Domestic animal endocrinology最新文献_第3页

A novel mechanism of kisspeptin regulating ovarian granulosa cell function via down-regulating let-7b to activate ERK/PI3K-Akt pathway in Tan sheep kisspeptin通过下调let-7b激活ERK/PI3K-Akt通路调控Tan羊卵巢颗粒细胞功能的新机制

IF 1.9 2区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Domestic animal endocrinology

Pub Date : 2025-05-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2025.106947

Tianshu Dai , Shihao Wei , Xiaofeng Li , Di Yang , Linsen Gui , Hui Xiang , Yun Ma , Xingang Dan

The aim of this study was to verify the hypothesis that kisspeptin, a peptide encoded by the kiss1 gene, regulates steroidogenesis and cell proliferation in ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) from Tan sheep through modulation of let-7b and ITGB7 (integrin subunit beta 7). First, primary ovarian GCs were transfected with let-7b mimics and inhibitors. Next, HEK293T cells were cultured to validate the targeting relationship between let-7b and ITGB7, followed by the overexpression and knockdown of ITGB7 in GCs. Finally, GCs were treated with the PI3K-AKT/ERK signaling pathway inhibitor and 500 nM kisspeptin after transfection with ITGB7. EdU assays, flow cytometry, quantitative PCR (qPCR) and Western blotting were then used to detect cell proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis as well as related gene and protein expression. The results showed that let-7b significantly inhibited progesterone secretion and cell proliferation while promoting apoptosis in GCs by targeting ITGB7. Notably, overexpression of ITGB7 led to a marked upregulation of p-ERK/ERK, p-PI3K/PI3K, and p-Akt/Akt. Furthermore, co-treatment with kisspeptin and ITGB7 significantly enhanced progesterone secretion and cell proliferation while reducing apoptosis in ovarian GCs. These results provide novel insights into the mechanism by which kisspeptin downregulates let-7b and upregulates ITGB7, thereby promoting steroidogenesis and cell proliferation while inhibiting apoptosis via the ERK/PI3K-Akt signaling pathway in Tan sheep. This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms by which kisspeptin regulates the function of ovarian GCs, and may lay the foundation for the future development of new kisspeptin-mediated reproductive regulation techniques in Tan sheep.

本研究的目的是验证kisspeptin（一种由kiss1基因编码的肽）通过调节let-7b和ITGB7（整合素亚单位β 7）调控Tan羊卵巢颗粒细胞（GCs）的类固醇生成和细胞增殖的假设。首先，用let-7b模拟物和抑制剂转染原代卵巢GCs。接下来，培养HEK293T细胞，验证let-7b与ITGB7的靶向关系，然后在GCs中过表达和敲低ITGB7。最后，ITGB7转染GCs后，用PI3K-AKT/ERK信号通路抑制剂和500 nM kisspeptin处理GCs。采用EdU法、流式细胞术、定量PCR （qPCR）和Western blotting检测细胞增殖、细胞周期、凋亡及相关基因和蛋白的表达。结果显示let-7b通过靶向ITGB7，显著抑制孕酮分泌和细胞增殖，同时促进GCs细胞凋亡。值得注意的是，ITGB7的过表达导致p-ERK/ERK、p-PI3K/PI3K和p-Akt/Akt的显著上调。此外，kisspeptin和ITGB7共同作用可显著增强卵巢GCs的孕酮分泌和细胞增殖，同时减少细胞凋亡。这些结果为揭示kisspeptin下调let-7b和上调ITGB7的机制提供了新的见解，从而通过ERK/PI3K-Akt信号通路促进Tan羊的甾体生成和细胞增殖，同时抑制细胞凋亡。本研究对kisspeptin调控卵巢GCs功能的分子机制有了新的认识，为今后发展kisspeptin介导的谭羊生殖调节新技术奠定了基础。

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引用次数: 0

The effect of an alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist on equine carbohydrate metabolism after intravenous glucose load 甲肾上腺素受体拮抗剂对马静脉葡萄糖负荷后碳水化合物代谢的影响

IF 1.9 2区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Domestic animal endocrinology

Pub Date : 2025-04-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2025.106946

I.A.M. Hallman, M.R. Raekallio, N.P. Karikoski

Vatinoxan is a peripherally acting alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist used in veterinary medicine to attenuate the side effects of alpha2-adrenoceptor agonists. Vatinoxan also increases insulin response and reduces blood glucose (BG) after intravenous glucose in other species. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of vatinoxan on BG and insulin concentration in horses after intravenous glucose. The design was an assessor-blind cross-over study. Nine horses were assigned to intravenous vatinoxan (0.2 mg/kg; VAT) or saline (SAL). Horses were administered an intravenous glucose bolus (150 mg/kg) immediately before each treatment. Blood samples were collected until 300 min. Differences between treatments were evaluated with repeated measures analysis of covariance. Change from baseline was used as a response. p < 0.05 was considered significant. After intravenous glucose, BG and insulin increased in all horses. VAT significantly reduced the increase in BG compared with SAL (p = 0.005). Although insulin increased initially significantly more after VAT at 15 min (median 45.7, min-max 20.7–61.6 µIU/mL) compared with SAL (p = 0.04; 28.3, 17.2–44.5 µIU/mL), there was no significant difference in the overall treatment effect. Peak insulin concentration occurred significantly earlier (p = 0.04) after VAT (median T_max 30, min-max 15–60 min) than SAL (median T_max 60, 15–60 min). In conclusion, vatinoxan induced an earlier insulin peak than saline and reduced BG increase after intravenous glucose load. Vatinoxan could potentially modify insulin secretion from the pancreas during hyperglycaemia, but more research is warranted.

Vatinoxan是一种外周作用的α 2-肾上腺素受体拮抗剂，用于兽药，以减轻α 2-肾上腺素受体激动剂的副作用。在其他物种中，Vatinoxan还能增加胰岛素反应并降低静脉注射葡萄糖后的血糖（BG）。本研究的目的是探讨瓦替诺散对马静脉注射葡萄糖后血糖和胰岛素浓度的影响。设计为评估盲交叉研究。9匹马静脉注射vatinoxan (0.2 mg/kg；VAT)或生理盐水（SAL）。每次治疗前立即给马静脉注射葡萄糖丸（150 mg/kg）。采集血液样本至300分钟。通过重复测量协方差分析评估治疗间的差异。从基线的变化被用作响应。p & lt;0.05被认为是显著的。静脉注射葡萄糖后，所有马的血糖和胰岛素均升高。与SAL相比，VAT显著降低了BG的增加（p = 0.005）。虽然胰岛素在VAT后15 min（中位数45.7,min-max 20.7-61.6µIU/mL）与SAL相比，最初显著增加(p = 0.04；28.3、17.2 ~ 44.5µIU/mL)，总体治疗效果差异无统计学意义。胰岛素浓度峰值在VAT（中位Tmax 30， min-max 15-60 min）后明显早于SAL（中位Tmax 60, 15-60 min）（p = 0.04）。综上所述，vatinoxan比生理盐水更早地诱导胰岛素峰值，并降低静脉葡萄糖负荷后的BG升高。Vatinoxan可能潜在地改变高血糖期间胰腺的胰岛素分泌，但需要更多的研究。

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引用次数: 0

Involvement of cholesterol and ketone bodies in early stages of bovine cystic ovarian disease development 牛囊性卵巢疾病早期发展中胆固醇和酮体的参与

IF 1.9 2区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Domestic animal endocrinology

Pub Date : 2025-04-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2025.106945

FM Rodríguez , ML Cattaneo Moreyra , NC Gareis , GJ Hein , E Angeli , AF Stassi , HH Ortega , NR Salvetti , F Rey

Cystic ovarian disease (COD), characterized by the presence of persistent follicles, is a major cause of subfertility in dairy cows. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of receptors and enzymes involved in ketone body metabolism, cholesterol regulation, and steroidogenesis within ovarian follicular cells at different stages of persistence. The study was conducted in a model of follicular persistence induced by prolonged progesterone administration in dairy cows, and in cows diagnosed with spontaneous COD. The protein levels of key components, including HMG-CoA reductase, mitochondrial HMG-CoA (mHMG-CoA) synthase, SCOT, LDL-R, SRB-1, CYP17A1, CYP19A1, StAR, and 3βHSD, was assessed in follicles through immunohistochemistry. Additionally, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol concentrations in follicular fluid and plasma were measured using a biochemical autoanalyzer, while β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) levels were evaluated with reactive strips. Results showed that protein levels of SRB-1 and LDL-R in granulosa cells was higher in cows in late stages of follicular persistence and COD cows than in the control group (P < 0.05). In contrast, mHMG-CoA synthase, HMG-CoA reductase and SCOT revealed an opposite pattern (P < 0.05). In granulosa cells, CYP19A1 levels were lower in follicles with 5 days of persistence than in control follicles and 3βHSD levels were higher in late stages of persistence than in controls. These alterations evidenced an imbalance in relevant components of lipid metabolism and steroidogenesis. Changes observed in late persistence or cyst would be a consequence of follicular persistence contributing to subfertility in cattle.

囊性卵巢疾病（COD）的特点是存在持续的卵泡，是奶牛生育能力低下的主要原因。本研究旨在评估卵巢卵泡细胞在持续不同阶段参与酮体代谢、胆固醇调节和甾体生成的受体和酶的表达。本研究在奶牛和诊断为自发性COD的奶牛中建立了长时间孕酮诱导的卵泡持久性模型。通过免疫组织化学检测卵泡中HMG-CoA还原酶、线粒体HMG-CoA合成酶、SCOT、LDL-R、SRB-1、CYP17A1、CYP19A1、StAR、3βHSD等关键成分的蛋白水平。此外，用生化自动分析仪测定卵泡液和血浆中的总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度，用反应试纸测定β-羟基丁酸酯（BHB）水平。结果表明，卵泡持续和COD奶牛后期颗粒细胞中SRB-1和LDL-R蛋白水平均高于对照组(P <；0.05)。相比之下，HMG-CoA合成酶、HMG-CoA还原酶和SCOT呈现相反的模式(P <；0.05)。在颗粒细胞中，持续5天的卵泡中CYP19A1水平低于对照卵泡，3βHSD水平在持续晚期高于对照。这些改变证明了脂质代谢和类固醇生成相关成分的不平衡。在后期持续性或囊肿中观察到的变化可能是卵泡持续性导致牛的低生育能力的结果。

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引用次数: 0

Comparison of moderate (7% on dry matter basis) and high (15% on dry matter basis) fiber diets on glycemic control in dogs with spontaneous insulin deficient diabetes mellitus 中纤维（干物质基础7%）和高纤维（干物质基础15%）饲粮对自发性胰岛素缺乏性糖尿病犬血糖控制的比较

IF 1.9 2区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Domestic animal endocrinology

Pub Date : 2025-04-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2025.106944

Jacklyn Gross, Joseph Bartges, Stacy Popovici, Larry Cornelius

The objective of the study was to compare the effects of a moderate fiber (MF, 7 % crude fiber on a dry matter basis, 1.9 g/100 kcal) versus a high fiber (HF, 15 % crude fiber on a dry matter basis, 4.4 g/100 kcal) diet on glycemic control in dogs with spontaneous insulin deficient diabetes mellitus. Eight adult dogs with stable spontaneous insulin deficient diabetes mellitus receiving intermediate-action insulin administered subcutaneously every 12 h completed the study. Dogs were fed MF and HF diets for 12 weeks in a crossover study design. Complete blood counts, serum biochemistry, urinalysis, 24-hour blood glucose curve, mean 24-hour blood glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) percent were evaluated throughout the study as used to compare the MF and HF diets against the individual dogs’ base diet. A significant difference was not observed in HbA1c percent and mean 24-hour blood glucose concentrations in dogs consuming either MF or HF diets. HbA1c percent and mean 24-hour blood glucose were significantly lower in dogs consuming these MF and HF diets compared to their individual base diets. Based on these data it would be recommended to provide a dog with spontaneous insulin deficient diabetes mellitus a diet containing at least 7 % crude fiber on a dry matter basis (1.9 g/100 kcal) in addition to their injectable insulin requirements to improve their glycemic control.

该研究的目的是比较中等纤维（MF，干物质基础上的7%粗纤维，1.9 g/100 kcal）和高纤维（HF，干物质基础上的15%粗纤维，4.4 g/100 kcal）饮食对自发性胰岛素缺乏型糖尿病狗的血糖控制的影响。8只患有稳定自发性胰岛素缺乏性糖尿病的成年犬每12小时皮下注射一次中效胰岛素。在交叉研究设计中，狗被喂食MF和HF饮食12周。在整个研究过程中，对全血细胞计数、血清生化、尿液分析、24小时血糖曲线、平均24小时血糖和糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）百分比进行评估，用于将MF和HF饮食与单个狗的基础饮食进行比较。在食用MF或HF饮食的狗中，HbA1c百分比和平均24小时血糖浓度没有显著差异。与个体基础饮食相比，食用这些MF和HF饮食的狗的HbA1c百分比和平均24小时血糖显著降低。基于这些数据，建议为自发性胰岛素缺乏性糖尿病犬提供至少含有7%干物质粗纤维（1.9 g/100 kcal）的日粮，以改善其血糖控制。

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引用次数: 0

Changes in the expression pattern of genes affecting the growth and development of mammary tissue in pregnant Saanen goats in response to dietary fats 影响妊娠山羊乳腺组织生长发育的基因表达模式对饲粮脂肪的响应

IF 1.9 2区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Domestic animal endocrinology

Pub Date : 2025-04-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2025.106943

Reza Masoudi , Nader Asadzadeh , Hasan Sadeghipanah , Hamid Reza Seyedabadi , Saeed Smaeilkhanian , Mohammad Hossein Banabazi , Alireza Ebadi Tabrizi , Hoda Javaheri Barfourooshi

The period from mid-pregnancy to term is a pivotal phase for the growth and development of the mammary glands. Diets containing unsaturated fat may also influence this process.

This study examined the effects of saturated and unsaturated fat supplements on mammary gland growth in Saanen goats. Forty goats were divided into four groups: C- (negative control, no added fat), C+ (positive control, saturated palm oil), SB (Omega-6, roasted soybean), and FS (Omega-3, extruded flaxseed). Blood parameters, histological data, and the expression of genes related to mammary tissue growth and apoptosis were examined. Our findings showed that the C- group had the highest (p ≤ 0.05) serum insulin and lowest (p ≤ 0.05) serum triglyceride concentrations compared with the other groups. Serum cortisol concentration was lower (p ≤ 0.05) in the C+ group than in the C- and SB groups. Blood glucose concentration was lower (p ≤ 0.05) in the FS group compared to the C- and C+ groups. The total serum cholesterol concentration was lower (p ≤ 0.05) in the C- group than in the C+ and SB groups. The percentage of epithelial cells was higher (p ≤ 0.05) in the FS group, while the percentage of stroma was higher in the C+ group. Additionally, the SB group's alveolar, epithelial, and luminal areas were higher (p ≤ 0.05) than those in the other groups. The expression of the Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5) was the highest for the FS group (p ≤ 0.05). However, the expression of Insulin-like growth factor-I, Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax), B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio did not differ between the groups. In conclusion, providing goats with flaxseed during mid-pregnancy can promote mammary epithelial cell growth and development, prolong the lifespan, delay apoptosis, and sustain milk production.

从怀孕中期到足月是乳腺生长发育的关键阶段。含有不饱和脂肪的饮食也可能影响这一过程。本研究考察了饱和脂肪和不饱和脂肪补充剂对萨宁山羊乳腺生长的影响。将40只山羊分为4组：C-组（阴性对照组，未添加脂肪）、C+组（阳性对照组，饱和棕榈油）、SB组（Omega-6，烤大豆）和FS组（Omega-3，挤压亚麻籽）。检查了血液参数、组织学数据以及与乳腺组织生长和凋亡相关的基因表达。结果表明，C-组血清胰岛素浓度最高（p≤0.05），血清甘油三酯浓度最低（p≤0.05）。C+组血清皮质醇浓度低于C-和SB组（p≤0.05）。FS组血糖浓度低于C-和C+组（p≤0.05）。血清总胆固醇浓度C-组低于C+和SB组（p≤0.05）。FS组上皮细胞百分比较高（p≤0.05），C+组间质细胞百分比较高。此外，SB组肺泡、上皮和管腔面积明显高于其他各组（p≤0.05）。胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白5 （IGFBP-5）的表达以FS组最高（p≤0.05）。然而，胰岛素样生长因子- 1、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-3 （IGFBP-3）、Bcl-2相关X蛋白（Bax）、b细胞淋巴瘤-2 （Bcl-2）、肿瘤坏死因子-α (TNF-α)的表达和Bax/Bcl-2比值在两组间无差异。由此可见，妊娠中期饲喂亚麻籽可促进山羊乳腺上皮细胞生长发育，延长寿命，延缓细胞凋亡，维持产奶量。

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引用次数: 0

Dietary oleuropein supplementation affects lipolysis in broilers 饲粮中添加橄榄苦苷对肉仔鸡脂肪分解有影响

IF 1.9 2区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Domestic animal endocrinology

Pub Date : 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2025.106942

Usman Sulaiman , Reagan Vaughan , Paul Siegel , Dongmin Liu , Elizabeth Gilbert , Mark Cline

Oleuropein, a phenolic compound derived from olives, was investigated for its effects on the adipose tissue physiology of broiler chickens during the initial 10 days post-hatch. We hypothesized that oleuropein could modulate the adipose tissue of the chicken due to its known bioactive properties. Sixty-eight day-of-hatch Cobb-Hubbard broilers were randomly divided into treatment groups receiving different amounts of oleuropein (0, 125, 250, or 500 mg/kg of commercial starter diet). Diets were fed ad-lib and on day 10 post-hatch, blood and adipose tissue samples (abdominal and subcutaneous) were collected from 12 broilers in each group. Plasma was collected to measure non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) concentrations. The mRNA levels of key regulators of adipogenesis and lipolysis were assessed by real-time PCR. At day 10, body weights were lower in the 125 and 250-dose groups. In both adipose tissue depots, lipolytic enzyme adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) mRNA was higher in the 125-dose group compared to other groups. Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) were lower in the 125-dose group relative to other groups. Plasma NEFAs were greater in the 125-dose group than in the other groups. This suggests that oleuropein has pro-lipolytic and anti-adipogenic properties and may provide a means to reduce excessive adipose tissue accumulation in broilers.

橄榄苦苷是一种从橄榄中提取的酚类化合物，研究了其对肉鸡孵化后最初10天脂肪组织生理的影响。我们假设橄榄苦苷可以调节鸡的脂肪组织，由于其已知的生物活性特性。试验选用68只孵化日龄科哈伯德肉鸡，随机分为各组，分别添加0、125、250、500 mg/kg不同剂量的橄榄苦苷。在孵化后第10天，每组12只肉仔鸡采集血液和脂肪组织（腹部和皮下）样本。采集血浆测定非酯化脂肪酸（NEFA）浓度。实时荧光定量PCR检测脂肪生成和脂肪分解关键调控因子的mRNA水平。第10天，125和250剂量组的体重较低。在两个脂肪组织库中，125剂量组的脂溶酶脂肪甘油三酯脂肪酶（ATGL） mRNA均高于其他组。125剂量组二酰基甘油o -酰基转移酶2 （DGAT2）和过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ (PPARγ)较其他组低。125剂量组血浆NEFAs高于其他各组。这表明橄榄苦苷具有促脂肪分解和抗脂肪生成的特性，可能提供一种减少肉仔鸡过度脂肪组织积累的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of selenium and zinc nanoparticles supplementations on testicular blood flow, semen, and reproductive hormones in Egyptian native goats subjected to ambient heat stress 补充硒和锌纳米颗粒对环境热应激下埃及本地山羊睾丸血流量、精液和生殖激素的影响

IF 1.9 2区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Domestic animal endocrinology

Pub Date : 2025-03-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2025.106941

Mohammed S. NasrEldeen , Refaat S.A. Ragab , Amal M. Aboelmaaty , Eltaher M. Saudi

For exploring the protective effects of selenium (SeNPs) and zinc (ZnNP) nanoparticles on testicular blood flow, morphometry, oxidants-antioxidant status, reproductive hormones, and blood biochemicals of goats subjected to heat stress, bucks (n=15) were equally divided into control, ZnNP (50.0 mg/animal), and SeNPs (0.57 mg/animal) groups. Bucks were supplemented daily for seven weeks during summer. The testicular artery diameter, PSV, EDV, TAMV, Mean V, RI, PI, BFV, testicle length, width, height, epididymal length, and width were determined. Blood samples were collected for measuring LH, testosterone and estradiol, zinc, selenium, NO, MDA, SOD, TAC, CAT, total proteins, albumin, AST, and ALT. Results indicated that testicular volume, mediastinum testes, height, epididymal tail length, and width increased (P<0.0001) in animals supplemented with ZnNPs. Testicular (P<0.05) and epididymal tail (P<0.01) width increased during the supplementation. SeNPs and ZnNPs decreased (P<0.0001) the testicular artery diameter and increased PSV (P<0.05), and V Mean (P<0.01). ZnNPs increased TAMV (P<0.05) and BFV (P<0.01). RI (P<0.01), PI (P<0.05), and BFV (P<0.01) decreased after withdrawing supplementation associated with increased (P<0.05) testicular artery diameter. Sperm mass and individual motility, live sperm %, sperm cell concentration, and SPMI Improved (P<0.0001) in ZnNPs and SeNPs groups during and after the supplementation. ZnNPs and SeNPs decreased CAT (P<0.0001) and testosterone with increasing SOD (P<0.05), globulin, and ALT. SeNPs increased (P<0.0001) estradiol and LH. In conclusion, ZnNPs or SeNPs improved the semen parameters during heat stress by modulating testicular blood flow, testicular thermoregulatory mechanism, and antioxidant status, proving nontoxic to the liver and kidneys.

为了探讨硒（SeNPs）和锌（ZnNP）纳米颗粒对热应激山羊睾丸血流、形态、氧化剂-抗氧化状态、生殖激素和血液生化的保护作用，将雄鹿（n=15）平均分为对照组、ZnNP组（50.0 mg/只）和SeNPs组（0.57 mg/只）。在夏季，雄鹿每天被补充7周。测定睾丸动脉直径、PSV、EDV、TAMV、Mean V、RI、PI、BFV、睾丸长、宽、高、附睾长、宽。取血测定LH、睾酮和雌二醇、锌、硒、NO、MDA、SOD、TAC、CAT、总蛋白、白蛋白、AST和ALT。结果表明，添加ZnNPs的动物睾丸体积、纵隔睾丸、高度、附睾尾长和宽度均增加（P<0.0001）。睾丸（P<0.05）和附睾尾部（P<0.01）宽度随添加量的增加而增加。SeNPs和ZnNPs降低睾丸动脉直径（P<0.0001），增加PSV （P<0.05）和V Mean （P<0.01）。ZnNPs提高TAMV （P<0.05）和BFV （P<0.01）。停饲后RI （P<0.01）、PI （P<0.05）和BFV （P<0.01）降低，睾丸动脉直径增加（P<0.05）。在补充ZnNPs和SeNPs组期间和之后，精子质量和个体活力、活精子百分比、精子细胞浓度和SPMI均有所改善（P<0.0001）。ZnNPs和SeNPs降低CAT （P<0.0001）和睾酮，升高SOD （P<0.05）、球蛋白和ALT。SeNPs升高雌二醇和LH （P<0.0001）。综上所述，ZnNPs或SeNPs通过调节睾丸血流量、睾丸热调节机制和抗氧化状态改善热应激时精液参数，证明对肝脏和肾脏无毒。

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引用次数: 0

Current understanding of insulin dysregulation and its relationship with carbohydrate and protein metabolism in horses 目前对马胰岛素失调及其与碳水化合物和蛋白质代谢关系的认识

IF 1.9 2区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Domestic animal endocrinology

Pub Date : 2025-03-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2025.106940

C.M.M. Loos , K.L. Urschel

Insulin dysregulation (ID) is a common metabolic disorder in horses, characterized by hyperinsulinemia and/or peripheral insulin resistance. The critical role of hyperinsulinemia in endocrinopathic laminitis has driven research into the insulinotropic effects of dietary nutrients and the reciprocal impact of ID on nutrient metabolism. The relationship between ID and carbohydrate metabolism has been extensively studied; however, the effects of ID on protein metabolism in horses remain largely unexplored. This review begins with an overview of the importance of insulin in the regulation of muscle protein synthesis and degradation and then examines the current understanding of the interplay between ID and protein and carbohydrate metabolism in horses. Horses with ID exhibit altered resting plasma amino acid concentrations and shifts in postprandial amino acid dynamics. Recent work illustrated that ID horses had higher levels of plasma amino acids following a protein meal and delayed postprandial clearance from the blood compared to non-ID horses. The postprandial muscle synthetic response does not seem to be diminished in ID horses, but alterations in key cellular signaling molecules have been reported. ID horses display a pronounced hyperinsulinemic response following the consumption of feeds providing a range of protein, non-structural carbohydrate, starch and water-soluble carbohydrate intakes. Recent studies have shown that ID horses have an increased postprandial incretin response, contributing to the observed hyperinsulinemia. To minimize the postprandial insulin response, thresholds for carbohydrate consumption have recently been proposed. Similar thresholds should be established for protein to aid in the refinement of nutritional strategies to manage ID horses.

胰岛素失调（ID）是马常见的代谢紊乱，其特征是高胰岛素血症和/或外周胰岛素抵抗。高胰岛素血症在内分泌性板炎中的关键作用促使人们研究膳食营养素的胰岛素促胰岛素作用以及ID对营养代谢的相互影响。ID与碳水化合物代谢之间的关系已被广泛研究；然而，ID对马蛋白质代谢的影响在很大程度上仍未被探索。这篇综述首先概述了胰岛素在调节肌肉蛋白质合成和降解中的重要性，然后检查了目前对马体内蛋白质和碳水化合物代谢与胰岛素之间相互作用的理解。患有ID的马表现出静息时血浆氨基酸浓度的改变和餐后氨基酸动态的变化。最近的研究表明，与非ID马相比，ID马在蛋白质餐后的血浆氨基酸水平更高，餐后血液中的清除时间也更晚。马的餐后肌肉合成反应似乎并没有减少，但已经报道了关键细胞信号分子的改变。ID马在摄入了一系列蛋白质、非结构性碳水化合物、淀粉和水溶性碳水化合物的饲料后，表现出明显的高胰岛素反应。最近的研究表明，ID马餐后肠促胰岛素反应增加，导致观察到的高胰岛素血症。为了尽量减少餐后胰岛素反应，最近提出了碳水化合物消耗的阈值。应该为蛋白质设定类似的阈值，以帮助改进营养策略来管理ID马。

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引用次数: 0

Effectors and predictors of conceptus survival in cattle: What is next? 牛胎存活率的影响因素和预测因素：下一步是什么？

IF 1.9 2区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Domestic animal endocrinology

Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2025.106939

Mario Binelli , Maria Camila Lopez-Duarte , Angela Gonella-Diaza , Felipe A.C.C. Silva , Guilherme Pugliesi , Thiago Martins , Cecilia Constantino Rocha

In cattle, the physiological process of switching from cycling to pregnant is complex. Ultimately, that process relies on endometrial luminal epithelial cells and is based on the paracrine context of the uterine lumen. Cells either release luteolytic pulses of prostaglandin F2 alpha to keep the animal cycling or respond to cues released by the elongated conceptus that block prostaglandin F2 alpha pulses to maintain luteal function and pregnancy. That process, however, is highly regulated and subjected to error that occurs in every 30 to 40 % of attempted bovine pregnancies. This review addresses novel aspects of endometrial cell function, luteal function, intraluminal endometrial-trophoblast communication, heat stress, and artificial intelligence as effectors, predictors, and tools to be explored and employed to reduce pregnancy loss.

对牛来说，从排卵期到怀孕的生理过程是复杂的。最终，这一过程依赖于子宫内膜上皮细胞，并基于子宫腔的旁分泌环境。细胞要么释放前列腺素F2 α的黄体溶解脉冲以保持动物周期，要么响应延长的受孕释放的信号，阻断前列腺素F2 α脉冲以维持黄体功能和妊娠。然而，这一过程受到严格监管，并且每30%至40%的牛妊娠尝试中都会发生错误。本文综述了子宫内膜细胞功能、黄体功能、腔内子宫内膜-滋养细胞通讯、热应激和人工智能作为影响因素、预测因素和工具的新方面，以探索和应用于减少妊娠损失。

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Insights into improving embryo survival in sheep 提高绵羊胚胎存活率的新见解

IF 1.9 2区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Domestic animal endocrinology

Pub Date : 2025-03-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2025.106938

Karen L. Reader , Jennifer L. Juengel

In sheep, embryo loss reduces farm profitability and increases the environmental footprint per kg of sheep meat produced. Additionally, improving embryo survival in assisted reproductive technologies is critical for accelerating genetic gain. However, embryo loss remains hidden, and thus often unrecognized, and our ability to improve embryo survival is limited. To reduce embryo loss, we need to first understand when the loss is occurring during gestation and then delineate the mechanisms that result in failure of the embryo to survive. It is only through using this knowledge that we will be able to improve embryo survival and thereby improve farm profitability and environmental credentials. This review will focus on understanding the role that embryo survival may play in optimizing farm productivity and factors influencing embryo survival in sheep. We present insights gained from both in vivo and in vitro experiments, focusing on the role of steroids and the immune system. We highlight potential new approaches to improving farm productivity within a reduced environmental footprint and key areas of research where additional knowledge may lead to new interventions to improve embryo survival.

在绵羊中，胚胎损失降低了农场的盈利能力，并增加了生产每公斤羊肉的环境足迹。此外，在辅助生殖技术中提高胚胎存活率对于加速遗传增益至关重要。然而，胚胎丢失仍然是隐藏的，因此往往不被发现，我们提高胚胎存活率的能力是有限的。为了减少胚胎丢失，我们首先需要了解胚胎丢失发生在妊娠期的时间，然后描述导致胚胎无法存活的机制。只有通过利用这些知识，我们才能提高胚胎存活率，从而提高农场的盈利能力和环境信誉。本文将重点介绍胚胎存活在优化农场生产力中的作用以及影响绵羊胚胎存活的因素。我们提出了从体内和体外实验中获得的见解，重点关注类固醇和免疫系统的作用。我们强调了在减少环境足迹的情况下提高农业生产力的潜在新方法，以及研究的关键领域，在这些领域中，额外的知识可能导致新的干预措施，以提高胚胎存活率。

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