Pub Date : 2025-06-23DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2025.106959
Andy E Durham
This study aimed to further define and quantify possible cross-reactive peptides when measuring plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) concentration in equids. Equine plasma samples were spiked with known concentrations of exogenous manufactured peptides comprising human ACTH1-39, ACTH18-39 (corticotropin-like intermediate lobe peptide, CLIP) and ACTH7-38 (corticotropin inhibiting peptide, CIP). All samples were assayed in duplicate using Siemens Immulite 2000xpi chemiluminescent assay (CLA) and Tosoh AIA-900 immunoflurorescent assay (IFA). As expected, ACTH1-39 was measured by both assays although higher values were reported using IFA (mean 132 % of actual concentrations) than CLA (mean 104 % of actual concentrations). ACTH18-39 was detected by the CLA but not the IFA (mean 29 % actual concentration) whereas ACTH7-38 was detected by the IFA, but not the CLA (mean 65 % actual concentration). The study further clarifies that these ACTH immunoassays are likely to report higher measured ACTH1-39 concentrations than are actually present in the sample although additional work is needed to elucidate the diagnostic and pathophysiologic implications of these findings.
{"title":"Investigation of peptide cross reactivity in equine plasma using two adrenocorticotropic hormone immunoassays","authors":"Andy E Durham","doi":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2025.106959","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2025.106959","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to further define and quantify possible cross-reactive peptides when measuring plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) concentration in equids. Equine plasma samples were spiked with known concentrations of exogenous manufactured peptides comprising human ACTH<sub>1-39</sub>, ACTH<sub>18-39</sub> (corticotropin-like intermediate lobe peptide, CLIP) and ACTH<sub>7-38</sub> (corticotropin inhibiting peptide, CIP). All samples were assayed in duplicate using Siemens Immulite 2000xpi chemiluminescent assay (CLA) and Tosoh AIA-900 immunoflurorescent assay (IFA). As expected, ACTH<sub>1-39</sub> was measured by both assays although higher values were reported using IFA (mean 132 % of actual concentrations) than CLA (mean 104 % of actual concentrations). ACTH<sub>18-39</sub> was detected by the CLA but not the IFA (mean 29 % actual concentration) whereas ACTH<sub>7-38</sub> was detected by the IFA, but not the CLA (mean 65 % actual concentration). The study further clarifies that these ACTH immunoassays are likely to report higher measured ACTH<sub>1-39</sub> concentrations than are actually present in the sample although additional work is needed to elucidate the diagnostic and pathophysiologic implications of these findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11356,"journal":{"name":"Domestic animal endocrinology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 106959"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144491264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-08DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2025.106958
Y. Inabu , Y. Takakura , Y. Shinohara , M. Sunadome , R. Watanabe , S. Kushibiki , T. Sugino
White light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) are characterized by their high blue light intensity, whereas induction lighting (IL) emits lower levels of blue light. This study investigated the effects of exposure to WLED and IL on milk production and physiological responses in dairy cows. Nine lactating Holstein cows [225 ± 32.5 days in milk, 710 ± 24.6 kg initial body weight (BW), 2.6 ± 1.6 parity] were kept under a 16:8 h light-dark cycle and assigned to two treatments for 3 wk each in a 2 × 2 crossover design: exposure to either WLED (443 nm peak wavelength, 231 lx) or IL (529 nm peak wavelength, 237 lx). During the dark period, light intensity was 0.0 lx. All cows were fed total mixed ration ad libitum. Milk samples were collected weekly, and serial blood sampling was performed on the last day of each treatment. Dry matter intake, BW, milk yield, and milk composition did not differ between treatments. However, plasma non-esterified fatty acids concentration tended to be higher for the WLED than for the IL (P = 0.09). In addition, plasma melatonin and cortisol concentrations were higher (P < 0.01) for the WLED group than for the IL group. These findings suggest that differences in light wavelength between WLED and IL affect melatonin and cortisol secretion and may also impact lipid metabolism, without altering milk production performance.
{"title":"Comparison of milk production and endocrine profiles of dairy cows exposed to either white light-emitting diode or induction lighting","authors":"Y. Inabu , Y. Takakura , Y. Shinohara , M. Sunadome , R. Watanabe , S. Kushibiki , T. Sugino","doi":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2025.106958","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2025.106958","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>White light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) are characterized by their high blue light intensity, whereas induction lighting (IL) emits lower levels of blue light. This study investigated the effects of exposure to WLED and IL on milk production and physiological responses in dairy cows. Nine lactating Holstein cows [225 ± 32.5 days in milk, 710 ± 24.6 kg initial body weight (BW), 2.6 ± 1.6 parity] were kept under a 16:8 h light-dark cycle and assigned to two treatments for 3 wk each in a 2 × 2 crossover design: exposure to either WLED (443 nm peak wavelength, 231 lx) or IL (529 nm peak wavelength, 237 lx). During the dark period, light intensity was 0.0 lx. All cows were fed total mixed ration ad libitum. Milk samples were collected weekly, and serial blood sampling was performed on the last day of each treatment. Dry matter intake, BW, milk yield, and milk composition did not differ between treatments. However, plasma non-esterified fatty acids concentration tended to be higher for the WLED than for the IL (<em>P</em> = 0.09). In addition, plasma melatonin and cortisol concentrations were higher (<em>P</em> < 0.01) for the WLED group than for the IL group. These findings suggest that differences in light wavelength between WLED and IL affect melatonin and cortisol secretion and may also impact lipid metabolism, without altering milk production performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11356,"journal":{"name":"Domestic animal endocrinology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 106958"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144269992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-08DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2025.106957
Alice L. Martins , Luana R. Côrtes , Juliana N.D. Rodrigues , Paulo Sergio C. Rangel , Ana Lucia R. e S. Maia , Felipe Z. Brandão , Luiz Gustavo B. Siqueira , Bruna W. de Freitas , Jeferson F. Fonseca
This study evaluated the effect of hCG administration by different routes on D7 (D0=estrus onset) on serum concentrations of hCG and progesterone (P4). Its role in the induction of accessory corpora lutea (aCL), total luteal area (TLA), and vascular area (VA) was assessed by ultrasonography (US). Forty-four goats had estrus induced with intravaginal sponges (60 mg of MAP, six days) plus 200 IU recombinant eCG and 131.5 μg cloprostenol via intramuscular (i.m.) 24 h before sponge removal. Goats received 300 IU hCG either via intrauterine (hCG-IU, n=8) or i.m. (hCG-IM, n=11) or 1 mL of saline i.m. (control, n=12). Estrus was detected and goats were mated with fertile bucks. On D21, goats from hCG-IU and hCG-IM presented more CLs than control ones (P<0.05). The aCL was not detected in the control and differed (P<0.05) between hCG-IU (25.0 %; 2/8) and hCG-IM (63.6 %; 7/11). TLA increased in hCG-IM between D13 and D17 (P<0.05) and VA was higher (P<0.05) in the hCG-IU on D13. On D7, the hCG concentration was similar among groups (P>0.05), however, it increased (P<0.05) on D7.5 in the hCG-IM and remained higher than hCG-IU and control until D8. The concentration of P4 did not differ (P>0.05) among groups. The pregnancy rate did not differ (P>0.05) between hCG-IM (91.0 %) and control (83.0 %) and both were higher (P<0.05) than hCG-IU (25.0 %). In conclusion, despite a slight improvement in luteal perfusion, intrauterine administration of hCG showed limited benefits on the parameters studied, not promoting significant changes in the reproductive tract environment.
{"title":"Luteal features and serum concentrations of progesterone and hCG in dairy goats submitted to estrus induction followed by intrauterine or intramuscular hCG administration","authors":"Alice L. Martins , Luana R. Côrtes , Juliana N.D. Rodrigues , Paulo Sergio C. Rangel , Ana Lucia R. e S. Maia , Felipe Z. Brandão , Luiz Gustavo B. Siqueira , Bruna W. de Freitas , Jeferson F. Fonseca","doi":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2025.106957","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2025.106957","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluated the effect of hCG administration by different routes on D7 (D0=estrus onset) on serum concentrations of hCG and progesterone (P4). Its role in the induction of accessory corpora lutea (aCL), total luteal area (TLA), and vascular area (VA) was assessed by ultrasonography (US). Forty-four goats had estrus induced with intravaginal sponges (60 mg of MAP, six days) plus 200 IU recombinant eCG and 131.5 μg cloprostenol via intramuscular (i.m.) 24 h before sponge removal. Goats received 300 IU hCG either via intrauterine (hCG-IU, n=8) or i.m. (hCG-IM, n=11) or 1 mL of saline i.m. (control, n=12). Estrus was detected and goats were mated with fertile bucks. On D21, goats from hCG-IU and hCG-IM presented more CLs than control ones (P<0.05). The aCL was not detected in the control and differed (P<0.05) between hCG-IU (25.0 %; 2/8) and hCG-IM (63.6 %; 7/11). TLA increased in hCG-IM between D13 and D17 (P<0.05) and VA was higher (P<0.05) in the hCG-IU on D13. On D7, the hCG concentration was similar among groups (P>0.05), however, it increased (P<0.05) on D7.5 in the hCG-IM and remained higher than hCG-IU and control until D8. The concentration of P4 did not differ (P>0.05) among groups. The pregnancy rate did not differ (P>0.05) between hCG-IM (91.0 %) and control (83.0 %) and both were higher (P<0.05) than hCG-IU (25.0 %). In conclusion, despite a slight improvement in luteal perfusion, intrauterine administration of hCG showed limited benefits on the parameters studied, not promoting significant changes in the reproductive tract environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11356,"journal":{"name":"Domestic animal endocrinology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 106957"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144269991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-07DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2025.106956
N.R. Wiesner , F.K. Zeugswetter , A. Hildebrand , R. Klein , E. Müller
Without thyroid scintigraphy, diagnosing feline hyperthyroidism can be challenging. The primary aims of this study were the quantification of total 3,3′,5′-triiodothyronine (total reverse T3, TrT3) concentrations in hyperthyroid, healthy, and azotemic cats using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and to investigate its potential as a predictive marker for the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism. The hypothesis was that in feline hyperthyroidism rT3, representing the “inactivated” metabolite of T4, increases in relation to T4 and “active” T3. Left over samples of 138 hyperthyroid cats submitted for radioiodine treatment, 73 healthy cats and 83 cats with kidney disease were analyzed. Azotemic cats were included to represent cats with possible non-thyroidal illness syndrome. The healthy group was used to calculate reference limits and to investigate the influence of age and gender. UPLC-MS/MS detected both T3 isomers with high analytic sensitivity. TrT3 measurements correlated positively with total T4 (TT4, rSP = 0.937, P < 0.001), and total T3 concentrations (TT3, rSP = 0.866, P < 0.001). TT4 correlated positively with TT3 (rSP = 0.939, P < 0.001). Hyperthyroid cats had higher TT4, TT3, and TrT3 concentrations as well as TrT3/TT4 ratios compared to the other groups (P < 0.001), whereas the TT3/TrT3-ratios was lower (P < 0.001). TrT3 exceeded TT3 concentrations in 85.5 % of the hyperthyroid cats. The optimum cutoff to identify hyperthyroidism determined by ROC-curve analysis was TrT3 > 0.75 nmol/l (sensitivity 1, specificity 0.968). No effects of gender (P = 0.848) or age (P = 0.691) were observed. In conclusion, rT3 is the second most abundant thyroid hormone in feline hyperthyroidism, can be measured by UPLC-MS/MS with high diagnostic accuracy and its measurement opens new doors to investigate feline iodothyronine metabolism.
没有甲状腺显像，诊断猫甲状腺功能亢进可能是具有挑战性的。本研究的主要目的是使用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（UPLC-MS/MS）定量甲状腺功能亢进猫、健康猫和azotemic猫的总3,3 ',5 ' -三碘甲状腺原氨酸（total reverse T3, TrT3）浓度，并研究其作为甲状腺功能亢进诊断预测标志物的潜力。假设在猫甲状腺机能亢进症中，代表T4“失活”代谢物的rT3相对于T4和“活性”T3增加。对138只接受放射性碘治疗的甲状腺功能亢进猫、73只健康猫和83只患有肾病的猫的剩余样本进行了分析。Azotemic猫被纳入，代表可能患有非甲状腺疾病综合征的猫。采用健康组计算参考值，并探讨年龄和性别的影响。UPLC-MS/MS检测两种T3异构体均具有较高的分析灵敏度。TrT3与总T4呈正相关(TT4, rSP = 0.937, P <；0.001)，总T3浓度(TT3, rSP = 0.866, P <；0.001)。TT4与TT3呈正相关(rSP = 0.939, P <；0.001)。与其他组相比，甲亢猫的TT4、TT3和TrT3浓度以及TrT3/TT4比率更高(P <；0.001)，而TT3/ trt3比值较低(P <；0.001)。85.5%的甲亢猫的TrT3浓度超过TT3。roc曲线分析确定甲状腺功能亢进的最佳临界值为TrT3和gt；0.75 nmol/l（灵敏度1，特异性0.968）。性别（P = 0.848）和年龄（P = 0.691）均无影响。综上所述，rT3是猫甲亢中含量第二丰富的甲状腺激素，可通过ulc -MS/MS检测，诊断准确率高，为研究猫碘甲状腺原氨酸代谢开辟了新的途径。
{"title":"Reverse triiodothyronine concentrations in hyperthyroid, healthy, and azotemic cats determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry","authors":"N.R. Wiesner , F.K. Zeugswetter , A. Hildebrand , R. Klein , E. Müller","doi":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2025.106956","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2025.106956","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Without thyroid scintigraphy, diagnosing feline hyperthyroidism can be challenging. The primary aims of this study were the quantification of total 3,3′,5′-triiodothyronine (total reverse T3, TrT3) concentrations in hyperthyroid, healthy, and azotemic cats using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and to investigate its potential as a predictive marker for the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism. The hypothesis was that in feline hyperthyroidism rT3, representing the “inactivated” metabolite of T4, increases in relation to T4 and “active” T3. Left over samples of 138 hyperthyroid cats submitted for radioiodine treatment, 73 healthy cats and 83 cats with kidney disease were analyzed. Azotemic cats were included to represent cats with possible non-thyroidal illness syndrome. The healthy group was used to calculate reference limits and to investigate the influence of age and gender. UPLC-MS/MS detected both T3 isomers with high analytic sensitivity. TrT3 measurements correlated positively with total T4 (TT4, rSP = 0.937, <em>P</em> < 0.001), and total T3 concentrations (TT3, rSP = 0.866, <em>P</em> < 0.001). TT4 correlated positively with TT3 (rSP = 0.939, <em>P</em> < 0.001). Hyperthyroid cats had higher TT4, TT3, and TrT3 concentrations as well as TrT3/TT4 ratios compared to the other groups (<em>P</em> < 0.001), whereas the TT3/TrT3-ratios was lower (<em>P</em> < 0.001). TrT3 exceeded TT3 concentrations in 85.5 % of the hyperthyroid cats. The optimum cutoff to identify hyperthyroidism determined by ROC-curve analysis was TrT3 > 0.75 nmol/l (sensitivity 1, specificity 0.968). No effects of gender (<em>P</em> = 0.848) or age (<em>P</em> = 0.691) were observed. In conclusion, rT3 is the second most abundant thyroid hormone in feline hyperthyroidism, can be measured by UPLC-MS/MS with high diagnostic accuracy and its measurement opens new doors to investigate feline iodothyronine metabolism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11356,"journal":{"name":"Domestic animal endocrinology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 106956"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144269990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the most common metabolic disease in domestic cats. Unlike humans and dogs, CKD in cats seems to have a highly complex and multifactorial etiology. Despite great effort being poured into research trying to elucidate possible pathways for the pathogenesis of CKD, there is still a lack of understanding regarding its initiating and progression factors. There is also a lack of therapeutic options for these patients, with most treatment plans relying on a low-phosphate diet, dietary protein modification and medical management of complications (e.g. hypertension) as they arise.
In this review, we propose the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis plays a central role in the development, pathophysiology and progression of feline chronic kidney disease. The adrenal glands and the hormones they secrete, in particular, may act as lynchpins in chronic kidney disease, mediating virtually every aspect of the disease: from the establishment of fibrosis and kidney damage to the development of hypertension and a pro-inflammatory status. By compiling the available research regarding the influence of adrenal hormones and the HPA axis, we hope to highlight possible future areas of scientific interest regarding feline CKD as well as possible aspects in which the cat may act as a model for research in human medicine.
{"title":"Bridging the gap—Rethinking the role of the adrenal gland in chronic kidney disease from the feline perspective","authors":"Patricia Lunet Marques , Sara Galac , Luísa Mateus , Rodolfo Oliveira Leal","doi":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2025.106955","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2025.106955","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the most common metabolic disease in domestic cats. Unlike humans and dogs, CKD in cats seems to have a highly complex and multifactorial etiology. Despite great effort being poured into research trying to elucidate possible pathways for the pathogenesis of CKD, there is still a lack of understanding regarding its initiating and progression factors. There is also a lack of therapeutic options for these patients, with most treatment plans relying on a low-phosphate diet, dietary protein modification and medical management of complications (e.g. hypertension) as they arise.</div><div>In this review, we propose the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis plays a central role in the development, pathophysiology and progression of feline chronic kidney disease. The adrenal glands and the hormones they secrete, in particular, may act as lynchpins in chronic kidney disease, mediating virtually every aspect of the disease: from the establishment of fibrosis and kidney damage to the development of hypertension and a pro-inflammatory status. By compiling the available research regarding the influence of adrenal hormones and the HPA axis, we hope to highlight possible future areas of scientific interest regarding feline CKD as well as possible aspects in which the cat may act as a model for research in human medicine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11356,"journal":{"name":"Domestic animal endocrinology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 106955"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144116095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-09DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2025.106947
Tianshu Dai , Shihao Wei , Xiaofeng Li , Di Yang , Linsen Gui , Hui Xiang , Yun Ma , Xingang Dan
The aim of this study was to verify the hypothesis that kisspeptin, a peptide encoded by the kiss1 gene, regulates steroidogenesis and cell proliferation in ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) from Tan sheep through modulation of let-7b and ITGB7 (integrin subunit beta 7). First, primary ovarian GCs were transfected with let-7b mimics and inhibitors. Next, HEK293T cells were cultured to validate the targeting relationship between let-7b and ITGB7, followed by the overexpression and knockdown of ITGB7 in GCs. Finally, GCs were treated with the PI3K-AKT/ERK signaling pathway inhibitor and 500 nM kisspeptin after transfection with ITGB7. EdU assays, flow cytometry, quantitative PCR (qPCR) and Western blotting were then used to detect cell proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis as well as related gene and protein expression. The results showed that let-7b significantly inhibited progesterone secretion and cell proliferation while promoting apoptosis in GCs by targeting ITGB7. Notably, overexpression of ITGB7 led to a marked upregulation of p-ERK/ERK, p-PI3K/PI3K, and p-Akt/Akt. Furthermore, co-treatment with kisspeptin and ITGB7 significantly enhanced progesterone secretion and cell proliferation while reducing apoptosis in ovarian GCs. These results provide novel insights into the mechanism by which kisspeptin downregulates let-7b and upregulates ITGB7, thereby promoting steroidogenesis and cell proliferation while inhibiting apoptosis via the ERK/PI3K-Akt signaling pathway in Tan sheep. This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms by which kisspeptin regulates the function of ovarian GCs, and may lay the foundation for the future development of new kisspeptin-mediated reproductive regulation techniques in Tan sheep.
{"title":"A novel mechanism of kisspeptin regulating ovarian granulosa cell function via down-regulating let-7b to activate ERK/PI3K-Akt pathway in Tan sheep","authors":"Tianshu Dai , Shihao Wei , Xiaofeng Li , Di Yang , Linsen Gui , Hui Xiang , Yun Ma , Xingang Dan","doi":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2025.106947","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2025.106947","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of this study was to verify the hypothesis that kisspeptin, a peptide encoded by the <em>kiss</em>1 gene, regulates steroidogenesis and cell proliferation in ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) from Tan sheep through modulation of let-7b and <em>ITGB7</em> (integrin subunit beta 7). First, primary ovarian GCs were transfected with let-7b mimics and inhibitors. Next, HEK293T cells were cultured to validate the targeting relationship between let-7b and <em>ITGB7</em>, followed by the overexpression and knockdown of <em>ITGB7</em> in GCs. Finally, GCs were treated with the PI3K-AKT/ERK signaling pathway inhibitor and 500 nM kisspeptin after transfection with <em>ITGB7</em>. EdU assays, flow cytometry, quantitative PCR (qPCR) and Western blotting were then used to detect cell proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis as well as related gene and protein expression. The results showed that let-7b significantly inhibited progesterone secretion and cell proliferation while promoting apoptosis in GCs by targeting <em>ITGB7</em>. Notably, overexpression of <em>ITGB</em>7 led to a marked upregulation of p-ERK/ERK, p-PI3K/PI3K, and p-Akt/Akt. Furthermore, co-treatment with kisspeptin and <em>ITGB</em>7 significantly enhanced progesterone secretion and cell proliferation while reducing apoptosis in ovarian GCs. These results provide novel insights into the mechanism by which kisspeptin downregulates let-7b and upregulates <em>ITGB7</em>, thereby promoting steroidogenesis and cell proliferation while inhibiting apoptosis via the ERK/PI3K-Akt signaling pathway in Tan sheep. This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms by which kisspeptin regulates the function of ovarian GCs, and may lay the foundation for the future development of new kisspeptin-mediated reproductive regulation techniques in Tan sheep.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11356,"journal":{"name":"Domestic animal endocrinology","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 106947"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143932121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-26DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2025.106946
I.A.M. Hallman, M.R. Raekallio, N.P. Karikoski
Vatinoxan is a peripherally acting alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist used in veterinary medicine to attenuate the side effects of alpha2-adrenoceptor agonists. Vatinoxan also increases insulin response and reduces blood glucose (BG) after intravenous glucose in other species. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of vatinoxan on BG and insulin concentration in horses after intravenous glucose. The design was an assessor-blind cross-over study. Nine horses were assigned to intravenous vatinoxan (0.2 mg/kg; VAT) or saline (SAL). Horses were administered an intravenous glucose bolus (150 mg/kg) immediately before each treatment. Blood samples were collected until 300 min. Differences between treatments were evaluated with repeated measures analysis of covariance. Change from baseline was used as a response. p < 0.05 was considered significant. After intravenous glucose, BG and insulin increased in all horses. VAT significantly reduced the increase in BG compared with SAL (p = 0.005). Although insulin increased initially significantly more after VAT at 15 min (median 45.7, min-max 20.7–61.6 µIU/mL) compared with SAL (p = 0.04; 28.3, 17.2–44.5 µIU/mL), there was no significant difference in the overall treatment effect. Peak insulin concentration occurred significantly earlier (p = 0.04) after VAT (median Tmax 30, min-max 15–60 min) than SAL (median Tmax 60, 15–60 min). In conclusion, vatinoxan induced an earlier insulin peak than saline and reduced BG increase after intravenous glucose load. Vatinoxan could potentially modify insulin secretion from the pancreas during hyperglycaemia, but more research is warranted.
{"title":"The effect of an alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist on equine carbohydrate metabolism after intravenous glucose load","authors":"I.A.M. Hallman, M.R. Raekallio, N.P. Karikoski","doi":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2025.106946","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2025.106946","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vatinoxan is a peripherally acting alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist used in veterinary medicine to attenuate the side effects of alpha2-adrenoceptor agonists. Vatinoxan also increases insulin response and reduces blood glucose (BG) after intravenous glucose in other species. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of vatinoxan on BG and insulin concentration in horses after intravenous glucose. The design was an assessor-blind cross-over study. Nine horses were assigned to intravenous vatinoxan (0.2 mg/kg; VAT) or saline (SAL). Horses were administered an intravenous glucose bolus (150 mg/kg) immediately before each treatment. Blood samples were collected until 300 min. Differences between treatments were evaluated with repeated measures analysis of covariance. Change from baseline was used as a response. <em>p</em> < 0.05 was considered significant. After intravenous glucose, BG and insulin increased in all horses. VAT significantly reduced the increase in BG compared with SAL (<em>p</em> = 0.005). Although insulin increased initially significantly more after VAT at 15 min (median 45.7, min-max 20.7–61.6 µIU/mL) compared with SAL (<em>p</em> = 0.04; 28.3, 17.2–44.5 µIU/mL), there was no significant difference in the overall treatment effect. Peak insulin concentration occurred significantly earlier (<em>p</em> = 0.04) after VAT (median T<sub>max</sub> 30, min-max 15–60 min) than SAL (median T<sub>max</sub> 60, 15–60 min). In conclusion, vatinoxan induced an earlier insulin peak than saline and reduced BG increase after intravenous glucose load. Vatinoxan could potentially modify insulin secretion from the pancreas during hyperglycaemia, but more research is warranted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11356,"journal":{"name":"Domestic animal endocrinology","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 106946"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143886447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-21DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2025.106945
FM Rodríguez , ML Cattaneo Moreyra , NC Gareis , GJ Hein , E Angeli , AF Stassi , HH Ortega , NR Salvetti , F Rey
Cystic ovarian disease (COD), characterized by the presence of persistent follicles, is a major cause of subfertility in dairy cows. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of receptors and enzymes involved in ketone body metabolism, cholesterol regulation, and steroidogenesis within ovarian follicular cells at different stages of persistence. The study was conducted in a model of follicular persistence induced by prolonged progesterone administration in dairy cows, and in cows diagnosed with spontaneous COD. The protein levels of key components, including HMG-CoA reductase, mitochondrial HMG-CoA (mHMG-CoA) synthase, SCOT, LDL-R, SRB-1, CYP17A1, CYP19A1, StAR, and 3βHSD, was assessed in follicles through immunohistochemistry. Additionally, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol concentrations in follicular fluid and plasma were measured using a biochemical autoanalyzer, while β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) levels were evaluated with reactive strips. Results showed that protein levels of SRB-1 and LDL-R in granulosa cells was higher in cows in late stages of follicular persistence and COD cows than in the control group (P < 0.05). In contrast, mHMG-CoA synthase, HMG-CoA reductase and SCOT revealed an opposite pattern (P < 0.05). In granulosa cells, CYP19A1 levels were lower in follicles with 5 days of persistence than in control follicles and 3βHSD levels were higher in late stages of persistence than in controls. These alterations evidenced an imbalance in relevant components of lipid metabolism and steroidogenesis. Changes observed in late persistence or cyst would be a consequence of follicular persistence contributing to subfertility in cattle.
{"title":"Involvement of cholesterol and ketone bodies in early stages of bovine cystic ovarian disease development","authors":"FM Rodríguez , ML Cattaneo Moreyra , NC Gareis , GJ Hein , E Angeli , AF Stassi , HH Ortega , NR Salvetti , F Rey","doi":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2025.106945","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2025.106945","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cystic ovarian disease (COD), characterized by the presence of persistent follicles, is a major cause of subfertility in dairy cows. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of receptors and enzymes involved in ketone body metabolism, cholesterol regulation, and steroidogenesis within ovarian follicular cells at different stages of persistence. The study was conducted in a model of follicular persistence induced by prolonged progesterone administration in dairy cows, and in cows diagnosed with spontaneous COD. The protein levels of key components, including HMG-CoA reductase, mitochondrial HMG-CoA (mHMG-CoA) synthase, SCOT, LDL-R, SRB-1, CYP17A1, CYP19A1, StAR, and 3βHSD, was assessed in follicles through immunohistochemistry. Additionally, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol concentrations in follicular fluid and plasma were measured using a biochemical autoanalyzer, while β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) levels were evaluated with reactive strips. Results showed that protein levels of SRB-1 and LDL-R in granulosa cells was higher in cows in late stages of follicular persistence and COD cows than in the control group (<em>P</em> < 0.05). In contrast, mHMG-CoA synthase, HMG-CoA reductase and SCOT revealed an opposite pattern (<em>P</em> < 0.05). In granulosa cells, CYP19A1 levels were lower in follicles with 5 days of persistence than in control follicles and 3βHSD levels were higher in late stages of persistence than in controls. These alterations evidenced an imbalance in relevant components of lipid metabolism and steroidogenesis. Changes observed in late persistence or cyst would be a consequence of follicular persistence contributing to subfertility in cattle.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11356,"journal":{"name":"Domestic animal endocrinology","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 106945"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143874566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-17DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2025.106944
Jacklyn Gross, Joseph Bartges, Stacy Popovici, Larry Cornelius
The objective of the study was to compare the effects of a moderate fiber (MF, 7 % crude fiber on a dry matter basis, 1.9 g/100 kcal) versus a high fiber (HF, 15 % crude fiber on a dry matter basis, 4.4 g/100 kcal) diet on glycemic control in dogs with spontaneous insulin deficient diabetes mellitus. Eight adult dogs with stable spontaneous insulin deficient diabetes mellitus receiving intermediate-action insulin administered subcutaneously every 12 h completed the study. Dogs were fed MF and HF diets for 12 weeks in a crossover study design. Complete blood counts, serum biochemistry, urinalysis, 24-hour blood glucose curve, mean 24-hour blood glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) percent were evaluated throughout the study as used to compare the MF and HF diets against the individual dogs’ base diet. A significant difference was not observed in HbA1c percent and mean 24-hour blood glucose concentrations in dogs consuming either MF or HF diets. HbA1c percent and mean 24-hour blood glucose were significantly lower in dogs consuming these MF and HF diets compared to their individual base diets. Based on these data it would be recommended to provide a dog with spontaneous insulin deficient diabetes mellitus a diet containing at least 7 % crude fiber on a dry matter basis (1.9 g/100 kcal) in addition to their injectable insulin requirements to improve their glycemic control.
{"title":"Comparison of moderate (7% on dry matter basis) and high (15% on dry matter basis) fiber diets on glycemic control in dogs with spontaneous insulin deficient diabetes mellitus","authors":"Jacklyn Gross, Joseph Bartges, Stacy Popovici, Larry Cornelius","doi":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2025.106944","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2025.106944","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of the study was to compare the effects of a moderate fiber (MF, 7 % crude fiber on a dry matter basis, 1.9 g/100 kcal) versus a high fiber (HF, 15 % crude fiber on a dry matter basis, 4.4 g/100 kcal) diet on glycemic control in dogs with spontaneous insulin deficient diabetes mellitus. Eight adult dogs with stable spontaneous insulin deficient diabetes mellitus receiving intermediate-action insulin administered subcutaneously every 12 h completed the study. Dogs were fed MF and HF diets for 12 weeks in a crossover study design. Complete blood counts, serum biochemistry, urinalysis, 24-hour blood glucose curve, mean 24-hour blood glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) percent were evaluated throughout the study as used to compare the MF and HF diets against the individual dogs’ base diet. A significant difference was not observed in HbA1c percent and mean 24-hour blood glucose concentrations in dogs consuming either MF or HF diets. HbA1c percent and mean 24-hour blood glucose were significantly lower in dogs consuming these MF and HF diets compared to their individual base diets. Based on these data it would be recommended to provide a dog with spontaneous insulin deficient diabetes mellitus a diet containing at least 7 % crude fiber on a dry matter basis (1.9 g/100 kcal) in addition to their injectable insulin requirements to improve their glycemic control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11356,"journal":{"name":"Domestic animal endocrinology","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 106944"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143860702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The period from mid-pregnancy to term is a pivotal phase for the growth and development of the mammary glands. Diets containing unsaturated fat may also influence this process.
This study examined the effects of saturated and unsaturated fat supplements on mammary gland growth in Saanen goats. Forty goats were divided into four groups: C- (negative control, no added fat), C+ (positive control, saturated palm oil), SB (Omega-6, roasted soybean), and FS (Omega-3, extruded flaxseed). Blood parameters, histological data, and the expression of genes related to mammary tissue growth and apoptosis were examined. Our findings showed that the C- group had the highest (p ≤ 0.05) serum insulin and lowest (p ≤ 0.05) serum triglyceride concentrations compared with the other groups. Serum cortisol concentration was lower (p ≤ 0.05) in the C+ group than in the C- and SB groups. Blood glucose concentration was lower (p ≤ 0.05) in the FS group compared to the C- and C+ groups. The total serum cholesterol concentration was lower (p ≤ 0.05) in the C- group than in the C+ and SB groups. The percentage of epithelial cells was higher (p ≤ 0.05) in the FS group, while the percentage of stroma was higher in the C+ group. Additionally, the SB group's alveolar, epithelial, and luminal areas were higher (p ≤ 0.05) than those in the other groups. The expression of the Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5) was the highest for the FS group (p ≤ 0.05). However, the expression of Insulin-like growth factor-I, Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax), B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio did not differ between the groups. In conclusion, providing goats with flaxseed during mid-pregnancy can promote mammary epithelial cell growth and development, prolong the lifespan, delay apoptosis, and sustain milk production.
{"title":"Changes in the expression pattern of genes affecting the growth and development of mammary tissue in pregnant Saanen goats in response to dietary fats","authors":"Reza Masoudi , Nader Asadzadeh , Hasan Sadeghipanah , Hamid Reza Seyedabadi , Saeed Smaeilkhanian , Mohammad Hossein Banabazi , Alireza Ebadi Tabrizi , Hoda Javaheri Barfourooshi","doi":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2025.106943","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2025.106943","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The period from mid-pregnancy to term is a pivotal phase for the growth and development of the mammary glands. Diets containing unsaturated fat may also influence this process.</div><div>This study examined the effects of saturated and unsaturated fat supplements on mammary gland growth in Saanen goats. Forty goats were divided into four groups: C- (negative control, no added fat), <em>C</em>+ (positive control, saturated palm oil), SB (Omega-6, roasted soybean), and FS (Omega-3, extruded flaxseed). Blood parameters, histological data, and the expression of genes related to mammary tissue growth and apoptosis were examined. Our findings showed that the C- group had the highest (<em>p</em> ≤ 0.05) serum insulin and lowest (<em>p</em> ≤ 0.05) serum triglyceride concentrations compared with the other groups. Serum cortisol concentration was lower (<em>p</em> ≤ 0.05) in the <em>C</em>+ group than in the C- and SB groups. Blood glucose concentration was lower (<em>p</em> ≤ 0.05) in the FS group compared to the C- and <em>C</em>+ groups. The total serum cholesterol concentration was lower (<em>p</em> ≤ 0.05) in the C- group than in the <em>C</em>+ and SB groups. The percentage of epithelial cells was higher (<em>p</em> ≤ 0.05) in the FS group, while the percentage of stroma was higher in the <em>C</em>+ group. Additionally, the SB group's alveolar, epithelial, and luminal areas were higher (<em>p</em> ≤ 0.05) than those in the other groups. The expression of the Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 <em>(IGFBP-5)</em> was the highest for the FS group (<em>p</em> ≤ 0.05). However, the expression of Insulin-like growth factor-I, Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (<em>IGFBP-3</em>), Bcl-2 associated X protein (<em>Bax</em>), B-cell lymphoma-2 (<em>Bcl-2</em>), Tumor necrosis factor-α (<em>TNF-α</em>), and the <em>Bax/Bcl-2</em> ratio did not differ between the groups. In conclusion, providing goats with flaxseed during mid-pregnancy can promote mammary epithelial cell growth and development, prolong the lifespan, delay apoptosis, and sustain milk production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11356,"journal":{"name":"Domestic animal endocrinology","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 106943"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143816830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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