Pub Date : 2024-11-07DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111758
Xinxue Tang , Ye Wu , Jie Li , Shichang Liu , Junxiong Zhang , Jun Cao , Baihui Ma , Yunpeng Qu
Understanding how to precisely regulate the magnitude and dispersion characteristics of radio-frequency (RF) ε’-negative and ε’-near-zero (ENZ) responses presents a challenge. This challenge significantly impacts the design of versatile electronic devices. In this study, we introduce a synergistic strategy utilizing graphene (GR) and carbon black (CB) in ternary metacomposites for tunable ε’-negative and ENZ responses. Due to the randomly constructed 3-dimensional (3D) conductive GR-CB networks in a CaCu3Ti4O12 matrix, we observed two types of ε’-negative response mechanisms: electric dipole resonance and low-frequency plasma oscillation, which dominate at different frequency bands. Consequently, the weakly ε’-negative values (0 < |ε’| 〈1000) and frequency dispersion were successfully adjusted due to the interplay between these two mechanisms. The ENZ frequencies were also tuned over ∼580 MHz, 225 MHz, ∼189 MHz and ∼ 188 MHz with variable GR-to-CB ratios. Furthermore, we studied the conduction behavior, loss mechanism, and electrical characteristics of the ε’-negative metacomposites to shed light on the relationship between microstructural changes and dielectric performance.
{"title":"Precisely tuning ε′-negative and ε′-near-zero responses by synergistic effect of graphene and carbon black in ternary metacomposites","authors":"Xinxue Tang , Ye Wu , Jie Li , Shichang Liu , Junxiong Zhang , Jun Cao , Baihui Ma , Yunpeng Qu","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111758","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111758","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding how to precisely regulate the magnitude and dispersion characteristics of radio-frequency (RF) <em>ε’</em>-negative and <em>ε’</em>-near-zero (ENZ) responses presents a challenge. This challenge significantly impacts the design of versatile electronic devices. In this study, we introduce a synergistic strategy utilizing graphene (GR) and carbon black (CB) in ternary metacomposites for tunable <em>ε’</em>-negative and ENZ responses. Due to the randomly constructed 3-dimensional (3D) conductive GR-CB networks in a CaCu<sub>3</sub>Ti<sub>4</sub>O<sub>12</sub> matrix, we observed two types of <em>ε’</em>-negative response mechanisms: electric dipole resonance and low-frequency plasma oscillation, which dominate at different frequency bands. Consequently, the weakly <em>ε’</em>-negative values (0 < |<em>ε’</em>| 〈1000) and frequency dispersion were successfully adjusted due to the interplay between these two mechanisms. The ENZ frequencies were also tuned over ∼580 MHz, 225 MHz, ∼189 MHz and ∼ 188 MHz with variable GR-to-CB ratios. Furthermore, we studied the conduction behavior, loss mechanism, and electrical characteristics of the <em>ε’</em>-negative metacomposites to shed light on the relationship between microstructural changes and dielectric performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 111758"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-07DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111732
Qian Zhang , Hongbiao Li , Yaqi Xu , Xiaozheng Su , Jianhua Yu , Jing Sui , Liyan Yu , Lifeng Dong
Amidst the rapid surge in electrical device utilization, there is an urgent need for advanced power supply solutions. Flexible supercapacitors, renowned for their remarkable electrochemical properties, emerge as a promising remedy. This study employs in situ techniques on copper wire (CW) to obtain active materials for both the electrodes. The positive CW@Cu(OH)2 electrode, synthesized through vapor-phase reaction between CW and NH3·H2O, yields copper hydroxide (Cu(OH)2) nanosheets via an alkali-assisted oxidation process. Comparative analysis of CW@Cu(OH)2 electrodes under varying reaction conditions revealed that the Cu(OH)2 nanosheets, characterized by their small size and high distribution density on CW, significantly enhance electrochemical performance. The optimized CW@Cu(OH)2 electrode achieved a specific capacitance of 195.7 mF cm−2. This in situ growth method effectively prevents active material detachment, resulting in electrodes with minimal internal resistance. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), also synthesized in situ via chemical vapor deposition on CW, serve as the active materials for the negative electrode. Assembled in parallel, the flexible supercapacitor, CW@Cu(OH)2//KOH-PVA//CW@CNTs, achieves a specific capacitance of 1.59 F cm−3 at a current density of 0.1 A cm−3, with an energy density of 0.496 mWh cm−3 at a power density of 15 mW cm−3. Demonstrating robust capacitance retention across varying current densities and diverse bending angles, this supercapacitor signifies a versatile and stable power storage solution.
{"title":"In situ synthesis of Cu(OH)2 and carbon nanotube electrodes: A promising approach for high-performance one-dimensional flexible supercapacitors","authors":"Qian Zhang , Hongbiao Li , Yaqi Xu , Xiaozheng Su , Jianhua Yu , Jing Sui , Liyan Yu , Lifeng Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111732","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111732","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Amidst the rapid surge in electrical device utilization, there is an urgent need for advanced power supply solutions. Flexible supercapacitors, renowned for their remarkable electrochemical properties, emerge as a promising remedy. This study employs in situ techniques on copper wire (CW) to obtain active materials for both the electrodes. The positive CW@Cu(OH)<sub>2</sub> electrode, synthesized through vapor-phase reaction between CW and NH<sub>3</sub>·H<sub>2</sub>O, yields copper hydroxide (Cu(OH)<sub>2</sub>) nanosheets via an alkali-assisted oxidation process. Comparative analysis of CW@Cu(OH)<sub>2</sub> electrodes under varying reaction conditions revealed that the Cu(OH)<sub>2</sub> nanosheets, characterized by their small size and high distribution density on CW, significantly enhance electrochemical performance. The optimized CW@Cu(OH)<sub>2</sub> electrode achieved a specific capacitance of 195.7 mF cm<sup>−2</sup>. This in situ growth method effectively prevents active material detachment, resulting in electrodes with minimal internal resistance. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), also synthesized in situ via chemical vapor deposition on CW, serve as the active materials for the negative electrode. Assembled in parallel, the flexible supercapacitor, CW@Cu(OH)<sub>2</sub>//KOH-PVA//CW@CNTs, achieves a specific capacitance of 1.59 F cm<sup>−3</sup> at a current density of 0.1 A cm<sup>−3</sup>, with an energy density of 0.496 mWh cm<sup>−3</sup> at a power density of 15 mW cm<sup>−3</sup>. Demonstrating robust capacitance retention across varying current densities and diverse bending angles, this supercapacitor signifies a versatile and stable power storage solution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 111732"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-06DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111746
Kashinath Lellala , Subhendu Kumar Behera , Prarthana Srivastava , Waseem Sharaf Saeed , Ahmed S. Haidyrah , Ajay N. Burile
Finding an effective and excellent pertinent single catalyst material for multipurpose application for the purification of hydrocarbons in fuels (desulfurization), and for efficient removal of heavy metals from industrial effluent is greatly endowed. In the present work, a hybrid nanocomposite of ultrafine magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticle embedded on the surface of in-situ nitrogen doped layered GO (NGO) sheets were fabricated by sol-gel method and treatment with microwave irradiation technique is reported for the first time. The results show a high removal efficiency of 97 % for multiple heavy metals (Pb2+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Cr+2, Mn+2etc.) in industrial effluent and as well as in synthetic water with a very good retention performance of 99 %. The composites were tested against the elimination of sulfur from thiophene is 1.495 mmol g−1 is reported high is due to coupling and coordination of nitrogen with FeO and C. Recycling studies showed that the developed composites had excellent recyclability, with <82 % removal at the 5th cycle; its feasibility was evaluated using industrial effluent water and in synthetic water. Surface phenomena studies presented here revealed that the adsorptive removal processes of heavy metals involved π electron donor-acceptor interactions, ion exchange, and electrostatic interactions, along with surface complexation that showed an excellent synergism. A high stability, and retention performance is better than the pure Fe3O4 and NGO sheets. We hope that this study will motivate and give further scope for scientists working on magnetite-based graphene nanocomposites.
{"title":"Fe3O4 nanoparticles decorated on N-doped graphene oxide nanosheets for elimination of heavy metals from industrial wastewater and desulfurization","authors":"Kashinath Lellala , Subhendu Kumar Behera , Prarthana Srivastava , Waseem Sharaf Saeed , Ahmed S. Haidyrah , Ajay N. Burile","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111746","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111746","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Finding an effective and excellent pertinent single catalyst material for multipurpose application for the purification of hydrocarbons in fuels (desulfurization), and for efficient removal of heavy metals from industrial effluent is greatly endowed. In the present work, a hybrid nanocomposite of ultrafine magnetite (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) nanoparticle embedded on the surface of <em>in-situ</em> nitrogen doped layered GO (NGO) sheets were fabricated by sol-gel method and treatment with microwave irradiation technique is reported for the first time. The results show a high removal efficiency of 97 % for multiple heavy metals (Pb<sup>2+</sup>, Cd<sup>2+</sup>, Cu<sup>2+</sup>, Cr<sup>+2</sup>, Mn<sup>+2</sup> <em>etc.</em>) in industrial effluent and as well as in synthetic water with a very good retention performance of 99 %. The composites were tested against the elimination of sulfur from thiophene is 1.495 mmol g<sup>−1</sup> is reported high is due to coupling and coordination of nitrogen with Fe<img>O and C. Recycling studies showed that the developed composites had excellent recyclability, with <82 % removal at the 5th cycle; its feasibility was evaluated using industrial effluent water and in synthetic water. Surface phenomena studies presented here revealed that the adsorptive removal processes of heavy metals involved π electron donor-acceptor interactions, ion exchange, and electrostatic interactions, along with surface complexation that showed an excellent synergism. A high stability, and retention performance is better than the pure Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and NGO sheets. We hope that this study will motivate and give further scope for scientists working on magnetite-based graphene nanocomposites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 111746"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-06DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111756
Xubing Wei , Zan Chen , Haiyan Feng , Zhengyu Liu , Shiqi Lu , Jiaqing Ding , Naizhou Du , Pingmei Yin , Weibo Yang , Xiaowei Li , Guangan Zhang
Herein, a series of Si/N-DLC films were deposited by modulating the flow rate of the N2 precursor, with the aim of elucidating their tribo-corrosion behaviors and underlying mechanisms in a marine environment. The results indicate that the deposited Si/N-DLC films significantly enhance the substrate's resistance to tribo-corrosion in seawater. This improvement initially increases and then decreases, a trend attributed to the toughness of the film. The fundamental tribo-corrosion mechanism involves a solid-liquid composite lubrication composed of Si/N-DLC film and seawater, and it is dependent on the adequacy of liquid-phase lubrication, the graphitization degree at the friction interface, and the film toughness. This process is coupled with the blockage of corrosion pathways due to the diffusion of corrosion products, the formation of tribo-chemical products, and the generation of wear debris.
{"title":"Understanding the tribo-corrosion behaviors and mechanism of Si/N-DLC films in marine environment","authors":"Xubing Wei , Zan Chen , Haiyan Feng , Zhengyu Liu , Shiqi Lu , Jiaqing Ding , Naizhou Du , Pingmei Yin , Weibo Yang , Xiaowei Li , Guangan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111756","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111756","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Herein, a series of Si/N-DLC films were deposited by modulating the flow rate of the N<sub>2</sub> precursor, with the aim of elucidating their tribo-corrosion behaviors and underlying mechanisms in a marine environment. The results indicate that the deposited Si/N-DLC films significantly enhance the substrate's resistance to tribo-corrosion in seawater. This improvement initially increases and then decreases, a trend attributed to the toughness of the film. The fundamental tribo-corrosion mechanism involves a solid-liquid composite lubrication composed of Si/N-DLC film and seawater, and it is dependent on the adequacy of liquid-phase lubrication, the graphitization degree at the friction interface, and the film toughness. This process is coupled with the blockage of corrosion pathways due to the diffusion of corrosion products, the formation of tribo-chemical products, and the generation of wear debris.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 111756"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-06DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111747
R. Punniyamoorthy , S. Sridhar , E. Ranjith Kumar , A. Kalaivani , Annamalai Raja , Misook Kang , A.F. Abd EI-Rehim
Photocatalytic decomposition of pollutant is the most optimal approach for the wastewater remediation. Nevertheless, the development of a catalyst that is both cost-effective and extraordinarily active remains a substantial challenge. The g-C3N4/LaCoO3 heterostructure were prepared by different weight percentages of g-C3N4 (15, 30, 45, 60, and 75 wt%). The g-C3N4 and LaCoO3 were exhibits hexagonal and rhombohedral crystal structure respectively. The g-C3N4/LaCoO3 heterostructure exhibits tiny particles were anchored over the coarse like structure. The g-C3N4/LaCoO3 heterostructure promote visible light harvest and inhibit charge carrier recombination than the bare LaCoO3 and g-C3N4 and which helps to enhance the organic pollutant elimination performances. The g-C3N4/LaCoO3 heterojunction exhibits superior methylene blue degradation when compared to bare LaCoO3 and g-C3N4. Furthermore, the composite of LaCoO3/g-C3N4–60 wt% exhibits higher photocatalytic activity and exceptional stability were observed under visible light irradiation.
{"title":"Preparation and investigation of physicochemical properties of g-C3N4/LaCoO3 heterostructure for photocatalytic dye degradation","authors":"R. Punniyamoorthy , S. Sridhar , E. Ranjith Kumar , A. Kalaivani , Annamalai Raja , Misook Kang , A.F. Abd EI-Rehim","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111747","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111747","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photocatalytic decomposition of pollutant is the most optimal approach for the wastewater remediation. Nevertheless, the development of a catalyst that is both cost-effective and extraordinarily active remains a substantial challenge. The g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/LaCoO<sub>3</sub> heterostructure were prepared by different weight percentages of g-C3N<sub>4</sub> (15, 30, 45, 60, and 75 wt%). The g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> and LaCoO<sub>3</sub> were exhibits hexagonal and rhombohedral crystal structure respectively. The g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/LaCoO<sub>3</sub> heterostructure exhibits tiny particles were anchored over the coarse like structure. The g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/LaCoO<sub>3</sub> heterostructure promote visible light harvest and inhibit charge carrier recombination than the bare LaCoO<sub>3</sub> and g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> and which helps to enhance the organic pollutant elimination performances. The g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/LaCoO<sub>3</sub> heterojunction exhibits superior methylene blue degradation when compared to bare LaCoO<sub>3</sub> and g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>. Furthermore, the composite of LaCoO<sub>3</sub>/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>–60 wt% exhibits higher photocatalytic activity and exceptional stability were observed under visible light irradiation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 111747"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-06DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111751
Mohammad Numair Ansari , Karam Jabbour , Khadija Bibi , Mehar un Nisa , Muhammad Yousaf Ur Rehman , Alanoud T. Alfagham , Abdallah M. Elgorban , Muhammad Fahad Ehsan
The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a critical half-reaction in the process of water splitting, yet its practical application is hindered by slow kinetics and the high cost of conventional electrocatalysts. This study explores the potential of a novel CeSe/g-C3N4 nanocomposite as an efficient catalyst for OER in an alkaline environment. The CeSe/g-C3N4 nanocomposite exhibits exceptional electrocatalytic performance, demonstrated by a low overpotential of 196 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 and a reduced onset potential of 1.29 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). Additionally, nanocomposite's Tafel slope of 58.14 mV/dec is significantly lower compared to pure CeSe (76.89 mV/dec) and multi-layered g-C3N4 (89.76 mV/dec), indicating superior kinetic behavior. Remarkably, the CeSe/g-C3N4 composite also demonstrates excellent electrochemical stability, maintaining its performance over a 40-hour period. These findings suggest that the CeSe/g-C3N4 nanocomposite not only enhances the electrocatalytic properties necessary for OER but also holds the potential to outperform traditional noble metal-based catalysts, paving the way for more cost-effective and efficient water-splitting technologies.
氧进化反应（OER）是水分裂过程中的一个关键半反应，但其实际应用却受到传统电催化剂动力学缓慢和成本高昂的阻碍。本研究探讨了新型 CeSe/g-C3N4 纳米复合材料作为碱性环境中 OER 高效催化剂的潜力。CeSe/g-C3N4 纳米复合材料表现出卓越的电催化性能，在电流密度为 10 mA cm-2 时，过电位低至 196 mV，与可逆氢电极（RHE）相比，起始电位降低至 1.29 V。此外，与纯 CeSe（76.89 mV/dec）和多层 g-C3N4 （89.76 mV/dec）相比，纳米复合材料的 58.14 mV/dec 塔菲尔斜率明显降低，这表明其动力学行为更优越。值得注意的是，CeSe/g-C3N4 复合材料还表现出卓越的电化学稳定性，可在 40 小时内保持其性能。这些研究结果表明，CeSe/g-C3N4 纳米复合材料不仅增强了 OER 所需的电催化性能，还具有超越传统贵金属催化剂的潜力，为开发更具成本效益和更高效的水分离技术铺平了道路。
{"title":"Hydrothermal synthesis of CeSe anchored on graphitic carbon nitride nanoclusters as an electrocatalyst for enhanced oxygen evolution reaction","authors":"Mohammad Numair Ansari , Karam Jabbour , Khadija Bibi , Mehar un Nisa , Muhammad Yousaf Ur Rehman , Alanoud T. Alfagham , Abdallah M. Elgorban , Muhammad Fahad Ehsan","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111751","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111751","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a critical half-reaction in the process of water splitting, yet its practical application is hindered by slow kinetics and the high cost of conventional electrocatalysts. This study explores the potential of a novel CeSe/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> nanocomposite as an efficient catalyst for OER in an alkaline environment. The CeSe/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> nanocomposite exhibits exceptional electrocatalytic performance, demonstrated by a low overpotential of 196 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> and a reduced onset potential of 1.29 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). Additionally, nanocomposite's Tafel slope of 58.14 mV/dec is significantly lower compared to pure CeSe (76.89 mV/dec) and multi-layered g-C3N4 (89.76 mV/dec), indicating superior kinetic behavior. Remarkably, the CeSe/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> composite also demonstrates excellent electrochemical stability, maintaining its performance over a 40-hour period. These findings suggest that the CeSe/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> nanocomposite not only enhances the electrocatalytic properties necessary for OER but also holds the potential to outperform traditional noble metal-based catalysts, paving the way for more cost-effective and efficient water-splitting technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 111751"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-06DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111755
Junjie Zou , Qijun Wang , Wei Shen , Sheng Peng , Zijun Qi , Gai Wu , Qiang Cao , Sheng Liu
Diamond, known for its exceptional thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties, is widely used in precision machining tools, MEMS, and electronic devices. However, because of its extreme hardness and chemical inertness, diamond machining is highly challenging. Femtosecond laser technology, with its high instantaneous energy and minimal heat-affected zone, has emerged as an effective method for the precision machining of diamond. This study explores the application of 1026 nm and 513 nm femtosecond lasers in diamond grooving. The experimental results indicate that with increasing laser energy density, both groove width and depth increase, accompanied by a rise in amorphous carbon and graphite contents, resulting in increased tensile stress and decreased crystallinity in the machined region. Notably, the 513 nm laser demonstrates higher precision, achieving narrower grooves suitable for fine machining of diamond. Molecular dynamics simulations and experimental data reveal that the formation of amorphous carbon and graphite phases is the primary mechanism for deep ablation, and no significant anisotropy is observed during the process, allowing for the uniform fabrication of micro-nanostructures. TEM analysis confirms the presence of amorphous carbon and nanocrystalline diamond at the groove bottom, indicating phase transformation and also the formation of nanoscale diamond particles in regions of concentrated femtosecond laser energy. This study provides experimental and theoretical support for the high-quality fabrication of micro-nano structures on diamond, with significant implications for its advanced applications.
{"title":"Research on the fabrication of high-quality patterned diamond using femtosecond laser","authors":"Junjie Zou , Qijun Wang , Wei Shen , Sheng Peng , Zijun Qi , Gai Wu , Qiang Cao , Sheng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111755","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111755","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diamond, known for its exceptional thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties, is widely used in precision machining tools, MEMS, and electronic devices. However, because of its extreme hardness and chemical inertness, diamond machining is highly challenging. Femtosecond laser technology, with its high instantaneous energy and minimal heat-affected zone, has emerged as an effective method for the precision machining of diamond. This study explores the application of 1026 nm and 513 nm femtosecond lasers in diamond grooving. The experimental results indicate that with increasing laser energy density, both groove width and depth increase, accompanied by a rise in amorphous carbon and graphite contents, resulting in increased tensile stress and decreased crystallinity in the machined region. Notably, the 513 nm laser demonstrates higher precision, achieving narrower grooves suitable for fine machining of diamond. Molecular dynamics simulations and experimental data reveal that the formation of amorphous carbon and graphite phases is the primary mechanism for deep ablation, and no significant anisotropy is observed during the process, allowing for the uniform fabrication of micro-nanostructures. TEM analysis confirms the presence of amorphous carbon and nanocrystalline diamond at the groove bottom, indicating phase transformation and also the formation of nanoscale diamond particles in regions of concentrated femtosecond laser energy. This study provides experimental and theoretical support for the high-quality fabrication of micro-nano structures on diamond, with significant implications for its advanced applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 111755"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-06DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111754
Akash Verma, Virendra V. Singh, Rajkumar Ahirwar, Lokesh K. Pandey, Sanjay Upadhyay, Vikas B. Thakare, Kavita Agarwal , Rakesh Kumar , Yogesh Kumar
In light of the recent threat from chemical warfare agents (CWAs), the scientific community has focused extensively on developing effective and safe decontamination methodology for CWAs based on environmentally benign technology and the avoidance of corrosive and toxic chemicals. Herein, we report the decomposition of CWAs sarin and sulphur mustard on the hybrid material Zirconium hydroxide-granular activated carbon i.e. Zr(OH)4@GAC which is synthesized by utilizing the reactive zirconium hydroxide and high surface area carbon. In-situ zirconium hydroxide was generated in the pores of GAC by varying the precursor concentration i.e. zirconium oxychloride followed by hydrolysis. The morphology, structural, and textural properties of the reactive hybrid material Zr(OH)4@GAC were examined using several analytical techniques including powder x-ray diffraction, TGA, FT-IR, BET, SEM, EDX, and TEM. Furthermore, the degradation capability of Zr(OH)4@GAC was evaluated in the hydrolytic abatement of CWAs sarin and sulphur mustard. Under pristine laboratory conditions, the effectiveness of reactive hybrid material Zr(OH)4@GAC has been attributed due to a combination of defects and diverse surface hydroxyl species of Zr(OH)4, as well as a high surface area carbon matrix. The impact of water content and temperature on CWAs degradation was also investigated by altering the water percentage from 2 to 8 % and the temperature 25 °C to 45 °C. The GC–MS/GC technique was used to observe the kinetics of in-situ degradation of CWAs over Zr(OH)4@GAC The results indicated that the degradation process follows a first-order reaction kinetics. It is observed that higher water content along with elevated temperature enhance CWA decomposition on Zr(OH)4@GAC; conversely, at lower temperature, it slowed down the degradation of CWAs. This significant enhancement in the decontamination capability of hybrid materials Zr(OH)4@GAC towards CWAs was attributed to the synergistic effects of GAC (adsorption capacity) coupled with the reactive functional group of Zr(OH)4.This strategy will pave the way for the development of self-detoxifying adsorbent material for environmental and defence purposes.
{"title":"Zirconium hydroxide-activated carbon hybrid material for chemical warfare agents detoxification: Implication of water and temperature","authors":"Akash Verma, Virendra V. Singh, Rajkumar Ahirwar, Lokesh K. Pandey, Sanjay Upadhyay, Vikas B. Thakare, Kavita Agarwal , Rakesh Kumar , Yogesh Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111754","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111754","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In light of the recent threat from chemical warfare agents (CWAs), the scientific community has focused extensively on developing effective and safe decontamination methodology for CWAs based on environmentally benign technology and the avoidance of corrosive and toxic chemicals. Herein, we report the decomposition of CWAs sarin and sulphur mustard on the hybrid material Zirconium hydroxide-granular activated carbon i.e. Zr(OH)<sub>4</sub>@GAC which is synthesized by utilizing the reactive zirconium hydroxide and high surface area carbon. In-situ zirconium hydroxide was generated in the pores of GAC by varying the precursor concentration i.e. zirconium oxychloride followed by hydrolysis. The morphology, structural, and textural properties of the reactive hybrid material Zr(OH)<sub>4</sub>@GAC were examined using several analytical techniques including powder x-ray diffraction, TGA, FT-IR, BET, SEM, EDX, and TEM. Furthermore, the degradation capability of Zr(OH)<sub>4</sub>@GAC was evaluated in the hydrolytic abatement of CWAs sarin and sulphur mustard. Under pristine laboratory conditions, the effectiveness of reactive hybrid material Zr(OH)<sub>4</sub>@GAC has been attributed due to a combination of defects and diverse surface hydroxyl species of Zr(OH)<sub>4</sub>, as well as a high surface area carbon matrix. The impact of water content and temperature on CWAs degradation was also investigated by altering the water percentage from 2 to 8 % and the temperature 25 °C to 45 °C. The GC–MS/GC technique was used to observe the kinetics of <em>in-situ</em> degradation of CWAs over Zr(OH)<sub>4</sub>@GAC The results indicated that the degradation process follows a first-order reaction kinetics. It is observed that higher water content along with elevated temperature enhance CWA decomposition on Zr(OH)<sub>4</sub>@GAC; conversely, at lower temperature, it slowed down the degradation of CWAs. This significant enhancement in the decontamination capability of hybrid materials Zr(OH)<sub>4</sub>@GAC towards CWAs was attributed to the synergistic effects of GAC (adsorption capacity) coupled with the reactive functional group of Zr(OH)<sub>4.</sub>This strategy will pave the way for the development of <em>self-detoxifying</em> adsorbent material for environmental and defence purposes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 111754"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-06DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111753
Mücahit Kocaman , Serhatcan Berk Akçay , Onur Güler , Hamdullah Çuvalcı , Temel Varol
Flame-retardant properties are particularly important for materials used in high-temperature applications. This study focuses on novolac matrix composites reinforced with expandable graphite (EG) particles, produced through a hot pressing process using powders prepared by mechanical milling. The research examines the particle size of both the matrix and the reinforcing particles used in composite production. Additionally, the morphology of the powders, the microstructural properties of the composites, and the fracture surfaces after tensile testing were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Phase analysis of the samples was performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Hardness and tensile tests were conducted to evaluate the mechanical properties. The effect of EG particles on the thermal stability of the composites was assessed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermal conductivity tests. Furthermore, flammability was evaluated by determining the Limit Oxygen Index (LOI) values. The experimental results identified the optimum reinforcement ratio as 20 wt% EG. TGA results showed residue values of approximately 37.39 % for pure novolac and 57.87 % for novolac matrix composites reinforced with 20 wt% EG. The highest thermal conductivity (0.72 W/mK) and LOI values (40.64 %) were achieved with 20 wt% EG reinforcement, resulting in an LOI value approximately 1.25 times greater than that of the pure novolac sample (32.45 %). Additionally, tensile strength increased by approximately 2.7 times compared to the pure novolac sample. This research highlights the potential of the novolac/EG composites for advanced high-temperature applications where enhanced flame retardancy and structural integrity are essential.
{"title":"Effect of expandable graphite content on the physical, thermal and mechanical properties of novolac matrix composites: Halogen-free flame-retardant polymer composites","authors":"Mücahit Kocaman , Serhatcan Berk Akçay , Onur Güler , Hamdullah Çuvalcı , Temel Varol","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111753","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111753","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flame-retardant properties are particularly important for materials used in high-temperature applications. This study focuses on novolac matrix composites reinforced with expandable graphite (EG) particles, produced through a hot pressing process using powders prepared by mechanical milling. The research examines the particle size of both the matrix and the reinforcing particles used in composite production. Additionally, the morphology of the powders, the microstructural properties of the composites, and the fracture surfaces after tensile testing were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Phase analysis of the samples was performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Hardness and tensile tests were conducted to evaluate the mechanical properties. The effect of EG particles on the thermal stability of the composites was assessed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermal conductivity tests. Furthermore, flammability was evaluated by determining the Limit Oxygen Index (LOI) values. The experimental results identified the optimum reinforcement ratio as 20 wt% EG. TGA results showed residue values of approximately 37.39 % for pure novolac and 57.87 % for novolac matrix composites reinforced with 20 wt% EG. The highest thermal conductivity (0.72 W/mK) and LOI values (40.64 %) were achieved with 20 wt% EG reinforcement, resulting in an LOI value approximately 1.25 times greater than that of the pure novolac sample (32.45 %). Additionally, tensile strength increased by approximately 2.7 times compared to the pure novolac sample. This research highlights the potential of the novolac/EG composites for advanced high-temperature applications where enhanced flame retardancy and structural integrity are essential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 111753"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-05DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111749
Md. Abdul Khaleque , Md. Romzan Ali , Mohamed Aly Saad Aly , Md. Ikram Hossain , Kim Han Tan , Md. Abu Zaed , Rahman Saidur , Md. Mahbubur Rahman , Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak , Md. Zaved Hossain Khan
Ciprofloxacin is a widely used antibiotic for treating numerous bacterial infections and it is also considered by the world health organization (WHO) to be extremely vital for human medicine. Therefore, accurate, simple, and cost-effective detection of ciprofloxacin, a commonly used antibiotic, is critical for treating various bacterial infectious diseases. In this work, glassy carbon electrode/poly (rutin)/Ti3C2Tx, is developed for the detection of ciprofloxacin antibiotic. The electrochemical sensor was modified with rutin hydrate monomer and Ti3C2Tx via electro-polymerization of rutin hydrate and drop-casting of Ti3C2Tx. The modified electrode surface was characterized using scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, attenuated total reflectance- Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The oxidation of ciprofloxacin was performed in 0.01molL−1 of phosphate buffer at a pH level of 5.0. This medium established a linear range of 1.0 × 10−9-1.0 × 10−4 molL−1, limit of detection at 1.0 × 10−9 molL−1 and sensitivity of 0.49 μA/μMcm2. Finally, the modified electrode displayed high selectivity when tested in inorganic-organic mixtures as well as in real sample medium such as blood serum. To the best of our knowledge the current work is the first to report the use of MXene/rutin composite for electrochemical sensing mechanism. The proposed electrochemical sensor has high potential for the formation of therapeutic drug doses application via monitoring of CIP patient intake (clinical settings of CIP).
{"title":"Highly sensitive electrochemical detection of ciprofloxacin using MXene (Ti3C2Tx)/poly (rutin) composite as an electrode material","authors":"Md. Abdul Khaleque , Md. Romzan Ali , Mohamed Aly Saad Aly , Md. Ikram Hossain , Kim Han Tan , Md. Abu Zaed , Rahman Saidur , Md. Mahbubur Rahman , Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak , Md. Zaved Hossain Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111749","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111749","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ciprofloxacin is a widely used antibiotic for treating numerous bacterial infections and it is also considered by the world health organization (WHO) to be extremely vital for human medicine. Therefore, accurate, simple, and cost-effective detection of ciprofloxacin, a commonly used antibiotic, is critical for treating various bacterial infectious diseases. In this work, glassy carbon electrode/poly (rutin)/Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x,</sub> is developed for the detection of ciprofloxacin antibiotic. The electrochemical sensor was modified with rutin hydrate monomer and Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> via electro-polymerization of rutin hydrate and drop-casting of Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub>. The modified electrode surface was characterized using scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, attenuated total reflectance- Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The oxidation of ciprofloxacin was performed in 0.01molL<sup>−1</sup> of phosphate buffer at a pH level of 5.0. This medium established a linear range of 1.0 × 10<sup>−9</sup>-1.0 × 10<sup>−4</sup> molL<sup>−1</sup>, limit of detection at 1.0 × 10<sup>−9</sup> molL<sup>−1</sup> and sensitivity of 0.49 μA/μMcm<sup>2</sup>. Finally, the modified electrode displayed high selectivity when tested in inorganic-organic mixtures as well as in real sample medium such as blood serum. To the best of our knowledge the current work is the first to report the use of MXene/rutin composite for electrochemical sensing mechanism. The proposed electrochemical sensor has high potential for the formation of therapeutic drug doses application via monitoring of CIP patient intake (clinical settings of CIP).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 111749"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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