Pub Date : 2021-11-24DOI: 10.5552/drvind.2021.2043
Hüseyin Pelit, A. Alkan, M. Yalçın
In this study, the effect of impregnation with natural extracts on decay resistance and color change of pine and beech wood was analyzed. Flowers of Rhododendron luteum and Rhododendron ponticum plants were extracted according to the decoction method and aqueous solutions were prepared at different concentration levels (2 %, 4 % and 7 %). In addition, ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate and aluminum sulfate mordants were added to the solution to improve the properties of the extracts. Then the wood specimens were impregnated with the prepared solutions. The results indicated that the effect of plant species on the mass loss of specimens exposed to T. versicolor (white-rot fungus) was insignificant. Non-mordant extracts had a slight effect on the mass loss of the specimens. However, in pine and beech specimens impregnated with mordant-added (especially ferrous sulfate-added) extracts, mass loss was significantly reduced and resistance to fungal rot was almost completely achieved. The concentration level did not have a significant effect on the mass loss of specimens treated with mordant-added extracts. After impregnation, the L* value of all specimens (especially those treated with ferrous sulfate-added extracts) decreased and the specimens darkened. The a* and b* values increased in specimens treated with non-mordant and aluminum sulfate-added extracts and these specimens tend to have a red-yellow color. The a* value decreased and the b* value increased in wood specimens treated with copper sulfate-added extracts. The green-yellow color trend of these specimens increased. Both the a* and b* values of the specimens treated with ferrous sulfate-added extracts decreased and the green-blue color tendency increased in these specimens. The increase in the concentration level positively affected the determined color changes. The total color change (ΔE*) was higher in wood specimens (especially pine) treated with ferrous sulfate-added R. ponticum extracts.
{"title":"Decay Resistance and Color Change of Pine and Beech Wood Impregnated with R. Luteum and R. Ponticum Plant Extracts","authors":"Hüseyin Pelit, A. Alkan, M. Yalçın","doi":"10.5552/drvind.2021.2043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5552/drvind.2021.2043","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the effect of impregnation with natural extracts on decay resistance and color change of pine and beech wood was analyzed. Flowers of Rhododendron luteum and Rhododendron ponticum plants were extracted according to the decoction method and aqueous solutions were prepared at different concentration levels (2 %, 4 % and 7 %). In addition, ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate and aluminum sulfate mordants were added to the solution to improve the properties of the extracts. Then the wood specimens were impregnated with the prepared solutions. The results indicated that the effect of plant species on the mass loss of specimens exposed to T. versicolor (white-rot fungus) was insignificant. Non-mordant extracts had a slight effect on the mass loss of the specimens. However, in pine and beech specimens impregnated with mordant-added (especially ferrous sulfate-added) extracts, mass loss was significantly reduced and resistance to fungal rot was almost completely achieved. The concentration level did not have a significant effect on the mass loss of specimens treated with mordant-added extracts. After impregnation, the L* value of all specimens (especially those treated with ferrous sulfate-added extracts) decreased and the specimens darkened. The a* and b* values increased in specimens treated with non-mordant and aluminum sulfate-added extracts and these specimens tend to have a red-yellow color. The a* value decreased and the b* value increased in wood specimens treated with copper sulfate-added extracts. The green-yellow color trend of these specimens increased. Both the a* and b* values of the specimens treated with ferrous sulfate-added extracts decreased and the green-blue color tendency increased in these specimens. The increase in the concentration level positively affected the determined color changes. The total color change (ΔE*) was higher in wood specimens (especially pine) treated with ferrous sulfate-added R. ponticum extracts.","PeriodicalId":11427,"journal":{"name":"Drvna Industrija","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43600263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-24DOI: 10.5552/drvind.2021.2034
Ismaeil Zahedi Tajrishi, A. Tarmian, R. Oladi, M. Humar, M. Ahmadzadeh
One strategy for improving the treatability of refractory wood species is biological incising, and its efficiency depends on how the microorganisms modify the porous structure of the wood. Evaluation of the bioincised wood treatability on a micro-scale can thus help to better understand the treatability enhancing mechanisms. In the present study, the biodegradation pattern and micro-scale treatability of Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) heartwood were determined after bioincising with the white-rot fungus Physisporinus vitreus (Pers.: Fr.) P. Karsten isolate 136 and bacterium Bacillus subtilis UTB22. Oven-dried specimens with dimensions of 50 mm × 25 mm × 15 mm (L × T × R) were incubated with the microorganisms at (23±2) °C and (65±5) % relative humidity for six weeks. The control and exposed wood blocks were then pressure treated by 1 % fluorescent dye (fluorescein)-containing water to study the treatability pattern under a fluorescence microscope. The longitudinal and tangential air permeability and compression strength parallel to the grain of the specimens were also determined at the end of the incubation period. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) studies showed that degradation by B. subtilis UTB22 was limited to the pit membranes, but the cell walls were also degraded to some extent by P. vitreus. The fungus caused a higher mass loss compared to the bacterium, whereas the permeability enhancing ability of the bacterium was more pronounced. The fluorescent dye tracer also showed that higher treatability with more uniformity was obtained by B. subtilis UTB22. The improvement in treatability by both microorganisms was mainly due to the degradation of the earlywood tracheids.
提高耐火木材可加工性的一种策略是生物切割，其效率取决于微生物如何改变木材的多孔结构。因此，在微观尺度上评价生物切割木材的可加工性有助于更好地了解可加工性增强机制。采用白腐菌玻璃体物理菌(Physisporinus vitreus, Pers)对火炬松(Pinus taeda L.)心材进行了生物降解和微尺度处理。:(Fr.) P. Karsten分离物136和枯草芽孢杆菌UTB22。将尺寸为50 mm × 25 mm × 15 mm (L × T × R)的干燥标本与微生物在(23±2)℃和(65±5)%的相对湿度下培养6周。将对照木块和暴露木块用含1%荧光染料(荧光素)的水加压处理，在荧光显微镜下观察其可处理性。在孵育期结束时，还测定了试件的纵向和切向透气性以及平行于颗粒的抗压强度。扫描电镜(SEM)研究表明，枯草芽孢杆菌UTB22的降解仅限于胞穴膜，玻璃体芽孢杆菌对细胞壁也有一定程度的降解。与细菌相比，真菌造成的质量损失更大，而细菌的渗透性增强能力更明显。荧光染料示踪也显示枯草芽孢杆菌UTB22具有较高的处理能力和较强的均匀性。这两种微生物处理能力的提高主要是由于对早木管胞的降解。
{"title":"Biodegradation and Micro- Scale Treatability Pattern of Loblolly Pine Heartwood Bioincised by Bacillus Subtilis and Physisporinus Vitreus","authors":"Ismaeil Zahedi Tajrishi, A. Tarmian, R. Oladi, M. Humar, M. Ahmadzadeh","doi":"10.5552/drvind.2021.2034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5552/drvind.2021.2034","url":null,"abstract":"One strategy for improving the treatability of refractory wood species is biological incising, and\u0000its efficiency depends on how the microorganisms modify the porous structure of the wood. Evaluation of the bioincised wood treatability on a micro-scale can thus help to better understand the treatability enhancing mechanisms. In the present study, the biodegradation pattern and micro-scale treatability of Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) heartwood were determined after bioincising with the white-rot fungus Physisporinus vitreus (Pers.: Fr.) P. Karsten isolate 136 and bacterium Bacillus subtilis UTB22. Oven-dried specimens with dimensions of 50 mm × 25 mm × 15 mm (L × T × R) were incubated with the microorganisms at (23±2) °C and (65±5) % relative humidity for six weeks. The control and exposed wood blocks were then pressure treated by 1 % fluorescent dye (fluorescein)-containing water to study the treatability pattern under a fluorescence microscope. The longitudinal and tangential air permeability and compression strength parallel to the grain of the specimens were also determined at the end of the incubation period. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) studies showed that degradation by B. subtilis UTB22 was limited to the pit membranes, but the cell walls were also degraded to some extent by P. vitreus. The fungus caused a higher mass loss compared to the bacterium, whereas the permeability enhancing ability of the bacterium was more pronounced. The fluorescent dye tracer also showed that higher treatability with more uniformity was obtained by B. subtilis UTB22. The improvement in treatability by both microorganisms was mainly due to the degradation of the earlywood tracheids.","PeriodicalId":11427,"journal":{"name":"Drvna Industrija","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45153520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-24DOI: 10.5552/drvind.2021.2037
L. Kozarić, S. Bursać, M. Vojnić Purčar, M. Bešević, Ž. Tekić
The aim of this paper is to present numerical investigations of dynamic characteristics and bending stiffness for cross laminated timber floor panels with and without service openings. Five-layer panels with the outer layers oriented in the longitudinal direction of the panel have been analyzed. In order to explore the full potential of this floor system using a limited number of measurements and structural tests, models based on the finite element method have been proposed, validated against experimental results and then used to investigate the effect of opening position in the floor on main structural performance parameters. The results showed that, when the need for additional service opening appears, a slight decrease of the main structural characteristics of the cross laminated timber floor panels is achievable with an adequate geometrical position of the opening in the floor.
{"title":"Finite Element Analysis of Dynamic Characteristics and Bending Stiffness for Cross Laminated Timber Floor Panels with and without Openings","authors":"L. Kozarić, S. Bursać, M. Vojnić Purčar, M. Bešević, Ž. Tekić","doi":"10.5552/drvind.2021.2037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5552/drvind.2021.2037","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to present numerical investigations of dynamic characteristics and bending stiffness for cross laminated timber floor panels with and without service openings. Five-layer panels with the outer layers oriented in the longitudinal direction of the panel have been analyzed. In order to explore the full potential of this floor system using a limited number of measurements and structural tests, models based on the finite element method have been proposed, validated against experimental results and then used to investigate the effect of opening position in the floor on main structural performance parameters. The results showed that, when the need for additional service opening appears, a slight decrease of the main structural characteristics of the cross laminated timber floor panels is achievable with an adequate geometrical position of the opening in the floor.","PeriodicalId":11427,"journal":{"name":"Drvna Industrija","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43054715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-24DOI: 10.5552/drvind.2021.2044
M. Kariž, Manja Kitek Kuzman, M. Šernek
The influence of artificial ageing on bonded heat-treated spruce lamellas was investigated. Heat-treated spruce lamellas with different degrees of thermal modification were bonded with PVAc and MUF and then exposed to 500 artificial weathering cycles, combined with rain, UV and IR radiation. The colour change of the exposed surface, weight change, delamination of the bonded joints and adhesive bond strength were measured. Artificial weathering caused cracking and delamination of the bonded joints and reduced the bond strength of both adhesives. The results show that delamination was higher for PVAc adhesive than MUF, but increased for both adhesives with the temperature of heat treatment of wood. The shear strength of bonds on the exposed side of the samples after the artificial weathering was lower than the average strength of the whole sample.
{"title":"Effect of Artificial Ageing on Adhesive Bonds from Heat Treated Spruce","authors":"M. Kariž, Manja Kitek Kuzman, M. Šernek","doi":"10.5552/drvind.2021.2044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5552/drvind.2021.2044","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of artificial ageing on bonded heat-treated spruce lamellas was investigated. Heat-treated spruce lamellas with different degrees of thermal modification were bonded with PVAc and MUF and then exposed to 500 artificial weathering cycles, combined with rain, UV and IR radiation. The colour change of the exposed surface, weight change, delamination of the bonded joints and adhesive bond strength were measured. Artificial weathering caused cracking and delamination of the bonded joints and reduced the bond strength of both adhesives. The results show that delamination was higher for PVAc adhesive than MUF, but increased for both adhesives with the temperature of heat treatment of wood. The shear strength of bonds on the exposed side of the samples after the artificial weathering was lower than the average strength of the whole sample.","PeriodicalId":11427,"journal":{"name":"Drvna Industrija","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46970357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-22DOI: 10.5552/drvind.2021.2018
M. Nazerian, Hossin Assadolahpoor Nanaii, E. Vatankhah, M. Koosha
The present article investigates the microstructure of the cement matrices and the products of cement hydration by means of scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-Ray diffraction. Then, the internal bonding strength (IB) is measured for the mixtures containing various amounts of nanosilica (NS), reed and bagasse particles. Finally, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is trained to reproduce these experimental results. The results show that the hardened cement paste including NS features the highest level of C-S-H. However, it has a lower level of C-S-H polymerization if reed or bagasse particles are applied. A relatively new dense microstructural degree is considered in the cement pastes containing NS, and a lower agglomeration is observed in the samples including reed or bagasse particles with NS. According to the microstructural analysis, the addition of NS to the samples containing reed or bagasse particles increases the unhydrated amount of C2S and C3S in the cement paste due to the decrease in the water needed for fully hydrated cement grains through portlandite (Ca(OH)2), C-S-H and ettringite increase. Besides, it is shown that the ANN prediction model is a useful, reliable and quite effective tool for modeling IB of cement-bonded particleboard (CBPB). It is indicated that the mean absolute percentage errors (MAPE) are 1.98 % and 1.45 % in the prediction of the IB values for the training and testing datasets, respectively. The determination coeffi cients (R2) of the training and testing data sets are 0.972 and 0.997 in the prediction of the bonding strength by ANN, respectively.
{"title":"Performance of ANN in Predicting Internal Bonding of Cement Particleboard Manufactured from Giant Reed and Bagasse","authors":"M. Nazerian, Hossin Assadolahpoor Nanaii, E. Vatankhah, M. Koosha","doi":"10.5552/drvind.2021.2018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5552/drvind.2021.2018","url":null,"abstract":"The present article investigates the microstructure of the cement matrices and the products of cement hydration by means of scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-Ray diffraction. Then, the internal bonding strength (IB) is measured for the mixtures containing various amounts of nanosilica (NS), reed and bagasse particles. Finally, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is trained to reproduce these experimental results. The results show that the hardened cement paste including NS features the highest level of C-S-H. However, it has a lower level of C-S-H polymerization if reed or bagasse particles are applied. A relatively new dense microstructural degree is considered in the cement pastes containing NS, and a lower agglomeration is observed in the samples including reed or bagasse particles with NS. According to the microstructural analysis, the addition of NS to the samples containing reed or bagasse particles increases the unhydrated amount of C2S and C3S in the cement paste due to the decrease in the water needed for fully hydrated cement grains through portlandite (Ca(OH)2), C-S-H and ettringite increase. Besides, it is shown that the ANN prediction model is a useful, reliable and quite effective tool for modeling IB of cement-bonded particleboard (CBPB). It is indicated that the mean absolute percentage errors (MAPE) are 1.98 % and 1.45 % in the prediction of the IB values for the training and testing datasets, respectively. The determination coeffi cients (R2) of the training and testing data sets are 0.972 and 0.997 in the prediction of the bonding strength by ANN, respectively.","PeriodicalId":11427,"journal":{"name":"Drvna Industrija","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44005712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-22DOI: 10.5552/drvind.2021.1971
K. Karakuş, D. Aydemir, G. Gunduz, F. Mengeloglu
This study investigated the effect of untreated and heat-treated ash and black pine wood flour concentrations on the selected properties of high density polyethylene (HDPE) composites. HDPE and wood flour were used as thermoplastic matrix and filler, respectively. The blends of HDPE and wood fl our were compounded using single screw extruder and test samples were prepared through injection molding. Mechanical properties like tensile strength (TS), tensile modulus (TM), elongation at break (EatB), fl exural strength (FS), fl exural modulus (FM) and impact strength (IS) of manufactured composites were determined. Wood fl our concentrations have significantly increased density, FS, TM and FM and hardness of composites while reducing TS, EatB and IS. Heat-treated ash and black pine fl our reinforced HDPE composites had higher mechanical properties than untreated ones. Composites showed two main decomposition peaks; one coming from ash wood flour (353-370 °C) and black pine wood fl our (373-376 °C), the second one from HDPE degradation (469-490 °C). SEM images showed improved dispersion of heat-treated ash and black pine wood flour. The obtained results showed that both the untreated and heat-treated ash/black pine wood flour have an important potential in the manufacture of HDPE composites.
{"title":"Heat-Treated Wood Reinforced High Density Polyethylene Composites","authors":"K. Karakuş, D. Aydemir, G. Gunduz, F. Mengeloglu","doi":"10.5552/drvind.2021.1971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5552/drvind.2021.1971","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the effect of untreated and heat-treated ash and black pine wood flour concentrations on the selected properties of high density polyethylene (HDPE) composites. HDPE and wood flour were used as thermoplastic matrix and filler, respectively. The blends of HDPE and wood fl our were compounded using single screw extruder and test samples were prepared through injection molding. Mechanical properties like tensile strength (TS), tensile modulus (TM), elongation at break (EatB), fl exural strength (FS), fl exural modulus (FM) and impact strength (IS) of manufactured composites were determined. Wood fl our concentrations have significantly increased density, FS, TM and FM and hardness of composites while reducing TS, EatB and IS. Heat-treated ash and black pine fl our reinforced HDPE composites had higher mechanical properties than untreated ones. Composites showed two main decomposition peaks; one coming from ash wood flour (353-370 °C) and black pine wood fl our (373-376 °C), the second one from HDPE degradation (469-490 °C). SEM images showed improved dispersion of heat-treated ash and black pine wood flour. The obtained results showed that both the untreated and heat-treated ash/black pine wood flour have an important potential in the manufacture of HDPE composites.","PeriodicalId":11427,"journal":{"name":"Drvna Industrija","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48296762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-22DOI: 10.5552/drvind.2021.2005
Uğur Bilgin, G. Colakoglu
Formaldehyde-based adhesives are used in the forestry industry. This is because formaldehyde is inexpensive, easy to use and resistant to moisture; it also has particular mechanical effects. Formaldehyde has both advantages and disadvantages. It is known that various diseases such as lung cancer occur in humans as a result of the release of formaldehyde into the air during and after board production. In this study, a urea formaldehyde glue mixture was prepared by using four different fillers (extract of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) and elm (Ulmus glabra) bark, extract of hazelnut (Corylus avellana) husk and acorn tannins) at two different ratios. The bonding shear strength of pine (Pinus sylvestris) and spruce (Picea orientalis) plywood produced with urea formaldehyde adhesive was tested according to EN 314-1 standard. All plywood, except the plywood with acorn tannin, met the requirements of the standard. A formaldehyde emission test of the plywood was carried out in accordance with EN 713-3 standard. With this approach, it is possible to quickly determine formaldehyde emissions. Experimental results were obtained for subsequent measurements, including chamber tests. It was observed that the elm bark extract reduced the formaldehyde emission of pine plywood by 40 %, while other fillers reduced it by 3-37 %.
{"title":"Effect of Using Urea Formaldehyde Modified with Extracts in Plywood on Formaldehyde Emission","authors":"Uğur Bilgin, G. Colakoglu","doi":"10.5552/drvind.2021.2005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5552/drvind.2021.2005","url":null,"abstract":"Formaldehyde-based adhesives are used in the forestry industry. This is because formaldehyde is inexpensive, easy to use and resistant to moisture; it also has particular mechanical effects. Formaldehyde has both advantages and disadvantages. It is known that various diseases such as lung cancer occur in humans as a result of the release of formaldehyde into the air during and after board production. In this study, a urea formaldehyde glue mixture was prepared by using four different fillers (extract of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) and elm (Ulmus glabra) bark, extract of hazelnut (Corylus avellana) husk and acorn tannins) at two different ratios. The bonding shear strength of pine (Pinus sylvestris) and spruce (Picea orientalis) plywood produced with urea formaldehyde adhesive was tested according to EN 314-1 standard. All plywood, except the plywood with acorn tannin, met the requirements of the standard. A formaldehyde emission test of the plywood was carried out in accordance with EN 713-3 standard. With this approach, it is possible to quickly determine formaldehyde emissions. Experimental results were obtained for subsequent measurements, including chamber tests. It was observed that the elm bark extract reduced the formaldehyde emission of pine plywood by 40 %, while other fillers reduced it by 3-37 %.","PeriodicalId":11427,"journal":{"name":"Drvna Industrija","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46574071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-22DOI: 10.5552/drvind.2021.2023
Helena Biljuš, M. Sertić
Republika Hrvatska kao punopravna članica Europske unije trenutačno sudjeluje u energetskoj tranziciji, odnosno u procesu dekarbonizacije gospodarstva transformacijom energetskog sektora u kojemu obnovljivi izvori energije zamjenjuju fosilna goriva. U tom procesu biomasa kao najsloženiji oblik obnovljive energije ima važnu ulogu s obzirom na brojne pozitivne okolišne i ekonomsko-socijalne aspekte uporabe. Sukladno ciljevima EU-a, Hrvatska je ostvarila potrebnih 20 % udjela proizvodnje iz obnovljivih izvora, no udio proizvodnje energije iz biomase još nije zadovoljavajući. Najiskorištavaniji izvor biomase jest kruta biomasa, posebice peleti, proizvođači kojih su izvozno orijentirani. Unatoč tome, Hrvatska još uvijek ovisi o uvozu biomase, kao i sve članice EU-a. Stoga je za unapređenje proizvodnje i potrošnje energije od biomase potrebna sinergija i zajedničko djelovanje svih sudionika energetskog sektora, a donositelji odluka odgovarajućim mjerama trebaju stvoriti preduvjete za razvoj tržišta biomase. U ovom se radu na temelju analize tržišta biomase te njezine uloge u nacionalnim i europskim energetskim politikama analizira trenutačni položaj i značenje biomase u energetskoj tranziciji Hrvatske. Na temelju provedenog istraživanja može se zaključiti da je jasno vidljiv pomak prema niskougljičnoj energetici, u čemu upravo biomasa ima važnu ulogu, iako je stopa upotrebe biomase u Hrvatskoj još uvijek ispod ambicioznog scenarija koji predviđa EU.
{"title":"Potencijal i uloga biomase u hrvatskoj i europskoj energetskoj tranziciji","authors":"Helena Biljuš, M. Sertić","doi":"10.5552/drvind.2021.2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5552/drvind.2021.2023","url":null,"abstract":"Republika Hrvatska kao punopravna članica Europske unije trenutačno sudjeluje u energetskoj tranziciji, odnosno u procesu dekarbonizacije gospodarstva transformacijom energetskog sektora u kojemu obnovljivi izvori energije zamjenjuju fosilna goriva. U tom procesu biomasa kao najsloženiji oblik obnovljive energije ima važnu ulogu s obzirom na brojne pozitivne okolišne i ekonomsko-socijalne aspekte uporabe. Sukladno ciljevima EU-a, Hrvatska je ostvarila potrebnih 20 % udjela proizvodnje iz obnovljivih izvora, no udio proizvodnje energije iz biomase još nije zadovoljavajući. Najiskorištavaniji izvor biomase jest kruta biomasa, posebice peleti, proizvođači kojih su izvozno orijentirani. Unatoč tome, Hrvatska još uvijek ovisi o uvozu biomase, kao i sve članice EU-a. Stoga je za unapređenje proizvodnje i potrošnje energije od biomase potrebna sinergija i zajedničko djelovanje svih sudionika energetskog sektora, a donositelji odluka odgovarajućim mjerama trebaju stvoriti preduvjete za razvoj tržišta biomase. U ovom se radu na temelju analize tržišta biomase te njezine uloge u nacionalnim i europskim energetskim politikama analizira trenutačni položaj i značenje biomase u energetskoj tranziciji Hrvatske. Na temelju provedenog istraživanja može se zaključiti da je jasno vidljiv pomak prema niskougljičnoj energetici, u čemu upravo biomasa ima važnu ulogu, iako je stopa upotrebe biomase u Hrvatskoj još uvijek ispod ambicioznog scenarija koji predviđa EU.","PeriodicalId":11427,"journal":{"name":"Drvna Industrija","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44586410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-22DOI: 10.5552/drvind.2021.2019
B. Moezzipour, Aida Moezzipour
Today, recycling is becoming increasingly important. In recycling process, the product performance should also be considered. In this study, manufacturing insulation fiberboard, as a practical wood product from recycled fibers, was investigated. For this purpose, two types of waste (MDF wastes and waste paper) were recycled to fibers and used for producing insulation fiberboards. The target fiberboard density was 0.3 g/cm3. The ratio of waste paper to MDF waste recycled fibers (WP/RF) was considered at two levels of 70/30 and 50/50. Polyvinyl acetate adhesive was used as a variable in the board manufacturing process. The mechanical properties, dimensional stability, thermal conductivity, and fire resistance of the boards were evaluated. Besides, the thermal stability of fiberboards was studied using thermal analysis including thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The results showed that the insulation fiberboards had admissible mechanical properties and dimensional stability. The manufactured boards displayed low thermal conductivity, which proved to be well competitive with other insulation materials. The fiberboards manufactured with PVAc adhesive and WP/RF ratio of 50/50 had higher fire resistance compared to other treatments. Additionally, results of thermal analysis showed that the use of PVAc adhesive and WP/RF ratio of 50/50 leads to improved thermal stability. Overall, the recycled fibers from MDF and paper wastes appear to be appropriate raw materials for manufacturing thermal insulation panels, and use of PVAc adhesive can significantly improve thermal and practical properties of insulation fiberboards.
{"title":"Thermal Behavior of Insulation Fiberboards Made from MDF and Paper Wastes","authors":"B. Moezzipour, Aida Moezzipour","doi":"10.5552/drvind.2021.2019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5552/drvind.2021.2019","url":null,"abstract":"Today, recycling is becoming increasingly important. In recycling process, the product performance should also be considered. In this study, manufacturing insulation fiberboard, as a practical wood product from recycled fibers, was investigated. For this purpose, two types of waste (MDF wastes and waste paper) were recycled to fibers and used for producing insulation fiberboards. The target fiberboard density was 0.3 g/cm3. The ratio of waste paper to MDF waste recycled fibers (WP/RF) was considered at two levels of 70/30 and 50/50. Polyvinyl acetate adhesive was used as a variable in the board manufacturing process. The mechanical properties, dimensional stability, thermal conductivity, and fire resistance of the boards were evaluated. Besides, the thermal stability of fiberboards was studied using thermal analysis including thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The results showed that the insulation fiberboards had admissible mechanical properties and dimensional stability. The manufactured boards displayed low thermal conductivity, which proved to be well competitive with other insulation materials. The fiberboards manufactured with PVAc adhesive and WP/RF ratio of 50/50 had higher fire resistance compared to other treatments. Additionally, results of thermal analysis showed that the use of PVAc adhesive and WP/RF ratio of 50/50 leads to improved thermal stability. Overall, the recycled fibers from MDF and paper wastes appear to be appropriate raw materials for manufacturing thermal insulation panels, and use of PVAc adhesive can significantly improve thermal and practical properties of insulation fiberboards.","PeriodicalId":11427,"journal":{"name":"Drvna Industrija","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47410733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-22DOI: 10.5552/drvind.2021.2029
Jakub Kawalerczyk, D. Dziurka, R. Mirski, J. Siuda, M. Babicka
The possibility of using nanocellulose (NCC) as a filling substance for melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF) adhesive was investigated for the process of manufacturing plywood. The adhesive mixtures were prepared with various nanocellulose concentrations. The amount of introduced filler had a significant effect on both resin and plywood characteristics. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) did not show any major changes between experimental and reference variants. The viscosity of resin increased after the introduction of nanocellulose. The addition of NCC in the amount of 5 g and 10 g per 100 g of solid resin led to an improvement in bonding quality, modulus of elasticity and bending strength. Further increase of NCC concentration caused a deterioration of manufactured plywood properties. In summary, the addition of proper amount of nanocellulose resulted in manufacturing plywood with improved properties.
{"title":"Possibility of Use of NCC-Reinforced Melamine-Urea- Formaldehyde Adhesive in Plywood Manufacturing","authors":"Jakub Kawalerczyk, D. Dziurka, R. Mirski, J. Siuda, M. Babicka","doi":"10.5552/drvind.2021.2029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5552/drvind.2021.2029","url":null,"abstract":"The possibility of using nanocellulose (NCC) as a filling substance for melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF) adhesive was investigated for the process of manufacturing plywood. The adhesive mixtures were prepared with various nanocellulose concentrations. The amount of introduced filler had a significant effect on both resin and plywood characteristics. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) did not show any major changes between experimental and reference variants. The viscosity of resin increased after the introduction of nanocellulose. The addition of NCC in the amount of 5 g and 10 g per 100 g of solid resin led to an improvement in bonding quality, modulus of elasticity and bending strength. Further increase of NCC concentration caused a deterioration of manufactured plywood properties. In summary, the addition of proper amount of nanocellulose resulted in manufacturing plywood with improved properties.","PeriodicalId":11427,"journal":{"name":"Drvna Industrija","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48616373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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