首页 > 最新文献

Drug and alcohol dependence最新文献

英文 中文
Dyadic cannabis use, alcohol use and relationship satisfaction: A daily diary study 双人大麻使用、酒精使用和关系满意度：每日日记研究。
IF 3.9 2区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY
Drug and alcohol dependence
Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112466
Margy Y. Chen, Tiffany A. Ito, Angela D. Bryan

Objective

Intimate relationships are important contexts for understanding individuals’ substance use patterns and trajectories. Using a dyadic daily diary design reporting over 14 consecutive days, the present study examined the association between cannabis use, alcohol use, and momentary relationship satisfaction among adult couples

Method

Eligible individuals on Prolific were invited to participate. We identified 33 couples where both partners participated. Participants completed a baseline survey and a 14-day daily diary study assessing their daily cannabis use, alcohol use, and relationship satisfaction. Multilevel modeling was used, within an Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM), to evaluate the individual and interactive effects of one’s own use and their partner’s use on relationship satisfaction

Results

Significant actor and partner effects of alcohol and cannabis use were found using both baseline and daily report data. For individuals who use cannabis more heavily among sampled couples, cannabis and alcohol co-use was associated with reduction in their own next-day relationship satisfaction while alcohol-only use was significantly associated with increased next-day satisfaction. There were no significant effects of one’s own or their partner’s effects for individuals who use cannabis more lightly.

Conclusions

Findings replicate and extend prior research by demonstrating the dynamic nature of dyadic substance use and highlighting the unique impact of alcohol and cannabis co-use on daily relationship functioning.
目的：亲密关系是了解个人药物使用模式和轨迹的重要背景。本研究采用连续 14 天的每日日记设计，考察了成年夫妇中大麻使用、酒精使用和瞬间关系满意度之间的关联。 方法：我们邀请 Prolific 网站上符合条件的个人参与研究。我们确定了 33 对伴侣都参与其中的情侣。参与者完成了基线调查和为期 14 天的每日日记研究，评估他们的日常大麻使用、酒精使用和关系满意度。在行为者-伴侣相互依赖模型（APIM）中使用了多层次模型，以评估自己和伴侣使用大麻对关系满意度的个体和交互影响 结果：使用基线和每日报告数据发现，使用酒精和大麻对行为者和伴侣有显著影响。对于抽样夫妇中大麻使用较多的人来说，大麻和酒精的共同使用与他们自己次日关系满意度的降低有关，而只使用酒精则与次日满意度的提高有显著关系。对于大麻使用较少的人来说，自己或伴侣的影响都不明显：研究结果重复并扩展了之前的研究，证明了伴侣间药物使用的动态性质，并强调了共同使用酒精和大麻对日常关系运作的独特影响。
{"title":"Dyadic cannabis use, alcohol use and relationship satisfaction: A daily diary study","authors":"Margy Y. Chen,&nbsp;Tiffany A. Ito,&nbsp;Angela D. Bryan","doi":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112466","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112466","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Intimate relationships are important contexts for understanding individuals’ substance use patterns and trajectories. Using a dyadic daily diary design reporting over 14 consecutive days, the present study examined the association between cannabis use, alcohol use, and momentary relationship satisfaction among adult couples</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Eligible individuals on Prolific were invited to participate. We identified 33 couples where both partners participated. Participants completed a baseline survey and a 14-day daily diary study assessing their daily cannabis use, alcohol use, and relationship satisfaction. Multilevel modeling was used, within an Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM), to evaluate the individual and interactive effects of one’s own use and their partner’s use on relationship satisfaction</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Significant actor and partner effects of alcohol and cannabis use were found using both baseline and daily report data. For individuals who use cannabis more heavily among sampled couples, cannabis and alcohol co-use was associated with reduction in their own next-day relationship satisfaction while alcohol-only use was significantly associated with increased next-day satisfaction. There were no significant effects of one’s own or their partner’s effects for individuals who use cannabis more lightly.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Findings replicate and extend prior research by demonstrating the dynamic nature of dyadic substance use and highlighting the unique impact of alcohol and cannabis co-use on daily relationship functioning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11322,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 112466"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142515220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Misrepresentation of MDMA in the United States, 1999–2023 1999-2023 年美国对摇头丸的误导。
IF 3.9 2区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY
Drug and alcohol dependence
Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112467
Eric L. Sevigny , Sylvia Thyssen , Earth Erowid , Russell Lea

Background and aims

The misrepresentation of illicit drugs in unregulated markets increases the risk of adverse health events. This study analyzed drug checking data to compare represented, expected, and actual content of alleged MDMA samples, estimate trends in the quality of the MDMA supply, document the presence of adulterants, compare patterns of adulteration, and validate drug checking against law enforcement data.

Method

The study analyzed 4719 alleged MDMA samples submitted to the DrugsData drug checking service between 1999–2023. Measures captured characteristics and quality of the MDMA supply, including represented content, expected and actual content, sample form, and specific adulterants. Tests of association were conducted using Pearson’s chi-square or Spearman’s rho, and tests for trends were performed using joinpoint regression.

Finding

Most samples (75 %) were expected to contain MDMA, but this varied significantly by represented content (p<0.001). About half the samples (48 %) contained MDMA-only, which also varied significantly by represented content (p<0.001). MDMA-only prevalence declined from 1999–2009 (57.4–15.2 %, p<0.05), recovered from 2009–2017 (15.2–56.0 %, p<0.05), and increased more moderately from 2017–2023 (56.0–74.1 %, p<0.05). Overall, 199 unique adulterants were detected in the MDMA supply across 25 years. We confirmed robust correlations in adulterant prevalence trends between drug checking and law enforcement seizure data.

Conclusions

While users typically expected alleged MDMA samples to contain only MDMA, more than half of the submitted MDMA samples were misrepresented in some manner. Despite high levels of misrepresentation, MDMA quality has stabilized at relatively high levels in recent years
背景和目的：非法药物在不受监管的市场上的虚假陈述增加了发生不良健康事件的风险。本研究分析了毒品检查数据，以比较声称的亚甲二氧基甲基苯丙胺样本的代表含量、预期含量和实际含量，估计亚甲二氧基甲基苯丙胺供应质量的趋势，记录掺假物的存在，比较掺假模式，并根据执法数据验证毒品检查结果：本研究分析了 1999-2023 年间提交给 DrugsData 药物检查服务的 4719 份声称的摇头丸样本。研究措施捕捉了亚甲二氧基甲基苯丙胺供应的特征和质量，包括代表含量、预期和实际含量、样本形式和特定掺杂物。使用皮尔逊卡方或斯皮尔曼rho进行关联检验，使用连接点回归进行趋势检验：大多数样品（75%）被认为含有亚甲二氧基甲基苯丙胺，但不同含量的样品之间存在显著差异（p 结论：虽然用户通常认为所称的摇头丸样品只含有摇头丸，但提交的摇头丸样品中有一半以上以某种方式被歪曲。尽管存在大量虚假陈述，但近年来亚甲二氧基甲基苯丙胺的质量已稳定在相对较高的水平。
{"title":"Misrepresentation of MDMA in the United States, 1999–2023","authors":"Eric L. Sevigny ,&nbsp;Sylvia Thyssen ,&nbsp;Earth Erowid ,&nbsp;Russell Lea","doi":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112467","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112467","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aims</h3><div>The misrepresentation of illicit drugs in unregulated markets increases the risk of adverse health events. This study analyzed drug checking data to compare represented, expected, and actual content of alleged MDMA samples, estimate trends in the quality of the MDMA supply, document the presence of adulterants, compare patterns of adulteration, and validate drug checking against law enforcement data.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>The study analyzed 4719 alleged MDMA samples submitted to the DrugsData drug checking service between 1999–2023. Measures captured characteristics and quality of the MDMA supply, including represented content, expected and actual content, sample form, and specific adulterants. Tests of association were conducted using Pearson’s chi-square or Spearman’s rho, and tests for trends were performed using joinpoint regression.</div></div><div><h3>Finding</h3><div>Most samples (75 %) were expected to contain MDMA, but this varied significantly by represented content (p&lt;0.001). About half the samples (48 %) contained MDMA-only, which also varied significantly by represented content (p&lt;0.001). MDMA-only prevalence declined from 1999–2009 (57.4–15.2 %, p&lt;0.05), recovered from 2009–2017 (15.2–56.0 %, p&lt;0.05), and increased more moderately from 2017–2023 (56.0–74.1 %, p&lt;0.05). Overall, 199 unique adulterants were detected in the MDMA supply across 25 years. We confirmed robust correlations in adulterant prevalence trends between drug checking and law enforcement seizure data.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>While users typically expected alleged MDMA samples to contain only MDMA, more than half of the submitted MDMA samples were misrepresented in some manner. Despite high levels of misrepresentation, MDMA quality has stabilized at relatively high levels in recent years</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11322,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 112467"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142515222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Psychometric performance of tools to measure internalized drug use stigma among people who use drugs and people on medication-assisted treatment in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania 衡量坦桑尼亚达累斯萨拉姆吸毒者和接受药物辅助治疗者对吸毒的内在化成见的工具的心理计量性能。
IF 3.9 2区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY
Drug and alcohol dependence
Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112469
Stacy M. Endres-Dighe , Linda B. Mlunde , Emmanuel Oga , Jessie K. Mbwambo , Zawadi Shomari , Judith Mkufya , Elizabeth Nguma , Lucy C. Teemba , Khalida Saalim , Laura Nyblade

Background

People who use drugs (PWUD) and people who use medication-assisted treatment (MAT) to treat opioid use disorder face severe stigma. Stigma may manifest in delayed health-seeking behaviors, which adversely affects health and increases disease risk. Few validated measures assess internalized drug use stigma or MAT disclosure concerns in sub-Saharan Africa. This study examines the performance of internalized drug use stigma scales and characterizes the prevalence of these stigmas among PWUD and people who use MAT in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional survey among 250 PWUD and 251 MAT clinic clients. Internalized drug use and MAT disclosure concerns were measured using scales adapted to the Tanzanian context. We conducted exploratory factor analysis to identify latent constructs and evaluate reliability of the scales. We then used confirmatory factor analysis to assess construct validity and reliability.

Results

The six-item internalized drug use stigma scale (IDUSS) was unidimensional, reflected acceptable goodness-of-fit, and acceptable reliability (Cronbach’s α = 0.79). The eight-item internalized drug use stigma scale for people using MAT (IDUSS-MAT) was bidimensional. Allowing error terms of related items to covary improved goodness-of-fit. The IDUSS-MAT demonstrated acceptable reliability (Cronbach’s α = 0.79). Among PWUD and MAT clinic clients, higher levels of stigma were associated with increased depression and reduced social support and quality of life.

Conclusions

Both the IDUSS and IDUSS-MAT demonstrated good construct validity and acceptable reliability. These validated scales provide the foundation for collecting data to inform the development of stigma reduction interventions in Tanzania and among similar Sub-Saharan populations of PWUD and the tools needed to assess those interventions.
背景：吸毒者（PWUD）和使用药物辅助治疗（MAT）来治疗阿片类药物使用障碍的人面临着严重的耻辱感。污名化可能表现为寻求健康行为的延迟，从而对健康产生不利影响并增加患病风险。在撒哈拉以南非洲地区，很少有经过验证的测量方法来评估内化的药物使用羞辱或 MAT 披露问题。本研究检验了内化的吸毒耻辱感量表的性能，并描述了这些耻辱感在坦桑尼亚达累斯萨拉姆的吸毒者和使用 MAT 的人中的流行程度：我们对 250 名感染艾滋病毒者和艾滋病患者以及 251 名 MAT 诊所客户进行了横断面调查。我们使用适合坦桑尼亚国情的量表测量了内化药物使用和 MAT 披露问题。我们进行了探索性因子分析，以确定潜在的结构并评估量表的可靠性。然后，我们使用确认性因子分析来评估构建的有效性和可靠性：结果：六项目内化吸毒耻辱感量表（IDUSS）是单维的，反映了可接受的拟合优度和可接受的信度（Cronbach's α = 0.79）。针对 MAT 使用者的八项目吸毒污名内化量表（IDUSS-MAT）为二维量表。允许相关项目的误差项共变可以提高拟合优度。IDUSS-MAT 的信度可以接受（Cronbach's α = 0.79）。在PWUD和MAT患者中，污名化程度越高，抑郁程度越高，社会支持和生活质量越低：IDUSS和IDUSS-MAT均表现出良好的结构效度和可接受的信度。这些经过验证的量表为收集数据奠定了基础，为在坦桑尼亚和类似的撒哈拉以南非洲人群中制定减少污名化干预措施以及评估这些干预措施所需的工具提供了依据。
{"title":"Psychometric performance of tools to measure internalized drug use stigma among people who use drugs and people on medication-assisted treatment in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania","authors":"Stacy M. Endres-Dighe ,&nbsp;Linda B. Mlunde ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Oga ,&nbsp;Jessie K. Mbwambo ,&nbsp;Zawadi Shomari ,&nbsp;Judith Mkufya ,&nbsp;Elizabeth Nguma ,&nbsp;Lucy C. Teemba ,&nbsp;Khalida Saalim ,&nbsp;Laura Nyblade","doi":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112469","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112469","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>People who use drugs (PWUD) and people who use medication-assisted treatment (MAT) to treat opioid use disorder face severe stigma. Stigma may manifest in delayed health-seeking behaviors, which adversely affects health and increases disease risk. Few validated measures assess internalized drug use stigma or MAT disclosure concerns in sub-Saharan Africa. This study examines the performance of internalized drug use stigma scales and characterizes the prevalence of these stigmas among PWUD and people who use MAT in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a cross-sectional survey among 250 PWUD and 251 MAT clinic clients. Internalized drug use and MAT disclosure concerns were measured using scales adapted to the Tanzanian context. We conducted exploratory factor analysis to identify latent constructs and evaluate reliability of the scales. We then used confirmatory factor analysis to assess construct validity and reliability.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The six-item internalized drug use stigma scale (IDUSS) was unidimensional, reflected acceptable goodness-of-fit, and acceptable reliability (Cronbach’s α = 0.79). The eight-item internalized drug use stigma scale for people using MAT (IDUSS-MAT) was bidimensional. Allowing error terms of related items to covary improved goodness-of-fit. The IDUSS-MAT demonstrated acceptable reliability (Cronbach’s α = 0.79). Among PWUD and MAT clinic clients, higher levels of stigma were associated with increased depression and reduced social support and quality of life.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Both the IDUSS and IDUSS-MAT demonstrated good construct validity and acceptable reliability. These validated scales provide the foundation for collecting data to inform the development of stigma reduction interventions in Tanzania and among similar Sub-Saharan populations of PWUD and the tools needed to assess those interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11322,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 112469"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142483961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Labour productivity losses from premature death due to alcohol in Spain (2002–2018): Estimation and comparative analysis with tobacco-related estimates 西班牙因酒精导致过早死亡造成的劳动生产率损失（2002-2018 年）：估算以及与烟草相关估算的比较分析。
IF 3.9 2区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY
Drug and alcohol dependence
Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112462
Juan Oliva-Moreno , Marta Trapero-Bertran , Luz Maria Peña-Longobardo

Aim

To estimate premature deaths, years of potential labour productivity lost, and productivity losses attributable to alcohol consumption in Spain (2002–2018) and, compare these losses with those from tobacco consumption.

Methods

Using the human capital approach, data on employment, wages and mortality were analysed from national sources. Alcohol-related mortality risks were drawn from the Spanish Ministry of Health. Labour productivity losses were calculated based on working-age mortality (35–64 years), with adjustments for productivity growth and discount rates. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to validate the findings.

Results

Between 2002 and 2018, premature deaths and productivity losses related to alcohol consumption decreased significantly, with losses declining from 1959 million euros in 2002–936 million euros in 2018, representing a 52.2 % reduction. Although there was also a favourable trend in this area, productivity losses due to tobacco-related deaths amounted to 68.6 %.

Conclusion

This study reveals a marked decline in alcohol-related labour productivity losses in Spain over the analysed period. Nevertheless, tobacco and alcohol continue to pose a greater economic burden, highlighting the need for sustained public health efforts targeting both alcohol and tobacco consumption to mitigate productivity losses.
目的：估算西班牙因饮酒造成的过早死亡、潜在劳动生产率损失年数和生产率损失（2002-2018 年），并将这些损失与烟草消费造成的损失进行比较：方法：采用人力资本方法，分析国家来源的就业、工资和死亡率数据。与酒精相关的死亡风险来自西班牙卫生部。劳动生产率损失根据工作年龄死亡率（35-64 岁）计算，并根据生产率增长和贴现率进行调整。为验证研究结果，还进行了敏感性分析：2002 年至 2018 年间，与饮酒有关的过早死亡人数和生产率损失大幅下降，损失从 2002 年的 1.59 亿欧元降至 2018 年的 9.36 亿欧元，降幅达 52.2%。尽管在这一领域也出现了有利趋势，但与烟草相关的死亡造成的生产力损失达到 68.6%：这项研究表明，在分析期内，西班牙与酒精相关的劳动生产率损失明显下降。尽管如此，烟草和酒精仍然造成了更大的经济负担，这突出表明需要针对酒精和烟草消费开展持续的公共卫生工作，以减少生产力损失。
{"title":"Labour productivity losses from premature death due to alcohol in Spain (2002–2018): Estimation and comparative analysis with tobacco-related estimates","authors":"Juan Oliva-Moreno ,&nbsp;Marta Trapero-Bertran ,&nbsp;Luz Maria Peña-Longobardo","doi":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112462","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112462","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>To estimate premature deaths, years of potential labour productivity lost, and productivity losses attributable to alcohol consumption in Spain (2002–2018) and, compare these losses with those from tobacco consumption.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div><strong>Using</strong> the human capital approach, data on employment, wages and mortality were analysed from national sources. Alcohol-related mortality risks were drawn from the Spanish Ministry of Health. Labour productivity losses were calculated based on working-age mortality (35–64 years), with adjustments for productivity growth and discount rates. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to validate the findings.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Between 2002 and 2018, premature deaths and productivity losses related to alcohol consumption decreased significantly, with losses declining from 1959 million euros in 2002–936 million euros in 2018, representing a 52.2 % reduction. Although there was also a favourable trend in this area, productivity losses due to tobacco-related deaths amounted to 68.6 %.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study reveals a marked decline in alcohol-related labour productivity losses in Spain over the analysed period. Nevertheless, tobacco and alcohol continue to pose a greater economic burden, highlighting the need for sustained public health efforts targeting both alcohol and tobacco consumption to mitigate productivity losses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11322,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 112462"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142515221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Investigation into the biomolecular bases of blunted cocaine-induced glutamate release within the nucleus accumbens elicited by adolescent exposure to phenylpropanolamine 青少年暴露于苯丙羟胺后，可卡因诱导的谷氨酸在脑核内释放减弱的生物分子基础研究。
IF 3.9 2区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY
Drug and alcohol dependence
Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112465
Casey A. Wilson , Bailey W. Miller , Rachel M. Renton , Kevin D. Lominac , Karen K. Szumlinski
Globally, phenylpropanolamine (PPA) is a prevalent primary active ingredient in over-the-counter cough and cold, as well as weight-loss medications. Previously, we showed that a sensitization of cocaine-induced glutamate release within the nucleus accumbens (NAC) and the expression of cocaine-conditioned reward is not apparent in adult mice with a prior history of repeated PPA exposure during adolescence. As NAC glutamate is a purported driver of cocaine reward and reinforcement, the present study employed in vivo microdialysis and immunoblotting approaches to inform as to the receptor and transporter anomalies that might underpin the disrupted glutamate response to cocaine in adolescent PPA-exposed mice. For this, male and female C57BL/6 J mice were pretreated, once daily, with either 0 or 40 mg/kg PPA during post-natal days 35–44. Adolescent PPA pretreatment significantly altered the expression of mGlu2/3 and α2 receptors in the NAC, with less robust changes detected for EAAT2, D2 receptors, DAT and NET. However, we detected no overt change in the capacity of these receptors or transporters to affect extracellular glutamate levels in adolescent PPA-pretreated mice. The present findings contrast with the pronounced changes in the capacity of mGlu2/3 receptors, EAAT, DAT and NET to regulate NAC extracellular glutamate reported previously for juvenile PPA-pretreated mice, indicating further that the long-term biochemical consequences of PPA depend on the critical period of neurodevelopment during which an individual is PPA-exposed, although the specific biomolecular changes underpinning the cocaine phenotype produced by adolescent PPA remain to be elucidated.
在全球范围内，苯丙醇胺（PPA）是非处方药咳嗽、感冒和减肥药物中普遍使用的一种主要活性成分。此前，我们曾研究发现，对于在青春期曾反复接触过苯丙羟胺的成年小鼠，可卡因诱导的谷氨酸在伏隔核（NAC）内释放的敏感性和可卡因条件奖赏的表达并不明显。由于NAC谷氨酸被认为是可卡因奖赏和强化的驱动因素，本研究采用了体内微透析和免疫印迹方法，以了解受体和转运体异常可能是青春期PPA暴露小鼠谷氨酸对可卡因反应紊乱的基础。为此，在C57BL/6J雌雄小鼠出生后的第35-44天，每天用0或40毫克/千克PPA预处理一次。青春期PPA预处理明显改变了NAC中mGlu2/3和α2受体的表达，EAAT2、D2受体、DAT和NET的表达变化较小。然而，我们检测到这些受体或转运体影响青春期 PPA 预处理小鼠细胞外谷氨酸水平的能力没有明显变化。本研究结果与之前报告的经 PPA 预处理的幼年小鼠中 mGlu2/3 受体、EAAT、DAT 和 NET 调节 NAC 细胞外谷氨酸的能力的明显变化形成鲜明对比，进一步表明 PPA 的长期生化后果取决于个体暴露于 PPA 的神经发育关键时期，尽管青少年 PPA 产生的可卡因表型所依据的具体生物分子变化仍有待阐明。
{"title":"Investigation into the biomolecular bases of blunted cocaine-induced glutamate release within the nucleus accumbens elicited by adolescent exposure to phenylpropanolamine","authors":"Casey A. Wilson ,&nbsp;Bailey W. Miller ,&nbsp;Rachel M. Renton ,&nbsp;Kevin D. Lominac ,&nbsp;Karen K. Szumlinski","doi":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112465","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112465","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Globally, phenylpropanolamine (PPA) is a prevalent primary active ingredient in over-the-counter cough and cold, as well as weight-loss medications. Previously, we showed that a sensitization of cocaine-induced glutamate release within the nucleus accumbens (NAC) and the expression of cocaine-conditioned reward is not apparent in adult mice with a prior history of repeated PPA exposure during adolescence. As NAC glutamate is a purported driver of cocaine reward and reinforcement, the present study employed <em>in vivo</em> microdialysis and immunoblotting approaches to inform as to the receptor and transporter anomalies that might underpin the disrupted glutamate response to cocaine in adolescent PPA-exposed mice. For this, male and female C57BL/6<!--> <!-->J mice were pretreated, once daily, with either 0 or 40<!--> <!-->mg/kg PPA during post-natal days 35–44. Adolescent PPA pretreatment significantly altered the expression of mGlu2/3 and α2 receptors in the NAC, with less robust changes detected for EAAT2, D2 receptors, DAT and NET. However, we detected no overt change in the capacity of these receptors or transporters to affect extracellular glutamate levels in adolescent PPA-pretreated mice. The present findings contrast with the pronounced changes in the capacity of mGlu2/3 receptors, EAAT, DAT and NET to regulate NAC extracellular glutamate reported previously for juvenile PPA-pretreated mice, indicating further that the long-term biochemical consequences of PPA depend on the critical period of neurodevelopment during which an individual is PPA-exposed, although the specific biomolecular changes underpinning the cocaine phenotype produced by adolescent PPA remain to be elucidated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11322,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 112465"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142483960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Developing web-based interventions for alcohol use screening and alcohol education administered by village health volunteers in the community setting 开发基于网络的干预措施，由乡村卫生志愿者在社区环境中进行酒精使用筛查和酒精教育。
IF 3.9 2区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY
Drug and alcohol dependence
Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112461
Polathep Vichitkunakorn , Chutarat Sathirapanya , Napakkawat Buathong , Phoomjai Sornsenee , Sitthichok Chaichulee , Teerohah Donraman

Background

Given technology’s rising importance in addressing alcohol issues, this study aimed to compare the effectiveness of web-based interventions and that of traditional paper-based methods for alcohol use screening and education administered by village health volunteers (VHVs) in Thailand.

Methods

This cluster randomised controlled trial was conducted in two Thai villages with similar demographics and alcohol-use patterns. The villages were randomly assigned to either a web-based or a paper-based intervention group. The web-based group accessed screenings and interventions through a digital platform designed to facilitate participant interaction and data collection, whereas the paper-based group used conventional face-to-face screenings, paper questionnaires, and printed educational materials.

Results

Of the 1396 participants, those in the web-based group (n = 421) demonstrated a significantly higher likelihood of abstaining from or discontinuing alcohol use by the third session compared to those in the paper group (n = 975) (adjusted odds ratio 1.88–8.11). Additionally, satisfaction among VHVs regarding the ease of use and data accuracy was notably higher in the web-based group, with scores averaging 20 % higher than those in the control group.

Conclusion

Web-based interventions are more effective and efficient than traditional methods and provide a promising tool for expanding alcohol use disorder screening and education. This approach not only enhances participation rates but also improves the accuracy and reliability of health data collection.
背景：鉴于技术在解决酒精问题方面的重要性日益凸显，本研究旨在比较泰国乡村健康志愿者（VHVs）在酒精使用筛查和教育方面采用网络干预和传统纸质方法的效果：这项分组随机对照试验在泰国两个人口和饮酒模式相似的村庄进行。这两个村庄被随机分配到网络干预组或纸质干预组。网络组通过旨在促进参与者互动和数据收集的数字平台进行筛查和干预，而纸质组则使用传统的面对面筛查、纸质问卷和印刷教育材料：在 1396 名参与者中，网络组（n = 421）与纸质组（n = 975）相比，在第三个疗程前戒酒或停止饮酒的可能性明显更高（调整后的几率比为 1.88-8.11）。此外，网络组的自愿戒酒者对使用简便性和数据准确性的满意度明显更高，平均得分比对照组高出 20%：网络干预比传统方法更有效、更高效，为扩大酒精使用障碍筛查和教育提供了一种前景广阔的工具。这种方法不仅能提高参与率，还能提高健康数据收集的准确性和可靠性。
{"title":"Developing web-based interventions for alcohol use screening and alcohol education administered by village health volunteers in the community setting","authors":"Polathep Vichitkunakorn ,&nbsp;Chutarat Sathirapanya ,&nbsp;Napakkawat Buathong ,&nbsp;Phoomjai Sornsenee ,&nbsp;Sitthichok Chaichulee ,&nbsp;Teerohah Donraman","doi":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112461","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112461","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Given technology’s rising importance in addressing alcohol issues, this study aimed to compare the effectiveness of web-based interventions and that of traditional paper-based methods for alcohol use screening and education administered by village health volunteers (VHVs) in Thailand.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cluster randomised controlled trial was conducted in two Thai villages with similar demographics and alcohol-use patterns. The villages were randomly assigned to either a web-based or a paper-based intervention group. The web-based group accessed screenings and interventions through a digital platform designed to facilitate participant interaction and data collection, whereas the paper-based group used conventional face-to-face screenings, paper questionnaires, and printed educational materials.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 1396 participants, those in the web-based group (n = 421) demonstrated a significantly higher likelihood of abstaining from or discontinuing alcohol use by the third session compared to those in the paper group (n = 975) (adjusted odds ratio 1.88–8.11). Additionally, satisfaction among VHVs regarding the ease of use and data accuracy was notably higher in the web-based group, with scores averaging 20 % higher than those in the control group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Web-based interventions are more effective and efficient than traditional methods and provide a promising tool for expanding alcohol use disorder screening and education. This approach not only enhances participation rates but also improves the accuracy and reliability of health data collection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11322,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 112461"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142483959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Time course of kratom effects via ecological momentary assessment, by product type, dose amount, and assayed alkaloid content 按产品类型、剂量大小和生物碱含量，通过生态瞬间评估了解克瑞托姆效果的时间进程
IF 3.9 2区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY
Drug and alcohol dependence
Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112460
Kirsten E. Smith , Leigh V. Panlilio , Abhisheak Sharma , Christopher R. McCurdy , Jeffrey D. Feldman , Sushobhan Mukhopadhyay , Siva Rama Raju Kanumuri , Michelle A. Kuntz , Katherine Hill , David H. Epstein

Background and aims

Using ecological momentary assessment (EMA), we undertook a natural experiment wherein kratom-product variability was a tool to assess kratom dose-response relationships based on product form and alkaloid level.

Methods

Between July-November 2022, 357 US kratom consumers (56.6 % male, 90.2 % non-Hispanic white) completed 15 days of EMA; 348 participants submitted samples of the products used most often during EMA. These were assayed for ten alkaloids using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Self-reported kratom effects were modeled as a function of kratom amount and alkaloid content.

Results

Participants used over 220 brands. The most-reported product forms were loose powder (55.8 %) and encapsulated powder (26.8 %); extracts were used less (419 uses across 9.48 % of participants). Of the 12,244 use-event entries, 7726 had follow-up data (15–180 minutes after use) on felt effects. Effects were stronger in participants with a higher average amount per use. Within-person dose-response relationships were obscured by highly-consistent within-person dosages. Effects of loose powder decreased over three hours; effects of extracts started higher but decreased more rapidly. Dose-response relationships for specific alkaloids could not be reliably established because total alkaloid content and relative levels of specific alkaloids showed limited variability between products. Higher levels of corynoxine alkaloids were associated with slightly stronger effects, possibly an artifact of modeling data with low alkaloid variability.

Conclusions

Alkaloid content was surprisingly consistent across kratom products, and participants were consistent in the amount they used across events. Firm conclusions about alkaloid-effect relationships for kratom will require experimenter-controlled manipulations of agent and dose.
背景和目的利用生态瞬间评估（EMA），我们进行了一项自然实验，以桔梗产品的变异性为工具，评估基于产品形式和生物碱水平的桔梗剂量-反应关系。方法2022年7月至11月，357名美国桔梗消费者（56.6%为男性，90.2%为非西班牙裔白人）完成了为期15天的生态瞬间评估；348名参与者提交了生态瞬间评估期间最常使用的产品样本。采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法对这些样本中的十种生物碱进行了检测。结果参与者使用了 220 多种品牌的产品。报告最多的产品形式是散装粉末（55.8%）和封装粉末（26.8%）；提取物使用较少（419 次，占参与者的 9.48%）。在 12244 个使用事件条目中，有 7726 个条目提供了关于感觉效果的后续数据（使用后 15-180 分钟）。平均每次使用量较高的参与者感觉更强烈。人与人之间的剂量-反应关系因人与人之间的剂量高度一致而变得模糊。散粉的药效在三小时内减弱；提取物的药效开始时较高，但减弱得更快。由于总生物碱含量和特定生物碱的相对含量在不同产品之间的差异有限，因此无法可靠地确定特定生物碱的剂量-反应关系。较高含量的堇菜碱与稍强的效果相关，这可能是生物碱变异性较低的建模数据的假象。关于桔梗生物碱效应关系的确切结论需要实验者对药剂和剂量进行控制。
{"title":"Time course of kratom effects via ecological momentary assessment, by product type, dose amount, and assayed alkaloid content","authors":"Kirsten E. Smith ,&nbsp;Leigh V. Panlilio ,&nbsp;Abhisheak Sharma ,&nbsp;Christopher R. McCurdy ,&nbsp;Jeffrey D. Feldman ,&nbsp;Sushobhan Mukhopadhyay ,&nbsp;Siva Rama Raju Kanumuri ,&nbsp;Michelle A. Kuntz ,&nbsp;Katherine Hill ,&nbsp;David H. Epstein","doi":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112460","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112460","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aims</h3><div>Using ecological momentary assessment (EMA), we undertook a natural experiment wherein kratom-product variability was a tool to assess kratom dose-response relationships based on product form and alkaloid level.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Between July-November 2022, 357 US kratom consumers (56.6 % male, 90.2 % non-Hispanic white) completed 15 days of EMA; 348 participants submitted samples of the products used most often during EMA. These were assayed for ten alkaloids using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Self-reported kratom effects were modeled as a function of kratom amount and alkaloid content.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Participants used over 220 brands. The most-reported product forms were loose powder (55.8 %) and encapsulated powder (26.8 %); extracts were used less (419 uses across 9.48 % of participants). Of the 12,244 use-event entries, 7726 had follow-up data (15–180<!--> <!-->minutes after use) on felt effects. Effects were stronger in participants with a higher average amount per use. Within-person dose-response relationships were obscured by highly-consistent within-person dosages. Effects of loose powder decreased over three hours; effects of extracts started higher but decreased more rapidly. Dose-response relationships for specific alkaloids could not be reliably established because total alkaloid content and relative levels of specific alkaloids showed limited variability between products. Higher levels of corynoxine alkaloids were associated with slightly stronger effects, possibly an artifact of modeling data with low alkaloid variability.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Alkaloid content was surprisingly consistent across kratom products, and participants were consistent in the amount they used across events. Firm conclusions about alkaloid-effect relationships for kratom will require experimenter-controlled manipulations of agent and dose.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11322,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 112460"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142433868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Decreased prevalence of alcohol use and related sociodemographic factors in an urban district of Shanghai, China: Evidence from three cross-sectional surveys (2010–2021) 中国上海某城区饮酒率下降及相关社会人口因素：来自三次横断面调查（2010-2021 年）的证据。
IF 3.9 2区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY
Drug and alcohol dependence
Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112452
Li Cao , Xiaolin Qian , Liangfeng Wang , Yun Chen , Zhenmei Pu , Deng Niu , Jianhua Shi , Haiyan Gu , Chaowei Fu

Background

Alcohol use contributes considerably to the global impact of disease. However, limited research has been conducted recently to explore the changes in the prevalence of alcohol use, especially in urban Shanghai, China.

Objectives

To estimate the prevalence changes of alcohol use and explore related sociodemographic factors among urban residents of Xuhui district, Shanghai, China.

Methods

Using a multistage probability proportionate-to-size sampling method, three waves of household investigations via a structured questionnaire were conducted in Xuhui district, Shanghai, China, between 2010 and 2021. Data were collected by face-to-face interviews among residents aged 15 or older who responded to the 2010, 2015, and 2021 Health Status and Health Service Utilization Survey. Age and sex standardized prevalence of alcohol use was calculated, and the linear trend was tested using logistic regression models. Multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression models with robust covariance matrix estimators were used to estimate related factors of alcohol use.

Results

A total of 24 552 participants aged 15–109 years were included. The standardized overall prevalence of current regular alcohol use statistically declined from 8.8 % in 2010 to 5.5 % in 2021. This decreasing trend was statistically significant, especially among men aged 30–59 and ≥ 75 years old. However, the prevalence of overall alcohol use, regardless of frequency, increased from 19.6 % in 2015 to 24.0 % in 2021. Multivariate regression analysis showed that men had a significantly higher likelihood of regular alcohol use than women. Also, age was positively related to regular alcohol use, while education level was negatively related to this behavior.

Conclusions

Alcohol use was still common, although a significant decreasing trend in the prevalence of regular alcohol use was observed overall, in this study population. The findings call for strengthened health education and alcohol control in the context of the harmful effects of alcohol use at any level.
背景：饮酒对全球疾病的影响很大。然而，近来对饮酒流行率变化的研究有限，尤其是在中国上海城市：估计中国上海市徐汇区城市居民饮酒率的变化，并探讨相关的社会人口因素：方法：采用多阶段概率比例抽样法，于 2010 年至 2021 年在上海市徐汇区进行了三轮结构化问卷入户调查。数据通过面对面访谈的方式收集，访谈对象为参加过 2010 年、2015 年和 2021 年健康状况与卫生服务利用调查的 15 岁及以上居民。计算了饮酒的年龄和性别标准化流行率，并使用逻辑回归模型检验了线性趋势。采用稳健协方差矩阵估计器的多层次混合效应逻辑回归模型来估计饮酒的相关因素：共纳入 24 552 名 15-109 岁的参与者。据统计，当前经常饮酒的标准化总体流行率从 2010 年的 8.8% 下降到 2021 年的 5.5%。这一下降趋势在统计学上具有显著意义，尤其是在 30-59 岁和≥ 75 岁的男性中。然而，总体饮酒率（无论频率如何）却从 2015 年的 19.6% 上升至 2021 年的 24.0%。多变量回归分析显示，男性经常饮酒的可能性明显高于女性。此外，年龄与经常饮酒呈正相关，而教育水平与这一行为呈负相关：结论：在这项研究的人群中，尽管经常饮酒的流行率总体上呈显著下降趋势，但饮酒仍然很普遍。鉴于饮酒的危害性，研究结果呼吁加强健康教育和酒精控制。
{"title":"Decreased prevalence of alcohol use and related sociodemographic factors in an urban district of Shanghai, China: Evidence from three cross-sectional surveys (2010–2021)","authors":"Li Cao ,&nbsp;Xiaolin Qian ,&nbsp;Liangfeng Wang ,&nbsp;Yun Chen ,&nbsp;Zhenmei Pu ,&nbsp;Deng Niu ,&nbsp;Jianhua Shi ,&nbsp;Haiyan Gu ,&nbsp;Chaowei Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112452","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112452","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Alcohol use contributes considerably to the global impact of disease. However, limited research has been conducted recently to explore the changes in the prevalence of alcohol use, especially in urban Shanghai, China.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To estimate the prevalence changes of alcohol use and explore related sociodemographic factors among urban residents of Xuhui district, Shanghai, China.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using a multistage probability proportionate-to-size sampling method, three waves of household investigations via a structured questionnaire were conducted in Xuhui district, Shanghai, China, between 2010 and 2021. Data were collected by face-to-face interviews among residents aged 15 or older who responded to the 2010, 2015, and 2021 Health Status and Health Service Utilization Survey. Age and sex standardized prevalence of alcohol use was calculated, and the linear trend was tested using logistic regression models. Multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression models with robust covariance matrix estimators were used to estimate related factors of alcohol use.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 24 552 participants aged 15–109 years were included. The standardized overall prevalence of current regular alcohol use statistically declined from 8.8 % in 2010 to 5.5 % in 2021. This decreasing trend was statistically significant, especially among men aged 30–59 and ≥ 75 years old. However, the prevalence of overall alcohol use, regardless of frequency, increased from 19.6 % in 2015 to 24.0 % in 2021. Multivariate regression analysis showed that men had a significantly higher likelihood of regular alcohol use than women. Also, age was positively related to regular alcohol use, while education level was negatively related to this behavior.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Alcohol use was still common, although a significant decreasing trend in the prevalence of regular alcohol use was observed overall, in this study population. The findings call for strengthened health education and alcohol control in the context of the harmful effects of alcohol use at any level.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11322,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 112452"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142483958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
"A way to liberate myself": A qualitative study of perceived benefits and risks of chemsex among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men in Almaty, Kazakhstan "解放自我的一种方式"：哈萨克斯坦阿拉木图男同性恋、双性恋和其他男男性行为者对化学性行为的益处和风险的定性研究
IF 3.9 2区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY
Drug and alcohol dependence
Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112464
Nikolay Lunchenkov , Nadezhda Cherchenko , Kuanysh Altynbekov , Assel Terlikbayeva , Sholpan Primbetova , Denis Gryazev , Elena German , Uluk Batyrgaliev , Janina Isabel Steinert

Background

In Kazakhstan, the HIV epidemic has a significant impact on marginalized groups such as gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM), exacerbated by homophobic attitudes (in society) and (resulting) minority stress. This stress often leads to coping behaviors such as chemsex - the use of synthetic stimulants to enhance sexual experiences. Our study explores the motivations and perceived risks associated with chemsex among GBMSM in Almaty.

Methods

We conducted semi-structured in-depth interviews with 21 chemsex participants self-identified as GBMSM in Almaty, Kazakhstan. Participants were recruited through community-based organizations to ensure a diverse sample in terms of age and ethnicity. Thematic analysis was used to identify key themes related to motivations and risks.

Results

Participants practiced chemsex to seek liberation from societal norms and personal inhibitions, increase sexual pleasure, and escape daily stressors. Chemsex sessions provided intensified sexual experiences, emotional comfort, and social connections, challenging constraints on sexual behavior. Participants recognized significant risks, including mental and physical health issues, social stigma, and violence victimisation. Despite these risks, the desire for the perceived benefits of chemsex, particularly feelings of freedom and happiness, underscored its appeal.

Conclusions

The study reveals a complex dynamic in which chemsex serves as a coping mechanism for minority stress, a source of sexual liberation, and a social connector for GBMSM in Kazakhstan, while also posing significant health risks. These findings emphasize the need for targeted harm reduction strategies, mental health support, and community-building efforts that are responsive to the experiences and needs of GBMSM who engage in chemsex.
背景在哈萨克斯坦，艾滋病疫情对男同性恋、双性恋和其他男男性行为者（GBMSM）等边缘化群体产生了重大影响，（社会上）仇视同性恋的态度和（由此产生的）少数群体压力加剧了这一影响。这种压力通常会导致应对行为，如化学性交--使用合成兴奋剂来增强性体验。我们的研究探讨了阿拉木图的 GBMSM 化学性性行为的动机和感知到的相关风险。方法我们在哈萨克斯坦阿拉木图对 21 名自我认同为 GBMSM 的化学性性行为参与者进行了半结构化深度访谈。我们通过社区组织招募参与者，以确保样本在年龄和种族方面的多样性。结果参与者进行化学性交的目的是从社会规范和个人禁忌中寻求解放，增加性快感，并逃避日常压力。化学性爱过程提供了更强烈的性体验、情感慰藉和社会联系，挑战了对性行为的限制。参与者认识到了巨大的风险，包括身心健康问题、社会耻辱和暴力伤害。尽管存在这些风险，但参与者对化学性性行为所带来的益处的渴望，尤其是自由和幸福感，凸显了其吸引力。结论：本研究揭示了一种复杂的动态变化，即化学性性行为是哈萨克斯坦少数民族压力的一种应对机制、性解放的一种来源、GBMSM的一种社会连接器，同时也带来了重大的健康风险。这些研究结果表明，有必要采取有针对性的减低伤害策略、提供心理健康支持以及开展社区建设工作，以满足从事化学性性交易的女性同性恋、双性恋和变性者的经历和需求。
{"title":"\"A way to liberate myself\": A qualitative study of perceived benefits and risks of chemsex among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men in Almaty, Kazakhstan","authors":"Nikolay Lunchenkov ,&nbsp;Nadezhda Cherchenko ,&nbsp;Kuanysh Altynbekov ,&nbsp;Assel Terlikbayeva ,&nbsp;Sholpan Primbetova ,&nbsp;Denis Gryazev ,&nbsp;Elena German ,&nbsp;Uluk Batyrgaliev ,&nbsp;Janina Isabel Steinert","doi":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112464","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112464","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In Kazakhstan, the HIV epidemic has a significant impact on marginalized groups such as gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM), exacerbated by homophobic attitudes (in society) and (resulting) minority stress. This stress often leads to coping behaviors such as chemsex - the use of synthetic stimulants to enhance sexual experiences. Our study explores the motivations and perceived risks associated with chemsex among GBMSM in Almaty.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted semi-structured in-depth interviews with 21 chemsex participants self-identified as GBMSM in Almaty, Kazakhstan. Participants were recruited through community-based organizations to ensure a diverse sample in terms of age and ethnicity. Thematic analysis was used to identify key themes related to motivations and risks.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Participants practiced chemsex to seek liberation from societal norms and personal inhibitions, increase sexual pleasure, and escape daily stressors. Chemsex sessions provided intensified sexual experiences, emotional comfort, and social connections, challenging constraints on sexual behavior. Participants recognized significant risks, including mental and physical health issues, social stigma, and violence victimisation. Despite these risks, the desire for the perceived benefits of chemsex, particularly feelings of freedom and happiness, underscored its appeal.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The study reveals a complex dynamic in which chemsex serves as a coping mechanism for minority stress, a source of sexual liberation, and a social connector for GBMSM in Kazakhstan, while also posing significant health risks. These findings emphasize the need for targeted harm reduction strategies, mental health support, and community-building efforts that are responsive to the experiences and needs of GBMSM who engage in chemsex.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11322,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 112464"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142441638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Housing instability increases for stimulant-involved overdose deaths after linking surveillance data to electronic health records in Kentucky 在肯塔基州，将监控数据与电子健康记录联系起来后，因服用兴奋剂过量而死亡者的住房不稳定性增加。
IF 3.9 2区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY
Drug and alcohol dependence
Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112455
Daniel R. Harris , Dana Quesinberry , Nicholas Anthony , Jungjun Bae , Anna L. Smith , Chris Delcher

Background

According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, approximately 10.2 % of fatal overdoses in 2022 were among people experiencing homelessness or housing instability. In the United States, the majority of all drug overdoses now involve stimulants.

Methods

We linked stimulant-involved fatal overdose records occurring between 2017 and 2021 from Kentucky’s Drug Overdose Fatality Surveillance System to the electronic health records (EHR) of the state’s largest safety-net hospital network. We used State Unintentional Drug Overdose Reporting System (SUDORS) definitions of homelessness or housing instability to establish baseline estimates before linking decedents to medical records. After linkage, we augmented SUDORS data with structured administrative billing codes, semi-structured address data, and unstructured clinical notes identifying homelessness from the EHR.

Results

There were 313 individuals with stimulant-involved fatal overdoses linked to at least one medical encounter in the EHR (2017–2021). Thirty-three individuals (10.5 %) were identified as having unstable housing according to SUDORS. After linkage, 130 individuals (41.5 %) had evidence of housing instability. For this period, these 313 individuals represent 8.0 % of stimulant-involved overdoses in KY or 38.5 % of stimulant-involved overdoses from residents of the primary and secondary catchment area of our healthcare network.

Conclusions

The single-site increase in observed housing instability in stimulant-involved fatal overdoses suggests that increased data linkage between state medicolegal death investigation system and EHRs would significantly improve the public health surveillance of overdoses.
背景：根据美国疾病控制和预防中心的数据，2022 年约有 10.2% 的致命过量吸毒发生在无家可归或住房不稳定的人群中。在美国，过量吸食毒品大多涉及兴奋剂：我们将肯塔基州药物过量致死监测系统中 2017 年至 2021 年期间发生的涉及兴奋剂的过量致死记录与该州最大的安全网医院网络的电子健康记录 (EHR) 相链接。在将死者与医疗记录链接之前，我们使用了州无意药物过量报告系统 (SUDORS) 的无家可归或住房不稳定定义来建立基线估计值。连接后，我们用结构化的行政账单代码、半结构化的地址数据以及从电子病历中识别无家可归者的非结构化临床记录来扩充 SUDORS 数据：在电子病历（2017-2021 年）中，有 313 人因服用兴奋剂过量而死亡，并与至少一次医疗事件相关联。根据 SUDORS，有 33 人（10.5%）被认定为住房不稳定。连接后，130 人（41.5%）有住房不稳定的证据。在此期间，这 313 人占肯塔基州兴奋剂过量致死人数的 8.0%，或占我们医疗保健网络主要和次要覆盖区居民兴奋剂过量致死人数的 38.5%：在单个地点观察到的涉及兴奋剂的致命过量用药中住房不稳定性的增加表明，加强州法医死亡调查系统与电子病历之间的数据联系将大大改善对过量用药的公共卫生监测。
{"title":"Housing instability increases for stimulant-involved overdose deaths after linking surveillance data to electronic health records in Kentucky","authors":"Daniel R. Harris ,&nbsp;Dana Quesinberry ,&nbsp;Nicholas Anthony ,&nbsp;Jungjun Bae ,&nbsp;Anna L. Smith ,&nbsp;Chris Delcher","doi":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112455","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112455","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, approximately 10.2 % of fatal overdoses in 2022 were among people experiencing homelessness or housing instability. In the United States, the majority of all drug overdoses now involve stimulants.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We linked stimulant-involved fatal overdose records occurring between 2017 and 2021 from Kentucky’s Drug Overdose Fatality Surveillance System to the electronic health records (EHR) of the state’s largest safety-net hospital network. We used State Unintentional Drug Overdose Reporting System (SUDORS) definitions of homelessness or housing instability to establish baseline estimates before linking decedents to medical records. After linkage, we augmented SUDORS data with structured administrative billing codes, semi-structured address data, and unstructured clinical notes identifying homelessness from the EHR.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There were 313 individuals with stimulant-involved fatal overdoses linked to at least one medical encounter in the EHR (2017–2021). Thirty-three individuals (10.5 %) were identified as having unstable housing according to SUDORS. After linkage, 130 individuals (41.5 %) had evidence of housing instability. For this period, these 313 individuals represent 8.0 % of stimulant-involved overdoses in KY or 38.5 % of stimulant-involved overdoses from residents of the primary and secondary catchment area of our healthcare network.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The single-site increase in observed housing instability in stimulant-involved fatal overdoses suggests that increased data linkage between state medicolegal death investigation system and EHRs would significantly improve the public health surveillance of overdoses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11322,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 112455"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142396249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
首页 上一页 下一页 尾页
类型
全部 化学•材料 生命科学 医学 物理 工程技术 环境•农林 材料科学 地球科学 法学 管理学 化学 环境科学与生态学 计算机科学 教育学 经济学 农林科学 人文科学 生物学 数学 物理与天体物理 心理学 综合性期刊 其他 工业工程 理学 历史学 农学 文学 信息工程
数据库
全部 ACS Publications Elsevier ieeexplore Springer The Royal Society of Chemistry Wiley
期刊
Drug and alcohol dependence
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
﹀
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整，为了账户安全，请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号：481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们：info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务，方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1