Domestic animal endocrinology最新文献_第5页

Investigating hair cortisol dynamics in German Shepherd Dogs throughout pregnancy, lactation, and weaning phases, and its potential impact on the hair cortisol of offspring 研究德国牧羊犬在妊娠期、哺乳期和断奶期毛发皮质醇的动态变化及其对后代毛发皮质醇的潜在影响

IF 1.9 2区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Domestic animal endocrinology

Pub Date : 2025-02-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2025.106921

Caixia Pan, Shu Xu, Wencai Zhang, Yu Zhao, Mingqiang Song, Jianli Zhao

Pregnancy, lactation, and weaning are crucial physiological stages in the life of bitches, directly affecting the physiological health of bitches and the growth and development of newborn puppies. This study aims to investigate the physiological stress of bitches during pregnancy, lactation, and weaning, as well as the effects of these changes on newborn puppies, by analyzing the variations in hair cortisol concentrations (HCCs) of bitches and their newborn offspring during different stages. This study selected 24 female German Shepherd dogs aged 2-3 years who were pregnant and giving birth for the first time and their 118 surviving newborn offspring as experimental subjects. Hair samples were collected from the right shoulder and neck of the bitches and their offspring at four key time points: the day of mating (T0), the day of delivery (T1/NT1), the first day of weaning (T2/NT2), and the 60th day after weaning (T3/NT3). The HCCs was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to assess their physiological stress. The results showed that the maternal HCCs significantly increased during pregnancy and lactation, reaching a peak during lactation. The HCCs of puppies also significantly increased during the weaning period. Meanwhile, there was a significant but moderate correlation between the cortisol levels in maternal hair and puppies' hair during pregnancy and lactation. In addition, the maternal HCCs during pregnancy and lactation were affected by the litter size, the higher the litter size, the higher the hair cortisol level, while the cortisol levels in the hair of puppies were not affected by the litter size. Bitches may face higher physiological and psychological pressures during reproduction and nurturing offspring, especially when the litter size is large. At the same time, the physiological status of bitches may have a certain impact on puppies. Therefore, care and attention during pregnancy, lactation, and puppy weaning periods should be strengthened to ensure that bitches and puppies receive good feeding management and environmental support, maintain their physiological and psychological health, and further enhance animal welfare.

孕期、哺乳期和断奶期是母狗一生中至关重要的生理阶段，直接影响母狗的生理健康和新生幼犬的生长发育。本研究旨在通过分析母狗及其新生幼犬毛发皮质醇浓度（HCCs）在不同阶段的变化，探讨母狗在妊娠、哺乳和断奶期间的生理应激，以及这些变化对新生幼犬的影响。本研究选取24只2 ~ 3岁首次怀孕分娩的母系德国牧羊犬及其118只幸存的新生后代作为实验对象。在交配日（T0）、分娩日（T1/NT1）、断奶第一天（T2/NT2）和断奶后第60天（T3/NT3） 4个关键时间点采集母狗及其子代右肩颈毛发。采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测hcc，评估其生理应激。结果表明，妊娠期和哺乳期母体hcc明显升高，哺乳期达到高峰。幼犬的HCCs在断奶期间也显著增加。与此同时，母犬毛发中的皮质醇水平与怀孕和哺乳期幼犬毛发之间存在显著但中等的相关性。此外，母犬孕期和哺乳期的HCCs受产仔数的影响，产仔数越多，毛发皮质醇水平越高，而幼犬毛发皮质醇水平不受产仔数的影响。母狗在繁殖和哺育后代的过程中可能面临更高的生理和心理压力，特别是当产仔量较大时。同时，母狗的生理状态可能会对幼犬产生一定的影响。因此，应加强孕期、哺乳期和幼犬断奶期的护理和关注，确保母犬和幼犬得到良好的喂养管理和环境支持，保持其生理和心理健康，进一步提高动物福利。

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引用次数: 0

Increasing cervical penetrability in sheep by long-acting treatments with oxytocin (Carbetocin) and/or prostaglandin E2 (Dinoprostone) 长效催产素和/或前列腺素E2（迪诺前列素）治疗提高绵羊宫颈通透性

IF 1.9 2区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Domestic animal endocrinology

Pub Date : 2025-02-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2025.106920

M. Rodríguez-Piñón , D. Casuriaga , G. García-Barcelo , D. Fila , J. Gil

The aim was to study the effect of long-acting treatments with oxytocin (Carbetocin, Cb) and/or prostaglandin E2 (Dinoprostone, Dp) on cervical penetrability and collagenolysis in synchronized ewes (12 days MAP-eCG). At 42 h post eCG, ewes were treated with Cb (Group Cb, n = 6, 40 μg, i.m., Decomotón, Laboratorios Callier, Uruguay); Dp (Group Dp, n = 10, 10 mg, slow-release intravaginal device, Propess®, Ferring Pharmaceuticals Ltd., West Drayton, UK); combined Cb and Dp treatment (Group Cb+Dp, n = 8) and saline solution i.m. and a placebo intravaginal device (Group C, n = 10). Cervical penetrability increased from 0 h to 42 h post eCG (P < 0.003) in all groups, then decrease in Group C (P < 0.03) from 42 to 68 h post eCG, whereas remained unchanged in Groups Cb and Cb+Dp or increase at 54 h post eCG in Group Dp (P < 0.05). Thus, there was higher cervical penetrability in treated groups than Group C at the expected time of artificial insemination (54 h post eCG). At 54 h post eCG, collagen concentration was lower in Group Cb than in the others groups (P < 0.05), whereas the ratio between the activity of the activated and latent forms of MMP-2 was greater in Groups Cb and Cb+Dp than in Group C (P < 0.05). The increasing cervical penetrability induced by Cb, but not by Dp, could be explained by an increase in MMP-2-dependent collagen degradation. Furthermore, combined treatment with Cb and Dp did not enhance the effects induced by each hormone administered separately.

目的是研究长效治疗催产素（carbeoxytocin, Cb）和/或前列腺素E2 （Dinoprostone, Dp）对同步母羊颈椎通透性和胶原溶解的影响（12天MAP-eCG）。eCG后42 h，母羊给予Cb （Cb组，n = 6, 40 μg, i.m., Decomotón, Laboratorios Callier，乌拉圭）；Dp (Dp组，n = 10, 10 mg，缓释阴道内装置，Propess®，Ferring Pharmaceuticals Ltd, West Drayton， UK)；Cb+Dp联合治疗（Cb+Dp组，n = 8）和生理盐水溶液i.m. +阴道内安慰剂装置（C组，n = 10）。心电图后0 ~ 42 h宫颈通透性增高(P <；0.003)， C组降低(P <；0.03)，而Cb组和Cb+Dp组在eCG后42 ~ 68 h保持不变，Dp组在eCG后54 h升高(P <；0.05)。因此，在预期人工授精时间（心电图后54 h），治疗组的宫颈通透性高于C组。心电图后54 h， Cb组胶原蛋白浓度低于其他各组(P <；0.05)，而Cb组和Cb+Dp组MMP-2活性与潜伏形式的比值大于C组(P <；0.05)。Cb（而非Dp）诱导的宫颈穿透性增加可以通过mmp -2依赖性胶原降解的增加来解释。此外，Cb和Dp联合治疗并没有增强单独给药的效果。

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引用次数: 0

Granulosa cell function in domestic animals: A review on the in vitro effects of FSH, insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 家畜颗粒细胞功能：FSH、胰岛素和胰岛素样生长因子1体外影响的研究进展

IF 1.9 2区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Domestic animal endocrinology

Pub Date : 2025-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2025.106919

Leon J. Spicer , Excel Rio S. Maylem , Luis Fernando Schütz

Ovarian granulosa cells produce a variety of biologically active compounds in addition to steroid hormones that include numerous families of growth factors, cytokines and adipokines. Many of these function as endocrine, paracrine and autocrine hormones to regulate ovarian activity. The goal of this review is to provide an update on the evidence in domestic animals on how FSH, insulin and IGF1 regulate the function of granulosa cells with a focus on ovarian steroidogenesis and cell proliferation with comparisons across six domestic animals: pigs, cattle, horses, water buffalo, goats and sheep. In most species, FSH was not a mitogenic stimulus to granulosa cells whereas insulin and IGF1 were stimulatory to cell proliferation in the species it was evaluated. FSH, insulin and IGF1 were all stimulatory to granulosa cell steroidogenesis in the species it was studied. More research is needed to evaluate the role of insulin in the regulation of cell proliferation and steroidogenesis in water buffalo and goats. The role of IGF1 in regulating granulosa cell function in horses also needs further study. Most granulosa-cell secreted factors have direct effects (either positive or negative) on FSH-, insulin- and IGF1-induced steroid production in ovarian cells, but how they all work together to create a cumulative effect to regulate fertility will require further research.

卵巢颗粒细胞除产生类固醇激素外，还产生多种生物活性化合物，包括许多生长因子、细胞因子和脂肪因子家族。其中许多起内分泌、旁分泌和自分泌激素的作用，调节卵巢活动。本综述的目的是提供关于FSH、胰岛素和IGF1如何调节颗粒细胞功能的最新证据，重点是卵巢甾体生成和细胞增殖，并比较了六种家畜：猪、牛、马、水牛、山羊和绵羊。在大多数物种中，FSH对颗粒细胞没有促有丝分裂作用，而胰岛素和IGF1对被评估物种的细胞增殖有促进作用。FSH、胰岛素和IGF1均能促进颗粒细胞的甾体生成。需要更多的研究来评估胰岛素在调节水牛和山羊细胞增殖和类固醇生成中的作用。IGF1在马颗粒细胞功能调节中的作用也有待进一步研究。大多数颗粒细胞分泌因子对卵巢细胞中FSH、胰岛素和igf1诱导的类固醇产生有直接影响（或正或负），但它们如何共同作用以产生累积效应来调节生育还需要进一步的研究。

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引用次数: 0

Gonadotropins, local factors and a variety of adipokines contribute to regulate swine granulosa cell function 促性腺激素、局部因子和多种脂肪因子参与调节猪颗粒细胞功能。

IF 1.9 2区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Domestic animal endocrinology

Pub Date : 2025-01-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2025.106918

G. Basini, F. Grasselli

This paper reviews the role of endocrine regulators in swine ovarian cell functions, highlighting the intricate hormonal interactions that drive reproductive and metabolic processes. The pig represents a valuable model for human biology due to physiological and anatomical similarities. Understanding the endocrine mechanisms in swine can provide insights about human reproductive health and metabolic disorders. The present review describes some key hormones involved, including gonadotropins, sex steroids, and adipokines, and their impacts on ovarian folliculogenesis and steroidogenesis. Emphasis is placed on the crosstalk between the ovary and adipose tissue, which is critical for maintaining reproductive and metabolic homeostasis.

本文综述了内分泌调节因子在猪卵巢细胞功能中的作用，重点介绍了驱动生殖和代谢过程的复杂激素相互作用。由于生理和解剖上的相似性，猪代表了人类生物学的一个有价值的模型。了解猪的内分泌机制有助于了解人类生殖健康和代谢紊乱。本文综述了促性腺激素、性类固醇和脂肪因子等关键激素对卵巢卵泡形成和类固醇形成的影响。重点放在卵巢和脂肪组织之间的串扰，这是维持生殖和代谢稳态的关键。

引用次数: 0

Utero-placental adaptations in response to intrauterine growth restriction in swine 子宫-胎盘对猪宫内生长限制的适应。

IF 1.9 2区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Domestic animal endocrinology

Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2025.106917

Morgan S. Clemens , Maria F. Tyree , Claire Stenhouse

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a common condition in swine associated with high piglet mortality and morbidity that develops in early gestation. This review article explores differences in uterine and placental tissues associated with IUGR fetuses compared to their normally-grown littermates at different stages of gestation. Specifically, we will review the available knowledge to date describing differences in 1) structure, 2) cellular apoptosis and proliferation, 3) adhesion, and 4) angiogenesis in endometrial and placental tissues associated with IUGR fetuses across gestation. Improved understanding of the mechanisms regulating IUGR is essential for the development of strategies to minimize the impact of IUGR in swine operations, thus improving reproductive efficiency and animal welfare.

宫内生长受限（IUGR）是猪的一种常见疾病，与仔猪的高死亡率和发病率有关，发生在妊娠早期。这篇综述文章探讨了IUGR胎儿在不同妊娠阶段与正常产仔相比子宫和胎盘组织的差异。具体来说，我们将回顾迄今为止可用的知识，描述与IUGR胎儿妊娠相关的子宫内膜和胎盘组织的差异：1)结构，2)细胞凋亡和增殖，3)粘连，以及4)血管生成。提高对IUGR调节机制的理解对于制定策略以最大限度地减少IUGR对猪养殖的影响至关重要，从而提高繁殖效率和动物福利。

引用次数: 0

Fish oil a source of omega-3 fatty acids affects hypothalamus heat resistance genes expressions and fatty acid composition in heat-stressed chicks 鱼油是omega-3脂肪酸的来源，它会影响热应激雏鸡下丘脑耐热基因的表达和脂肪酸组成。

IF 1.9 2区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Domestic animal endocrinology

Pub Date : 2025-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2025.106915

Hatem M. El-Tahan , Chun Ik Lim , Ahmad R. Alhimaidi , Aiman A. Ammari , Sungbo Cho , In Ho Kim , Hossam M. El-Tahan

This study investigated the effects of fish oil (FO) supplementation on the hypothalamus heat resistance gene expressions and fatty acid composition of chicks under acute high-temperature stress, for treating Cholestasis. A total of 48 chicks (Ross 308) at age of 14 days were acclimatized to corn oil or FO (n = 24 for each) by oral gavaging for 10 days, and then subjected to heat stress (35 ± 1 °C, HT) for 3 h or maintained at the normal temperature (26 ± 1 °C, NT) as grouped as NT and FO-NT control and HT and FO-HT (n = 12 for each).. The results showed that FO supplementation had no significant (P > 0.05) effect on feed intake or body weight. The FO-HT group exhibited (P < 0.05) a lower rectal temperature, and plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6), triglyceride and corticosterone levels, in accompany with lower expressions of hypothalamic adenine nucleotide translocators (ANT) and uncoupling protein (UCP) but increased (P < 0.05) plasma superoxide dismutase activity and hypothalamic neuropeptide-Y (NPY) and heat shock protein-70 (HSP-70) expressions.. Additionally, the FO-HT group (P < 0.05) demonstrated a higher unsaturated fatty acid/saturated fatty acid (UFA/SFA) ratio in the breast muscle. These findings suggest that FO supplementation can enhance the heat resistance of broiler chicks under acute heat stress and alter the fatty acid composition of their breast muscle. However, further studies are needed to determine whether desirable fatty acids can cross the blood-brain barrier and their implications for human health.

本试验旨在研究急性高温应激下添加鱼油对蛋鸡下丘脑耐热基因表达和脂肪酸组成的影响。选取48只14日龄的罗斯308雏鸡，分别通过灌胃方式适应玉米油和玉米油（每只24只）10 d，然后进行热应激（35±1℃，高温）3 h或常温（26±1℃，高温），分为玉米油和玉米油-玉米油对照组和玉米油-玉米油组（每只12只）。结果表明，添加鱼油对采食量和体重无显著影响（P < 0.05）。FO-HT组表现出(P

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引用次数: 0

From spermatogenesis to fertilisation: the role of melatonin on ram spermatozoa 从精子形成到受精：褪黑素对雄性精子的作用。

IF 1.9 2区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Domestic animal endocrinology

Pub Date : 2025-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2025.106916

Adriana Casao, Victoria Peña-Delgado, Rosaura Pérez-Pe

This review presents recent findings on the effect of melatonin on ram spermatozoa. This hormone regulates seasonal reproduction in the ovine species through the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, but it also exerts direct effects on spermatogenesis, seminal quality and fertility. In the testis, melatonin stimulates blood flow to this organ, but it also appears to be involved in the differentiation of spermatogonial stem cells and the secretion of testosterone through the MT1 and MT2 receptors. In the epididymis, this hormone modulates sperm maturation and the secretory activity of epidydimal epithelial cells. In addition, the antioxidant activity of melatonin may protect spermatozoa from oxidative damage during their formation in the testis and their maturation in the epididymis. After ejaculation, the melatonin present in seminal plasma may also protect sperm from oxidative damage and premature capacitation and may improve seminal quality. Finally, once the sperm begins its transit through the female genital tract, melatonin may modulate sperm capacitation. Thus, melatonin could have a bimodal activity in ram sperm capacitation, so high concentrations, such as those in seminal plasma, have a decapacitating effect. In contrast, low concentrations, such as those present in the female reproductive tract, may promote it, likely through interaction with MT2 receptors. In addition, melatonin could also be involved in chemotaxis and fertilisation, although further studies are needed to elucidate the specific role of melatonin in these processes. Finally, the effect of latitude and melatonin receptor gene polymorphisms in ram reproduction is also discussed.

本文就褪黑素对公羊精子的影响作一综述。这种激素通过下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴调节羊的季节性繁殖，但它对精子发生、精液质量和生育能力也有直接影响。在睾丸中，褪黑素刺激血液流向这个器官，但它似乎也参与了精原干细胞的分化和通过MT1和MT2受体分泌睾酮。在附睾，这种激素调节精子成熟和附睾上皮细胞的分泌活性。此外，褪黑素的抗氧化活性可能保护精子在睾丸形成和附睾成熟过程中免受氧化损伤。射精后，存在于精浆中的褪黑素也可以保护精子免受氧化损伤和过早获能，并可能改善精液质量。最后，一旦精子开始通过女性生殖道，褪黑激素可能会调节精子的获能。因此，褪黑激素可能在公羊精子获能过程中具有双峰活性，因此高浓度的褪黑激素，如在精浆中的褪黑激素，具有使公羊精子失能的作用。相反，低浓度，如存在于女性生殖道的，可能通过与MT2受体的相互作用来促进它。此外，褪黑激素也可能参与趋化和受精，尽管需要进一步的研究来阐明褪黑激素在这些过程中的具体作用。最后，还讨论了纬度和褪黑激素受体基因多态性对公羊繁殖的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Alterations in serum concentrations of visfatin and betatrophin in dogs with diabetes mellitus 糖尿病犬血清visfatin和betatrophin浓度的变化。

IF 1.9 2区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Domestic animal endocrinology

Pub Date : 2025-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2025.106914

Alexandra Slon, Michal Mazaki-Tovi

Canine diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. Visfatin and betatrophin are adipokines involved in the pathophysiology of insulin resistance and deranged lipid metabolism, and are also altered in obesity. We hypothesized that visfatin and betatrophin serum concentrations are altered in diabetic dogs, irrespective of their body condition. The study included 23 newly-diagnosed DM (NDDM) dogs, 34 insulin-treated DM (ITDM) dogs and 24 healthy dogs. Body condition score was determined and fasted serum samples were collected for measurement of betatrophin, visfatin and insulin serum concentrations. Visfatin concentrations (mean, 95% CI) were lower in overweight NDDM (4.5 ng/mL, 2.5-8.1, P=0.05) and ITDM (2.8 ng/mL 1.8-4.3, P=0.006) than healthy (7.7 ng/mL, 5.0-11.7) dogs, but were not different among lean dogs, and were negatively correlated to betahydroxybutyric acid in ITDM dogs (r=-0.59, P=0.05). Betatrophin concentrations were lower in NDDM (69 pg/mL, 43-112, P<0.001) and ITDM (53 pg/mL, 34-84, P<0.001) than healthy (267 pg/mL, 167-426) dogs. Among NDDM dogs, betatrophin concentrations were higher in those with concurrent liver disease (203 pg/mL, 49-844) than those with no evidence of liver disease (19 pg/mL, 4-90, P=0.007), and were negatively correlated with glucose concentrations (r=-0.44, P=0.04) and creatinine (r=-0.60, P=0.003). Insulin concentrations were not different among NDDM and healthy dogs. Among NDDM dogs, insulin concentrations were negatively correlated to concentrations of betahydroxybutyric acid (r=-0.65, P=0.002) and were lower in dogs with concurrent kidney disease (5.6 mU/L, 2.1-15.3) compared to those with no evidence of kidney disease (20.6 mU/L, 8.0-53.2, P=0.018). In conclusion, DM in dogs is associated with alteration in visfatin and betatrophin concentrations that are not resolved by insulin treatment.

犬糖尿病（DM）与高血糖和高脂血症有关。Visfatin和betatrophin是参与胰岛素抵抗和脂质代谢紊乱病理生理的脂肪因子，在肥胖中也发生改变。我们假设糖尿病狗的visfatin和betatrophin血清浓度发生了改变，而与它们的身体状况无关。该研究包括23只新诊断为糖尿病（NDDM）的狗，34只胰岛素治疗的糖尿病（ITDM）狗和24只健康狗。测定体况评分，采集空腹血清，测定β - atrophin、visfatin和胰岛素的血清浓度。超重NDDM （4.5 ng/mL, 2.5-8.1， P=0.05）和ITDM （2.8 ng/mL, 1.8-4.3， P=0.006）的Visfatin浓度（95% CI）低于健康犬（7.7 ng/mL, 5.0-11.7），而瘦犬之间无差异，且与ITDM犬的β -羟基丁酸呈负相关（r=-0.59， P=0.05）。NDDM中Betatrophin浓度较低(69 pg/mL, 43-112， P

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引用次数: 0

L-thyroxine and 4-pregnane-3,20‑dione preserves pregnancy in bitches with hypothyroidism and hypoluteoidism l -甲状腺素和4-孕酮-3,20 -二酮对甲状腺功能减退和类甲状腺素低下的母狗的妊娠有保护作用

IF 1.9 2区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Domestic animal endocrinology

Pub Date : 2025-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2025.106913

Marcelo Martínez-Barbitta , Silvia Edelweiss Crusco , Beniamino Cenci Goga , Massimo Zerani

Hypoluteoidism is characterized by insufficient secretion of progesterone (P4) by the corpus luteum (CL) during pregnancy, resulting in embryonic resorption and miscarriage. In dogs, hypothyroidism can occur concurrently with hypoluteoidism, therefore, the aim of this study was to propose a combination therapy to treat these two conditions in bitches. The study included 30 bitches that were artificially inseminated and divided into three experimental groups. The control group (G1) included 10 bitches with a history of normal pregnancies, normal thyroid activity and P4 levels. This group received no clinical treatment. Treatment groups included 20 bitches diagnosed with reproductive hypothyroidism and hypoluteoidism: 10 dogs in the G2 group were treated with L-thyroxine (20 μg/kg/day) only and 10 dogs in the G3 group were treated with L-thyroxine and a long-acting synthetic P4 analogue (4-pregnane-3,20-dione, 1.0 mg/kg every 72 h until cesarean section on day 61). In all dogs, pregnancy and embryonic viability was monitored by ultrasound until term. G1 females had normal pregnancies (P4: day 24, 33.33 ± 2.95 ng/mL [106.00 ± 9.38 nmol/L]; day 38, 23.95 ± 1.21 ng/mL [76.16 ± 3.85 nmol/L]; day 50, 10.53 ± 0.82 ng/mL [33.49 ± 2.61 nmol/L]; day 63, 1.11 ± 0.22 ng/mL [3.53 ± 0.70 nmol/L]; p < 0.001). G2 females suffered embryonic death detected between day 31 and day 33 by ultrasound (P4: 4.67 ng/mL ± 0.41 ng/mL, [14.85 ± 1.30 nmol/L]; p < 0.001). In contrast, G3 females had similar plasma P4 levels to G1 dogs, and pregnancy was maintained until the scheduled cesarean section. These data suggest that combination therapy of L-thyroxine and 4-pregnane-3,20-dione maintains pregnancy to term in dogs with concomitant hypothyroidism and hypoluteoidism.

类黄体低下症的特点是妊娠期间黄体分泌黄体酮（P4）不足，导致胚胎吸收和流产。在犬类中，甲状腺功能减退可同时发生类睾酮过低症，因此，本研究的目的是提出一种联合治疗这两种情况的母狗。这项研究包括30只人工授精的母狗，分为三个实验组。对照组（G1）为10只正常妊娠、甲状腺功能、P4水平正常的母狗。本组未接受临床治疗。治疗组为20只诊断为生殖性甲状腺功能减退和类甲状腺素过低症的母狗，G2组10只只给予l -甲状腺素（20 μg/kg/天）治疗，G3组10只给予l -甲状腺素和长效合成P4类似物（4-孕酮-3,20-二酮，1.0 mg/kg / 72 h，直至第61天剖宫产）治疗。在所有的狗中，妊娠和胚胎活力都是通过超声波监测的，直到足月。G1雌性妊娠正常(P4：第24天，33.33±2.95 ng/mL[106.00±9.38 nmol/L]；第38天，23.95±1.21 ng/mL[76.16±3.85 nmol/L]；第50天，10.53±0.82 ng/mL[33.49±2.61 nmol/L]；第63天，1.11±0.22 ng/mL[3.53±0.70 nmol/L]；p & lt;0.001)。超声检测第31 ~ 33天雌性G2胚胎死亡(P4: 4.67 ng/mL±0.41 ng/mL,[14.85±1.30 nmol/L]；p & lt;0.001)。相比之下，G3雌性与G1犬的血浆P4水平相似，妊娠一直维持到预定的剖宫产。这些数据表明，l -甲状腺素和4-孕酮-3,20-二酮联合治疗可使伴有甲状腺功能减退和类甲状腺素低下的犬维持妊娠至足月。

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引用次数: 0

Advances in our understanding of the estrous cycle and applications for improving targeted reproductive management in livestock 家畜发情周期的认识进展及其在提高针对性生殖管理中的应用。

IF 1.9 2区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Domestic animal endocrinology

Pub Date : 2025-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2025.106912

Robert A. Cushman , Shelby L. Rosasco , Kacie L. McCarthy , Alexandria P. Snider , George A. Perry , Clay A. Lents

The scientific discipline of endocrinology has been invaluable to our understanding of the estrous cycle. In the second half of the twentieth century the development of immunoassay technologies provided a rapid and sensitive method to quantify circulating concentrations of reproductive hormones and relate them to stage of the estrous cycle and physiological status of the animal. Ovarian ultrasonography provided the ability to track the growth and regression of ovarian structures within the same animal across the estrous cycle in real time and, in combination with hormonal profiling, accurately identify mechanisms regulating the estrous cycle and early pregnancy. Before this, the best technique had been serial collections with each animal being a single endpoint. The availability of continuous data such as daily hormone concentrations and daily follicular measurements within animals led to the improvement of methods to synchronize estrus in each of the species. Unfortunately, the use of radio-immunoassays has been declining for two decades. While enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays have been developed for many endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine factors, their primary market is human medicine and rodent models of human health, leaving those available for livestock species economically infeasible. Automated sensors such as accelerometers apply the knowledge attained through decades of endocrinology and ultrasonography studies to identify females in estrus and measure parameters of the estrous cycle that are related to fertility. The ability of automated sensors to centralize and assimilate large amounts of behavioral and physiological data from numerous animals will enhance targeted reproductive management in livestock production systems.

内分泌学这门科学学科对我们理解发情周期有着不可估量的价值。20世纪下半叶，免疫测定技术的发展提供了一种快速、灵敏的方法来定量生殖激素的循环浓度，并将其与动物的发情周期阶段和生理状态联系起来。卵巢超声检查提供了在整个发情周期内实时跟踪同一动物卵巢结构生长和退化的能力，并结合激素分析，准确识别调节发情周期和早期妊娠的机制。在此之前，最好的技术是连续收集，每只动物都有一个终点。动物体内每日激素浓度和每日卵泡测量等连续数据的可用性导致了同步每个物种发情方法的改进。不幸的是，近二十年来，放射免疫测定法的使用一直在下降。虽然针对许多内分泌、旁分泌和自分泌因素已开发出酶联免疫吸附测定法，但其主要市场是人类医学和人类健康的啮齿动物模型，因此用于牲畜物种的酶联免疫吸附测定法在经济上不可行。自动传感器，如加速度计，运用数十年的内分泌学和超声研究获得的知识来识别处于发情期的女性，并测量与生育有关的发情周期参数。自动化传感器集中和吸收来自众多动物的大量行为和生理数据的能力将加强牲畜生产系统中有针对性的生殖管理。

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