钛材料具有高比强度和优异的耐腐蚀性能，被广泛应用于航空、航天、石油、化工设备、火力、核电设备等各种工业领域。其中，钛在航空工业中的使用量最大，空客A380的钛材料约占机体重量的9%，最先进的波音B787的钛材料约占机体重量的15%。这是因为，近年来在最新型飞机上广泛使用的碳纤维增强塑料(CFRP)等复合材料与钛的组合，由于线膨胀系数几乎相等，所以在与复合材料的结合部分有剩余。因为具有不施加计负荷，以及不会发生电化学作用引起的接触腐蚀等优点。综上所述，钛具有优异的性质，但另一方面，冶炼工程的巨大能源消耗和难加工性导致的高成本依然是巨大的课题，阻碍了钛材料在大范围内的普及。粉末冶金法(Powder metallurgy)是避免这种高成本的方法之一。粉末冶金法是将金属粉末填充在成型模具内，加压后在熔融温度以下烧结得到制品的方法。本方法的最大特征在于能够以较高的尺寸精度获得接近最终形状的产品，由此可以大幅省略切削加工。有报告称，其成本降低效果在铁系烧结材料中达到20%以上(与铸造材料相比)。因此，在难加工材料钛上应用粉末冶金法在经济性上是非常有效的。另一方面，粉末冶金法的课题是原料粉末的高成本。在前面提到的铁类烧结材料的情况下，虽然由于材料步长和机械加工的省略，最终降低了成本，但原料粉末的成本是铸造原材料的2倍左右。因此，如果能够控制原料粉末的成本，那么粉末冶金法就可以成为具有成本方面巨大优势的制造工艺。因此，本研究与纯钛粉末相比(Received September 9, 2011)
{"title":"水素化チタンの熱分解反応を利用した純チタン粉末材の創製;水素化チタンの熱分解反応を利用した純チタン粉末材の創製;Fabrication of Powder Metallurgy Pure Ti Material by Using Thermal Decomposition of TiH2","authors":"Takanori Mimoto, Nozomi Nakanishi, J. Umeda, K. Kondoh","doi":"10.7791/JHTS.37.326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7791/JHTS.37.326","url":null,"abstract":"チタン材料は高い比強度と優れた耐食性を有する こと から、航空・宇宙、石油・化学プラント、火力・原子力 発電設備といった様々な産業分野で使用されている。なか でも航空機産業におけるチタンの使用量は多く、エアバス A380では機体重量の約 9 %、最新鋭機ボーイング B787で は約 15 %をチタン材料が占めている 。これは、近年の 最新型航空機に多用されている炭素繊維強化プラスチッ ク (CFRP)などの複合材料とチタンの組み合わせにおいて は、線膨張係数がほぼ等しいため、複合材との結合部に余 計な負荷がかからないこと、および電気化学的な作用に起 因した接触腐食が起こらないことなどの利点があるためで ある。以上のように、チタンは優れた性質を有している が、一方で、製錬工程における膨大なエネルギー消費や難 加工性による高コストは依然として大きな課題であり、広 範囲へのチタン材料の普及を妨げている。このような高 コストを回避する手法の一つとして、粉末冶金法 (Powder metallurgy)を挙げることができる。粉末冶金法は金属粉末 を成形型内に充填、加圧した後、溶融温度以下で焼結し て製品を得る方法である。本手法の大きな特徴は、最終形 状に近い製品を高い寸法精度で得られる点にあり、これ によって切削加工を大幅に省略することができる。そのコ ストダウン効果は、鉄系焼結材において 20 %以上(鋳造 材比較)になるとの報告もある 。よって、難加工材であ るチタンに粉末冶金法を適用することは、経済性において 非常に効果的であるといえる。他方、粉末冶金法において 課題となるのは、原料粉末の高コストである。先の鉄系焼 結材のケースでも、材料歩留りの良さと機械加工の省略に よって、最終的にはコストダウンに結びついているものの、 原料粉末のコストは鋳造原材料の約 2倍となっている。こ のことから、原料粉末コストを抑えることができれば、粉 末冶金法はコスト面において大きな利点を有する製造プロ セスになり得る。そこで本研究では、純チタン粉末に比べ (Received September 9, 2011)","PeriodicalId":113412,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Temperature Society","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129861813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"高強度 Mg 合金の摩擦攪拌接合特性","authors":"尚嗣 山本, 金孫 廖, 一博 中田","doi":"10.7791/JHTS.37.197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7791/JHTS.37.197","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":113412,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Temperature Society","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132618690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"原子力発電プラントにおけるニッケル基600合金用溶接金属の応力腐食割れ(SCC)とその防止対策","authors":"聡 西川","doi":"10.7791/JHTS.37.186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7791/JHTS.37.186","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":113412,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Temperature Society","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134501640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mamoru Takahashi, Y. Sasaki, Saitoh Genji, O. Kamiya, T. Ohyoshi
Diamond films have been synthesized by flame combustion using a mixture of commercial acetylene and oxygen gas, but the flame combustion conditions were unstable, owing to the use of commercial acetylene. This is due to the variable purity of commercial acetylene that includes dissolved impurities. Therefore, in this study, high-purity acetylene was used to synthesize diamond films; it was obtained through special dissolution of pure acetylene of stable and high purity. To obtain good quality diamond films and to achieve good adhesion, diamond films were synthesized by stable flame combustion using a mixture of highpurity acetylene and oxygen gas with nitrogen gas added as the diamond promotion agent; nitrogen flow rate was carefully varied in the range of 0.333~0.667 cm/s. According to the results, the optimal nitrogen flow rate was 0.500 cm/s, and good quality diamond films were synthesized. The synthesized crystallites also showed almost uniform size and high density. Moreover, as nitrogen flow rate was further increased or decreased from 0.500 cm/s, the diamond quality of the synthesized films was reduced. The delamination of films synthesized with varying the nitrogen flow rates was prevented at a very high probability. In particular, the delamination of the films synthesized at a nitrogen flow rate of 0.500 cm/s was completely prevented. To investigate the effects of nitrogen addition on the synthesized diamond films and film delamination, the nitrogen density of synthesized films was analyzed. The nitrogen density of the films synthesized with nitrogen addition was higher than that of the films synthesized without nitrogen addition. The nitrogen density of the synthesized films was increased by nitrogen addition. Thus, nitrogen addition to high-purity acetylene affects diamond synthesis. Moreover, the crystallite morphology of synthesized diamond films can be changed by varying the nitrogen flow rate.
{"title":"Effect of Nitrogen Addition on Delamination of Synthesized Diamond Films by Flame Combustion Method Using High-Purity Acetylene","authors":"Mamoru Takahashi, Y. Sasaki, Saitoh Genji, O. Kamiya, T. Ohyoshi","doi":"10.7791/JHTS.37.212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7791/JHTS.37.212","url":null,"abstract":"Diamond films have been synthesized by flame combustion using a mixture of commercial acetylene and oxygen gas, but the flame combustion conditions were unstable, owing to the use of commercial acetylene. This is due to the variable purity of commercial acetylene that includes dissolved impurities. Therefore, in this study, high-purity acetylene was used to synthesize diamond films; it was obtained through special dissolution of pure acetylene of stable and high purity. To obtain good quality diamond films and to achieve good adhesion, diamond films were synthesized by stable flame combustion using a mixture of highpurity acetylene and oxygen gas with nitrogen gas added as the diamond promotion agent; nitrogen flow rate was carefully varied in the range of 0.333~0.667 cm/s. According to the results, the optimal nitrogen flow rate was 0.500 cm/s, and good quality diamond films were synthesized. The synthesized crystallites also showed almost uniform size and high density. Moreover, as nitrogen flow rate was further increased or decreased from 0.500 cm/s, the diamond quality of the synthesized films was reduced. The delamination of films synthesized with varying the nitrogen flow rates was prevented at a very high probability. In particular, the delamination of the films synthesized at a nitrogen flow rate of 0.500 cm/s was completely prevented. To investigate the effects of nitrogen addition on the synthesized diamond films and film delamination, the nitrogen density of synthesized films was analyzed. The nitrogen density of the films synthesized with nitrogen addition was higher than that of the films synthesized without nitrogen addition. The nitrogen density of the synthesized films was increased by nitrogen addition. Thus, nitrogen addition to high-purity acetylene affects diamond synthesis. Moreover, the crystallite morphology of synthesized diamond films can be changed by varying the nitrogen flow rate.","PeriodicalId":113412,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Temperature Society","volume":"202 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121236961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"地域振興のためのバイオマス簡易炭化と炭素貯留野菜COOL VEGE TM","authors":"晃 柴田","doi":"10.7791/JHTS.37.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7791/JHTS.37.37","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":113412,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Temperature Society","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116715601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Microbiofouling on Metallic Surfaces and Various Engineering Problems As a Result","authors":"H. Kanematsu, H. Ikigai, D. Kuroda","doi":"10.7791/JHTS.37.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7791/JHTS.37.17","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":113412,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Temperature Society","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134426700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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