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Alleviation of Lead-Induced Immunotoxicity by Moringa oleifera in Albino Rats 辣木减轻白化大鼠铅诱导的免疫毒性
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.21608/EAJBSF.2019.25084
R. Elgawish, H. Abdel-Rahman, S. Helmy, D. I. Kabil, H. Abdelrazek
The existing study was designed to evaluate the ameliorative influences of Moringa oleifera on several immune parameters in male rats subsequent to lead administration. Twenty eight adult male rats were randomly assigned equally into 4 groups; control group was given distilled water. Lead treated rats were administrated a dose of 44 mg of lead acetate/kg BW. Moringa group was treated with 50 mg/ kg BW of Moringa oleifera leaf extract. Lead and moringa treated group was given a dose of 44 mg/kg of lead acetate and 50 mg/ kg of moringa extract. Treatments were given orally by gavage tube for one month. By the termination of the experimental period, rats were immolated; spleen and thymus weights were recorded in addition to the collection of blood and tissue samples. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interferon gamma (IF-γ), interlukin-2 (IL-2) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were assayed in serum. Complete blood picture was evaluated for rats. Body weight gain was reduced significantly (P<0.05) in lead and moringa treated rats in comparison to control. A significant (P<0.05) increase in spleen weights was observed in lead and moringa co-administered group compared to moringa treated group. Lead administration produced higher (P<0.001) levels of TNF-α, IL-2 and IF-γ compared to that in other groups. In contrary, the level of TAC was significantly (P<0.001) reduced in lead treated rats. A significant (P<0.01) reduction in RBCs and low level of hemoglobin (P=0.07) were observed in lead-treated rats. Spleen of rats receiving lead showed widespread hyperplasia of lymphoid follicles in white pulp and hemosiderin pigment in red pulp. Thymus of rats receiving lead showed marked proliferation in the cortical region. Spleen and thymus of rats receiving lead showed a higher (P<0.01) immune reactivity for NF-κB and CD8+ parallel to that in other groups.  In conclusion, the administration of Moringa oleifera extract ameliorates the immunotoxicity induced by lead exposure in rats.
本研究旨在评价辣木对铅对雄性大鼠免疫指标的改善作用。28只成年雄性大鼠随机分为4组;对照组给予蒸馏水。用44 mg /kg BW剂量的醋酸铅给药。辣木组以50 mg/ kg BW辣木叶提取物处理。铅和辣木处理组分别给予44 mg/kg醋酸铅和50 mg/kg辣木提取物。采用灌胃管口服治疗,疗程1个月。实验结束时,处死大鼠;除了采集血液和组织样本外,还记录脾脏和胸腺的重量。测定血清中肿瘤坏死因子α (TNF-α)、干扰素γ (IF-γ)、白细胞介素-2 (IL-2)和总抗氧化能力(TAC)。对大鼠进行全血图像评价。与对照组相比,铅和辣木处理的大鼠体重增加明显减少(P<0.05)。与辣木处理组相比,铅和辣木联合给药组脾脏重量显著(P<0.05)增加。与其他组相比,给铅组产生更高的TNF-α、IL-2和IF-γ水平(P<0.001)。相反,经铅处理的大鼠TAC水平显著降低(P<0.001)。铅处理大鼠红细胞明显减少(P<0.01),血红蛋白明显降低(P=0.07)。铅中毒大鼠脾脏白色髓内淋巴滤泡增生,红色髓内含铁血黄素色素增生。注射铅的大鼠胸腺皮质区有明显的增殖。大鼠脾和胸腺对NF-κB和CD8+的免疫反应性明显高于其他各组(P<0.01)。综上所述,辣木提取物可改善铅暴露大鼠的免疫毒性。
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引用次数: 1
Management of Pests Attacking Tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum (Mill.) Plants and their Relationship with Actual Yield Under the Greenhouse. 番茄害虫的防治温室下植物及其与实际产量的关系。
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.21608/EAJBSF.2019.26440
Abla F. A. Saad
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引用次数: 1
Biological Activity of Prunus Domestica (Rosaceae) and Rhamnus Cathartica (Rhamnaceae) leaves extracts against the Mosquito Vector, Culex Pipiens L. (Diptera: Culicidae) 家李(蔷薇科)和鼠李(鼠李科)叶提取物对蚊媒淡库蚊的生物活性研究
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.21608/EAJBSF.2019.29343
Ahmed Shehata
The activity of methanol, chloroform and petroleum ether extracts of Prunus domestica and Rhamnus cathartica leaves against third-instar larvae of the filarial vector, Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) and resulted pupae were evaluated. In addition, the repellent activity of tested extracts against C. pipiens starved females was determined. Results showed that all tested extracts possess larvicidal activity against C. pipiens third larval instar; however, the petroleum ether extract from leaves of P. domestica and R. cathartica was more effective (LC50 33.3 and 63.4ppm) than chloroform (LC50 70.8 and 192.1ppm) and methanolic extracts (LC50 132.7 and 273.5ppm), respectively. Also, both larval and pupal periods were prolonged by all tested extracts as compared with control groups. On the other hand, all tested extracts exhibited a variable degree of repellency against C. pipiens starved females depending on dose and solvent used in extraction. The highest repellency (97.3 and 90.2%) was recorded by petroleum ether extract of P. domestica at the highest doses (3.33 and 5.0mg/cm2), while petroleum ether extract of R. cathartica recorded 89.8 and 80.0% repellency at the same doses, respectively. These results proved that methanol, chloroform and petroleum ether extracts of P. domestica and R. cathartica leaves act as C. pipiens control agents, even in the crude form, providing an opportunity to reach ,mosquito control agents from cheap, available plants which are safe to non-target organisms, as well as environment.
测定了家李和大鼠叶甲醇、氯仿和石油醚提取物对染丝媒介淡纹库蚊3龄幼虫及其蛹的活性。此外,还测定了所试提取物对饥饿雌性库蚊的驱避活性。结果表明,所有提取物对淡纹库蚊第三龄幼虫均有杀虫活性;家蝇叶石油醚提取物(LC50为33.3和63.4ppm)的抑菌效果优于氯仿提取物(LC50为70.8和192.1ppm)和甲醇提取物(LC50为132.7和273.5ppm)。与对照组相比,各提取物均能延长幼虫期和蛹期。另一方面,所有被试的提取物都表现出不同程度的驱避力,这取决于提取剂量和溶剂的不同。家蝇石油醚提取物在最高剂量(3.33 mg/cm2和5.0mg/cm2)下的驱避率最高,分别为97.3和90.2%,而相同剂量下的泻家蝇石油醚提取物的驱避率分别为89.8和80.0%。这些结果证明,家蝇和cathartica叶片的甲醇、氯仿和石油醚提取物可以作为淡纹库蚊的防蚊剂,即使是粗制的,也可以从廉价、可获得的、对非目标生物安全的植物和环境中获得防蚊剂。
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引用次数: 10
Genome-wide DNA Mutability and Biochemical Effects of Novel Insecticides in the Control of Date Palm Fruit Pest Ephestia cautella (Walker) 新型杀虫剂防治枣椰果害虫Ephestia cautella (Walker)的全基因组DNA突变及生化效应
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.21608/EAJBSF.2019.31759
F. A. Ahmed, M. Rashed, Hala Abou-Yousf, E. Abdel-Rahim, S. Mahdi, G. Osman, M. Atia
Different pests attack date palm fruits during all the stages of maturity. Almond moth (Ephestia cautella) is a destructive insect of stored products, such as dates, wheat flour, and nuts. In the present study, the usage of novel groups of insecticides (Spinosyns, Diamide, Pyridalyl, and Azadirachtin) that are safe for humans and exert a relatively lower effect on the environment was assessed. In particular, the toxicological and biochemical impacts of five insecticides (Tracer, Radiant, Coragen, Pleo, and Achook) on the control of E. Cautella were evaluated, and the genome-wide DNA mutability caused by these insecticides was screened. A bioassay was performed in order to determine the LC50value for each insecticide, the results of which revealed that Coragen with an LC50 value of 0.49 ppm was the most potent insecticide, followed by Radiant and Achook (with LC50 values of 1.51 and 1.73 ppm, respectively). In addition, the effect of these insecticides on vital enzymes was investigated. The data from this investigation revealed that the treatment with Radiant demonstrated stimulation in AST, ACP, ALP, and GST activity, and inhibition in AChE, ALT, and protease activity. The insects treated with Coragen exhibited an elevation in the activities of AChE, GST, ALP, ACP, ALT, and protease. Finally, DNA-level mutability caused by the insecticides was assessed by using RAPD-PCR analysis, and the results indicated Radiant as a genotoxic insecticide that caused large changes at the genomic-DNA level. On the other hand, Coragen exhibited the lowest mutability effect on insect DNA.
枣椰果在成熟的各个阶段都有不同的害虫。杏仁蛾(Ephestia cautella)是一种破坏储存产品的昆虫,如枣、小麦粉和坚果。本研究评估了对人体安全、对环境影响相对较小的新型杀虫剂(Spinosyns、Diamide、Pyridalyl和印楝素)的使用情况。重点评价了5种杀虫剂(Tracer、Radiant、Coragen、Pleo和Achook)的毒理学和生化效应,并筛选了这些杀虫剂引起的全基因组DNA突变。采用生物测定法测定了各杀虫剂的LC50值,结果表明,Coragen的LC50值为0.49 ppm,是最有效的杀虫剂,其次是Radiant和Achook (LC50值分别为1.51和1.73 ppm)。此外,还研究了这些杀虫剂对重要酶的影响。这项研究的数据显示,辐射治疗显示出AST、ACP、ALP和GST活性的刺激,以及AChE、ALT和蛋白酶活性的抑制。胶原蛋白处理后,AChE、GST、ALP、ACP、ALT和蛋白酶活性均明显升高。最后,利用RAPD-PCR方法分析了杀虫剂引起的dna水平的变异,结果表明辐射杀虫剂是一种基因毒性杀虫剂,在基因组- dna水平上引起了很大的变化。另一方面,胶原蛋白对昆虫DNA的变异作用最小。
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引用次数: 1
Disturbing Effects of the Chitin Synthesis Inhibitors, Novaluron and Diofenolan, on the Phosphatase Activity in the Pink Bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). 几丁质合成抑制剂诺伐脲隆和双酚兰对粉棉铃虫磷酸酶活性的干扰作用(鳞翅目:姬蚧科)
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.21608/eajbsf.2019.29345
Tanani A., B. A.
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引用次数: 0
Trunk Injection a Promising Approach for Long-Lasting Suppression of Mango Leaf Hopper, Idioscopus clypealis 树干注射是持久抑制芒果叶蝉的一种有前途的方法
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.21608/EAJBSF.2019.31760
M. A. Seyahooei, A. Bagheri, Sohrab Morshedi, M. Fallahzadeh, Sareh Amiri, M. Shahi
The journal of Toxicology and pest control is one of the series issued twice by the Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, and is devoted to publication of original papers related to the interaction between insects and their environment. The goal of the journal is to advance the scientific understanding of mechanisms of toxicity. Emphasis will be placed on toxic effects observed at relevant exposures, which have direct impact on safety evaluation and risk assessment. The journal therefore welcomes papers on biology ranging from molecular and cell biology, biochemistry and physiology to ecology and environment, also systematics, microbiology, toxicology, hydrobiology, radiobiology and biotechnology. www.eajbs.eg.net Provided for non-commercial research and education use. Not for reproduction, distribution or commercial use.
《毒理学和虫害防治》杂志是《埃及生物科学学术杂志》两次出版的系列杂志之一,专门发表有关昆虫与其环境之间相互作用的原创论文。该杂志的目标是促进对毒性机制的科学理解。重点将放在对安全评价和风险评估有直接影响的有关接触所观察到的毒性效应。因此,该杂志欢迎来自分子和细胞生物学、生物化学和生理学、生态学和环境、系统学、微生物学、毒理学、水生生物学、放射生物学和生物技术等领域的论文。www.eajbs.eg.net提供给非商业研究和教育使用。不得复制、分发或用于商业用途。
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引用次数: 1
Toxicity of some Essential oils and its Biochemical Effect against Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) 几种精油对红粉甲虫的毒性及生化作用(鞘翅目:拟甲科)
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.21608/EAJBSF.2019.27331
El-Gizawy Kh., M. Halawa, L. Mehany, A. Mohamed
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引用次数: 4
Effect of pesticides mixture of dimethoate and methidathion on acetylcholinestrase during embryo development using chick embryo model 乐果与甲硫磷混合农药对鸡胚模型发育过程中乙酰胆碱酯酶的影响
Pub Date : 2018-10-24 DOI: 10.21608/EAJBSF.2018.17433
M. A. Alhifi
Pesticides mixture (dimethoate 30% and methidathion 40%) prepared by the farmers in Yemen and engaged in the cultivation of Qat, which is chewed by people every day including pregnant women. Therefore, the developing embryos in the society are more vulnerable than adults to the chronic cholinergic intoxication. This study aimed to examine the chronic effect of pesticides mixture on the AChE of developmental embryo in an avian model, which does not share the maternal potential confounds. For this, fresh fertile chicken eggs (Gallus gallus domesticus) were used. The lethal concentration of pesticides mixture for 50% killing (LD50) values was computed on the basis of probit analysis and was found to be 40 ppm. 1/5 th LD50 and 1/10 th LD50 (8 and 4 ppm) were chosen to be the tested doses. Eggs weighing 54±1 gm were separated in to 3 batches of 10 eggs each batch. One batch of embryos was injected with normal saline and the other batches of embryos injected with pesticides mixture of 4 and 8 ppm each alternative day starting from incubation day 7 for 2 weeks. On day 21 after 12 hours of the last dose an amount of 200 µl blood was collected from the blood vessels surrounding the embryonic membranes and the heamolyzate was used for the assessment of the AChE activity calorimetrically. Result of this study indicated that 1/10 th of the LD50 had only marginal effect on the AChE activity (40.6%). Whereas 1/5 th of the LD50 of pesticides mixture caused significant inhibition of AChE activity (69%) which could not be reversible. So neuro-developmental consequences such as behavioral changes and memory impairment may prolong throughout the life span of the embryo.
也门农民配制的混合农药(30%乐果和40%硫磷),从事卡特种植,每天被包括孕妇在内的人们咀嚼。因此,社会上发育中的胚胎比成人更容易受到慢性胆碱能中毒的影响。本研究旨在探讨农药混合物对不具有母体潜在混淆的鸟类模型发育胚胎乙酰胆碱酯酶的慢性影响。为此,使用新鲜的可育鸡蛋(Gallus Gallus domesticus)。在概率分析的基础上,计算出混合农药50%致死浓度(LD50)值为40 ppm。选择1/5 LD50和1/10 LD50(8和4 ppm)作为试验剂量。鸡蛋重量为54±1 gm,分成3批,每批10个鸡蛋。从孵育第7天开始,1批胚胎注射生理盐水,其余胚胎每隔一天注射4和8 ppm的农药混合物,连续2周。末次给药12小时后第21天,取胚膜周围血管200µl血,用溶血液量热法测定乙酰胆碱酯酶活性。本研究结果表明,1/10的LD50对乙酰胆碱酯酶活性仅有边际影响(40.6%)。1/5的LD50对乙酰胆碱酯酶活性有显著抑制作用(69%),且不可逆。因此,神经发育的后果,如行为改变和记忆障碍,可能会延续到胚胎的整个生命周期。
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引用次数: 4
Efficacy Of Some Pesticides Against Piercing-Sucking Pests and Associated Predators on Cucumis sativus (L.) and Cucumis melo var. flexuosus (L.) Plants in Sharkia Province, Egypt. 几种农药对黄瓜和甜瓜刺吸害虫及其伴生捕食者的防治效果埃及Sharkia省的植物。
Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.21608/EAJBSF.2018.22723
A. HegabM.E.M., E. Abd-ElAzeem
The journal of Toxicology and pest control is one of the series issued twice by the Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, and is devoted to publication of original papers related to the interaction between insects and their environment. The goal of the journal is to advance the scientific understanding of mechanisms of toxicity. Emphasis will be placed on toxic effects observed at relevant exposures, which have direct impact on safety evaluation and risk assessment. The journal therefore welcomes papers on biology ranging from molecular and cell biology, biochemistry and physiology to ecology and environment, also systematics, microbiology, toxicology, hydrobiology, radiobiology and biotechnology. www.eajbs.eg.net Provided for non-commercial research and education use. Not for reproduction, distribution or commercial use.
《毒理学和虫害防治》杂志是《埃及生物科学学术杂志》两次出版的系列杂志之一,专门发表有关昆虫与其环境之间相互作用的原创论文。该杂志的目标是促进对毒性机制的科学理解。重点将放在对安全评价和风险评估有直接影响的有关接触所观察到的毒性效应。因此,该杂志欢迎来自分子和细胞生物学、生物化学和生理学、生态学和环境、系统学、微生物学、毒理学、水生生物学、放射生物学和生物技术等领域的论文。www.eajbs.eg.net提供给非商业研究和教育使用。不得复制、分发或用于商业用途。
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引用次数: 0
Toxicological and Biological Effects of some Synthetic Organic Compounds on Pink Bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Sound.) and Cotton Leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis ((Boisd.) Laboratory Strains 几种合成有机化合物对棉铃虫Pectinophora gossypiella (Sound.)和棉叶虫Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.)的毒理学和生物学效应实验室菌株
Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.21608/eajbsf.2018.22725
E. S., S. A., H. M.,
The journal of Toxicology and pest control is one of the series issued twice by the Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, and is devoted to publication of original papers related to the interaction between insects and their environment. The goal of the journal is to advance the scientific understanding of mechanisms of toxicity. Emphasis will be placed on toxic effects observed at relevant exposures, which have direct impact on safety evaluation and risk assessment. The journal therefore welcomes papers on biology ranging from molecular and cell biology, biochemistry and physiology to ecology and environment, also systematics, microbiology, toxicology, hydrobiology, radiobiology and biotechnology. www.eajbs.eg.net Provided for non-commercial research and education use. Not for reproduction, distribution or commercial use.
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control
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