
Yangyang Yang , Ying Ren , Weichun He , Yikang Ma , Qianqian Chen , Lizhen Wei , Zelin Wang , Bing Xue , Huichao Zheng , Zhengxin Li
In response to environmental pollution caused by organic contaminants, the use of boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes for the electrolytic removal of organic pollutants has emerged as a significant research strategy in recent years. However, conventional planar BDD electrodes suffer from limitations in mass transfer efficiency and electrochemical active surface area, which adversely affect their degradation performance. In this study, BDD electrodes were fabricated using MPCVD technology. These electrodes were then subjected to surface modification via various methods, resulting in a series of modified BDD electrodes. The morphology and structure characteristics of the electrodes were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy. Their electrochemical performance and efficiency in degrading tetracycline contaminants were evaluated by an electrochemical workstation and ultraviolet-visible (UV–Vis) spectrophotometer. The results indicated that surface modification significantly altered the electrode morphology. Electrochemical analysis revealed that the active area of the electrodes increased by 1.94-fold and 2.90-fold, respectively, after hydrogen etching via MPCVD and dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) treatment. After 120 min of degradation testing, the DBD-treated BDD electrode demonstrated the highest organic pollutant removal rate (85.4%) and the greatest apparent reaction rate constant (0.0155 min−1) among all tested electrodes.
{"title":"Study on surface modification of boron-doped diamond electrodes and their electrochemical oxidation performance","authors":"Yangyang Yang , Ying Ren , Weichun He , Yikang Ma , Qianqian Chen , Lizhen Wei , Zelin Wang , Bing Xue , Huichao Zheng , Zhengxin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2026.113378","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2026.113378","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In response to environmental pollution caused by organic contaminants, the use of boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes for the electrolytic removal of organic pollutants has emerged as a significant research strategy in recent years. However, conventional planar BDD electrodes suffer from limitations in mass transfer efficiency and electrochemical active surface area, which adversely affect their degradation performance. In this study, BDD electrodes were fabricated using MPCVD technology. These electrodes were then subjected to surface modification via various methods, resulting in a series of modified BDD electrodes. The morphology and structure characteristics of the electrodes were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy. Their electrochemical performance and efficiency in degrading tetracycline contaminants were evaluated by an electrochemical workstation and ultraviolet-visible (UV–Vis) spectrophotometer. The results indicated that surface modification significantly altered the electrode morphology. Electrochemical analysis revealed that the active area of the electrodes increased by 1.94-fold and 2.90-fold, respectively, after hydrogen etching via MPCVD and dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) treatment. After 120 min of degradation testing, the DBD-treated BDD electrode demonstrated the highest organic pollutant removal rate (85.4%) and the greatest apparent reaction rate constant (0.0155 min<sup>−1</sup>) among all tested electrodes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 113378"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146075447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-19DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2026.113329
Zhenfei Lv , Xuejia Zhang , Chong Lan , Jiahua Gao , Junchi Weng , Haotian Fan , Xu Lu , Xiulin Shen
The intensifying electromagnetic pollution in the 5G era urgently demands the development of highly efficient electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbing materials. This study employs a surfactant-assisted solvothermal method, utilizing methylene blue-saturated woody activated carbon (SWAC) as a sustainable carbon matrix, to successfully synthesize a series of cobalt-doped CoxMn1-xFe2O4/SWAC composites with tunable molar ratios. By optimizing the Co/Mn molar ratio, the composite exhibits outstanding microwave absorption performance at an ultra-thin thickness of just 1.34 mm when x = 0.6: minimum reflection loss (RLmin) reaches −55.67 dB, and effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) spans 2.16 GHz (15.84–18 GHz). Its matched thickness was significantly reduced by 57% compared to the control sample. The performance enhancement stems from multiscale synergistic effects induced by cobalt doping: cobalt enhances hysteresis loss and optimizes the natural resonant frequency; the difference in ionic radii between Co2+ and Mn2+ ions induces lattice distortion, promoting interfacial polarization. These mechanisms collectively optimize the material's impedance matching and attenuation capabilities, realizing a synergistic magnetoelectric loss mechanism. This study provides a novel strategy for designing lightweight, high-performance, and sustainable broadband electromagnetic wave absorbers.
{"title":"Cobalt-doped CoxMn1-xFe2O4/SWAC composites for ultra-thin and high-performance electromagnetic wave absorption","authors":"Zhenfei Lv , Xuejia Zhang , Chong Lan , Jiahua Gao , Junchi Weng , Haotian Fan , Xu Lu , Xiulin Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2026.113329","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2026.113329","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The intensifying electromagnetic pollution in the 5G era urgently demands the development of highly efficient electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbing materials. This study employs a surfactant-assisted solvothermal method, utilizing methylene blue-saturated woody activated carbon (SWAC) as a sustainable carbon matrix, to successfully synthesize a series of cobalt-doped Co<sub>x</sub>Mn<sub>1-x</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/SWAC composites with tunable molar ratios. By optimizing the Co/Mn molar ratio, the composite exhibits outstanding microwave absorption performance at an ultra-thin thickness of just 1.34 mm when x = 0.6: minimum reflection loss (RL<sub>min</sub>) reaches −55.67 dB, and effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) spans 2.16 GHz (15.84–18 GHz). Its matched thickness was significantly reduced by 57% compared to the control sample. The performance enhancement stems from multiscale synergistic effects induced by cobalt doping: cobalt enhances hysteresis loss and optimizes the natural resonant frequency; the difference in ionic radii between Co<sup>2+</sup> and Mn<sup>2+</sup> ions induces lattice distortion, promoting interfacial polarization. These mechanisms collectively optimize the material's impedance matching and attenuation capabilities, realizing a synergistic magnetoelectric loss mechanism. This study provides a novel strategy for designing lightweight, high-performance, and sustainable broadband electromagnetic wave absorbers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 113329"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Developing effective neuroprotective therapies requires not only the design of potent enzyme inhibitors but also efficient delivery systems capable of crossing biological barriers. To address this, the present study employs a dual computational framework, integrating Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations and molecular docking simulations, to evaluate rasagiline derivatives as potential monoamine oxidase (MAO) A and B inhibitors and to assess their delivery via carbon-based nanocarriers, C60 fullerene, carbon nanosheets (CNS), and carbon nanotubes (CNT). DFT analysis revealed that C60 fullerene is the most suitable nanocarrier, exhibiting optimal adsorption strengths ranging from −0.23 (gas phase) to −0.40 eV (aqueous phase). The formation of stable rasagiline-fullerene complexes, governed by non-covalent interactions, induced significant electronic modulation in the derivatives, thereby suggesting enhanced chemical reactivity and favorable delivery compatibility. Molecular docking studies further demonstrated isoform-specific inhibition, with derivative R6 exhibiting the highest affinity for MAO-A (binding energy −5.15 kcal/mol) and derivative R4 showing the strongest interaction with MAO-B (−8.58 kcal/mol). Collectively, the findings demonstrate that rasagiline derivatives possess strong inhibitory potential against MAO isoforms. Furthermore, the excellent stability of C60 fullerene and its ability to serve as a nanocarrier for R4 through weak physical interactions make it a promising nanoplatform for targeted and efficient delivery.
{"title":"Molecular docking and DFT study of rasagiline derivatives with MAO enzymes and their interaction with carbon nanostructure-based nanocarriers","authors":"Aidin Pezeshki , Milad Nouraliei , Mohammed Fanokh Al-Owaidi , Majid Farsadrooh , Nargiza Kamolova , Maziar Noei","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.113266","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.113266","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing effective neuroprotective therapies requires not only the design of potent enzyme inhibitors but also efficient delivery systems capable of crossing biological barriers. To address this, the present study employs a dual computational framework, integrating Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations and molecular docking simulations, to evaluate rasagiline derivatives as potential monoamine oxidase (MAO) A and B inhibitors and to assess their delivery via carbon-based nanocarriers, C<sub>60</sub> fullerene, carbon nanosheets (CNS), and carbon nanotubes (CNT). DFT analysis revealed that C<sub>60</sub> fullerene is the most suitable nanocarrier, exhibiting optimal adsorption strengths ranging from −0.23 (gas phase) to −0.40 eV (aqueous phase). The formation of stable rasagiline-fullerene complexes, governed by non-covalent interactions, induced significant electronic modulation in the derivatives, thereby suggesting enhanced chemical reactivity and favorable delivery compatibility. Molecular docking studies further demonstrated isoform-specific inhibition, with derivative R6 exhibiting the highest affinity for MAO-A (binding energy −5.15 kcal/mol) and derivative R4 showing the strongest interaction with MAO-B (−8.58 kcal/mol). Collectively, the findings demonstrate that rasagiline derivatives possess strong inhibitory potential against MAO isoforms. Furthermore, the excellent stability of C<sub>60</sub> fullerene and its ability to serve as a nanocarrier for R4 through weak physical interactions make it a promising nanoplatform for targeted and efficient delivery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 113266"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2026.113319
Özlem Tuna , Nurseli Görener Erdem , Nergiz Kanmaz , Hatice Hande Mert , Mehmet Selçuk Mert , Esra Bilgin Simsek
Driven by their inherent synergistic effects, multifunctional composite materials have gained significant attention due to their ability to simultaneously address challenges in wastewater remediation and energy storage. In this study, Ti3C2/ZnO heterostructure was synthesized that exhibited considerable performance in both photocatalysis and thermal energy storage. The as-synthesized heterojunction showed unique structural characteristics, namely a highly porous structure, and a large specific surface area. The synergistic effect of Ti3C2 and ZnO contributed to remarkable physicochemical properties, including high visible light absorption, enhanced separation of photo-generated carrier and modulated band gap that aligned well with Z-scheme mechanism. The features enabled to a 95.2% decomposition of levofloxacin over TiC (3)@ZnO under visible light irradiation, mainly driven by super oxide radicals with additional contributions from hydroxyl radicals and photo-induced holes. Furthermore, integration of the phase change material n-octadecane (OD) into the heterostructure resulted in outstanding thermal energy performance with the OD/TiC (3)@ZnO composite exhibiting 15.85 times higher thermal conductivity compared to OD. Overall, this work provides valuable insights into the development of multifunctional MXene/ZnO-based heterostructures, addressing the challenges of wastewater treatment and sustainable energy storage.
{"title":"Synergistic MXene/ZnO heterostructure for sustainable environmental remediation and energy storage","authors":"Özlem Tuna , Nurseli Görener Erdem , Nergiz Kanmaz , Hatice Hande Mert , Mehmet Selçuk Mert , Esra Bilgin Simsek","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2026.113319","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2026.113319","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Driven by their inherent synergistic effects, multifunctional composite materials have gained significant attention due to their ability to simultaneously address challenges in wastewater remediation and energy storage. In this study, Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>/ZnO heterostructure was synthesized that exhibited considerable performance in both photocatalysis and thermal energy storage. The as-synthesized heterojunction showed unique structural characteristics, namely a highly porous structure, and a large specific surface area. The synergistic effect of Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> and ZnO contributed to remarkable physicochemical properties, including high visible light absorption, enhanced separation of photo-generated carrier and modulated band gap that aligned well with <em>Z</em>-scheme mechanism. The features enabled to a 95.2% decomposition of levofloxacin over TiC (3)@ZnO under visible light irradiation, mainly driven by super oxide radicals with additional contributions from hydroxyl radicals and photo-induced holes. Furthermore, integration of the phase change material n-octadecane (OD) into the heterostructure resulted in outstanding thermal energy performance with the OD/TiC (3)@ZnO composite exhibiting 15.85 times higher thermal conductivity compared to OD. Overall, this work provides valuable insights into the development of multifunctional MXene/ZnO-based heterostructures, addressing the challenges of wastewater treatment and sustainable energy storage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 113319"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146001763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-17DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2026.113346
Jitha S. Jayan , Sajitha S. Jayan , Appukuttan Saritha
The size-dependent optical properties, high surface area, tunable surface chemistry, and favourable electrical conductivity of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) make them highly promising for use in optoelectronics and energy storage. GQDs synthesized in powder form can facilitate storage, transport, and integration into devices for sensing, electronics, bioimaging, and supercapacitors. In the current study GQDs with an average size of 6.46 nm are prepared from tender coconut water in the powder form. The graphitic nature and the surface functionalities in the synthesized GQDs were confirmed by the help of FTIR, Raman, XRD and XPS analysis. The powder GQDs are capable of dispersing in water and shows photoluminescence characteristics with a quantum yield of 19.3%. The synthesized GQDs show better electrical conductivities over Graphene Oxide (GO) and better charge transfer performance as evident from the electrochemical studies. Moreover, the synthesized GQDs shows better thermal stability over GO synthesized via Hummer's method. The cyclic voltammetry studies (CV) reveal that GQDs shows a specific capacitance of 10.6 F g−1, which is 27.4 time higher than that of GO.
石墨烯量子点（GQDs）具有尺寸相关的光学特性、高表面积、可调的表面化学性质和良好的导电性，使其在光电子学和储能方面具有很高的应用前景。以粉末形式合成的GQDs可以促进存储，运输和集成到传感，电子，生物成像和超级电容器的设备中。在目前的研究中，GQDs的平均尺寸为6.46 nm，由嫩椰子水制成粉末状。利用红外光谱（FTIR）、拉曼光谱（Raman）、x射线衍射（XRD）和XPS等分析手段对合成的GQDs的石墨性质和表面官能团进行了表征。粉末GQDs在水中具有良好的分散性能，并表现出光致发光特性，量子产率为19.3%。电化学研究表明，合成的GQDs比氧化石墨烯（GO）具有更好的导电性和更好的电荷转移性能。此外，合成的GQDs比通过Hummer方法合成的氧化石墨烯具有更好的热稳定性。循环伏安研究（CV）表明，GQDs的比电容为10.6 F g−1，是GO的27.4倍。
{"title":"Synthesis of fluorescent graphene quantum dots from tender coconut water","authors":"Jitha S. Jayan , Sajitha S. Jayan , Appukuttan Saritha","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2026.113346","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2026.113346","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The size-dependent optical properties, high surface area, tunable surface chemistry, and favourable electrical conductivity of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) make them highly promising for use in optoelectronics and energy storage. GQDs synthesized in powder form can facilitate storage, transport, and integration into devices for sensing, electronics, bioimaging, and supercapacitors. In the current study GQDs with an average size of 6.46 nm are prepared from tender coconut water in the powder form. The graphitic nature and the surface functionalities in the synthesized GQDs were confirmed by the help of FTIR, Raman, XRD and XPS analysis. The powder GQDs are capable of dispersing in water and shows photoluminescence characteristics with a quantum yield of 19.3%. The synthesized GQDs show better electrical conductivities over Graphene Oxide (GO) and better charge transfer performance as evident from the electrochemical studies. Moreover, the synthesized GQDs shows better thermal stability over GO synthesized via Hummer's method. The cyclic voltammetry studies (CV) reveal that GQDs shows a specific capacitance of 10.6 F g<sup>−1</sup>, which is 27.4 time higher than that of GO.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 113346"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146001766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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