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Modern Treatment of Bacterial Vaginosis in the Second Trimester of Pregnancy 妊娠后三个月细菌性阴道病的现代治疗方法
Pub Date : 2023-10-19 DOI: 10.33978/2307-3586-2023-19-37-6-10
N. Z. Mammaeva, I. B. Manukhin, S.D. Osmanova
Purpose: to assess the effectiveness of modern methods of treatment of patients with BV in the second trimester of pregnancy. Material and methods. The prospective comparative study included 50 patients of the second trimester of pregnancy with BV, which are divided into 2 groups. The first group received clindamycin + Lactoginal at the same time. The second group received the probiotc Lactoginal. Microscopic examination of the vaginal smear and PCR diagnostics were performed in all pregnant women. After treatment, a second study was carried out on the vaginal microflora in pregnant women. Results. According to the results of the study: according to the Amsel criterion, the recovery of patients in group 1 was 88%, in group 2 – 84%. According to the PCR study in group 1 – 80%, in group 2 – 76%. After the therapy, none of the patients noted clinical complaints. In the study groups, in 42 patients, pregnancy ended in timely delivery; caesarean section in 8 patients. Conclusion. The use of a probiotic in pregnant women with BV separately is an alternative method of treatment, favorably affects the entire period of pregnancy, as well as subsequently on delivery
目的:评估治疗妊娠后三个月 BV 患者的现代方法的有效性。材料和方法。前瞻性比较研究纳入了 50 名妊娠后三个月的 BV 患者,分为两组。第一组同时接受克林霉素+乳果糖。第二组接受益生菌 Lactoginal。对所有孕妇进行阴道涂片显微镜检查和 PCR 诊断。治疗后,对孕妇的阴道微生物菌群进行了第二次研究。结果显示研究结果显示:根据 Amsel 标准,第一组患者的康复率为 88%,第二组为 84%。根据聚合酶链式反应(PCR)研究,第一组为 80%,第二组为 76%。治疗后,没有一名患者出现临床症状。在研究组中,42 名患者的妊娠以及时分娩结束;8 名患者进行了剖腹产。结论对患有 BV 的孕妇单独使用益生菌是一种替代治疗方法,对整个孕期以及随后的分娩都会产生有利影响。
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引用次数: 0
Clinical Pharmacology Superlymph in Diseases of the Urogenital Tract Through the Prism of the Levels of Implementation of Its Effects 临床药理学--从泌尿生殖道疾病中的超级淋巴液效果实施水平的角度看超级淋巴液
Pub Date : 2023-10-19 DOI: 10.33978/2307-3586-2023-19-37-44-53
T.A. Yushkova, Ye.V. Slabinskaya, A.A. Yakovlev
The article discusses the mechanisms of action of the drug Superlymph in accordance with the level of realization of its effect in diseases of the urogenital tract
文章根据 "超级淋巴 "药物在泌尿生殖道疾病中的作用实现程度,讨论了该药物的作用机制。
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引用次数: 0
The Effect of Highly Oncogenic Human Papillomavirus on the Development of CIN and Breast Cancer in Sexually Active Adolescents and Young Girls 高致癌人类乳头状瘤病毒对性活跃青少年和少女 CIN 和乳腺癌发展的影响
Pub Date : 2023-10-19 DOI: 10.33978/2307-3586-2023-19-37-40-43
Ye.V. Sibirskaya, P.O. Nikiforova, O.S. Koryagina, I.N. Kovshova, A.M. Almyasheva
Some types of human papillomavirus (HPV) cause various diseases, including cancer. The main route of HPV transmission is unprotected sexual contact, especially among young girls and adolescents who are not sufficiently aware of contraceptive methods and the risks of sexually transmitted diseases. Sexually active adolescents and young girls are at high risk of HPV infection. According to the results of the analysis of literary sources, a link has been established between the persistence of HPV and the development of neoplasia, and subsequently cervical cancer. That is why early prevention of HPV infection, including vaccination, among adolescents should be a priority.
某些类型的人类乳头瘤病毒(HPV)会导致各种疾病,包括癌症。HPV 传播的主要途径是无保护的性接触,尤其是对避孕方法和性传播疾病风险认识不足的少女和青少年。性生活活跃的青少年和少女感染人乳头瘤病毒的风险很高。根据对文献资料的分析结果,HPV 的持续存在与肿瘤的发展以及随后的宫颈癌之间已经建立了联系。因此,早期预防人乳头瘤病毒感染,包括在青少年中接种疫苗,应成为当务之急。
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引用次数: 0
Aesthetic Gynecological Surgeries in Children and Adolescents 儿童和青少年妇科美容手术
Pub Date : 2023-10-19 DOI: 10.33978/2307-3586-2023-19-37-66-74
Ye.V. Sibirskaya, I. Karachentsova, T. N. Ivanovskaya, I.A. Melenchuk, Y. Kirillova, A.S. Annakulieva, Ye.D. Nakhapetyan
Aesthetic gynecological operations in children and adolescents are aimed at eliminating congenital anomalies of the structure of the external genitalia, which usually occur as a result of a violation of the formation of sex. In addition, operations are often performed to achieve a cosmetic effect in conditions such as hypertrophy of the labia minora, clitoromegaly (not associated with genetic defects), atrophy and narrowing of the entrance to the vagina. At the moment, there is no consensus on at what age to perform aesthetic reconstructive surgery for abnormalities of the development of external genitalia in pediatric patients. At the same time, many techniques have been developed that are actively used in clinics around the world. The article considers the most practical and least traumatic, with a low percentage of complications, methods of plastic surgery in children and adolescents with congenital malformations and cosmetic defects of the external genitalia. A search for literature reviews, systematic reviews, meta-analyses and clinical studies on the topic of aesthetic gynecological operations in gynecology of children and adolescents was conducted in the PubMed and Embase. The search was carried out using combinations of MESH terms: feminizing genitoplasty, atypia of the external genitalia, pediatrics, disorders of sex formation, congenital hyperplasia of the adrenal cortex. The articles were analyzed, the full text of which was in the public domain, with a detailed description of the course and results of the operation, a description of clinical cases and studies in the field of pediatric and adolescent gynecology, mainly surgical treatment of congenital disorders of the reproductive system. As a result of a search in the PubMed, Embase databases with a diverse combination of keywords, 498 publications were found that were screened by name and abstract. 120 articles were selected for full-text analysis, 31 of them were selected for citation.
儿童和青少年妇科美容手术的目的是消除外生殖器结构的先天性异常,这些异常通常是由于违反性别形成规律而造成的。此外,在小阴唇肥大、阴蒂肥大(与遗传缺陷无关)、阴道口萎缩和狭窄等情况下,通常也会进行手术以达到美容效果。目前,对于小儿外生殖器发育异常患者在什么年龄段进行美容整形手术还没有达成共识。与此同时,许多技术已被开发出来,并在世界各地的诊所积极使用。本文探讨了对患有先天性外生殖器畸形和外生殖器美容缺陷的儿童和青少年进行整形手术的最实用、创伤最小、并发症发生率低的方法。在 PubMed 和 Embase 中检索了有关儿童和青少年妇科美容手术的文献综述、系统综述、荟萃分析和临床研究。搜索时使用了 MESH 术语组合:女性化生殖整形术、外生殖器不典型、儿科、性别形成障碍、肾上腺皮质先天性增生症。对这些文章进行了分析,这些文章的全文都是公开的,其中详细描述了手术的过程和结果,介绍了临床病例以及儿科和青少年妇科领域的研究,主要是生殖系统先天性疾病的手术治疗。在 PubMed 和 Embase 数据库中以不同的关键词组合进行搜索后,发现有 498 篇出版物通过名称和摘要进行了筛选。其中 120 篇文章被选作全文分析,31 篇被选作引文。
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引用次数: 0
Chronic Pelvic Pain: a Neuropsychiatric View of the Gynecological Problem 慢性盆腔疼痛:从神经精神角度看妇科问题
Pub Date : 2023-10-19 DOI: 10.33978/2307-3586-2023-19-37-36-39
Ye.V. Sibirskaya, P.O. Nikiforova
Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) in women is a multifactorial problem that requires an interdisciplinary approach involving the teamwork of an obstetrician-gynecologist and related specialists. In 80% of patients the causes of CPP are inorganic, while 40% of diagnostic laparoscopic operations and 12% of hysterectomies are performed annually. Pathogenetic reactions triggering CPP syndrome include increased anxiety, neurosis and concomitant high levels of stress. A cascade of such reactions leads to the formation of a vicious circle. CPP directly affects the social life of women. About 15% of women with CPP cannot work, and 45% have a noticeable decrease in productivity. Treatment of the psychoemotional component of CPP is a priority task of an obstetrician-gynecologist.
妇女的慢性盆腔痛(CPP)是一个多因素问题,需要妇产科医生和相关专家的团队合作,采取跨学科的治疗方法。在 80% 的患者中,CPP 的病因是无机物,而每年 40% 的腹腔镜诊断手术和 12% 的子宫切除术都是由无机物引起的。引发 CPP 综合征的病原体反应包括焦虑症、神经衰弱和伴随的高度紧张。一连串的此类反应导致恶性循环的形成。CPP 直接影响妇女的社会生活。约 15%患有 CPP 的妇女无法工作,45% 的妇女工作效率明显降低。治疗 CPP 的心理情感因素是妇产科医生的首要任务。
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引用次数: 0
Pathophysiological Mechanisms of FHA and PCOS in Girls of Reproductive Age 育龄女孩 FHA 和多囊卵巢综合症的病理生理机制
Pub Date : 2023-10-19 DOI: 10.33978/2307-3586-2023-19-37-32-35
L. V. Adamyan, Ye.V. Sibirskaya, L. Pivazyan, K. K. Murvatova, V.Yu. Seregina
Secondary oligo-/amenorrhea occurs in 3–5% of women of reproductive age. The two most common causes are polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) (2–13%) and functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA) (1–2%). The goal of this literature review was to study and systematize data from foreign relevant l studies on the topic as differences in the pathophysiological mechanisms of FHA and PCOS. The topic touched upon is important and requires analysis due to the difficulty of understanding and the still unclear pathophysiology of FHA and PCOS. This review examines the mechanisms of ovarian dysfunction in PHA and PCOS as the main causes of menstrual cycle disorders.
3-5%的育龄妇女会出现继发性少乳/闭经。最常见的两种原因是多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)(2-13%)和功能性下丘脑闭经(FHA)(1-2%)。本文献综述的目的是研究和系统整理国外相关研究中关于 FHA 和 PCOS 病理生理机制差异的数据。由于 FHA 和 PCOS 的病理生理学难以理解且尚不明确,因此所涉及的主题非常重要,需要进行分析。本综述探讨了 PHA 和 PCOS 中卵巢功能失调的机制,这是导致月经周期紊乱的主要原因。
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引用次数: 0
Rational Сhoice of Нepatoprotectors in the Treatment of Chronic Liver Diseases 在治疗慢性肝病时合理选择肝保护剂
Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.33978/2307-3586-2023-19-35-50-58
S. N. Mekhtiev, O. A. Mekhtieva, O.M. Berko
The modern pharmacological industry provides healthcare professionals and patients with the widest choice of medicines (drugs) and biologically active additives. At the same time, the choice of the drug, in addition to the instructions for use and clinical recommendations, is influenced by personal experience of use (both the doctor and the patient), the cost of the drug, advertising and other factors. The Register of Medicines of Russia contains about 30 hepatoprotectors and their combinations, represented by more than 130 original drugs and their generics. This article presents data on the epidemiology of liver diseases in the world and in Russia, the general stages of the pathogenesis of liver lesions and the key points of application of drugs, as well as the role of a new hepatoprotector (a combination of ursodeoxycholic acid with glycyrrhizic acid) in the treatment of liver diseases
现代制药业为医护人员和患者提供了最广泛的药品(药物)和生物活性添加剂选择。同时,除了使用说明和临床建议外,药物的选择还受到个人使用经验(医生和患者)、药物成本、广告和其他因素的影响。俄罗斯药品登记册》包含约 30 种保肝药及其复方制剂,由 130 多种原研药及其仿制药组成。本文介绍了世界和俄罗斯肝病流行病学数据、肝脏病变的一般发病阶段和药物应用要点,以及新型保肝药(熊去氧胆酸与甘草酸的复方制剂)在肝病治疗中的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Differential Diagnosis of Liver Pathology in Cytolysis Syndrome: Clinical Case Analysis 细胞溶解综合征肝脏病理的鉴别诊断:临床病例分析
Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.33978/2307-3586-2023-19-35-22-29
M. Livzan, O. Gaus, M. Lisovskiy
Assessment of the level of aminotransferases in the blood serum is a routine diagnostic method for diseases of the digestive system and preventive medical examinations. The purpose of this article is to systematize data on the doctor's tactics when an elevated level of aminotransferases in the blood serum is detected in order to minimize the erroneous error of the cytolysis syndrome, using a step-by-step diagnostic algorithm in clinical practice
血清中转氨酶水平的评估是消化系统疾病和预防性体检的常规诊断方法。本文旨在通过临床实践中的逐步诊断算法,将检测到血清中转氨酶水平升高时医生的策略数据系统化,以尽量减少细胞溶解综合征的错误。
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引用次数: 0
Lactulose: the Advantages and Place of the Drug in Clinical Recommendations 乳果糖:该药物的优势及其在临床建议中的地位
Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.33978/2307-3586-2023-19-35-42-49
D. S. Bordin, L.Kh. Indeikina, E. Vinnitskaya, M.A. Danilov, E. Sabelnikova
Lactulose is a disaccharide derived from lactose milk sugar using β-galactosidase or epimerase and consisting of fructose and galactose. The first mention of lactulose dates back to 1929, but clinical interest in this drug appeared much later. In 1957, Petuely discovered that the use of lactulose increased the number of fecal bacteria of the genus Bifidobacterium in infants. The features of the drug are described, the mechanism of action of which allows reproducing both laxative and prebiotic effects. The restoration of intestinal microbiocenosis is associated with the improvement in the course of diseases (constipation, hepatic encephalopathy) and the quality of patients’ life. Due to the possibility of use in different age periods, especially in sensitive categories, children, pregnant and elderly patients, as well as the duration and safety of its use, lactulose has advantages in comparison with other drugs. Considered the principles of lactulose use in patients with chronic functional constipation and liver diseases reflected in clinical recommendations
乳果糖是一种由果糖和半乳糖组成的双糖,通过β-半乳糖苷酶或表聚合酶从乳糖牛奶糖中提取。最早提及乳果糖可追溯到 1929 年,但临床上对这种药物的兴趣却出现得更晚。1957 年,Petuely 发现使用乳果糖可以增加婴儿粪便中双歧杆菌属细菌的数量。该药物的作用机制使其同时具有润肠通便和益生菌的作用。肠道微生物群的恢复与病程(便秘、肝性脑病)的改善和患者生活质量的提高有关。由于乳果糖可用于不同年龄段,尤其是敏感人群、儿童、孕妇和老年患者,而且使用时间长、安全性高,因此与其他药物相比具有优势。考虑到临床建议中反映的慢性功能性便秘和肝病患者使用乳果糖的原则
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引用次数: 0
Difficulties in Treating a Patient with Inflammatory Bowel Disease 治疗炎症性肠病患者时遇到的困难
Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.33978/2307-3586-2023-19-35-74-78
O. Barysheva, K. E. Egorova, A.M. Golubeva, T.V. Kuprina, N. Vezikova, I. M. Marusenko, T.V. Varlamova, D. D. Varlamova
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) belong to nosologies, adequate treatment of which makes it possible to achieve clinical and endoscopic remission of diseases. Currently, numerous studies have been conducted confirming the effectiveness of genetically engineered biological drugs (GEBD) in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease in adult patients and in children. However, GEBDs are not always effective, there is the primary inefficiency, and due to the formation of neutralizing antibodies, secondary inefficiency may develop, as well as drug intolerance. There is a question of choosing a GEBD for a particular patient. The article presents the clinical case of a young patient with ulcerative colitis and breast cancer, discusses the features of the course and approaches to the treatment of ulcerative colitis, as well as the choice of GEBD, the comorbidity of IBD and oncological diseases.
炎症性肠病(IBD)属于疾病分类,对其进行适当治疗可使疾病在临床和内窥镜下得到缓解。目前,已有大量研究证实,基因工程生物药物(GEBD)对成年和儿童溃疡性结肠炎和克罗恩病有效。然而,基因工程生物药物并不总是有效的,有原发性低效,由于中和抗体的形成,可能会出现继发性低效,以及药物不耐受。这就存在一个为特定患者选择 GEBD 的问题。文章介绍了一位患有溃疡性结肠炎和乳腺癌的年轻患者的临床病例,讨论了溃疡性结肠炎的病程特点和治疗方法,以及 GEBD 的选择、IBD 和肿瘤疾病的合并症。
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引用次数: 0
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Effective Pharmacotherapy
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