Drug and alcohol dependence最新文献_第4页

Does making early evening social plans impact alcohol use outcomes over evening hours? 制定晚间社交计划是否会影响晚上的饮酒结果？

IF 3.6 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY

Drug and alcohol dependence

Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.113005

Sharon Lipperman-Kreda , Christina F. Mair , Paul J. Gruenewald , M. Kristina Wharton , Rachel L. Gunn , Lindy K. Howe

Puropse: This study examined associations of evening plans to engage in different social activities with drinking behaviors and negative consequences experienced over weekend evening hours among underage young adults. Methods: Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) data were collected from underage youth (19–20 years) in California in 8 evenings over 4 successive weekends. At 6 pm, participants reported their social (i.e., any social plans tonight) and contextual (i.e., planning to be outside own home tonight) evening plans and whether they planned to drink that evening. They subsequently reported alcohol use and negative consequences within the past two hours at 8 pm, 10 pm, midnight, and the next morning. We used mixed effects logistic and negative binomial models controlling for demographics, history of alcohol use, drinking motives, and weekend day. Analyses were based on data obtained from 230 participants who reported on 1469 evenings. Results: In about 37 % and 46 % of evenings in which participants reported having social plans or plans to be outside own home, they reported no plans to drink alcohol, respectively. Social evening plans were positively associated with subsequent alcohol use (OR=3.312, p < 0.001), the number of drinks consumed (IRR=2.009, p < 0.001), and the number of negative consequences experienced (IRR=1.526, p < 0.05), independent of plans to drink that evening. Having any social evening plans was positively associated with planned (vs. unplanned) drinking (OR=7.080, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Social evening plans may be important determinants of drinking behaviors and negative consequences across evening hours among underage young adults. Results can guide future interventions to reduce heavier drinking and associated harms.

目的：本研究调查了未成年年轻人在周末晚上参加不同社交活动的计划与饮酒行为和负面后果之间的联系。方法：在连续4个周末的8个晚上收集加州未成年青少年（19-20岁）的生态瞬时评价（EMA）数据。在下午6点，参与者报告了他们的社交计划（例如，今晚有什么社交计划）和相关计划（例如，计划今晚离开自己的家），以及他们当晚是否计划喝酒。他们随后报告了在过去两个小时内（晚上8点、10点、午夜和第二天早上）饮酒和负面后果。我们使用混合效应逻辑模型和负二项模型控制人口统计学、酒精使用史、饮酒动机和周末天数。分析基于230名参与者的数据，他们报告了1469个晚上的情况。结果：在37%和46%的参与者报告有社交计划或计划离开自己家的晚上，他们分别报告没有喝酒的计划。社交晚间计划与随后的酒精使用呈正相关（OR=3.312, p）。结论：社交晚间计划可能是未成年年轻人夜间饮酒行为和负面后果的重要决定因素。结果可以指导未来的干预措施，以减少酗酒和相关危害。

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引用次数: 0

The relationship between co-use of tobacco and alcohol and cognitive decline in middle-aged and older Chinese males: A cross-lagged panel network analysis 中国中老年男性烟酒共同使用与认知能力下降的关系：一个交叉滞后的面板网络分析

IF 3.6 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY

Drug and alcohol dependence

Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.113006

Rongqian Li, Yunfei Guo, Yuran Qiu

Background

The co-use of tobacco and alcohol can impair cognitive function, but whether the frequency of this co-use interacts with cognitive decline in middle-aged and elderly Chinese men remains unclear.

Methods

We analyzed three waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) data (2015, 2018, and 2020). The analytic sample included 2044 individuals who co-used tobacco and alcohol, 1339 who smoked only, and 1714 who drank alcohol only. Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) subscale, and smoking and drinking frequencies were calculated separately. Two directed networks were constructed using the cross-lagged panel network (CLPN) model to explore reciprocal relationships between cognitive function and smoking and drinking frequencies, with network centrality metrics identifying key bridging variables.

Results

From 2015–2018, higher smoking frequency was associated with poorer memory, and greater alcohol consumption with worse memory and orientation. From 2018–2020, increased alcohol consumption led to declines in attention/calculation and memory, while higher smoking frequency decreased attention/calculation. Additionally, poorer memory was associated with reduced alcohol consumption. Network indices ranked alcohol consumption as the strongest cross-domain driver, and memory as the most affected cognitive node.

Conclusion

For middle-aged and older Chinese men who co-use tobacco and alcohol, cognitive abilities—especially memory and attention—are significantly impaired. Some cognitive functions, such as memory, are linked to subsequent alcohol use frequency. Combining smoking and alcohol cessation with cognitive support for memory may help alleviate cognitive aging in this high-risk group.

背景：烟酒共同使用可损害认知功能，但这种共同使用的频率是否与中国中老年男性的认知能力下降相互作用尚不清楚。方法：我们分析了三波中国健康与退休纵向研究（CHARLS）数据（2015年、2018年和2020年）。分析样本包括2044名同时使用烟草和酒精的人，1339名只吸烟的人，1714名只喝酒的人。认知功能采用简易精神状态检查量表（MMSE）评估，吸烟和饮酒频率分别计算。使用交叉滞后面板网络（CLPN）模型构建了两个定向网络，以探索认知功能与吸烟和饮酒频率之间的相互关系，网络中心性指标确定了关键的桥接变量。结果：从2015年到2018年，吸烟频率越高，记忆力越差，饮酒越多，记忆力和定向能力越差。从2018年到2020年，酒精消费量的增加导致注意力/计算能力和记忆力下降，而吸烟频率的增加导致注意力/计算能力下降。此外，记忆力较差与饮酒减少有关。网络指数显示，饮酒是跨领域影响最大的因素，而记忆是受影响最大的认知节点。结论：对于同时吸烟和饮酒的中老年中国男性来说，认知能力——尤其是记忆力和注意力——明显受损。一些认知功能，如记忆，与随后的饮酒频率有关。戒烟和戒酒结合对记忆的认知支持可能有助于缓解这一高危人群的认知衰老。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancing data compatibility in an evolving landscape: Medical cannabis and polysubstance use protocols in the PhenX Toolkit 在不断发展的环境中增强数据兼容性：PhenX工具包中的医用大麻和多物质使用协议。

IF 3.6 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY

Drug and alcohol dependence

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.113001

Anne Buu , Johannes Thrul , Amanda Bunting , Tamara Haegerich , Wayne Huggins , Christian Hopfer , Denise Vidot , Cataia Ives , Ryan McNeil , Sarah Zemore , Corrie Vilsaint , Elizabeth Fallon , Christine Hill , Carol Hamilton , John Kelly

Introduction

With increasing legalization of medical cannabis and prevalence of polysubstance use in the United States comes the need for standard psychometrically validated measures to study these substances’ health effects in the population. The PhenX (consensus measures for Phenotypes and eXposures) Toolkit (www.phenxtoolkit.org) is a freely accessible catalog of recommended measurement protocols to promote data compatibility across studies, but this extensive catalog did not include measures in these important areas.

Methods

In 2024, a PhenX Working Group of experts followed a well-established consensus process to identify and recommend measurement protocols suitable for inclusion in studies on medical cannabis and polysubstance use. The broader scientific community was invited to review and provide feedback that was considered in the process of finalizing recommendations.

Results

In 2025, the PhenX Toolkit released 15 new medical cannabis and polysubstance use protocols, which assess medical and other cannabis use—including consumption levels, product types, sources, motives, expectancies, medical card status, provider–patient communication, and biochemical validation—as well as polysubstance use patterns and related overdose risk. These protocols complement existing substance-related content in PhenX Toolkit and facilitate future development of knowledge on health effects of cannabis and polysubstance use and clinical guidance on safety or dosing for medical cannabis.

Conclusion

Researchers are encouraged to adopt these measurement protocols, so results across studies can be better compared and combined to efficiently and reliably evaluate the health effects of medical cannabis and polysubstance use. Measures in these domains will continue to be updated as new knowledge is gained.

导言：随着医用大麻的日益合法化和多物质使用在美国的普遍存在，需要标准的心理测量学验证措施来研究这些物质对人口健康的影响。PhenX（表型和暴露的共识测量）工具包（www.phenxtoolkit.org）是一个免费访问的推荐测量方案目录，以促进研究之间的数据兼容性，但这个广泛的目录不包括这些重要领域的测量。方法：2024年，一个PhenX专家工作组遵循了一个完善的共识过程，以确定和推荐适合纳入医用大麻和多物质使用研究的测量方案。更广泛的科学界被邀请审查并提供反馈，这些反馈在最后确定建议的过程中得到了考虑。结果：2025年，PhenX工具包发布了15个新的医用大麻和多物质使用方案，评估了医用和其他大麻的使用情况，包括消费水平、产品类型、来源、动机、预期、医疗卡状态、提供者-患者沟通和生化验证，以及多物质使用模式和相关的过量风险。这些议定书补充了PhenX工具包中现有的与物质有关的内容，并促进了关于大麻和多物质使用对健康影响的知识的未来发展，以及关于医用大麻安全性或剂量的临床指导。结论：鼓励研究人员采用这些测量方案，以便更好地比较和综合各项研究的结果，以有效和可靠地评估医用大麻和多物质使用对健康的影响。这些领域的措施将随着获得新知识而不断更新。

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引用次数: 0

Gender convergence in young adults’ drinking in Australia 澳大利亚年轻人饮酒的性别趋同。

IF 3.6 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY

Drug and alcohol dependence

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.113000

Emma Vieira , Nicholas Taylor , Amy Pennay , Cassandra Wright , Michael Livingston

Background

Despite recent declines in alcohol consumption for younger generations, risky drinking still peaks in young adulthood (18−29). While men have historically consumed more alcohol than women, there may be changes emerging in gendered patterns of drinking. This study investigated if a ‘gender convergence’ in young adults’ drinking has occurred in Australia, whereby women and men’s drinking rates have become more similar over time.

Methods

Three national Australian survey data sources were used to assess drinking trends from 2001 to 2023 in young adult women and men, aged 18–29. Gender convergence was tested for annual volume, past-year drinking status, and long-term, risky single-occasion, and high risky single-occasion drinking. Analyses included linear and logistic regressions with interactions between gender and year to assess gender differences in trends over time.

Results

Drinking declined for young adults across all measures and surveys between 2001 and 2023. For all surveys, evidence for convergence in annual volume was found from 2013 to 2023. Some evidence for convergence was noted in recent years for past-year drinking (2019–2023) and risky drinking (2021–2022). For all measures, convergence occurred due to men’s drinking decreasing at faster rates than women’s.

Conclusions

This study provides evidence for gender convergences in young adults’ drinking in Australia. Notably, this convergence occurs within the context of a broader drinking decline for both women and men, whereby men’s drinking has decreased at a faster rate. These findings reflect emerging evidence from other high-income countries and suggest that future research understanding the drivers for men’s steeper drinking declines is warranted.

背景：尽管近年来年轻一代的饮酒量有所下降，但危险饮酒仍在青年期（18-29岁）达到顶峰。虽然历史上男性的饮酒量比女性多，但性别饮酒模式可能正在发生变化。这项研究调查了澳大利亚年轻人饮酒是否出现了“性别趋同”，即随着时间的推移，女性和男性的饮酒率变得越来越相似。方法：使用三个澳大利亚国家调查数据来源来评估2001年至2023年18-29岁年轻成年男女的饮酒趋势。对年饮酒量、过去一年饮酒状况、长期、高风险单次饮酒和高风险单次饮酒进行了性别趋同测试。分析包括线性和逻辑回归与性别和年份之间的相互作用，以评估随时间变化趋势的性别差异。结果：从2001年到2023年的所有测量和调查中，年轻人的饮酒量都有所下降。从2013年到2023年，所有调查都发现了年业务量趋同的证据。近年来，在过去一年的饮酒（2019-2023年）和高风险饮酒（2021-2022年）中发现了一些趋同的证据。对于所有的测量，趋同的发生是由于男性饮酒的下降速度比女性快。结论：本研究为澳大利亚年轻人饮酒的性别趋同提供了证据。值得注意的是，这种趋同发生在女性和男性饮酒量普遍下降的背景下，其中男性饮酒量下降的速度更快。这些发现反映了来自其他高收入国家的新证据，并表明未来有必要研究男性饮酒量急剧下降的驱动因素。

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引用次数: 0

Alcohol-seeking associations with resting state functional connectivity of the amygdala 寻找酒精与静息状态杏仁核功能连接的关联。

IF 3.6 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY

Drug and alcohol dependence

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112999

Mario Dzemidzic , McKenzie R. Cox , David Haines , James Hays , Mayande K. Mlungwana , Andrea Avena-Koenigsberger , Marian L. Logrip , Joaquin Goni , Jaroslaw Harezlak , Ann E.K. Kosobud , David A. Kareken , Sean O’Connor , Martin H. Plawecki , Melissa A. Cyders

Background

Prolonged alcohol use is associated with neuroadaptations that may contribute to continued alcohol consumption, even in the presence of adverse consequences. Although well studied in preclinical models, the neural mechanisms of aversion-resistant alcohol-seeking in humans are understudied.

Purpose

The goal of this study was to examine whether altered amygdala resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) is a mechanism for how lifetime drinking history and alcohol use disorder symptoms relate with objectively measured neutral and aversion-resistant alcohol-seeking in the human laboratory.

Methods

A sample of 55 adults (age 21–55, mean=32.18 years, 56.4 % female, 60.0 % White) completed two counterbalanced intravenous alcohol progressive-ratio self-administration sessions (pairing alcohol-seeking with aversive or neutral stimuli) and a resting state fMRI scan. Two bilateral a priori amygdala seed regions were selected.

Results

rsFC strength of the left basolateral amygdala and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex mediated the relationships between both lifetime alcohol use and alcohol use disorder symptom severity with alcohol-seeking in the aversive session. rsFC between the right centromedial amygdala and occipital regions was associated with, but not specific to, alcohol-seeking during the neutral session; this connectivity mediated the association with alcohol use disorder symptom severity, but not the association with lifetime alcohol use.

Conclusions

This study provides evidence linking the basolateral amygdala to human aversion-resistant alcohol-seeking. Identification of brain mechanisms underlying aversion-resistant alcohol-seeking can facilitate translational research and identify physiological mechanisms of alcohol use disorder progression.

背景：长期饮酒与神经适应有关，这可能导致持续饮酒，即使存在不良后果。尽管在临床前模型中得到了很好的研究，但对人类厌恶抵抗酒精寻求的神经机制研究不足。目的：本研究的目的是研究改变的杏仁核静息状态功能连接（rsFC）是否是终身饮酒史和酒精使用障碍症状与人类实验室客观测量的中性和厌恶抵抗性酒精寻求相关的机制。方法：55名成年人（年龄21-55岁，平均32.18岁，56.4%女性，60.0%白人）完成了两次平衡静脉酒精渐进比例自我给药（将酒精寻求与厌恶或中性刺激配对）和静息状态fMRI扫描。选择两个双侧先验杏仁核种子区。结果：左侧基底外侧杏仁核和前扣带回背侧皮质的rsFC强度介导了终生酒精使用和酒精使用障碍症状严重程度与厌恶期酒精寻求的关系。在中性时段，右侧杏仁核中央内侧和枕部区域之间的rsFC与酒精寻求有关，但并非特定于此；这种连通性介导了与酒精使用障碍症状严重程度的关联，但与终生酒精使用无关。结论：本研究提供的证据表明，基底外侧杏仁核与人类抵抗性酒精寻求有关。确定厌恶抵抗性酒精寻求的大脑机制可以促进转化研究，并确定酒精使用障碍进展的生理机制。

{"title":"Alcohol-seeking associations with resting state functional connectivity of the amygdala","authors":"Mario Dzemidzic , McKenzie R. Cox , David Haines , James Hays , Mayande K. Mlungwana , Andrea Avena-Koenigsberger , Marian L. Logrip , Joaquin Goni , Jaroslaw Harezlak , Ann E.K. Kosobud , David A. Kareken , Sean O’Connor , Martin H. Plawecki , Melissa A. Cyders","doi":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112999","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112999","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Prolonged alcohol use is associated with neuroadaptations that may contribute to continued alcohol consumption, even in the presence of adverse consequences. Although well studied in preclinical models, the neural mechanisms of aversion-resistant alcohol-seeking in humans are understudied.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The goal of this study was to examine whether altered amygdala resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) is a mechanism for how lifetime drinking history and alcohol use disorder symptoms relate with objectively measured neutral and aversion-resistant alcohol-seeking in the human laboratory.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A sample of 55 adults (age 21–55, mean=32.18 years, 56.4 % female, 60.0 % White) completed two counterbalanced intravenous alcohol progressive-ratio self-administration sessions (pairing alcohol-seeking with aversive or neutral stimuli) and a resting state fMRI scan. Two bilateral <em>a priori</em> amygdala seed regions were selected.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>rsFC strength of the left basolateral amygdala and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex mediated the relationships between both lifetime alcohol use and alcohol use disorder symptom severity with alcohol-seeking in the aversive session. rsFC between the right centromedial amygdala and occipital regions was associated with, but not specific to, alcohol-seeking during the neutral session; this connectivity mediated the association with alcohol use disorder symptom severity, but not the association with lifetime alcohol use.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study provides evidence linking the basolateral amygdala to human aversion-resistant alcohol-seeking. Identification of brain mechanisms underlying aversion-resistant alcohol-seeking can facilitate translational research and identify physiological mechanisms of alcohol use disorder progression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11322,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence","volume":"278 ","pages":"Article 112999"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145784073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring drug checking services for people who use drugs: Pre-implementation study 探索为吸毒者提供药物检查服务：实施前研究。

IF 3.6 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY

Drug and alcohol dependence

Pub Date : 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112986

Whitney Ludwig , Kaitlyn Jaffe , Steve Alsum , Mary Dwan , Robert Ploutz-Snyder , Clayton Shuman , Chin Hwa (Gina) Dahlem

Background

The growing proportion of adulterants in the street drug supply has increased overdose risk and other negative health outcomes for people who used drugs (PWUD). Though useful, single-item test strips (ie fentanyl), are limited in their ability to identify multiple drugs in one drug sample. Thus, community-based drug checking services (DCS) using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) are being adopted as an overdose prevention strategy. To inform the pre-implementation of Michigan’s first DCS using FTIR, we sought to understand facilitators and barriers to FTIR among potential participants at a local harm reduction agency.

Methods

Potential DCS participants were recruited (n = 25) into three focus groups (n = 8–9) and one individual interview. Semi-structured interview guides informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) were used. Focus groups were audio-recorded, transcribed and rapid thematic qualitative analysis was conducted. Themes were developed to inform DCS implementation within CFIR domains with relevant constructs displayed in summary matrices.

Results

Participants’ main concern was being targeted by police when utilizing FTIR. Additional barriers included concerns about confidentiality, testing wait time, and negative community perceptions. Key facilitators were trusted staff, sharing FTIR information via PWUD social networks, and efforts to increase participant service access with extended hours. Participants felt FTIR would be a valuable resource to support safer drug use, increase autonomy, and help prevent overdose by providing information about drug contents.

Conclusions

DCS can inform PWUD and the public of dangerous analogues in the drug supply, increase autonomy to make informed decisions, and reduce overdose risk.

背景：街头毒品供应中掺假成分的比例不断增加，增加了吸毒过量的风险和对吸毒者（PWUD）的其他负面健康后果。虽然单项试纸（如芬太尼）很有用，但在一种药物样本中识别多种药物的能力有限。因此，使用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）的社区药物检查服务（DCS）正在被采用作为过量预防策略。为了为密歇根州首个使用FTIR的DCS的预实施提供信息，我们试图了解当地一家减少危害机构的潜在参与者中FTIR的促进因素和障碍。方法：招募潜在的DCS参与者（n = 25），分为三个焦点组（n = 8-9）和一个单独访谈。采用了由实施研究综合框架（CFIR）提供的半结构化访谈指南。对焦点小组进行录音、转录，并进行快速专题定性分析。开发主题是为了通知CFIR域中的DCS实现，并在摘要矩阵中显示相关结构。结果：参与者在使用FTIR时主要担心被警察盯上。其他障碍包括对保密性、测试等待时间和社区负面看法的担忧。关键的推动者是值得信赖的工作人员，通过PWUD社交网络分享FTIR信息，并努力通过延长工作时间来增加参与者的服务访问。与会者认为，FTIR将是一种宝贵的资源，可以支持更安全的药物使用，增加自主权，并通过提供有关药物成分的信息来帮助防止过量使用。结论：DCS可以向PWUD和公众通报药品供应中的危险类似物，增加做出知情决策的自主权，降低用药过量风险。

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引用次数: 0

Rethinking acute nicotine self-administration in inhaled tobacco products: A randomized clinical trial with ENDS in young adults 重新思考吸入烟草制品中尼古丁的急性自我给药：一项针对年轻人的随机临床试验。

IF 3.6 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY

Drug and alcohol dependence

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112998

Mario El Hourani, Soha Talih, Rola Salman, Nareg Karaoghlanian, Eliana Hanna, Rachel El Hage, Alan Shihadeh

Background

Puffing behavior is often interpreted through a nicotine titration model, which posits that individuals adjust puffing to achieve the central nervous system effects of nicotine. This model has been invoked frequently to explain the phenomenon of “compensation,” in which people increase puffing intensity when using reduced-nicotine products. However, puffing patterns may also be governed by sensory feedback in the upper airways. This study tests that hypothesis using electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) as a model.

Design

Within-subject, double-blind clinical study using a puff-by-puff switching protocol.

Setting

Clinical Aerosol Technology Lab, American University of Beirut; December 2024.

Interventions

Ten adults who consume both ENDS and cigarettes completed three randomized directed puffing bouts during a single clinical lab visit. In each bout, they alternated puffs between two identical ENDS devices differing by one design factor: (1) power (20 W vs 40 W, 0 mg/ml nicotine); (2) power (20 W vs 40 W, matched nicotine flux); (3) PG:VG ratio (30:70 vs 70:30).

Outcomes

Puff topography and sensory feedback (mouthful, draw effort, throat hit) measured on a puff-by-puff basis.

Results

Puff duration responded immediately and reversibly to changes in sensory feedback. At higher power, participants reported stronger mouthful, easier draw, and took shorter puffs regardless of nicotine content (p < .05). At matched flux, computed nicotine dose was lower at 40 W than 20 W (p < .01). PG:VG effects were also significant.

Conclusions

Puffing behavior appears to be driven by sensory cues, not delayed nicotine effects—highlighting an underused regulatory pathway: targeting product design features that shape perception.

背景：吸烟行为通常通过尼古丁滴定模型来解释，该模型假设个体通过调节吸烟来达到尼古丁对中枢神经系统的影响。这个模型经常被用来解释“补偿”现象，即人们在使用尼古丁含量降低的产品时增加了吸烟的强度。然而，充气模式也可能由上呼吸道的感觉反馈控制。本研究以电子尼古丁传递系统（ENDS）为模型验证了这一假设。设计：受试者内，双盲临床研究，采用逐泡切换方案。单位：贝鲁特美国大学临床气溶胶技术实验室；2024年12月。干预措施：在一次临床实验室访问中，10名既使用ENDS又吸烟的成年人完成了三次随机定向雾化试验。在每一回合中，他们在两个相同的ENDS设备之间交替抽烟，这两个设备的设计因素不同：(1)功率（20瓦vs 40瓦，0毫克/毫升尼古丁）；(2)功率（20W vs 40W，匹配烟碱通量）；PG:VG比率（30:70 vs 70:30）。结果：在每一口的基础上测量呼吸地形和感觉反馈（一口，用力，喉咙撞击）。结果：呼吸持续时间对感觉反馈的变化有立即可逆的反应。在更高的功率下，参与者报告说，不管尼古丁含量如何，他们的一口更强，更容易抽，吸的时间更短(p结论：吸烟行为似乎是由感官线索驱动的，而不是延迟的尼古丁效应——强调了一个未被充分利用的调节途径：针对塑造感知的产品设计特征。

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引用次数: 0

Reciprocal effects between illicit drug use and mental health conditions among healthcare workers in Sweden: A one-year follow-up study 瑞典卫生保健工作者非法药物使用与精神健康状况之间的相互影响：一项为期一年的随访研究。

IF 3.6 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY

Drug and alcohol dependence

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112997

Josefina Peláez Zuberbuhler , Emelie Thern , Siw Tone Innstrand , Marit Christensen , Bodil J. Landstad , Malin Sjöström , Devy L. Elling , Emma Brulin

Background

Research suggests a comorbidity between illicit drug use and mental health conditions. However, it remains unclear whether illicit drug use serves as a risk factor for, or a consequence of, mental health conditions in healthcare workers (HCWs). This study aimed to 1) examine the prevalence of illicit drug use among HCWs in Sweden and 2) investigate the bidirectional relationship between illicit drug use and mental health conditions(i.e., depression and burnout).

Methods

Data from the 2022 and 2023 Longitudinal Occupational Health Survey in Healthcare Sweden (LOHHCS) were used. The data included 3280 HCWs (50.3 % physicians and 49.7 % nurses). Questionnaires assessed illicit drug use frequency, burnout complaints (BAT-12), and depression (SCL-CD6). Cross-lagged panel models (CLPMs) were used to examine the reciprocal relationships over the two studied time-points between illicit drug use and mental health conditions.

Results

The prevalence of illicit drug use in 2022 was 1.3 %, which increased slightly to 1.6 % one and a half years later, in 2023. Using two-wave panel data, results revealed a bidirectional effect between illicit drug use and burnout. However, while depression was associated with subsequent illicit drug use, the reversed association was not observed.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that illicit drug use plays different roles in relation to burnout and depression among healthcare workers. This highlights the importance of integrated treatment strategies and preventive measures that address both illicit drug use and mental health conditions—especially burnout—simultaneously.

背景：研究表明，非法药物使用与精神健康状况之间存在共病。然而，目前尚不清楚非法药物使用是卫生保健工作者精神健康状况的风险因素还是后果。本研究旨在1)检查瑞典卫生保健工作者中非法药物使用的流行程度；2)调查非法药物使用与精神健康状况（即精神健康状况）之间的双向关系。抑郁和倦怠)。方法：使用2022年和2023年瑞典卫生保健纵向职业健康调查（LOHHCS）的数据。数据包括3280名医护人员（50.3%为医生，49.7%为护士）。问卷评估了非法药物使用频率、倦怠投诉（BAT-12）和抑郁（SCL-CD6）。交叉滞后面板模型（clpm）用于检查在两个研究时间点上非法药物使用与精神健康状况之间的相互关系。结果：2022年的非法药物使用率为1.3%，一年半后的2023年略有上升至1.6%。使用双波面板数据，结果揭示了非法药物使用与倦怠之间的双向效应。然而，虽然抑郁症与随后的非法药物使用有关，但没有观察到相反的关联。结论：这些研究结果表明，非法药物使用在医护人员的职业倦怠和抑郁中起着不同的作用。这突出了综合治疗战略和预防措施的重要性，既要处理非法药物使用问题，又要同时处理精神健康状况，特别是精神衰竭问题。

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引用次数: 0

Characteristics of family, friends, and significant others affected by another’s alcohol or other drug use in Australia and correlates of help-seeking 在澳大利亚，受他人酒精或其他药物使用影响的家人、朋友和重要他人的特征以及寻求帮助的相关性

IF 3.6 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY

Drug and alcohol dependence

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112996

Clare M. Rushton, Alison K. Beck, Peter J. Kelly, Philippa Coleman, Briony Larance

Background

Supporting families, friends, and significant others (hereafter ‘families’) affected by a loved one’s (hereafter ‘Person’s’) alcohol and drug (AOD) use can improve family wellbeing. However, little is known about families’ help-seeking patterns. This study aimed to describe characteristics and explore correlates of accessing support among affected families.

Methods

An online cross-sectional survey conducted between September-2023 and August-2024 of N = 1756 English-speaking Australian residents, aged > 18, identifying as affected by a loved one’s AOD use. Data collected included sociodemographics, psychological wellbeing indicators, and help-seeking, analysed using summary statistics and logistic regressions.

Results

Participants (1433/1569; 91.3 % female), were mostly partners (621/1756; 35.4 %). Seventy-one percent (1159/1633) were concerned about their Person’s alcohol use, followed by methamphetamines (n = 210; 12.9 %). Participants reported being concerned about their Person’s AOD use for a median of 9.5 years (SD=10.1). Fifty-four percent (816/1510) of participants (affected families) reported high-very high psychological distress, 22.7 % (345/1521) reported recent suicidal ideation, 14.8 % (192/1299) reported risky alcohol use and 19.7 % (257/1305) recently used illicit drugs. Participants who accessed specialised family-AOD support (419/1228; 34.1 %) were more likely older (65 +; Adj.OR=1.47; 95 %CI[1.03, 2.10]), less likely to reside with their Person (Adj.OR=0.72; 95 %CI[0.55, 0.96]) and to report their own risky drinking (Adj.OR=0.53; 95 %CI[0.35, 0.80]), and more likely to report their Person accessed AOD treatment (Adj.OR=1.85; 95 %CI[1.33, 2.56]).

Conclusions

The results highlight elevated distress, suicidality and substance use among affected families and their delayed access to predominantly non-specialised support. Greater investment in community-health campaigns and specialised services is required to ensure provision of timely and tailored support.

支持受亲人（个人）酒精和药物（AOD）使用影响的家庭、朋友和重要的其他人（以下简称“家庭”）可以改善家庭幸福。然而，人们对家庭的求助模式知之甚少。本研究旨在描述受影响家庭获得支持的特征并探讨相关关系。方法在2023年9月至2024年8月期间，对1756名年龄在18岁、说英语的澳大利亚居民进行了一项在线横断面调查，他们认为自己受到亲人使用AOD的影响。收集的数据包括社会人口统计、心理健康指标和求助情况，并使用汇总统计和逻辑回归进行分析。结果参与者（1433/1569人，女性91.3%）以伴侣为主（621/1756人，35.4%）。71%（1159/1633）的人担心自己的酒精使用，其次是甲基苯丙胺（n = 210; 12.9%）。参与者报告说，他们对自己的AOD使用的担忧中位数为9.5年（SD=10.1）。54%（816/1510）的参与者（受影响家庭）报告高-非常高的心理困扰，22.7%（345/1521）报告最近有自杀意念，14.8%（192/1299）报告危险饮酒，19.7%（257/1305）报告最近使用非法药物。获得专门的家庭AOD支持的参与者（419/1228;34.1%）更可能是老年人（65岁以上；adjj . or =1.47; 95% CI[1.03, 2.10]），更不可能与他们的个人一起生活（adjj . or =0.72; 95% CI[0.55, 0.96]），更不可能报告他们自己的危险饮酒（adjj . or =0.53; 95% CI[0.35, 0.80]），更可能报告他们的个人获得AOD治疗（adjj . or =1.85; 95% CI[1.33, 2.56]）。结论：研究结果表明，受影响家庭的痛苦程度、自杀倾向和药物使用增加，以及他们获得非专业支持的时间延迟。需要加大对社区卫生运动和专门服务的投资，以确保提供及时和有针对性的支持。

{"title":"Characteristics of family, friends, and significant others affected by another’s alcohol or other drug use in Australia and correlates of help-seeking","authors":"Clare M. Rushton, Alison K. Beck, Peter J. Kelly, Philippa Coleman, Briony Larance","doi":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112996","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112996","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Supporting families, friends, and significant others (hereafter ‘families’) affected by a loved one’s (hereafter ‘Person’s’) alcohol and drug (AOD) use can improve family wellbeing. However, little is known about families’ help-seeking patterns. This study aimed to describe characteristics and explore correlates of accessing support among affected families.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An online cross-sectional survey conducted between September-2023 and August-2024 of N = 1756 English-speaking Australian residents, aged <u>></u> 18, identifying as affected by a loved one’s AOD use. Data collected included sociodemographics, psychological wellbeing indicators, and help-seeking, analysed using summary statistics and logistic regressions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Participants (1433/1569; 91.3 % female), were mostly partners (621/1756; 35.4 %). Seventy-one percent (1159/1633) were concerned about their Person’s alcohol use, followed by methamphetamines (n = 210; 12.9 %). Participants reported being concerned about their Person’s AOD use for a median of 9.5 years (SD=10.1). Fifty-four percent (816/1510) of participants (affected families) reported high-very high psychological distress, 22.7 % (345/1521) reported recent suicidal ideation, 14.8 % (192/1299) reported risky alcohol use and 19.7 % (257/1305) recently used illicit drugs. Participants who accessed specialised family-AOD support (419/1228; 34.1 %) were more likely older (65 +; Adj.OR=1.47; 95 %CI[1.03, 2.10]), less likely to reside with their Person (Adj.OR=0.72; 95 %CI[0.55, 0.96]) and to report their own risky drinking (Adj.OR=0.53; 95 %CI[0.35, 0.80]), and more likely to report their Person accessed AOD treatment (Adj.OR=1.85; 95 %CI[1.33, 2.56]).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The results highlight elevated distress, suicidality and substance use among affected families and their delayed access to predominantly non-specialised support. Greater investment in community-health campaigns and specialised services is required to ensure provision of timely and tailored support.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11322,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence","volume":"278 ","pages":"Article 112996"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145748347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Access to medications for opioid use disorder among primary care patients with homeless experience in the Department of Veterans Affairs 在退伍军人事务部无家可归的初级保健患者中获得阿片类药物使用障碍的药物。

IF 3.6 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY

Drug and alcohol dependence

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112995

Audrey L. Jones , Haojia Li , Jacob D. Baylis , Sophia Huebler , Ying Suo , Yue Zhang , Lillian Gelberg , Susan Zickmund , Tom H. Greene , Stefan G. Kertesz , Adam J. Gordon

Background

Primary care settings tailored for persons with experience of homelessness (PEH) could enhance opioid use disorder treatment delivery, but evidence is lacking.

Objective

To examine medication treatment for opioid use disorder (MOUD) among PEH who received homeless-tailored primary care in the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA).

Methods

Receipt of MOUD was assessed from electronic health records among VA primary care patients with experience of homelessness and OUD in 2016–2020. We estimated the proportion who received MOUD over time and applied mixed effect Poisson models with entropy balance weighting to estimate differences in MOUD by primary care type (homeless-tailored vs. mainstream). Secondary analyses examined the consistency of findings across 18 VA service regions.

Findings

The percentage of eligible PEH (n = 45,864) receiving any MOUD rose from 42.1 % to 51.0 % over time. Half (51.3 %) of those initiating MOUD received > 30 days MOUD over one year. In unadjusted models, the proportion receiving MOUD was slightly higher in homeless-tailored primary care, compared to mainstream primary care (48.8 % vs 46.4 %, Unadjusted Incidence Rate Ratio=1.09, 95 % CI=1.03–1.16). After covariate adjustment, there was no statistical difference between groups (Adjusted IRR=0.97, CI=0.92–1.02). This proved broadly consistent across VA service regions.

Conclusions

Concomitant with a national VA initiative to tailor primary care services for PEH, half of diagnosed patients received MOUD. Yet evidence of durable treatment was low, and the homeless-tailored clinics did not outperform mainstream clinics. Efforts to tailor primary care for PEH may require specialized addiction staffing and implementation support to improve MOUD care in these settings.

背景：为无家可归者量身定制的初级保健环境可以加强阿片类药物使用障碍治疗的提供，但缺乏证据。目的：探讨在退伍军人事务部（VA）接受无家可归者量身定制初级保健的PEH中阿片类药物使用障碍（mod）的药物治疗情况。方法：从2016-2020年经历过无家可归和OUD的VA初级保健患者的电子健康记录中评估mod的接收情况。我们估计了随时间推移接受mod的比例，并应用熵平衡加权的混合效应泊松模型来估计初级保健类型（无家可归者定制与主流）mod的差异。二次分析检查了18VA服务区域调查结果的一致性。结果：随着时间的推移，符合条件的PEH （n = 45,864）接受任何mod的百分比从42.1%上升到51.0%。一半（51.3%）的患者在一年内接受了30天的mod治疗。在未调整的模型中，与主流初级保健相比，无家可归者量身定制的初级保健中接受mod的比例略高（48.8% vs 46.4%，未调整的发病率比=1.09,95% CI=1.03-1.16）。协变量校正后，两组间差异无统计学意义（校正IRR=0.97， CI=0.92-1.02）。事实证明，这在各个退伍军人服务地区是普遍一致的。结论：随着国家VA倡议为PEH量身定制初级保健服务，一半确诊患者接受了mod。然而，持久治疗的证据很低，为无家可归者量身定制的诊所也没有超过主流诊所。为PEH量身定制初级保健的努力可能需要专门的成瘾人员配备和实施支持，以改善这些环境中的mod护理。

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引用次数: 0