Pub Date : 2025-03-16DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112213
Hamza Aziz , Muhammad Imran , Ali Haider , Anum Shahzadi , Muhammad Mustajab , Anwar Ul-Hamid , Hameed Ullah , Ayesha Hussain , Hisham S.M. Abd-Rabboh , Muhammad Ikram
Coprecipitation method was used to synthesize BaO and (2 and 4 wt%) of GO/PVP doped BaO nanorods (NRs) as potential catalysts for wastewater treatment. This research aims to enhance porosity, and surface area through surface functionalized GO/PVP doped NRs for antimicrobial potential and degradation of rhodamine B (RhB). Efficient RhB degradation was observed in an acidic medium (95.52 %) using sodium borohydride (NaBH4) in absence of light. The agar well diffusion method was used to investigate antimicrobial effectiveness by measuring inhibition zones at high (8.45 ± 0.04 mm) and low (7.05 ± 0.04 mm) concentrations. Molecular docking analysis was performed to establish a theoretical basis for bactericidal effects of BaO, PVP doped BaO, and GO/PVP doped BaO NRs against deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) gyrase in S. aureus. Docking investigations demonstrate that these doped NRs showed the potential as inhibitors of DNA gyrase.
{"title":"Efficient RhB degradation and inactivation of S. aureus with molecular docking studies of PVP and GO assisted BaO nanorods","authors":"Hamza Aziz , Muhammad Imran , Ali Haider , Anum Shahzadi , Muhammad Mustajab , Anwar Ul-Hamid , Hameed Ullah , Ayesha Hussain , Hisham S.M. Abd-Rabboh , Muhammad Ikram","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112213","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112213","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coprecipitation method was used to synthesize BaO and (2 and 4 wt%) of GO/PVP doped BaO nanorods (NRs) as potential catalysts for wastewater treatment. This research aims to enhance porosity, and surface area through surface functionalized GO/PVP doped NRs for antimicrobial potential and degradation of rhodamine B (RhB). Efficient RhB degradation was observed in an acidic medium (95.52 %) using sodium borohydride (NaBH<sub>4</sub>) in absence of light. The agar well diffusion method was used to investigate antimicrobial effectiveness by measuring inhibition zones at high (8.45 ± 0.04 mm) and low (7.05 ± 0.04 mm) concentrations. Molecular docking analysis was performed to establish a theoretical basis for bactericidal effects of BaO, PVP doped BaO, and GO/PVP doped BaO NRs against deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) gyrase in <em>S. aureus</em>. Docking investigations demonstrate that these doped NRs showed the potential as inhibitors of DNA gyrase.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 112213"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143680795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-16DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112215
Jian Luo, Jiahuan Zhu, Yongfeng Ji, Weihong Zhou
Biomass-derived carbon materials have unique advantages in microwave absorption (MA) materials because of sustainable, low-cost and high dielectric loss. In this study, a new FeNi/NiFe2O4/porous carbon spheres (FNP) composite was synthesized by two steps: the first step is using microcrystalline cellulose and polyvinylpyrrolidone to prepare carbon spheres through a hydrothermal method, and the second step is decorating FeNi/NiFe2O4 particles onto the carbon spheres and making pores in carbon spheres through calcining at 800 °C. The FNP composite displays remarkable MA capabilities with a minimum reflection loss of −53.05 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth up to 5.37 GHz. Cole-Cole curves reveal that FeNi and NiFe2O4 particles contribute to interface polarization and magnetic loss, while the interconnected carbon spheres lead to conductive loss. Additionally, the CN, CO, CO, and O-C=O bonds and defects of carbon spheres induce dipole polarization, further enhancing the MA properties of the FNP composites.
{"title":"Porous carbon nano-spheres derived from cellulose decorated by FeNi/NiFe2O4 particles as an outstanding microwave absorbent","authors":"Jian Luo, Jiahuan Zhu, Yongfeng Ji, Weihong Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112215","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112215","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biomass-derived carbon materials have unique advantages in microwave absorption (MA) materials because of sustainable, low-cost and high dielectric loss. In this study, a new FeNi/NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/porous carbon spheres (FNP) composite was synthesized by two steps: the first step is using microcrystalline cellulose and polyvinylpyrrolidone to prepare carbon spheres through a hydrothermal method, and the second step is decorating FeNi/NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> particles onto the carbon spheres and making pores in carbon spheres through calcining at 800 °C. The FNP composite displays remarkable MA capabilities with a minimum reflection loss of −53.05 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth up to 5.37 GHz. Cole-Cole curves reveal that FeNi and NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> particles contribute to interface polarization and magnetic loss, while the interconnected carbon spheres lead to conductive loss. Additionally, the C<img>N, C<img>O, C<img>O, and O-C=O bonds and defects of carbon spheres induce dipole polarization, further enhancing the MA properties of the FNP composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 112215"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143680789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-16DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112217
Artit Ausavasukhi , Tawan Sooknoi
Carbon-based solid acid catalysts were successfully prepared by one-step hydrothermal sulfonation of palm kernel shells. Among the solid acids studied, the catalysts with acidity and hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance were found to be more selective and efficient catalytic systems for the conversion of glycerol to glycerol ethers. The stability of the carbon-based solid acid catalyst was confirmed by a regeneration test, which showed that no leaching of acid groups into solution occurs. In addition, the carbon-based solid acid catalyst prepared by one-step hydrothermal sulfonation at 160 °C exhibits good cyclability. The etherification of glycerol with tertiary butanol occurs in a truly heterogeneous process in the presence of such an acid carbon.
{"title":"Hydrothermal sulfonation of palm kernel shells to produce a carbon-based solid acid catalyst for the glycerol etherification","authors":"Artit Ausavasukhi , Tawan Sooknoi","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112217","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112217","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon-based solid acid catalysts were successfully prepared by one-step hydrothermal sulfonation of palm kernel shells. Among the solid acids studied, the catalysts with acidity and hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance were found to be more selective and efficient catalytic systems for the conversion of glycerol to glycerol ethers. The stability of the carbon-based solid acid catalyst was confirmed by a regeneration test, which showed that no leaching of acid groups into solution occurs. In addition, the carbon-based solid acid catalyst prepared by one-step hydrothermal sulfonation at 160 °C exhibits good cyclability. The etherification of glycerol with tertiary butanol occurs in a truly heterogeneous process in the presence of such an acid carbon.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 112217"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143642891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-16DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112214
Ravi Ranjan Kumar, Deepak Punetha
The optimization of Fermi level absorptance above the Dirac point in graphene is crucial for enhancing its gas sensing capabilities. Graphene's exceptional electrical and optical properties make it highly suitable for optoelectronics and sensing applications. This study examines the relationship between the Fermi level and graphene's optical absorptance, particularly at 0.2 eV, to maximize its interaction with electromagnetic radiation. Simulations were conducted across 0–5 THz frequencies, analyzing the impact of substrate thickness and Fermi energy. Results indicate that higher Fermi levels significantly enhance absorptance, with peak values of 0.99826 at 0.5 eV for a 39 μm substrate. Notably, at 0.2 eV, competitive absorptance is observed with a 29 μm substrate, highlighting its relevance for gas sensing. Further optimization explored the effects of rotation angle and unit cell width, revealing that a 55° rotation maximizes absorptance at 0.98384. Structural modifications also influence absorption across frequencies. This research establishes a framework for tuning graphene's absorptance at 0.2 eV, crucial for improving the sensitivity of gas sensors. The findings hold significance for developing advanced optoelectronic devices in environmental monitoring, healthcare, and industrial applications, where Fermi level tuning can enhance performance.
{"title":"Fermi level modulation for enhanced graphene-based ultra-sensitive gas detection","authors":"Ravi Ranjan Kumar, Deepak Punetha","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112214","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112214","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The optimization of Fermi level absorptance above the Dirac point in graphene is crucial for enhancing its gas sensing capabilities. Graphene's exceptional electrical and optical properties make it highly suitable for optoelectronics and sensing applications. This study examines the relationship between the Fermi level and graphene's optical absorptance, particularly at 0.2 eV, to maximize its interaction with electromagnetic radiation. Simulations were conducted across 0–5 THz frequencies, analyzing the impact of substrate thickness and Fermi energy. Results indicate that higher Fermi levels significantly enhance absorptance, with peak values of 0.99826 at 0.5 eV for a 39 μm substrate. Notably, at 0.2 eV, competitive absorptance is observed with a 29 μm substrate, highlighting its relevance for gas sensing. Further optimization explored the effects of rotation angle and unit cell width, revealing that a 55° rotation maximizes absorptance at 0.98384. Structural modifications also influence absorption across frequencies. This research establishes a framework for tuning graphene's absorptance at 0.2 eV, crucial for improving the sensitivity of gas sensors. The findings hold significance for developing advanced optoelectronic devices in environmental monitoring, healthcare, and industrial applications, where Fermi level tuning can enhance performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 112214"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143642888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-15DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112206
Yunhai Liu, Xinwei Li, Penghui Xu, Hu Zhang, Ligao Liu
Friction consumes 33–50 % of global primary energy, causing about 80 % of mechanical fail. Therefore, reducing friction is vital for save energy and extending service life. Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films have broad industrial prospects due to their low friction coefficient and high wear resistance. This article discusses the state and challenges in tribology of DLC films, focusing on how their structure and external conditions affect tribological mechanisms. Firstly, the article discusses how deposition process affects the tribological properties. Subsequently, the influence of external factors on the tribological properties is discussed. Additionally, the article covers recent advances in molecular dynamics and first-principles calculations, crucial for understanding the micro and nanoscale tribological mechanisms. Finally, Summarizing current DLC film tribology research, the article outlines future research priorities and directions.
{"title":"Recent advances and challenges in tribology of diamond-like carbon films: A critical review","authors":"Yunhai Liu, Xinwei Li, Penghui Xu, Hu Zhang, Ligao Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112206","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112206","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Friction consumes 33–50 % of global primary energy, causing about 80 % of mechanical fail. Therefore, reducing friction is vital for save energy and extending service life. Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films have broad industrial prospects due to their low friction coefficient and high wear resistance. This article discusses the state and challenges in tribology of DLC films, focusing on how their structure and external conditions affect tribological mechanisms. Firstly, the article discusses how deposition process affects the tribological properties. Subsequently, the influence of external factors on the tribological properties is discussed. Additionally, the article covers recent advances in molecular dynamics and first-principles calculations, crucial for understanding the micro and nanoscale tribological mechanisms. Finally, Summarizing current DLC film tribology research, the article outlines future research priorities and directions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 112206"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143629558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-15DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112203
Mohd Afzal , Pronab Kundu , Abdulnasser Mahmoud Karami , Tapas Kamilya , Ali Akhtar , Mani Durai , Krishnamoorthy Shanmugaraj , Jinhyoung Park , Praveen Barmavatu , Md Kasif , Mathivanan Durai , Aniruddha Mondal , Young Ho Ahn
Carbon dots (CDs) have gained significant attention as a promising theranostic platform, owing to their excellent biocompatibility, tunable fluorescence, and multifunctional properties. In this work, we present the development of highly luminescent CDs synthesized from natural precursors, engineered to serve as a versatile nanoplatform for nitric oxide (NO) delivery. By functionalizing the surface of the CDs with ruthenium nitrosyl (Ru-NO) complexes and folic acid, we created a targeted system (CDs-FAR) that enables precise drug delivery, real-time fluorescence tracking, and light-triggered NO release. The CDs demonstrated exceptional antioxidant activity, with scavenging efficiencies of ∼77 % and ∼89 % in 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) assays, respectively, underscoring their potential for oxidative stress regulation. Furthermore, controlled NO release was achieved under light irradiation (100–300 mW/cm2), highlighting the system's ability to respond to external stimuli for accurate therapeutic action. This multifunctional platform holds great potential for treating disorders related to nitric oxide deficiency and advancing NO-based cancer therapies, offering a novel approach in the fields of precision medicine and nano-theranostics.
{"title":"Surface engineered naturally derived antioxidant carbon dots and its light triggered nitric oxide release behavior","authors":"Mohd Afzal , Pronab Kundu , Abdulnasser Mahmoud Karami , Tapas Kamilya , Ali Akhtar , Mani Durai , Krishnamoorthy Shanmugaraj , Jinhyoung Park , Praveen Barmavatu , Md Kasif , Mathivanan Durai , Aniruddha Mondal , Young Ho Ahn","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon dots (CDs) have gained significant attention as a promising theranostic platform, owing to their excellent biocompatibility, tunable fluorescence, and multifunctional properties. In this work, we present the development of highly luminescent CDs synthesized from natural precursors, engineered to serve as a versatile nanoplatform for nitric oxide (NO) delivery. By functionalizing the surface of the CDs with ruthenium nitrosyl (Ru-NO) complexes and folic acid, we created a targeted system (CDs-FAR) that enables precise drug delivery, real-time fluorescence tracking, and light-triggered NO release. The CDs demonstrated exceptional antioxidant activity, with scavenging efficiencies of ∼77 % and ∼89 % in 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) assays, respectively, underscoring their potential for oxidative stress regulation. Furthermore, controlled NO release was achieved under light irradiation (100–300 mW/cm<sup>2</sup>), highlighting the system's ability to respond to external stimuli for accurate therapeutic action. This multifunctional platform holds great potential for treating disorders related to nitric oxide deficiency and advancing NO-based cancer therapies, offering a novel approach in the fields of precision medicine and nano-theranostics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 112203"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143680780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-14DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112195
Leandro Nicolas Sacco , Artur Dobrowolski , Bart Boshuizen , Jakub Jagiełło , Beata Pyrzanowska , Adam Łaszcz , Tymoteusz Ciuk , Sten Vollebregt
Depending on the applications based on graphene, single-layer or few-layer graphene would be more beneficial. Ideally, graphene could be nucleated directly with the required thickness. However, some aspects related to graphene thickness and uniformity control still need to be solved. This work aims to better understand graphene formation using Mo thin films as a catalyst. The grown graphene films were characterized using SEM, TEM, XPS, AFM, standard Raman spectroscopy and 3D Raman surface imaging. A correlation between the catalyst thickness and the number of layers is established. All the characterization techniques show that the number of graphene layers inversely scales with the Mo catalyst thickness used for the graphene synthesis. Then, by simply adjusting the catalyst thickness, the number of graphene layers can be engineered from few-layer graphene (FLG) up to multi-layer graphene (MLG). A pinhole distribution of 1 % was detected on the films synthesized on 50 nm and 100 nm Mo thicknesses after the catalyst was etched. On the synthesized FLG (500 nm Mo), no holes were observed on the surface film after the etching process and even after a transfer onto another substrate. These results can enable the formation of FLG with a controlled thickness and good uniformity.
根据基于石墨烯的应用，单层或少层石墨烯更有优势。理想情况下，石墨烯可以直接成核，并达到所需的厚度。然而，与石墨烯厚度和均匀性控制相关的一些问题仍有待解决。这项研究旨在更好地了解以 Mo 薄膜为催化剂的石墨烯形成。利用扫描电镜、电子显微镜、XPS、原子力显微镜、标准拉曼光谱和三维拉曼表面成像对生长的石墨烯薄膜进行了表征。催化剂厚度与层数之间建立了相关性。所有表征技术都表明，石墨烯层的数量与用于合成石墨烯的 Mo 催化剂厚度成反比。因此，只需调整催化剂厚度，石墨烯的层数就可以从几层石墨烯（FLG）增加到多层石墨烯（MLG）。催化剂蚀刻后，在 50 nm 和 100 nm Mo 厚度合成的薄膜上检测到 1 % 的针孔分布。在合成的 FLG（500 nm Mo）上，蚀刻过程结束后，甚至在转移到另一个基底上后，表面薄膜上都没有观察到孔洞。这些结果使 FLG 的形成具有可控的厚度和良好的均匀性。
{"title":"Controlling the number of layers of Mo-grown CVD graphene through the catalyst thickness","authors":"Leandro Nicolas Sacco , Artur Dobrowolski , Bart Boshuizen , Jakub Jagiełło , Beata Pyrzanowska , Adam Łaszcz , Tymoteusz Ciuk , Sten Vollebregt","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112195","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Depending on the applications based on graphene, single-layer or few-layer graphene would be more beneficial. Ideally, graphene could be nucleated directly with the required thickness. However, some aspects related to graphene thickness and uniformity control still need to be solved. This work aims to better understand graphene formation using Mo thin films as a catalyst. The grown graphene films were characterized using SEM, TEM, XPS, AFM, standard Raman spectroscopy and 3D Raman surface imaging. A correlation between the catalyst thickness and the number of layers is established. All the characterization techniques show that the number of graphene layers inversely scales with the Mo catalyst thickness used for the graphene synthesis. Then, by simply adjusting the catalyst thickness, the number of graphene layers can be engineered from few-layer graphene (FLG) up to multi-layer graphene (MLG). A pinhole distribution of 1 % was detected on the films synthesized on 50 nm and 100 nm Mo thicknesses after the catalyst was etched. On the synthesized FLG (500 nm Mo), no holes were observed on the surface film after the etching process and even after a transfer onto another substrate. These results can enable the formation of FLG with a controlled thickness and good uniformity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 112195"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143637665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The analysis of experimental data on plastically deformed diamonds of different types Ib, IaAB, IaB, and low-nitrogen crystals has been performed. It has been established that the most characteristic defects in plastically deformed diamonds are broken bonds in the dislocation cores. These defects appear in electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) as a single line with a g-factor of 2.0031 and in luminescence as a vibronic system with a zero-phonon line (ZPL) at 490.7 nm. During plastic deformation, atomic planes slide affecting extended defects such as nitrogen A and B centers, leading to their destruction. For A centers, one of the nitrogen atoms can be displaced by 2.5 Å or greater, forming pairs of impurity atoms separated by two or more carbon atoms. For these paired defects, electron transfer from one of the nitrogen atoms to the broken bonds in the dislocation cores occurs, resulting in the formation of charge transfer complexes. The charge transfer optical band observed in the absorption spectra, which has a maximum at 550 nm, is responsible for the brownish color of these crystals. When the slip planes involve B centers, their destruction leads to the formation of N3V and C centers. Both the N3V and C centers exist in a non-paramagnetic state due to the transfer of an electron from the donor nitrogen to the N3V center. Plastically deformed type IaB crystals are colorless or exhibit a slight bluish tinge due to the formation of N3V centers. In the case of type Ib diamonds, impurity nitrogen is primarily present in the form of C centers, which act as electron donors for acceptors such as the broken bonds in the dislocation cores. Consequently, for plastically deformed type Ib crystals, the N+ nitrogen state is detected, which anneals out at temperatures above 2100 °C, specifically in the temperature range when dislocations are destroyed.
对不同类型的 Ib、IaAB、IaB 和低氮晶体的塑性变形金刚石的实验数据进行了分析。已经确定，塑性变形金刚石中最具特征性的缺陷是位错核心中的断裂键。这些缺陷在电子顺磁共振（EPR）中表现为一条 g 因子为 2.0031 的单线，在发光中表现为一个振动系统，在 490.7 纳米处有一条零声子线（ZPL）。在塑性变形过程中，原子平面滑动会影响延伸缺陷，如氮 A 和 B 中心，导致其破坏。对于 A 中心，其中一个氮原子的位移可以达到或超过 2.5 Å，从而形成由两个或更多碳原子分隔的成对杂质原子。对于这些成对的缺陷，电子会从其中一个氮原子转移到位错核心的断裂键上，从而形成电荷转移复合物。在吸收光谱中观察到的电荷转移光带在 550 纳米波长处具有最大值，是这些晶体呈现棕色的原因。当滑移面涉及 B 中心时，它们的破坏会导致 N3V 和 C 中心的形成。由于电子从供体氮转移到 N3V 中心，N3V 和 C 中心都以非顺磁性状态存在。经过塑性变形的 IaB 型晶体是无色的，或者由于 N3V 中心的形成而呈现出轻微的蓝色。在 Ib 型金刚石中，杂质氮主要以 C 中心的形式存在，C 中心是位错核心断裂键等受体的电子供体。因此，对于塑性变形的 Ib 型晶体，可以检测到 N+ 氮状态，这种状态在 2100 °C 以上的温度下退火，特别是在位错被破坏的温度范围内。
{"title":"Defect formation in plastically deformed natural Ib, IaAB, IaB, and low nitrogen diamonds","authors":"V.A. Nadolinny , Yu.N. Palyanov , M.I. Rakhmanova , Yu.M. Borzdov , A.Yu. Komarovskikh , A.P. Yelisseyev , O.P. Yurjeva , V.S. Shatsky , A.L. Ragozin","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112207","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The analysis of experimental data on plastically deformed diamonds of different types Ib, IaAB, IaB, and low-nitrogen crystals has been performed. It has been established that the most characteristic defects in plastically deformed diamonds are broken bonds in the dislocation cores. These defects appear in electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) as a single line with a g-factor of 2.0031 and in luminescence as a vibronic system with a zero-phonon line (ZPL) at 490.7 nm. During plastic deformation, atomic planes slide affecting extended defects such as nitrogen A and B centers, leading to their destruction. For A centers, one of the nitrogen atoms can be displaced by 2.5 Å or greater, forming pairs of impurity atoms separated by two or more carbon atoms. For these paired defects, electron transfer from one of the nitrogen atoms to the broken bonds in the dislocation cores occurs, resulting in the formation of charge transfer complexes. The charge transfer optical band observed in the absorption spectra, which has a maximum at 550 nm, is responsible for the brownish color of these crystals. When the slip planes involve B centers, their destruction leads to the formation of N<sub>3</sub>V and C centers. Both the N<sub>3</sub>V and C centers exist in a non-paramagnetic state due to the transfer of an electron from the donor nitrogen to the N<sub>3</sub>V center. Plastically deformed type IaB crystals are colorless or exhibit a slight bluish tinge due to the formation of N<sub>3</sub>V centers. In the case of type Ib diamonds, impurity nitrogen is primarily present in the form of C centers, which act as electron donors for acceptors such as the broken bonds in the dislocation cores. Consequently, for plastically deformed type Ib crystals, the N<sup>+</sup> nitrogen state is detected, which anneals out at temperatures above 2100 °C, specifically in the temperature range when dislocations are destroyed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 112207"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143628106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-14DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112210
Erhan Duru , Malik Akyüz , Deniz Gültekin , Hasan Algül , Hatem Akbulut , Mehmet Uysal
Graphene oxide (GO)-reinforced NiCo composite coatings were fabricated on medium carbon steel substrates using a pulse electrodeposition technique with electrolytic solutions containing varying GO concentrations. The effect of GO concentration on the morphology, nano-hardness, elastic modulus, friction, and wear resistance of the coatings was systematically investigated. The incorporation of GO significantly improved the mechanical and tribological properties of the coatings. At an optimal GO concentration of 100 mg/L, the coatings exhibited the highest nano-hardness (6.15 GPa), elastic modulus (223 GPa), and the lowest friction coefficient (~0.21), along with a 65 % reduction in wear rate compared to pure NiCo coatings. These improvements are attributed to grain refinement, enhanced interfacial bonding, and the formation of a tribo-protective film. This study highlights the potential of Ni-Co-GO composite coatings for applications requiring high wear resistance and load-bearing capacity, such as automotive ball joint bearings.
{"title":"Reciprocating dry sliding friction and wear behavior of graphene oxide-reinforced Ni-Co composite coatings","authors":"Erhan Duru , Malik Akyüz , Deniz Gültekin , Hasan Algül , Hatem Akbulut , Mehmet Uysal","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112210","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112210","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Graphene oxide (GO)-reinforced Ni<img>Co composite coatings were fabricated on medium carbon steel substrates using a pulse electrodeposition technique with electrolytic solutions containing varying GO concentrations. The effect of GO concentration on the morphology, nano-hardness, elastic modulus, friction, and wear resistance of the coatings was systematically investigated. The incorporation of GO significantly improved the mechanical and tribological properties of the coatings. At an optimal GO concentration of 100 mg/L, the coatings exhibited the highest nano-hardness (6.15 GPa), elastic modulus (223 GPa), and the lowest friction coefficient (~0.21), along with a 65 % reduction in wear rate compared to pure Ni<img>Co coatings. These improvements are attributed to grain refinement, enhanced interfacial bonding, and the formation of a tribo-protective film. This study highlights the potential of Ni-Co-GO composite coatings for applications requiring high wear resistance and load-bearing capacity, such as automotive ball joint bearings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 112210"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143680777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-13DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112202
S. Karthikadevi , S. Mullainathan , T.R. Rajaganesh , P.K. Praseetha , R. Swarna Lakshmi , R. Shalini , K. Ravichandran
In recent decades, water contamination resulting from the discharge of industrial organic dye wastes becomes a serious threat to the environment, requiring urgent remedy. In this state of affairs, the present study focuses on the modification of SnO2 by adding fluorine as dopant and plantain flower waste derived activated carbon (PFAC) as composite partner so as to make the material suitable for effective dye detoxification. The nanocomposite was synthesized via soft chemical method and characterized using XRD, FTIR, UV–Vis, SEM, EDAX, Hall effect and XPS studies. The synthesized nanocomposite SnO2:F/PFAC effectively degrades methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) dyes under visible light. The SnO2:F/PFAC nanocomposite shows significant higher photocatalytic efficiency of 98.8 % against MB and 92.2 % against MO dye. The heterojunction formation between the composite partners SnO2:F and PFAC helps for harvesting an enhanced amount of visible light and for reducing the charge recombination rate. The stability test showed that the nanocomposite SnO2:F/PFAC retains its performance even in the fifth cycle without appreciable loss in efficiency. In addition to the photocatalytic ability, the electrochemical property of the nanocomposite was also studied. The results showed that the nanocomposite SnO2:F/PFAC can be a potential candidate for photocatalytic dye degradation and electrochemical applications.
{"title":"Synergistic effects of composite partnering between fluorine doped tin oxide and bio-derived activated carbon for enhanced photocatalytic dye detoxification","authors":"S. Karthikadevi , S. Mullainathan , T.R. Rajaganesh , P.K. Praseetha , R. Swarna Lakshmi , R. Shalini , K. Ravichandran","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112202","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112202","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent decades, water contamination resulting from the discharge of industrial organic dye wastes becomes a serious threat to the environment, requiring urgent remedy. In this state of affairs, the present study focuses on the modification of SnO<sub>2</sub> by adding fluorine as dopant and plantain flower waste derived activated carbon (PFAC) as composite partner so as to make the material suitable for effective dye detoxification. The nanocomposite was synthesized via soft chemical method and characterized using XRD, FTIR, UV–Vis, SEM, EDAX, Hall effect and XPS studies. The synthesized nanocomposite SnO<sub>2</sub>:F/PFAC effectively degrades methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) dyes under visible light. The SnO<sub>2</sub>:F/PFAC nanocomposite shows significant higher photocatalytic efficiency of 98.8 % against MB and 92.2 % against MO dye. The heterojunction formation between the composite partners SnO<sub>2</sub>:F and PFAC helps for harvesting an enhanced amount of visible light and for reducing the charge recombination rate. The stability test showed that the nanocomposite SnO<sub>2</sub>:F/PFAC retains its performance even in the fifth cycle without appreciable loss in efficiency. In addition to the photocatalytic ability, the electrochemical property of the nanocomposite was also studied. The results showed that the nanocomposite SnO<sub>2</sub>:F/PFAC can be a potential candidate for photocatalytic dye degradation and electrochemical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 112202"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143642889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号