Drug and alcohol dependence最新文献

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Persistent Behavioral Effects of Repeated Adolescent Exposure to Heroin and Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) Vapor

IF 3.9 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY

Drug and alcohol dependence

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.111426

Arnold Gutierrez * , Nora Alammari , Michael Taffe

引用次数: 0

Direct and Mediating Effects of Text-Message Delivered Cannabis Use Disorder Treatment With Young Adults: A Large Randomized Clinical Trial

IF 3.9 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY

Drug and alcohol dependence

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.111465

Michael Mason * , Douglas Coatsworth , Nathaniel Riggs , Michael Russell , Jeremy Mennis , Nikola Zaharakis , Aaron Brown

引用次数: 0

The role of glucocorticoid and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the reward-enhancing effects of nicotine in the ICSS procedure in male and female rats 糖皮质激素和尼古丁乙酰胆碱受体在雄性和雌性大鼠ICSS过程中尼古丁奖励增强作用中的作用。

IF 3.9 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY

Drug and alcohol dependence

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112531

Ranjithkumar Chellian, Azin Behnood-Rod, Adriaan W. Bruijnzeel

Tobacco use disorder is a chronic disorder that affects more than one billion people worldwide and causes the death of millions each year. The rewarding properties of nicotine are critical for the initiation of smoking. Previous research has shown that the activation of glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) plays a role in nicotine self-administration in rats. However, the role of GRs in the acute rewarding effects of nicotine are unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of the GR antagonist mifepristone and the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist mecamylamine on the reward-enhancing effects of nicotine using the intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) procedure in adult male and female rats. The rats were prepared with ICSS electrodes in the medial forebrain bundle and then trained on the ICSS procedure. Nicotine lowered the brain reward thresholds and decreased response latencies similarly in male and female rats. These findings suggest that nicotine enhances the rewarding effects of ICSS and has stimulant properties. Treatment with the GR antagonist mifepristone did not affect the reward-enhancing effects of nicotine but increased response latencies, suggesting a sedative effect. Mecamylamine prevented the nicotine-induced decrease in brain reward thresholds and response latencies, but did not affect the brain reward thresholds or response latencies of the control rats. These findings suggest that the rewarding effects of nicotine are mediated via the activation of nAChRs, and that the activation of GRs does not contribute to the acute rewarding effects of nicotine. These studies enhance our understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying tobacco use disorder.

烟草使用障碍是一种慢性疾病，影响全世界超过10亿人，每年造成数百万人死亡。尼古丁的有益特性对开始吸烟至关重要。先前的研究表明，糖皮质激素受体（GRs）的激活在大鼠的尼古丁自我给药中起作用。然而，GRs在尼古丁的急性奖赏效应中的作用尚不清楚。在这项研究中，我们研究了GR拮抗剂米非司酮和烟碱乙酰胆碱受体（nAChR）拮抗剂甲胺对成年雄性和雌性大鼠尼古丁奖励增强作用的影响。在大鼠内侧前脑束内放置ICSS电极，然后进行ICSS程序训练。尼古丁降低了雄性和雌性大鼠的大脑奖励阈值，并减少了反应潜伏期。这些发现表明，尼古丁增强了ICSS的奖励作用，并具有刺激特性。用GR拮抗剂米非司酮治疗不影响尼古丁的奖励增强作用，但增加了反应潜伏期，提示有镇静作用。甲胺能阻止尼古丁引起的脑奖赏阈值和反应潜伏期的下降，但对对照大鼠的脑奖赏阈值和反应潜伏期没有影响。这些发现表明，尼古丁的奖励效应是通过nachr的激活介导的，而GRs的激活并不会导致尼古丁的急性奖励效应。这些研究增强了我们对烟草使用障碍的神经生物学机制的理解。

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引用次数: 0

Sociodemographic differences in modes of cannabis use among pregnant individuals in Northern California 北加州孕妇大麻使用方式的社会人口统计学差异。

IF 3.9 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY

Drug and alcohol dependence

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112546

Kelly C. Young-Wolff , Catherine A. Cortez , Joshua R. Nugent , Alisa A. Padon , Judith J. Prochaska , Sara R. Adams , Natalie E. Slama , Aurash J. Soroosh , Monique B. Does , Cynthia I. Campbell , Deborah Ansley , Carley Castellanos , Qiana L. Brown

Background

The potential risks of prenatal cannabis use may vary depending on how cannabis is administered, but little is known about modes of prenatal cannabis use. This study characterized prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of modes of prenatal cannabis use in California.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included patients with pregnancies between January 1, 2021 and December 31, 2022 in a large healthcare system (3507 pregnancies [3454 individuals]) who self-reported prenatal cannabis use and mode of use (smoke, vape, edibles, dabs, and topicals) during universal screening at entrance to prenatal care. Multivariable regression models examined the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics and modes of use.

Results

Smoking was the most common mode (71.1 %), followed by edibles (32.6 %), vaping (22.2 %), dabs (9.9 %), and topicals (4.6 %); 29.9 % endorsed multiple modes. Those who used edibles were the least likely to use daily (28.2 %), while those who dabbed (54.3 %) or used > 1 mode (45.3 %) were the most likely to use daily. In multivariable models, smoking was generally more common and edibles less common among those who were younger, non-Hispanic Black, and living in more deprived neighborhoods, vaping was more common among Hispanic individuals and less common among non-Hispanic Black individuals and those living in more deprived neighborhoods, and dabbing was more common among those who were younger and Hispanic.

Conclusion

Modes of cannabis use during early pregnancy varied by sociodemographic characteristics. Future research is needed to test whether the risks of adverse outcomes or likelihood of persistent use during pregnancy vary depending on how cannabis is administered during pregnancy.

背景：产前使用大麻的潜在风险可能因大麻的使用方式而异，但对产前使用大麻的方式知之甚少。本研究描述了加州产前大麻使用模式的患病率和社会人口学相关因素。方法：本横断面研究纳入了2021年1月1日至2022年12月31日期间在大型医疗保健系统中怀孕的患者（3507例妊娠[3454例]），这些患者在产前护理开始时进行普遍筛查时自我报告产前大麻使用情况和使用方式（吸烟、电子烟、可食用、小片和外用）。多变量回归模型检验了社会人口学特征和使用方式之间的关系。结果：吸烟是最常见的方式（71.1%），其次是食用（32.6%）、电子烟（22.2%）、轻吸（9.9%）和外敷（4.6%）；29.9%支持多种模式。那些使用可食用食品的人每天使用的可能性最小（28.2%），而那些轻度使用（54.3%）或使用> 1模式（45.3%）的人最有可能每天使用。在多变量模型中，在年轻、非西班牙裔黑人和生活在更贫困社区的人群中，吸烟通常更常见，可食用的更不常见，在西班牙裔人群中，电子烟更常见，在非西班牙裔黑人和生活在更贫困社区的人群中，电子烟更常见，在年轻和西班牙裔人群中，电子烟更常见。结论：怀孕早期使用大麻的方式因社会人口特征而异。未来的研究需要测试不良后果的风险或怀孕期间持续使用的可能性是否因怀孕期间使用大麻的方式而异。

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引用次数: 0

Examining the association between fentanyl use and perceived adequacy of methadone dose: A retrospective cohort study 芬太尼使用和美沙酮剂量的感知充分性之间的关系：一项回顾性队列研究。

IF 3.9 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY

Drug and alcohol dependence

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112547

Samantha Young , Janet Raboud , Zoë Dodd , Kora DeBeck , MJ Milloy , Dean Wilson , Kanna Hayashi , Ahmed M. Bayoumi , Nadia Fairbairn

Background

People exposed to fentanyl may report that the dose of methadone in the commonly accepted therapeutic range feels too low. We examined self-reported methadone dose adequacy.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of individuals prescribed methadone at a dose of at least 60 mg daily using data from three community-recruited prospective cohort studies of people who use drugs in Vancouver, Canada from December 2016 through March 2020. We used multivariable generalized estimating equations to estimate the relationship between type of opioid exposure – measured using urine drug tests and categorized as: (1) fentanyl-positive, (2) fentanyl-negative opioid-positive, and (3) fentanyl- and opioid-negative, and report of their methadone dose being too low.

Results

In total, 1732 observations from 616 participants were included, of which 914 (52.8 %) observations had a fentanyl-positive, 178 (10.3 %) had a fentanyl-negative opioid-positive, and 640 (37.0 %) had a fentanyl- and opioid-negative urine drug test. Compared with those with a fentanyl-positive urine drug test, in the adjusted model those with a fentanyl- and opioid-negative urine drug test were significantly less likely to report their methadone dose as too low (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=0.57, 95 % CI 0.41–0.81), while there was no significant association among those with a fentanyl-negative opioid-positive urine drug test (AOR=0.92, 95 % CI 0.59–1.43).

Conclusions

We found that exposure to non-fentanyl opioids while on methadone was not associated with feeling the dose was too low compared with individuals exposed to fentanyl. Our findings support adequate titration of methadone for individuals with continued exposure to unregulated opioids including fentanyl.

背景：接触芬太尼的人可能会报告，在普遍接受的治疗范围内，美沙酮的剂量感觉过低。我们检查了自我报告的美沙酮剂量充分性。方法：我们进行了一项回顾性队列研究，使用来自加拿大温哥华2016年12月至2020年3月期间三个社区招募的前瞻性队列研究的数据，研究对象是每天服用至少60mg剂量的美沙酮的个体。我们使用多变量广义估计方程来估计阿片类药物暴露类型之间的关系——通过尿液药物测试来测量，并分类为：(1)芬太尼阳性，(2)芬太尼阴性阿片类药物阳性，(3)芬太尼和阿片类药物阴性，并报告他们的美沙酮剂量过低。结果：共纳入616名参与者的1732项观察结果，其中914项（52.8%）观察结果为芬太尼阳性，178项（10.3%）观察结果为芬太尼阴性阿片类阳性，640项（37.0%）观察结果为芬太尼和阿片类阴性尿检。与芬太尼尿检阳性的患者相比，在调整后的模型中，芬太尼尿检阴性和阿片类药物尿检阴性的患者报告美沙酮剂量过低的可能性显著降低（调整后的优势比[AOR]=0.57, 95% CI 0.41-0.81），而芬太尼尿检阴性的阿片类药物尿检阳性患者报告美沙酮剂量过低的可能性显著降低（AOR=0.92, 95% CI 0.59-1.43）。结论：我们发现，与服用芬太尼的个体相比，服用美沙酮时暴露于非芬太尼类阿片类药物与感觉剂量过低无关。我们的研究结果支持对持续暴露于不受管制的阿片类药物（包括芬太尼）的个体进行适当的美沙酮滴定。

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引用次数: 0

Pain severity contributes to worse outcomes in opioid use disorder recovery than pain status 疼痛严重程度对阿片类药物使用障碍康复的影响比疼痛状态更差。

IF 3.9 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY

Drug and alcohol dependence

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112530

William H. Craft , Candice L. Craft , Allison N. Tegge , Liqa N. Athamneh , Jeffrey S. Stein , Diana R. Keith , Anne Le Moigne , Angela M. DeVeaugh-Geiss , Howard D. Chilcoat , Warren K. Bickel

Background

Opioid use disorder (OUD) continues to pose a significant challenge to public health in the United States. Chronic pain and OUD are highly comorbid conditions, yet few studies have examined the relative associations of pain status and severity toward multidimensional OUD recovery outcomes (e.g., psychopathology and withdrawal).

Methods

Participants (N = 214) were from the RECOVER-LT study, conducted 4.2-years after completion of a clinical trial program assessing extended-release buprenorphine. Group differences by pain status (i.e., chronic, acute, or no pain) were evaluated in this cross-sectional data set using analysis of variance and Fisher’s exact test. Linear regression was utilized to understand the associations between average pain severity and recovery outcomes. Model selection was performed to examine the relative importance of pain status and average pain severity to recovery outcomes.

Results

A majority of the sample endorsed chronic pain (73.8 %). The multivariate regression analysis with model selection found that higher average pain severity (p < .001), but not pain status, was significantly associated with the multidimensional recovery outcomes greater total number of DSM-5 OUD symptoms, higher opioid withdrawal score, reduced physical quality of life, higher depressive symptoms, negative affect, and greater psychological distress. Pain status and average pain severity were not associated with past 7- or 30-day opioid use (p > 0.001).

Conclusions

These findings highlight pain severity, but not pain status, as a key dimension of OUD recovery. This suggests a need for integration of OUD treatment and pain management, particularly for individuals experiencing elevated pain severity regardless of pain status.

背景：阿片类药物使用障碍（OUD）继续对美国的公共卫生构成重大挑战。慢性疼痛和OUD是高度合并症，但很少有研究检查疼痛状态和严重程度与多维OUD恢复结果（如精神病理和戒断）的相对关联。方法：参与者（N = 214）来自recovery - lt研究，该研究在评估缓释丁丙诺啡的临床试验项目完成4.2年后进行。根据疼痛状态（即慢性，急性或无疼痛）的组差异在该横截面数据集中使用方差分析和Fisher精确检验进行评估。使用线性回归来了解平均疼痛严重程度与恢复结果之间的关系。进行模型选择以检验疼痛状态和平均疼痛严重程度对恢复结果的相对重要性。结果：大多数样本认可慢性疼痛（73.8%）。模型选择的多变量回归分析发现平均疼痛严重程度较高（p < 0.001）。结论：这些发现强调了疼痛严重程度，而不是疼痛状态，是OUD恢复的关键维度。这表明需要将OUD治疗和疼痛管理结合起来，特别是对于疼痛严重程度升高的个体，无论疼痛状态如何。

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引用次数: 0

Describing Patterns of Drug Use and Service Delivery at Supervised Consumption Sites in Canada

IF 3.9 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY

Drug and alcohol dependence

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.111429

Colin Steensma * , Isac Lima , Ledia Gamil , Michelle Ross

引用次数: 0

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