Pub Date : 2018-04-01DOI: 10.1109/ICNSURV.2018.8384871
L. Sherry, Oleksandra Snisarevska, Michael Perry
The air transportation system has a broad and deep value chain. Some of the stakeholders are directly part of the air transportation system and use real-time flight, airport and air traffic control data as part of their operations. Other stakeholders are several layers removed and do not have access to system status even though it impacts their business. For these stakeholders it may be outside their core competency or cost prohibitive to purchase access to a data feed and the required hardware/software infrastructure to support real-time status alerting. In many cases, the need for status alerting is only temporary (e.g. seasonal, during period of construction, or transition to new gate leasing arrangement). This paper describes a low-cost software application that can be deployed to provide real-time alerts to stakeholders whose operations are directly impacted by flight and system status changes, but cannot afford to maintain their own status alerting system. The flight status alerting system described in this paper can be configured over the web and transmits alerts via email or text messages to the cell phones of employees. Case studies are provided for: (1) alerts to adjust staffing at an airport food concession for forecast irregular operations (to generate an estimated $46K to $121K in additional annual profit), (2) alerts to investigate excessive taxiin times and gate utilization compliance. Implications and limitations of the system are discussed.
{"title":"Real-time alerting of flight status for non-aviation suppliers in the air transportation system value chain","authors":"L. Sherry, Oleksandra Snisarevska, Michael Perry","doi":"10.1109/ICNSURV.2018.8384871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNSURV.2018.8384871","url":null,"abstract":"The air transportation system has a broad and deep value chain. Some of the stakeholders are directly part of the air transportation system and use real-time flight, airport and air traffic control data as part of their operations. Other stakeholders are several layers removed and do not have access to system status even though it impacts their business. For these stakeholders it may be outside their core competency or cost prohibitive to purchase access to a data feed and the required hardware/software infrastructure to support real-time status alerting. In many cases, the need for status alerting is only temporary (e.g. seasonal, during period of construction, or transition to new gate leasing arrangement). This paper describes a low-cost software application that can be deployed to provide real-time alerts to stakeholders whose operations are directly impacted by flight and system status changes, but cannot afford to maintain their own status alerting system. The flight status alerting system described in this paper can be configured over the web and transmits alerts via email or text messages to the cell phones of employees. Case studies are provided for: (1) alerts to adjust staffing at an airport food concession for forecast irregular operations (to generate an estimated $46K to $121K in additional annual profit), (2) alerts to investigate excessive taxiin times and gate utilization compliance. Implications and limitations of the system are discussed.","PeriodicalId":112779,"journal":{"name":"2018 Integrated Communications, Navigation, Surveillance Conference (ICNS)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133933649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-01DOI: 10.1109/ICNSURV.2018.8384889
R. Mueller
Surface and air multilateration (MLAT) systems currently deployed in the National Airspace System (NAS) employ either Global Positioning System (GPS) or reference transmitter (RefTran) line-of sight communications to maintain radio synchronization. In systems where GPS is the primary source of timing, fallback synchronization is maintained through either RefTran processing, or for isolated radios, through specially-deployed high-precision clocks that maintain time independently for a specified period. In these systems, system-wide position accuracy can be maintained only for as long as the high-precision clocks can maintain the specified synchronization, typically a few days. The new über MLAT algorithm presented in this paper builds on traditional maximum likelihood MLAT processing in such a way that ground stations receiving RF squitters are synchronized through previous squitters from other targets or previous squitters from the same target. Signals received at ground stations from a particular subject aircraft (target A) squitter are grouped into clusters using the timestamp applied by the central processing station. Each cluster is then paired with a cluster from an earlier squitter, say squitter B. Provided A and B clusters have at least five ground station radios in common, target position estimates can be formed for both squitters using the proposed new algorithm. Position accuracy performance prediction through geometric dilution of precision (GDOP) is derived via the Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) and is presented along with simulations that verify the GDOP accuracy calculations. In addition, processing actual Surveillance and Broadcast Services System (SBSS) target data illustrates that not only is the predicted accuracy achieved with no a priori radio bias removal (tuning), the number of available clusters to pair with a subject cluster is typically quite large during peak en route traffic periods, particularly for high altitude aircraft. Applications of this algorithm include (1) continuation of MLAT processing in the absence of GPS timing and (2) ground station synchronization in the absence of GPS.
目前部署在国家空域系统(NAS)中的地面和空中多天线(MLAT)系统采用全球定位系统(GPS)或参考发射机(RefTran)视距通信来保持无线电同步。在以GPS为主要授时源的系统中，通过RefTran处理来维持回退同步，或者对于孤立的无线电，通过专门部署的高精度时钟来维持指定时间段内独立的时间。在这些系统中，只有当高精度时钟能够保持指定的同步时，系统范围内的位置精度才能保持，通常是几天。本文提出的新的 ber MLAT算法建立在传统的最大似然MLAT处理的基础上，通过先前来自其他目标或来自同一目标的先前的空射器来同步接收RF空射器的地面站。地面站接收到的来自特定主题飞机(目标a)的信号使用中央处理站应用的时间戳分组成簇。然后，每个群集与来自较早群集的群集配对，例如群集B。如果a和B群集至少有五个共同的地面站无线电，则可以使用所提出的新算法为两个群集形成目标位置估计。通过克拉默-拉奥下限(CRLB)推导了基于几何精度稀释(GDOP)的定位精度性能预测，并给出了验证GDOP精度计算的仿真。此外，处理实际的监视和广播服务系统(SBSS)目标数据表明，不仅在没有先验无线电偏差消除(调谐)的情况下实现了预测精度，而且在航线交通高峰期间，与主题集群配对的可用集群数量通常相当大，特别是对于高空飞机。该算法的应用包括:(1)在没有GPS授时的情况下继续进行MLAT处理;(2)在没有GPS授时的情况下进行地面站同步。
{"title":"Multilateration in the absence of GPS and reference transmitter synchronization","authors":"R. Mueller","doi":"10.1109/ICNSURV.2018.8384889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNSURV.2018.8384889","url":null,"abstract":"Surface and air multilateration (MLAT) systems currently deployed in the National Airspace System (NAS) employ either Global Positioning System (GPS) or reference transmitter (RefTran) line-of sight communications to maintain radio synchronization. In systems where GPS is the primary source of timing, fallback synchronization is maintained through either RefTran processing, or for isolated radios, through specially-deployed high-precision clocks that maintain time independently for a specified period. In these systems, system-wide position accuracy can be maintained only for as long as the high-precision clocks can maintain the specified synchronization, typically a few days. The new über MLAT algorithm presented in this paper builds on traditional maximum likelihood MLAT processing in such a way that ground stations receiving RF squitters are synchronized through previous squitters from other targets or previous squitters from the same target. Signals received at ground stations from a particular subject aircraft (target A) squitter are grouped into clusters using the timestamp applied by the central processing station. Each cluster is then paired with a cluster from an earlier squitter, say squitter B. Provided A and B clusters have at least five ground station radios in common, target position estimates can be formed for both squitters using the proposed new algorithm. Position accuracy performance prediction through geometric dilution of precision (GDOP) is derived via the Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) and is presented along with simulations that verify the GDOP accuracy calculations. In addition, processing actual Surveillance and Broadcast Services System (SBSS) target data illustrates that not only is the predicted accuracy achieved with no a priori radio bias removal (tuning), the number of available clusters to pair with a subject cluster is typically quite large during peak en route traffic periods, particularly for high altitude aircraft. Applications of this algorithm include (1) continuation of MLAT processing in the absence of GPS timing and (2) ground station synchronization in the absence of GPS.","PeriodicalId":112779,"journal":{"name":"2018 Integrated Communications, Navigation, Surveillance Conference (ICNS)","volume":"196 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132905982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-01DOI: 10.1109/ICNSURV.2018.8384893
P. Mariano, P. De Marco, Claudio Giacomini
Scope of the paper is to present innovative solutions in cooperative surveillance domain for new generation systems for Air Traffic Management. The introduction of Mode-S protocol in Air Traffic Control (ATC) was originated by RF pollution resulting to broadcast interrogations/replies given by ATC Radar Beacon System (ATCRBS) interrogation mode. Broadcast (All-Call) transactions were so limited just to the initial acquisition phase, and then only one-to-one scheduled transactions (Roll-Call) were foreseen for the aircraft surveillance. In parallel to radar surveillance application, the association of spontaneous transmission (squitters1) of Mode-S packets was developed, taking benefit from the communality of on-board equipment and installation, initially conceived for TCAS services. The Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B) was conceived to give relief to Mode-S “radar channel” in terms of data throughput, and to cover wider geographical areas, mainly where radar installations were difficult or not economically sustainable. This gave the drawback to increase again RF pollution over 1090 MHz channel, as already highlighted since 2012. This is an external factor that drives a need for new approach to Mode-S Surveillance. Moreover ICAO has already given 2020 as deadline to solve this dichotomy, in which All-Call (broadcast) interrogations/replies have to be abandoned. Hybrid surveillance (Radar/ADS-B) is the most viable solution to take full benefits from Mode-S as an air-ground system, while avoiding RF pollution and keeping or raising the desired level of integrity, safety and security. This paper exposes a simple efficient technical solution for Mode-S hybrid surveillance. A state-of-art and innovative solution will be presented, focusing on limitations of the traditional system architecture and benefits of the proposed solutions in terms of improvement to the integrity of the delivered surveillance data, and of the hybrid acquisition process. A Test Bed has already been set up in Leonardo premises at Rome, and the first experimental data, expected to be available by mid-June, are also anticipated in the paper.
{"title":"Data integrity augmentation by ADS-B SSR hybrid techniques","authors":"P. Mariano, P. De Marco, Claudio Giacomini","doi":"10.1109/ICNSURV.2018.8384893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNSURV.2018.8384893","url":null,"abstract":"Scope of the paper is to present innovative solutions in cooperative surveillance domain for new generation systems for Air Traffic Management. The introduction of Mode-S protocol in Air Traffic Control (ATC) was originated by RF pollution resulting to broadcast interrogations/replies given by ATC Radar Beacon System (ATCRBS) interrogation mode. Broadcast (All-Call) transactions were so limited just to the initial acquisition phase, and then only one-to-one scheduled transactions (Roll-Call) were foreseen for the aircraft surveillance. In parallel to radar surveillance application, the association of spontaneous transmission (squitters1) of Mode-S packets was developed, taking benefit from the communality of on-board equipment and installation, initially conceived for TCAS services. The Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B) was conceived to give relief to Mode-S “radar channel” in terms of data throughput, and to cover wider geographical areas, mainly where radar installations were difficult or not economically sustainable. This gave the drawback to increase again RF pollution over 1090 MHz channel, as already highlighted since 2012. This is an external factor that drives a need for new approach to Mode-S Surveillance. Moreover ICAO has already given 2020 as deadline to solve this dichotomy, in which All-Call (broadcast) interrogations/replies have to be abandoned. Hybrid surveillance (Radar/ADS-B) is the most viable solution to take full benefits from Mode-S as an air-ground system, while avoiding RF pollution and keeping or raising the desired level of integrity, safety and security. This paper exposes a simple efficient technical solution for Mode-S hybrid surveillance. A state-of-art and innovative solution will be presented, focusing on limitations of the traditional system architecture and benefits of the proposed solutions in terms of improvement to the integrity of the delivered surveillance data, and of the hybrid acquisition process. A Test Bed has already been set up in Leonardo premises at Rome, and the first experimental data, expected to be available by mid-June, are also anticipated in the paper.","PeriodicalId":112779,"journal":{"name":"2018 Integrated Communications, Navigation, Surveillance Conference (ICNS)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133425780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-01DOI: 10.1109/ICNSURV.2018.8384881
T. Gräupl, N. Schneckenburger, T. Jost, M. Schnell, A. Filip, Miguel A. Bellido-Manganell, D. Mielke, Nils Mäurer, Rachit Kumar, O. Osechas, G. Battista
Today's voice-based air-ground communication system for aircraft guidance is suffering from increasing saturation of the VHF band in high density areas. Therefore the European Union strives for a transition from analog voice communication to more spectrum efficient digital communication. This transition shall be realized, among others, through the development and implementation of the L-band Digital Aeronautical Communications System (LDACS). In order to verify the suitability of LDACS for both communications and navigation, a flight trial campaign will be performed within the nationally funded German project MICONAV. The objective of this paper is to present the planned LDACS measurement campaign. LDACS will be validated under realistic conditions: Four ground stations transmit signals; one airborne station onboard an aircraft will receive the communication messages and additionally utilize the signals from the ground stations for navigation.
{"title":"L-band Digital Aeronautical Communications System (LDACS) flight trials in the national German project MICONAV","authors":"T. Gräupl, N. Schneckenburger, T. Jost, M. Schnell, A. Filip, Miguel A. Bellido-Manganell, D. Mielke, Nils Mäurer, Rachit Kumar, O. Osechas, G. Battista","doi":"10.1109/ICNSURV.2018.8384881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNSURV.2018.8384881","url":null,"abstract":"Today's voice-based air-ground communication system for aircraft guidance is suffering from increasing saturation of the VHF band in high density areas. Therefore the European Union strives for a transition from analog voice communication to more spectrum efficient digital communication. This transition shall be realized, among others, through the development and implementation of the L-band Digital Aeronautical Communications System (LDACS). In order to verify the suitability of LDACS for both communications and navigation, a flight trial campaign will be performed within the nationally funded German project MICONAV. The objective of this paper is to present the planned LDACS measurement campaign. LDACS will be validated under realistic conditions: Four ground stations transmit signals; one airborne station onboard an aircraft will receive the communication messages and additionally utilize the signals from the ground stations for navigation.","PeriodicalId":112779,"journal":{"name":"2018 Integrated Communications, Navigation, Surveillance Conference (ICNS)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125083902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-01DOI: 10.1109/ICNSURV.2018.8384890
Wei Wang, Xiyuan Chen
The initial alignment model of large misalignment angle is strong nonlinear, which means that the precision of nonlinear filter must be high. In order to make full use of the innovation, the error covariance matrix of fifth-order Cubature Kalman Filter (CKF) is scaled adaptively in this paper. The scaling factor can be obtained by calculating the ratio between matrix ranks of the current actual innovation and filtered innovation. The simulation experiments of large misalignment show that the improved algorithm has the higher accuracy and shorter convergence time than the traditional algorithm.
{"title":"Improved 5TH-CKF and its application in initial alignment","authors":"Wei Wang, Xiyuan Chen","doi":"10.1109/ICNSURV.2018.8384890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNSURV.2018.8384890","url":null,"abstract":"The initial alignment model of large misalignment angle is strong nonlinear, which means that the precision of nonlinear filter must be high. In order to make full use of the innovation, the error covariance matrix of fifth-order Cubature Kalman Filter (CKF) is scaled adaptively in this paper. The scaling factor can be obtained by calculating the ratio between matrix ranks of the current actual innovation and filtered innovation. The simulation experiments of large misalignment show that the improved algorithm has the higher accuracy and shorter convergence time than the traditional algorithm.","PeriodicalId":112779,"journal":{"name":"2018 Integrated Communications, Navigation, Surveillance Conference (ICNS)","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121291761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-01DOI: 10.1109/ICNSURV.2018.8384898
Masato Watanabe, J. Honda, T. Otsuyama
Multi-static primary surveillance radars (MSPSR) are being actively studied to deliver surveillance technology for civil aviation. By using multiple receivers, the performance of PSR detection can be improved, as the reflection characteristics, which change with aircraft position, can be suitably synthesized. In this paper, we report experimental results from our proposed optical-fiber-connected passive PSR system with transmit signal installed at the Sendai Airport in Japan. The proposed system is capable of detecting moving aircraft, as demonstrated by a comparison of the experimental results with real surveillance data.
{"title":"Experimental prototype for MSPSR based on optical fiber connected passive PSR","authors":"Masato Watanabe, J. Honda, T. Otsuyama","doi":"10.1109/ICNSURV.2018.8384898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNSURV.2018.8384898","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-static primary surveillance radars (MSPSR) are being actively studied to deliver surveillance technology for civil aviation. By using multiple receivers, the performance of PSR detection can be improved, as the reflection characteristics, which change with aircraft position, can be suitably synthesized. In this paper, we report experimental results from our proposed optical-fiber-connected passive PSR system with transmit signal installed at the Sendai Airport in Japan. The proposed system is capable of detecting moving aircraft, as demonstrated by a comparison of the experimental results with real surveillance data.","PeriodicalId":112779,"journal":{"name":"2018 Integrated Communications, Navigation, Surveillance Conference (ICNS)","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122797630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-01DOI: 10.1109/ICNSURV.2018.8384874
D. Liang, Kristin Cropf, A. Solomon, Rob Sherwin
This paper outlines the methods used for validating the Flight & Flow Information for a Collaborative Environment (FF-ICE) Provisions and Implementation Guidance as well as the process of developing and executing tabletop activities, as conducted by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). The validation activities include both tabletop and laboratory exercises. The recommendations and observations from these activities are provided to International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), whose members have the task of proposing processes to succeed the present-day operations to enable the realization of the Operational Concept. Global air traffic is increasing, and systems and processes that can manage the growth and standardize operations are required. The FAA's International Interoperability Harmonization and Validation (IIH&V) project is addressing these challenges by blending advances in airborne and ground technology, and focusing on the operational improvements that these technologies may enable. By exploring the interactions that Air Navigation Service Providers (ANSPs) and airspace users (AUs) could encounter during these future operations, the team is able to provide feedback to that can be adopted by the international aviation community. The FAA provided recommended procedure diagrams to address message submissions and expected responses, a lexicon to normalize definitions for all users, and suggested further exercises exploring airborne message exchanges. These findings will be discussed in detail within this paper. Ultimately, these exercises allow the FAA to participate in the development of a cohesive operating environment while advancing the goals of global harmonization and interoperability.
{"title":"An operational approach to FF-ICE planning and global harmonization through IIH&V","authors":"D. Liang, Kristin Cropf, A. Solomon, Rob Sherwin","doi":"10.1109/ICNSURV.2018.8384874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNSURV.2018.8384874","url":null,"abstract":"This paper outlines the methods used for validating the Flight & Flow Information for a Collaborative Environment (FF-ICE) Provisions and Implementation Guidance as well as the process of developing and executing tabletop activities, as conducted by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). The validation activities include both tabletop and laboratory exercises. The recommendations and observations from these activities are provided to International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), whose members have the task of proposing processes to succeed the present-day operations to enable the realization of the Operational Concept. Global air traffic is increasing, and systems and processes that can manage the growth and standardize operations are required. The FAA's International Interoperability Harmonization and Validation (IIH&V) project is addressing these challenges by blending advances in airborne and ground technology, and focusing on the operational improvements that these technologies may enable. By exploring the interactions that Air Navigation Service Providers (ANSPs) and airspace users (AUs) could encounter during these future operations, the team is able to provide feedback to that can be adopted by the international aviation community. The FAA provided recommended procedure diagrams to address message submissions and expected responses, a lexicon to normalize definitions for all users, and suggested further exercises exploring airborne message exchanges. These findings will be discussed in detail within this paper. Ultimately, these exercises allow the FAA to participate in the development of a cohesive operating environment while advancing the goals of global harmonization and interoperability.","PeriodicalId":112779,"journal":{"name":"2018 Integrated Communications, Navigation, Surveillance Conference (ICNS)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116901615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-01DOI: 10.1109/ICNSURV.2018.8384903
Xiangdong Kong, Baochang Zhang, Lei Yue, Zehao Xiao
As low-altitude airspace opens up, aeronautical surveillance based Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) has started to be widely used in the transportation system. Visual object tracking plays an important role in aeronautical surveillance for its accuracy and timeliness. Although traditional trackers have made great progress, they still tend to fail in complex scenes, such as occlusions, illumination variations, background clutter, and etc. In order to make use of appearance features to distinguish the object and surroundings, we propose a novel architecture called attentional convolutional neural networks (ACNN) in conjunction with offline training and online learning for object tracking. ACNN consists of a trunk equipped with attention blocks that highlight the interesting object, and several branches, which are respectively responsible for specific training sequences. In the tracking stage, all branches are removed and a new fully-connected (fc) layer is added to accomplish binary classification. We regard the candidate with the highest probability as current target. Extensive experimental results on public benchmark show that our method performs outstandingly against state-of-the-art methods. In addition, we have also investigated the relationship between the number of network layers and tracking performance for its practical use.
{"title":"Attentional convolutional neural networks for object tracking","authors":"Xiangdong Kong, Baochang Zhang, Lei Yue, Zehao Xiao","doi":"10.1109/ICNSURV.2018.8384903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNSURV.2018.8384903","url":null,"abstract":"As low-altitude airspace opens up, aeronautical surveillance based Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) has started to be widely used in the transportation system. Visual object tracking plays an important role in aeronautical surveillance for its accuracy and timeliness. Although traditional trackers have made great progress, they still tend to fail in complex scenes, such as occlusions, illumination variations, background clutter, and etc. In order to make use of appearance features to distinguish the object and surroundings, we propose a novel architecture called attentional convolutional neural networks (ACNN) in conjunction with offline training and online learning for object tracking. ACNN consists of a trunk equipped with attention blocks that highlight the interesting object, and several branches, which are respectively responsible for specific training sequences. In the tracking stage, all branches are removed and a new fully-connected (fc) layer is added to accomplish binary classification. We regard the candidate with the highest probability as current target. Extensive experimental results on public benchmark show that our method performs outstandingly against state-of-the-art methods. In addition, we have also investigated the relationship between the number of network layers and tracking performance for its practical use.","PeriodicalId":112779,"journal":{"name":"2018 Integrated Communications, Navigation, Surveillance Conference (ICNS)","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123089786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-01DOI: 10.1109/ICNSURV.2018.8384901
E. Frazier, C. Kessinger, T. Lindholm, Bob Barron, Gary Blackburn, James Olivo, Bill Watts, R. Stone, Desmond Keany, M. Deris, C. Gill, A. Trani
The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Next Generation (NextGen) Weather Technology in the Cockpit (WTIC) program is sponsoring an operational demonstration to evaluate the feasibility to uplink convective storm products to commercial aircraft flying routes over remote and oceanic regions for display on an electronic flight bag (EFB). The effort, called the Remote Oceanic Meteorology Information Operational (ROMIO) demonstration, is a collaborative effort between the FAA, the weather research community, the airlines, and airlines inflight entertainment communications (IFEC) providers. The ROMIO Demonstration project will develop and demonstrate operational strategies for the use of rapidly updated Cloud Top Height (CTH) and Convective Diagnosis Oceanic (CDO) products on the flight deck, in the Oceanic Air Route Traffic Control Centers (ARTCC) and as part of Airline Operations Center (AOC) flight dispatch operations. Participating airlines include Delta Air Lines, United Airlines and American Airlines. The domain for storm product creation is contained by the scanning area of the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES)-East and GOES-West satellites. Routes to be flown are between the continental United States (CONUS) and South America, Caribbean, Australia, and South Africa, among others. A select number of airline line check pilots will participate in the demonstration. The ROMIO demonstration will begin in spring of 2018 and continue for approximately 9 months. During the demonstration, feedback from pilots, AOC dispatchers and Oceanic ARTCC controllers will be solicited to ascertain the benefits associated with providing near real-time, rapidly updated graphical information on convective structure.
{"title":"The remote oceanic meteorology information operational demonstration","authors":"E. Frazier, C. Kessinger, T. Lindholm, Bob Barron, Gary Blackburn, James Olivo, Bill Watts, R. Stone, Desmond Keany, M. Deris, C. Gill, A. Trani","doi":"10.1109/ICNSURV.2018.8384901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNSURV.2018.8384901","url":null,"abstract":"The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Next Generation (NextGen) Weather Technology in the Cockpit (WTIC) program is sponsoring an operational demonstration to evaluate the feasibility to uplink convective storm products to commercial aircraft flying routes over remote and oceanic regions for display on an electronic flight bag (EFB). The effort, called the Remote Oceanic Meteorology Information Operational (ROMIO) demonstration, is a collaborative effort between the FAA, the weather research community, the airlines, and airlines inflight entertainment communications (IFEC) providers. The ROMIO Demonstration project will develop and demonstrate operational strategies for the use of rapidly updated Cloud Top Height (CTH) and Convective Diagnosis Oceanic (CDO) products on the flight deck, in the Oceanic Air Route Traffic Control Centers (ARTCC) and as part of Airline Operations Center (AOC) flight dispatch operations. Participating airlines include Delta Air Lines, United Airlines and American Airlines. The domain for storm product creation is contained by the scanning area of the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES)-East and GOES-West satellites. Routes to be flown are between the continental United States (CONUS) and South America, Caribbean, Australia, and South Africa, among others. A select number of airline line check pilots will participate in the demonstration. The ROMIO demonstration will begin in spring of 2018 and continue for approximately 9 months. During the demonstration, feedback from pilots, AOC dispatchers and Oceanic ARTCC controllers will be solicited to ascertain the benefits associated with providing near real-time, rapidly updated graphical information on convective structure.","PeriodicalId":112779,"journal":{"name":"2018 Integrated Communications, Navigation, Surveillance Conference (ICNS)","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123721581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-01DOI: 10.1109/ICNSURV.2018.8384878
P. Diffenderfer, Kevin Long, Sara A. Wilkins
The majority of general aviation (GA) pilots use mobile devices to conduct many tasks related to flight operations, including performing flight planning, filing Instrument Flight Rule (IFR) flight plans, and retrieving weather briefings. However, there is an opportunity in the aviation community to implement additional mobile device capabilities for electronic (non-verbal) services, such as clearance delivery, departure release, and pre-departure data exchange, to streamline GA pilot operations. The MITRE Corporation (MITRE) has researched how leveraging mobile application technologies for these purposes has the potential to reduce pilot and air traffic control (ATC) workload, mitigate operational risk, and enable pilots to exchange data that will improve scheduling. MITRE has developed a research prototype pilot application and data exchange model to explore this evolutionary vision. This paper provides a detailed description of these concepts, the operational benefits of the various functions, and the data architecture. It also highlights the initial findings of an on-going field demonstration at Charlotte Douglas International Airport (CLT) conducted to test the pre-departure data exchange capability. The goal of our work is to mature these concepts so that we can transition the methods and processes to appropriate government and industry entities, who can use them for internal use or create commercially available and supported products that will further GA safety and scheduling.
{"title":"Concepts for delivering ifr clearances & exchanging pre-departure data using mobile devices","authors":"P. Diffenderfer, Kevin Long, Sara A. Wilkins","doi":"10.1109/ICNSURV.2018.8384878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNSURV.2018.8384878","url":null,"abstract":"The majority of general aviation (GA) pilots use mobile devices to conduct many tasks related to flight operations, including performing flight planning, filing Instrument Flight Rule (IFR) flight plans, and retrieving weather briefings. However, there is an opportunity in the aviation community to implement additional mobile device capabilities for electronic (non-verbal) services, such as clearance delivery, departure release, and pre-departure data exchange, to streamline GA pilot operations. The MITRE Corporation (MITRE) has researched how leveraging mobile application technologies for these purposes has the potential to reduce pilot and air traffic control (ATC) workload, mitigate operational risk, and enable pilots to exchange data that will improve scheduling. MITRE has developed a research prototype pilot application and data exchange model to explore this evolutionary vision. This paper provides a detailed description of these concepts, the operational benefits of the various functions, and the data architecture. It also highlights the initial findings of an on-going field demonstration at Charlotte Douglas International Airport (CLT) conducted to test the pre-departure data exchange capability. The goal of our work is to mature these concepts so that we can transition the methods and processes to appropriate government and industry entities, who can use them for internal use or create commercially available and supported products that will further GA safety and scheduling.","PeriodicalId":112779,"journal":{"name":"2018 Integrated Communications, Navigation, Surveillance Conference (ICNS)","volume":"28 22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115701829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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