Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.31252/RPSO.01.08.2020
M. Santos
Introduction / background / objectives The Tattoo sector is still little addressed in the context of Occupational Health. There are many documents about Risk for tattooed clients, but the information is scarce in relation to the Tattooist. The bibliography found in this sense is not exhaustive, it just gives a general idea of some Labor Risks, with no quantitative assessment, much less hierarchical. Methodology After conducting a Review related to Risk Assessment methods and after the elaboration of a Risk Letter from a Tattoo studio, three methods were selected: MARAT (Methodology for Assessment of Risks and Accidents at Work) , William Fine (WF) and MIAR (Integrated Method for Risk Assessment), due to the ease of access to information on how to use them, suitability for the sector and facility; these were applied to 68 risk factors included in the highlighted work tasks. Content The main tasks considered in the Tattoo workstations observed were: making the drawing on paper or on the skin; or select the design to put on the skin, from the computer; insert the design on decal sheets; shave the skin; disinfect/ sterilize the skin; transfer the design of the decal sheet to the skin; prepare the workbench with the necessary utensils and products; paint the skin using the tattoo machine; wipe off uninjected and excess ink from the skin; placing various chemicals on the skin during the tattoo (variable among professionals); help the client in case of lipothymia or syncope (if necessary); as well as cleaning/ disinfecting/ sterilizing surfaces and work instruments. Conclusions Although the three methods value different aspects, it was very interesting to verify the homogeneity of the results, that is, the MARAT technique marked eight items as belonging to the category of highest risk; the WF methodology and MIAR highlighted seven and nine, respectively. Among the three methods, there were six risk factors that were included in the highest risk category, namely the eventual contact with chemical agents, sharp objects and blood potentially contaminated with relevant microorganisms during the act of inserting pigment in the skin, as well as during the cleaning of the skin (of the excess pigment, between injections). Only the MIAR method indicated two items that the other techniques did not include in this category (namely the eventual contact with blood during the cleaning/ disinfection/ sterilization of work surfaces and work instruments), which the MARAT and William Fine technicians both placed in the second and third category, respectively. The method that most valued the worker’s risk factors in general was MIAR (nine items in the highest risk category and thirty-seven in the lowest risk category), the opposite being William Fine (seven items in the risk category) highest and forty-six in the lowest risk).
介绍/背景/目标在职业健康的背景下，纹身部门仍然很少被提及。有很多关于纹身客户风险的文件，但是关于纹身师的信息很少。在这种意义上发现的参考书目并不详尽，它只是给出了一些劳动风险的一般概念，没有定量评估，更没有层次。在进行了与风险评估方法相关的审查并详细阐述了纹身工作室的风险信函之后，选择了三种方法:MARAT(工作风险和事故评估方法)，William Fine (WF)和MIAR(风险评估综合方法)，因为易于获取有关如何使用它们的信息，适合该部门和设施;这些被应用于68个风险因素，包括在突出的工作任务中。观察到的纹身工作站主要考虑的任务是:在纸上或皮肤上绘制;或选择设计放在皮肤上，从电脑;在贴花纸上插入图案;刮干净皮肤;对皮肤进行消毒;将贴花片的设计转移到皮肤上;工作台准备好必要的用具和产品;使用纹身机给皮肤上漆;擦去皮肤上未注射和多余的墨水;在纹身过程中，在皮肤上涂抹各种化学物质(专业人士之间有所不同);如病人出现脂肪不足或晕厥(如有必要)，应给予帮助;以及清洁/消毒/消毒表面和工作仪器。虽然这三种方法所看重的方面不同，但验证结果的同质性是非常有趣的，即MARAT技术将8个项目标记为属于最高风险类别;世界自然基金会的方法和MIAR分别强调了7个和9个。在这三种方法中，有六个风险因素被列入最高风险类别，即在向皮肤插入色素的过程中，以及在注射之间清洗皮肤(多余的色素)过程中，最终接触到化学试剂、尖锐物体和可能被相关微生物污染的血液。只有MIAR方法指出了其他技术不包括在这一类中的两个项目(即在工作表面和工作仪器的清洁/消毒/灭菌过程中最终与血液接触)，MARAT和William Fine技术人员分别将其列为第二类和第三类。一般来说，最重视工人风险因素的方法是MIAR(最高风险类别中的9项和最低风险类别中的37项)，相反的是William Fine(风险类别中的7项)最高和最低风险类别中的46项)。
{"title":"Avaliação de Riscos no Setor da Tatuagem: podem utilizar-se os Métodos MARAT, William Fine e MIAR?","authors":"M. Santos","doi":"10.31252/RPSO.01.08.2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31252/RPSO.01.08.2020","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction / background / objectives The Tattoo sector is still little addressed in the context of Occupational Health. There are many documents about Risk for tattooed clients, but the information is scarce in relation to the Tattooist. The bibliography found in this sense is not exhaustive, it just gives a general idea of some Labor Risks, with no quantitative assessment, much less hierarchical. Methodology After conducting a Review related to Risk Assessment methods and after the elaboration of a Risk Letter from a Tattoo studio, three methods were selected: MARAT (Methodology for Assessment of Risks and Accidents at Work) , William Fine (WF) and MIAR (Integrated Method for Risk Assessment), due to the ease of access to information on how to use them, suitability for the sector and facility; these were applied to 68 risk factors included in the highlighted work tasks. Content The main tasks considered in the Tattoo workstations observed were: making the drawing on paper or on the skin; or select the design to put on the skin, from the computer; insert the design on decal sheets; shave the skin; disinfect/ sterilize the skin; transfer the design of the decal sheet to the skin; prepare the workbench with the necessary utensils and products; paint the skin using the tattoo machine; wipe off uninjected and excess ink from the skin; placing various chemicals on the skin during the tattoo (variable among professionals); help the client in case of lipothymia or syncope (if necessary); as well as cleaning/ disinfecting/ sterilizing surfaces and work instruments. Conclusions Although the three methods value different aspects, it was very interesting to verify the homogeneity of the results, that is, the MARAT technique marked eight items as belonging to the category of highest risk; the WF methodology and MIAR highlighted seven and nine, respectively. Among the three methods, there were six risk factors that were included in the highest risk category, namely the eventual contact with chemical agents, sharp objects and blood potentially contaminated with relevant microorganisms during the act of inserting pigment in the skin, as well as during the cleaning of the skin (of the excess pigment, between injections). Only the MIAR method indicated two items that the other techniques did not include in this category (namely the eventual contact with blood during the cleaning/ disinfection/ sterilization of work surfaces and work instruments), which the MARAT and William Fine technicians both placed in the second and third category, respectively. The method that most valued the worker’s risk factors in general was MIAR (nine items in the highest risk category and thirty-seven in the lowest risk category), the opposite being William Fine (seven items in the risk category) highest and forty-six in the lowest risk).","PeriodicalId":114994,"journal":{"name":"Revista Portuguesa de Saúde Ocupacional","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125932664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.31252/RPSO.08.08.2020
M. Santos
Introduction/ background/ objectives Given that the Tattoo sector is still poorly studied in the context of Occupational Health, the aim of this work was to briefly assess the sector’s Ergonomic Risk, special because in complex and/ or extensive/ time-consuming Tattoos, the professional may need to perform his work with forced/ maintained postures and repetitive movements, for prolonged periods and, in some cases, protection measures are not always properly developed. Methodology After listing the main generic tasks in the Tattoo sector, two methods for summary ergonomic analysis were applied: OWAS (Ovaco Working Analysis System) and REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment). Content Due to the OWAS method, it was found that the initial tasks (drawing the pattern on paper or looking for the pattern on the computer and transferring it to decal sheets) obtained the lowest levels of risk (that is, 1); all other tasks considered reached Action Level 2, except for the possibility of the Tattooist having to help the client in the case of syncope/ lipothymia and, in view of the posture/ load bearing, obtained a rating of 4. However, when weighted with the time that each task usually occupies in percentage, in relation to the work shift, the situation has changed, that is, that Action Level 4 disappeared because the Tattoo Artist would be able to put himself and the client, in a few seconds or, at most, a few minutes, in a less forced posture and without load support. In addition, about half of Action Levels 2 went to 1, remaining in that stages the tasks of drawing the pattern to tattoo directly on the skin, injecting pigment into the skin, cleaning the excess pigment and applying other chemical agents to the skin remaining at the first value, as well as the cleaning/ disinfection / sterilization of work surfaces and work tools (also including their accommodation). In turn, the REBA methodology gave rise to different results. None of the tasks considered had Action Level 0 and only one had the highest level, that is, 4 (helping the client in case of lipothymia/ syncope). At Action Level 2, the tasks considered were shave, disinfect/ sterilize the skin, transfer the decal sheet, put chemical agents on the skin during the tattoo and clean/ disinfect/ sterilize work surfaces. On the other hand, at Action Level 3, there remains the alternative task of drawing the pattern that will be tattooed directly on the skin, inserting the designs on the decal sheets, preparing the workbench/ work tray, injecting the pigment into the skin, cleaning the skin of the excess pigment and clean/ disinfect/ sterilize/ accommodate the work instruments. Conclusions It was noticed that the OWAS methodology was able to better value the risk, considering the time that this task occupies, when compared to the REBA technique. Overall, the different results would eventually be attenuated if these major tasks were subdivided into subtasks, considering movement by movement; however, this wou
{"title":"Avaliação Ergonómica das tarefas executadas no Setor da Tatuagem: podem usar-se os Métodos OWAS e REBA?","authors":"M. Santos","doi":"10.31252/RPSO.08.08.2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31252/RPSO.08.08.2020","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction/ background/ objectives Given that the Tattoo sector is still poorly studied in the context of Occupational Health, the aim of this work was to briefly assess the sector’s Ergonomic Risk, special because in complex and/ or extensive/ time-consuming Tattoos, the professional may need to perform his work with forced/ maintained postures and repetitive movements, for prolonged periods and, in some cases, protection measures are not always properly developed. Methodology After listing the main generic tasks in the Tattoo sector, two methods for summary ergonomic analysis were applied: OWAS (Ovaco Working Analysis System) and REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment). Content Due to the OWAS method, it was found that the initial tasks (drawing the pattern on paper or looking for the pattern on the computer and transferring it to decal sheets) obtained the lowest levels of risk (that is, 1); all other tasks considered reached Action Level 2, except for the possibility of the Tattooist having to help the client in the case of syncope/ lipothymia and, in view of the posture/ load bearing, obtained a rating of 4. However, when weighted with the time that each task usually occupies in percentage, in relation to the work shift, the situation has changed, that is, that Action Level 4 disappeared because the Tattoo Artist would be able to put himself and the client, in a few seconds or, at most, a few minutes, in a less forced posture and without load support. In addition, about half of Action Levels 2 went to 1, remaining in that stages the tasks of drawing the pattern to tattoo directly on the skin, injecting pigment into the skin, cleaning the excess pigment and applying other chemical agents to the skin remaining at the first value, as well as the cleaning/ disinfection / sterilization of work surfaces and work tools (also including their accommodation). In turn, the REBA methodology gave rise to different results. None of the tasks considered had Action Level 0 and only one had the highest level, that is, 4 (helping the client in case of lipothymia/ syncope). At Action Level 2, the tasks considered were shave, disinfect/ sterilize the skin, transfer the decal sheet, put chemical agents on the skin during the tattoo and clean/ disinfect/ sterilize work surfaces. On the other hand, at Action Level 3, there remains the alternative task of drawing the pattern that will be tattooed directly on the skin, inserting the designs on the decal sheets, preparing the workbench/ work tray, injecting the pigment into the skin, cleaning the skin of the excess pigment and clean/ disinfect/ sterilize/ accommodate the work instruments. Conclusions It was noticed that the OWAS methodology was able to better value the risk, considering the time that this task occupies, when compared to the REBA technique. Overall, the different results would eventually be attenuated if these major tasks were subdivided into subtasks, considering movement by movement; however, this wou","PeriodicalId":114994,"journal":{"name":"Revista Portuguesa de Saúde Ocupacional","volume":"47 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128559864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.31252/RPSO.05.09.2020
Mónica Santos, A. Almeida, Catarina Lopes, T. Oliveira
Introduction/ background/ objectives The possibility of doing work at home dates back several centuries; however, technological development has allowed for the creation of new jobs based on it and eventually fully executed outside the employer’s premises. In addition, the pandemic situation associated with SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19) has encouraged many institutions to initiate or intensify telework. The purpose of this review was to summarize the most relevant data about the topic, in the context of Occupational Health. Methodology This is a Review, initiated through a survey conducted in April 2020, in the databases “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina, SCOPUS and RCAAP”. Content Telework is working at home, or at least outside the employer’s conventional facilities, but in a previously stipulated and approved location, using technology. In this review, data on the historical evolution of the work were summarized, highlighting the various Industrial Revolutions. Some national and especially international statistics were also included in the context of Telework. The main sub-types of Telework are also briefly described and what are the desirable characteristics in teleworkers and telemanagers. Finally, the main advantages and disadvantages mentioned in the consulted bibliography are highlighted. Conclusions Generally speaking, the perception of advantages and disadvantages depends on the employee’s characteristics (such as personality, flexibility, autonomy, competence, need for socialization, posture and commitment to work); characteristics of the employer (management, malleability, valorization of human resources, means and procedures); the tasks themselves (ease or not of being teleworked); family characteristics (number of elements, age of children and relational quality); the household (size, lighting, furniture, equipment, area exclusive or not for the Telework); traffic, pollution and urban safety; as well as consequences for the relationship with the company, work and personal life (family and society); that is, the same aspect can be considered both an advantage and a disadvantage, depending on the global context. Furthermore, in reality, Telework has such a diversity of conditions and characteristics, that consensus conclusions are not possible. It is necessary for each institution to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of inserting the Telework and, if it decides to proceed, have a sense of what are the factors that can enhance and compromise the success of the project.
{"title":"Teletrabalho na perspectiva da Saúde Ocupacional","authors":"Mónica Santos, A. Almeida, Catarina Lopes, T. Oliveira","doi":"10.31252/RPSO.05.09.2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31252/RPSO.05.09.2020","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction/ background/ objectives The possibility of doing work at home dates back several centuries; however, technological development has allowed for the creation of new jobs based on it and eventually fully executed outside the employer’s premises. In addition, the pandemic situation associated with SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19) has encouraged many institutions to initiate or intensify telework. The purpose of this review was to summarize the most relevant data about the topic, in the context of Occupational Health. Methodology This is a Review, initiated through a survey conducted in April 2020, in the databases “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina, SCOPUS and RCAAP”. Content Telework is working at home, or at least outside the employer’s conventional facilities, but in a previously stipulated and approved location, using technology. In this review, data on the historical evolution of the work were summarized, highlighting the various Industrial Revolutions. Some national and especially international statistics were also included in the context of Telework. The main sub-types of Telework are also briefly described and what are the desirable characteristics in teleworkers and telemanagers. Finally, the main advantages and disadvantages mentioned in the consulted bibliography are highlighted. Conclusions Generally speaking, the perception of advantages and disadvantages depends on the employee’s characteristics (such as personality, flexibility, autonomy, competence, need for socialization, posture and commitment to work); characteristics of the employer (management, malleability, valorization of human resources, means and procedures); the tasks themselves (ease or not of being teleworked); family characteristics (number of elements, age of children and relational quality); the household (size, lighting, furniture, equipment, area exclusive or not for the Telework); traffic, pollution and urban safety; as well as consequences for the relationship with the company, work and personal life (family and society); that is, the same aspect can be considered both an advantage and a disadvantage, depending on the global context. Furthermore, in reality, Telework has such a diversity of conditions and characteristics, that consensus conclusions are not possible. It is necessary for each institution to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of inserting the Telework and, if it decides to proceed, have a sense of what are the factors that can enhance and compromise the success of the project.","PeriodicalId":114994,"journal":{"name":"Revista Portuguesa de Saúde Ocupacional","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134257114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.31252/RPSO.04.01.2020
Mónica Santos, A. Almeida
Introduction and objective The authors aimed to collect and summarize all the information they found on the subject, as a starting point for other projects that are considered pertinent in the context of the occupational health of these professionals. The main risks associated with Cadmium are distributed through diverse medical contexts (although with different consensos) in neurology, cardiovascular system, reproduction/ obstetrics, pediatrics, nephrology, oncology, pulmonology, ophthalmology, gastrointestinal tract, endocrinology and orthopedics/ rheumatology. Methodology This scoping review used search engines as PubMed; Web of Science; Science Direct; Academic Search Complete; CINALH; MedLine; Database of Abstracts and Reviews; Central Register of Controlled Trials; Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; Nursing and Allied Health Collection; MedicLatina and RCAAP. Content or Results In this professional context, one document was found mentioning that in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries pigments associated with cadmium, although toxic, but still used today, were discovered; the most relevant are (in frequency and toxicity) yellow and red cadmium, used since 1820 and 1910, respectively. Another article emphasized that during the 19th century yellow pigments were created with cadmium sulphide, and this color also depended on the addition of elements such as zinc, selenium and barium. Discussion There is so little bibliography on Cadmium’s medical risks in Conservators-Restorers that the authors have chosen to include in this section some data regarding other professionals who may also contact with this agent. Among these, the artists who elaborate (or have elaborated in the past) works of art with pigments with Cadmium, may be the most adequate, although also on these the bibliography is very reduced. It is believed that famous painters were exposed, namely Rubens, Renoir, Duffy and Klee. Limitations The authors made efforts to make their research exhaustive but, once completed, they realized that they did not find relevant data on Cadmium dosing in Conservation and Restoration workplaces in general, nor did they indicate which techniques may be used or which are preferable, such as biological monitoring. No evaluation of the associated risk was found for this professionals. Collective or individual protection measures were not mentioned in the bibliography consulted (even in generic terms, let alone specifying models and/ or materials). Conclusions It has long been known that concrete and serious harm is associated with Cadmium. However, the Conservation and Restoration sector is still very little studied in the context of Occupational Health and the risks of eventual contact with Cadmium are no exception. It would be very pertinent to have motivated teams to study this sector and to fill some of the limitations found, not developed in the international literature.
作者的目的是收集和总结他们发现的关于这一主题的所有信息，作为在这些专业人员的职业健康背景下被认为相关的其他项目的起点。与镉相关的主要风险分布在神经病学、心血管系统、生殖/产科、儿科、肾脏病学、肿瘤学、肺病学、眼科、胃肠道、内分泌学和骨科/风湿病学等不同的医学背景中(尽管有不同的共识)。本综述使用PubMed等搜索引擎;Web of Science;科学指引;学术搜索完成;CINALH;MedLine;摘要与综述数据库;对照试验中央登记;Cochrane系统评价数据库;护理和联合健康收集;拉丁医学协会和RCAAP。内容或结果在这一专业背景下，发现的一份文件提到，在18和19世纪发现了与镉有关的颜料，虽然有毒，但至今仍在使用;最相关的是(在频率和毒性方面)黄镉和红镉，分别从1820年和1910年开始使用。另一篇文章强调，在19世纪，黄色颜料是用硫化镉制成的，这种颜色也依赖于锌、硒和钡等元素的添加。关于修复者-修复者镉的医疗风险的参考文献很少，因此作者选择在本节中包括一些关于其他可能接触这种物质的专业人员的数据。在这些艺术家中，用镉颜料制作(或曾经制作过)艺术作品的艺术家可能是最充分的，尽管关于这些作品的参考书目也非常少。据信有著名画家被曝光，即鲁本斯、雷诺阿、达菲和克利。作者努力使他们的研究详尽无遗，但一旦完成，他们意识到他们没有找到有关保护和恢复工作场所镉剂量的相关数据，也没有指出可以使用哪种技术或哪种技术更可取，例如生物监测。没有对这些专业人员的相关风险进行评估。在查阅的参考书目中没有提到集体或个人保护措施(即使是一般术语，更不用说具体说明型号和/或材料)。人们早就知道镉对混凝土的危害及其严重。然而，在职业健康的背景下，对保护和恢复部门的研究仍然很少，最终接触镉的风险也不例外。有积极性的小组来研究这一部门，填补国际文献中没有发现的一些限制，将是非常恰当的。
{"title":"Danos Ocupacionais associados ao Cádmio, com ênfase no setor da Conservação e Restauro de Obras de Arte","authors":"Mónica Santos, A. Almeida","doi":"10.31252/RPSO.04.01.2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31252/RPSO.04.01.2020","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and objective The authors aimed to collect and summarize all the information they found on the subject, as a starting point for other projects that are considered pertinent in the context of the occupational health of these professionals. The main risks associated with Cadmium are distributed through diverse medical contexts (although with different consensos) in neurology, cardiovascular system, reproduction/ obstetrics, pediatrics, nephrology, oncology, pulmonology, ophthalmology, gastrointestinal tract, endocrinology and orthopedics/ rheumatology. Methodology This scoping review used search engines as PubMed; Web of Science; Science Direct; Academic Search Complete; CINALH; MedLine; Database of Abstracts and Reviews; Central Register of Controlled Trials; Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; Nursing and Allied Health Collection; MedicLatina and RCAAP. Content or Results In this professional context, one document was found mentioning that in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries pigments associated with cadmium, although toxic, but still used today, were discovered; the most relevant are (in frequency and toxicity) yellow and red cadmium, used since 1820 and 1910, respectively. Another article emphasized that during the 19th century yellow pigments were created with cadmium sulphide, and this color also depended on the addition of elements such as zinc, selenium and barium. Discussion There is so little bibliography on Cadmium’s medical risks in Conservators-Restorers that the authors have chosen to include in this section some data regarding other professionals who may also contact with this agent. Among these, the artists who elaborate (or have elaborated in the past) works of art with pigments with Cadmium, may be the most adequate, although also on these the bibliography is very reduced. It is believed that famous painters were exposed, namely Rubens, Renoir, Duffy and Klee. Limitations The authors made efforts to make their research exhaustive but, once completed, they realized that they did not find relevant data on Cadmium dosing in Conservation and Restoration workplaces in general, nor did they indicate which techniques may be used or which are preferable, such as biological monitoring. No evaluation of the associated risk was found for this professionals. Collective or individual protection measures were not mentioned in the bibliography consulted (even in generic terms, let alone specifying models and/ or materials). Conclusions It has long been known that concrete and serious harm is associated with Cadmium. However, the Conservation and Restoration sector is still very little studied in the context of Occupational Health and the risks of eventual contact with Cadmium are no exception. It would be very pertinent to have motivated teams to study this sector and to fill some of the limitations found, not developed in the international literature.","PeriodicalId":114994,"journal":{"name":"Revista Portuguesa de Saúde Ocupacional","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123078149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.31252/RPSO.26.09.2020
Álvaro Oliveira, C. Leite, Dantas Rocha, Manuel Morais, J. Bento, Luis Mateus Rocha
INTRODUCTION The novel coronavirus, called SARS-CoV-2, has as its main factor of the disease spreading the transmission between humans. COVID-19 is the name given by the World Health Organization (WHO) to identify the disease caused by this agent. Portugal is currently experiencing the pandemic Mitigation phase, in which, in addition to community transmission, it is assumed that there is local transmission in a closed environment. This disease was recognized by the WHO and by the Portugal Directorate-General of Health as Occupational Disease in a health care environment. OBJECTIVE Evaluate and characterize the presumed cases of occupational disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, among workers with COVID-19, considering the respective interpretation of the causal nexus, individually. METHODS Retrospective, descriptive, observational study (case-series), carried out between march and july 2020 in workers of a Portuguese oncology institute, dedicated to provide care for patients with cancer, reviewing files in the clinical processes of the occupational health service software (UTILSST®). It was considered the infection of workers with SARS-COV-2, as an inclusion criterion. RESULTS 41 workers were diagnosed with COVID-19, with an average age of 43.70 ± 11.63 years. Of these, 87.80% (n= 36) were female. The professional category with the highest infection rate in the institution was the auxiliaries of nursing [46.34%, n= 19], followed by nurses [39.02%, n = 16]. The most affected service was a Medical Oncology Service [31.4%, n= 11]. In the studied population, the prevalence of cases presumed to be Occupational Disease was 80.49% (n= 33). Of these, 48.5% (n= 16) were by direct contact with an infected patient, 30.3% (n = 10) without a known index case, but with a diagnosis obtained in “Disease mitigation phase” and 21.2% (n=7) by contact with an infected worker. In 19.51% (n= 8) of all the cases, no Occupational Disease was presumed, due to contact with an infected index case in a social/ family environment. CONCLUSION The main sources of nosocomial transmission with an assumed causal nexus are patients with COVID-19. It is essential to put into practice and ensure the maintenance of adequate collective and individual protection measures to combat this disease, as well as ensuring a permanent update of the institution’s infection control program so that the risk of exposure is controlled.
{"title":"Em época de Pandemia: Covid-19 como Doença Profissional- a experiência de um Instituto Português de Oncologia","authors":"Álvaro Oliveira, C. Leite, Dantas Rocha, Manuel Morais, J. Bento, Luis Mateus Rocha","doi":"10.31252/RPSO.26.09.2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31252/RPSO.26.09.2020","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION The novel coronavirus, called SARS-CoV-2, has as its main factor of the disease spreading the transmission between humans. COVID-19 is the name given by the World Health Organization (WHO) to identify the disease caused by this agent. Portugal is currently experiencing the pandemic Mitigation phase, in which, in addition to community transmission, it is assumed that there is local transmission in a closed environment. This disease was recognized by the WHO and by the Portugal Directorate-General of Health as Occupational Disease in a health care environment. OBJECTIVE Evaluate and characterize the presumed cases of occupational disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, among workers with COVID-19, considering the respective interpretation of the causal nexus, individually. METHODS Retrospective, descriptive, observational study (case-series), carried out between march and july 2020 in workers of a Portuguese oncology institute, dedicated to provide care for patients with cancer, reviewing files in the clinical processes of the occupational health service software (UTILSST®). It was considered the infection of workers with SARS-COV-2, as an inclusion criterion. RESULTS 41 workers were diagnosed with COVID-19, with an average age of 43.70 ± 11.63 years. Of these, 87.80% (n= 36) were female. The professional category with the highest infection rate in the institution was the auxiliaries of nursing [46.34%, n= 19], followed by nurses [39.02%, n = 16]. The most affected service was a Medical Oncology Service [31.4%, n= 11]. In the studied population, the prevalence of cases presumed to be Occupational Disease was 80.49% (n= 33). Of these, 48.5% (n= 16) were by direct contact with an infected patient, 30.3% (n = 10) without a known index case, but with a diagnosis obtained in “Disease mitigation phase” and 21.2% (n=7) by contact with an infected worker. In 19.51% (n= 8) of all the cases, no Occupational Disease was presumed, due to contact with an infected index case in a social/ family environment. CONCLUSION The main sources of nosocomial transmission with an assumed causal nexus are patients with COVID-19. It is essential to put into practice and ensure the maintenance of adequate collective and individual protection measures to combat this disease, as well as ensuring a permanent update of the institution’s infection control program so that the risk of exposure is controlled.","PeriodicalId":114994,"journal":{"name":"Revista Portuguesa de Saúde Ocupacional","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121829566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.31252/RPSO.04.07.2020
C. Gonçalves, P. D. Silva, R. Silva, G. Couto
Introduction According to the World Health Organization, in 2017, musculoskeletal diseases were the major contributors to global disability. Considering the exercise of functions in a professional context as an essential component in the daily life of human beings, it is in this environment that many of these injuries arise. The serious economic, labour and social repercussions that this type of injuries can cause brings us to the importance of analysing the current prevalence of these events in several industries, as well as the most affected body areas. Methods A literature search was carried out in the Pubmed and Web of Science databases, of articles published after 2015. The keywords used were “employee”, “skeletal muscle”, “injuries” and “industry/ sector”. This research resulted in 132 articles, of which 37 were revised to the full text and assessed their quality, which allowed the selection of 15 articles for a consequent analysis. Results Among the various industries, the tanning industry was the one with the highest global prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries (89.1%), 94.5% in females and 85% in males. In general, the prevalence of this type of injury in workers from different industries was around 70%. In most of the industries analysed (such as food, construction and textiles), the back/ lumbar area was the area most described as the origin of these injuries, with the exception of the printing industry, which reported a higher prevalence at the shoulder level. However, the back was the least identified region in the printing industry, being replaced, in this case, by the shoulder region. Discussion / Conclusion In general, and according to the data obtained, industrial workers are affected by a prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries that can vary between about 55% and 90%. The most affected regions of the body include the back, followed by shoulders, lower limbs and neck. The female sex was shown to be the most susceptible gender to contract musculoskeletal injuries, with respect to industrial workers.
根据世界卫生组织的数据，2017年，肌肉骨骼疾病是全球残疾的主要原因。考虑到在专业环境中行使职能是人类日常生活的重要组成部分，正是在这种环境中产生了许多这些伤害。这类伤害可能造成严重的经济、劳工和社会影响，这使我们认识到分析目前这些事件在几个行业以及受影响最严重的身体部位的流行情况的重要性。方法在Pubmed和Web of Science数据库中检索2015年以后发表的文章。关键词为“雇员”、“骨骼肌”、“伤病”及“行业/界别”。这项研究产生了132篇文章，其中37篇被修改为全文，并对其质量进行了评估，从而可以选择15篇文章进行后续分析。结果在各行业中，制革行业是全球肌肉骨骼损伤发生率最高的行业(89.1%)，女性为94.5%，男性为85%。一般来说，这类伤害在不同行业的工人中发生率约为70%。在大多数被分析的行业(如食品、建筑和纺织)中，背部/腰部是这些伤害的最主要来源，但印刷业除外，该行业在肩部的发生率更高。然而，在印刷业中，背部是最不容易识别的区域，在这种情况下，被肩部所取代。一般来说，根据获得的数据，产业工人受到肌肉骨骼损伤患病率的影响，其患病率在55%到90%之间。受影响最严重的部位包括背部，其次是肩膀、下肢和颈部。与产业工人相比，女性被证明是最容易患肌肉骨骼损伤的性别。
{"title":"Prevalência das Lesões Músculo-Esqueléticas em Trabalhadores Industriais: uma Revisão Integrativa da Literatura","authors":"C. Gonçalves, P. D. Silva, R. Silva, G. Couto","doi":"10.31252/RPSO.04.07.2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31252/RPSO.04.07.2020","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction According to the World Health Organization, in 2017, musculoskeletal diseases were the major contributors to global disability. Considering the exercise of functions in a professional context as an essential component in the daily life of human beings, it is in this environment that many of these injuries arise. The serious economic, labour and social repercussions that this type of injuries can cause brings us to the importance of analysing the current prevalence of these events in several industries, as well as the most affected body areas. Methods A literature search was carried out in the Pubmed and Web of Science databases, of articles published after 2015. The keywords used were “employee”, “skeletal muscle”, “injuries” and “industry/ sector”. This research resulted in 132 articles, of which 37 were revised to the full text and assessed their quality, which allowed the selection of 15 articles for a consequent analysis. Results Among the various industries, the tanning industry was the one with the highest global prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries (89.1%), 94.5% in females and 85% in males. In general, the prevalence of this type of injury in workers from different industries was around 70%. In most of the industries analysed (such as food, construction and textiles), the back/ lumbar area was the area most described as the origin of these injuries, with the exception of the printing industry, which reported a higher prevalence at the shoulder level. However, the back was the least identified region in the printing industry, being replaced, in this case, by the shoulder region. Discussion / Conclusion In general, and according to the data obtained, industrial workers are affected by a prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries that can vary between about 55% and 90%. The most affected regions of the body include the back, followed by shoulders, lower limbs and neck. The female sex was shown to be the most susceptible gender to contract musculoskeletal injuries, with respect to industrial workers.","PeriodicalId":114994,"journal":{"name":"Revista Portuguesa de Saúde Ocupacional","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127829977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.31252/RPSO.12.09.2020
Diana Costa, Filipe Gonçalves
Introduction / background / objective In a western world marked by a high prevalence of metabolic changes related to metabolic syndrome (obesity, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure, dyslipidemia), it is essential to know where to look and recognize early signs. In companies, it is common to find workers with various risk factors that characterize metabolic syndrome since the environment and work organization can have an influence (such as inappropriate food choices in cafeteria or vending machines, work organization and stress, or shift work and its impact on circadian rhythm). Its consequences will cause more illnesses, more work accidents and bigger losses for companies. Therefore, in occupational health services, there is another way to invest in the development of health and well-being, in addition to the direct prevention of occupational diseases and accidents at work, by analyzing the worker from a global point of view throughout his life, and acting in synergy with Primary Health Care. The main objective of this work is to elaborate a review of the cutaneous manifestations that can provide clues during the physical exam, having as main focus the metabolic syndrome. Methodology It is a Scoping Review, carried out in the EBSCO databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, Nursing & Allied Health Collection: Comprehensive, Cochrane Database, MedicLatina), PUBMED and RCAAP, in the period of June 2020. The keywords used were: “Skin manifestations”, “Signs on the skin”, “Insulin resistance”, “Metabolic syndrome”. Results Several signs suggestive of metabolic syndrome or insulin resistance were found, namely acanthosis nigricans, acrochordons/skin tags, xanthelasmas, eruptive xanthomas, diagonal earlobe crease/ Frank’s sign, some inflammatory skin manifestations (acne, hidradenitis suppurativa) and autoimmune (psoriasis, vitiligo). Conclusions It is essential to encourage lifestyle changes that address Metabolic Syndrome. Empowering or reminding professionals of non-invasive assessment techniques for signals recognition, can contribute to helping the team to detect metabolic manifestations early, simply by looking at the skin of those they care for. This approach can be an asset in occupational health services, which are at the forefront of monitoring adults, and whose disease course can be controlled or even reversed with early diagnosis and intervention. In fact, analyzing the worker in his entire definition of health (adding Preventive Medicine / Nursing to Curative) and working in synergy with Primary Health Care, will end up influencing the productivity of companies (by avoiding sick leave due to illness, or even reducing work accidents).
{"title":"Quando suspeitar de Síndrome Metabólica no Exame Físico e qual a relevância para a Saúde Ocupacional?","authors":"Diana Costa, Filipe Gonçalves","doi":"10.31252/RPSO.12.09.2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31252/RPSO.12.09.2020","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction / background / objective In a western world marked by a high prevalence of metabolic changes related to metabolic syndrome (obesity, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure, dyslipidemia), it is essential to know where to look and recognize early signs. In companies, it is common to find workers with various risk factors that characterize metabolic syndrome since the environment and work organization can have an influence (such as inappropriate food choices in cafeteria or vending machines, work organization and stress, or shift work and its impact on circadian rhythm). Its consequences will cause more illnesses, more work accidents and bigger losses for companies. Therefore, in occupational health services, there is another way to invest in the development of health and well-being, in addition to the direct prevention of occupational diseases and accidents at work, by analyzing the worker from a global point of view throughout his life, and acting in synergy with Primary Health Care. The main objective of this work is to elaborate a review of the cutaneous manifestations that can provide clues during the physical exam, having as main focus the metabolic syndrome. Methodology It is a Scoping Review, carried out in the EBSCO databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, Nursing & Allied Health Collection: Comprehensive, Cochrane Database, MedicLatina), PUBMED and RCAAP, in the period of June 2020. The keywords used were: “Skin manifestations”, “Signs on the skin”, “Insulin resistance”, “Metabolic syndrome”. Results Several signs suggestive of metabolic syndrome or insulin resistance were found, namely acanthosis nigricans, acrochordons/skin tags, xanthelasmas, eruptive xanthomas, diagonal earlobe crease/ Frank’s sign, some inflammatory skin manifestations (acne, hidradenitis suppurativa) and autoimmune (psoriasis, vitiligo). Conclusions It is essential to encourage lifestyle changes that address Metabolic Syndrome. Empowering or reminding professionals of non-invasive assessment techniques for signals recognition, can contribute to helping the team to detect metabolic manifestations early, simply by looking at the skin of those they care for. This approach can be an asset in occupational health services, which are at the forefront of monitoring adults, and whose disease course can be controlled or even reversed with early diagnosis and intervention. In fact, analyzing the worker in his entire definition of health (adding Preventive Medicine / Nursing to Curative) and working in synergy with Primary Health Care, will end up influencing the productivity of companies (by avoiding sick leave due to illness, or even reducing work accidents).","PeriodicalId":114994,"journal":{"name":"Revista Portuguesa de Saúde Ocupacional","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131821157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.31252/RPSO.05.12.2020
Helena Alves, T. Alves, A. R. Costa, Sidónia Pacheco, G. Couto
Helena Alves, Tiago Alves, Ana Costa, Sidónia Pacheco, Germano Couto Introduction Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease with a high and growing prevalence, particularly among the younger population. The increase in disease among the active population can lead to a greater risk of incapacity for work and a high rate of absenteeism. Methods This study consists of an integrative literature review. After establishing the inclusion and exclusion criteria, four cross-sectional studies were selected. Results Although there is not enough evidence, there seems to be a trend towards higher blood glucose levels in diabetic and non-diabetic workers who do night work. Studies have shown that night workers have more cardiovascular risk factors, which can influence glycemic control and is in line with studies that associate night shift work with an increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome, which consists of the junction of lipid alteration (decreased good cholesterol or HDL and increased triglycerides), increased blood pressure, abdominal obesity and altered blood glucose. Discussion / Conclusion There is a need to develop randomized controlled studies. However, more aggressive glycemic control in night workers can be important to avoid complications of the disease. There is a need to invest in diabetes prevention programs with workers in Occupational Health services and develop/ implement targeted and effective interventions to help workers better manage their disease, since the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in the working age population continues to increase. It may be necessary to adapt the therapeutic and dietary regime to diabetic workers who work at night.
Helena Alves, Tiago Alves, Ana Costa, Sidónia Pacheco, Germano Couto介绍糖尿病是一种慢性疾病，发病率高且呈增长趋势，尤其是在年轻人群中。活跃人口中疾病的增加可能导致丧失工作能力和高缺勤率的更大风险。方法采用综合文献复习法。在建立纳入和排除标准后，选择了4个横断面研究。结果虽然没有足够的证据，但糖尿病和非糖尿病夜班工人的血糖水平似乎有升高的趋势。研究表明，夜班工人有更多的心血管风险因素，这可能影响血糖控制，这与夜班工作与代谢综合征患病率增加有关的研究一致，代谢综合征包括脂质改变(好胆固醇或高密度脂蛋白降低和甘油三酯升高)、血压升高、腹部肥胖和血糖改变的结合。有必要开展随机对照研究。然而，夜班工人更积极地控制血糖对于避免疾病并发症是很重要的。由于2型糖尿病在工作年龄人口中的患病率持续增加，有必要投资于职业卫生服务工作者的糖尿病预防项目，并制定/实施有针对性和有效的干预措施，以帮助工人更好地管理他们的疾病。可能有必要调整治疗和饮食制度，以适应夜间工作的糖尿病工人。
{"title":"A Influência do Trabalho Noturno no Controlo da Diabetes: Revisão Integrativa da Literatura","authors":"Helena Alves, T. Alves, A. R. Costa, Sidónia Pacheco, G. Couto","doi":"10.31252/RPSO.05.12.2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31252/RPSO.05.12.2020","url":null,"abstract":"Helena Alves, Tiago Alves, Ana Costa, Sidónia Pacheco, Germano Couto Introduction Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease with a high and growing prevalence, particularly among the younger population. The increase in disease among the active population can lead to a greater risk of incapacity for work and a high rate of absenteeism. Methods This study consists of an integrative literature review. After establishing the inclusion and exclusion criteria, four cross-sectional studies were selected. Results Although there is not enough evidence, there seems to be a trend towards higher blood glucose levels in diabetic and non-diabetic workers who do night work. Studies have shown that night workers have more cardiovascular risk factors, which can influence glycemic control and is in line with studies that associate night shift work with an increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome, which consists of the junction of lipid alteration (decreased good cholesterol or HDL and increased triglycerides), increased blood pressure, abdominal obesity and altered blood glucose. Discussion / Conclusion There is a need to develop randomized controlled studies. However, more aggressive glycemic control in night workers can be important to avoid complications of the disease. There is a need to invest in diabetes prevention programs with workers in Occupational Health services and develop/ implement targeted and effective interventions to help workers better manage their disease, since the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in the working age population continues to increase. It may be necessary to adapt the therapeutic and dietary regime to diabetic workers who work at night.","PeriodicalId":114994,"journal":{"name":"Revista Portuguesa de Saúde Ocupacional","volume":"428 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134433136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.31252/RPSO.28.11.2020
D. Brito, M. Cardoso
Introduction Alcohol consumption is one of the main risk factors associated with mortality and loss of quality of life. In workplace, it is associated with higher absenteeism, decreased performance and greater number of work accidents. In Portugal, approximately 25% of work-related accidents are due to alcohol consumption. They are also influenced by other individual, relational, community and societal factors. Objectives This study aims to identify alcohol consumption patterns and characteristics of individuals who have reported occupational injuries in Portugal, in 2016 and 2017. Methodology This is an observational cross-sectional epidemiological study of secondary data from the IV National Survey on the Use of Psychoactive Substances in the General Population 2016/2017 (n = 12023). The association of characteristics of individuals consuming alcoholic beverages with the occurrence of occupational accidents was studied through two multiple logistic regression models. Results In the Portuguese population, prevalence of last year alcohol consumption is 58.3%, of which 6.2% refer to hazardous, harmful or dependent consumption. Hazardous consumption (OR 1,824) and dependency on alcoholic beverages (OR 3,981), as well as consumption of 10 or more drinks per occasion (OR 3,963) and binge drinking, is associated with the occurrence of occupational accidents. Conclusions The present study validates the association between the consumption of alcoholic beverages and the occurrence of occupational accidents in the Portuguese population of working age. This analysis includes the most recent data and was never performed for the Portuguese population, outside specific working sites. The existence of scientific evidence of national scope may contribute to better identification of alcohol consumption profiles in the workplace, adequate characterization of work accidents and more effective interventions.
{"title":"Padrões de Consumo de Álcool associados a Acidentes de Trabalho em Portugal em 2017","authors":"D. Brito, M. Cardoso","doi":"10.31252/RPSO.28.11.2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31252/RPSO.28.11.2020","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Alcohol consumption is one of the main risk factors associated with mortality and loss of quality of life. In workplace, it is associated with higher absenteeism, decreased performance and greater number of work accidents. In Portugal, approximately 25% of work-related accidents are due to alcohol consumption. They are also influenced by other individual, relational, community and societal factors. Objectives This study aims to identify alcohol consumption patterns and characteristics of individuals who have reported occupational injuries in Portugal, in 2016 and 2017. Methodology This is an observational cross-sectional epidemiological study of secondary data from the IV National Survey on the Use of Psychoactive Substances in the General Population 2016/2017 (n = 12023). The association of characteristics of individuals consuming alcoholic beverages with the occurrence of occupational accidents was studied through two multiple logistic regression models. Results In the Portuguese population, prevalence of last year alcohol consumption is 58.3%, of which 6.2% refer to hazardous, harmful or dependent consumption. Hazardous consumption (OR 1,824) and dependency on alcoholic beverages (OR 3,981), as well as consumption of 10 or more drinks per occasion (OR 3,963) and binge drinking, is associated with the occurrence of occupational accidents. Conclusions The present study validates the association between the consumption of alcoholic beverages and the occurrence of occupational accidents in the Portuguese population of working age. This analysis includes the most recent data and was never performed for the Portuguese population, outside specific working sites. The existence of scientific evidence of national scope may contribute to better identification of alcohol consumption profiles in the workplace, adequate characterization of work accidents and more effective interventions.","PeriodicalId":114994,"journal":{"name":"Revista Portuguesa de Saúde Ocupacional","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117026616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.31252/RPSO.09.10.2020
Álvaro Oliveira, Filipa Aguiar, B. L. Fernandes, R. Rolo
INTRODUCTION Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (PH) or extrinsic allergic alveolitis is an inflammatory interstitial lung disease caused by recurrent exposure to a variety of environmental and/ or occupational antigens by immunologically susceptible individuals. The differential diagnosis with other interstitial lung diseases (ILD) is stimulating, but essential for a correct approach and implementation of appropriate therapy. CASE REPORT We present a case of a 55-year-old female worker, non-smoker, with no important pathological personal history. She had professional exposure to multiple paints (Gouache; Acrylics; Watercolors; Oil) inherent in her profession as an art teacher since she was 23 years old. After 24 years of performing these functions, without the use of proper personal protective equipment (protective mask, gloves, goggles, appropriate uniform), she develops a persistent cough, dyspnoea and fatigue, motivating observation in pulmonology consultation. Taking into account clinical, radiological and laboratory elements, she presented suggestive alterations of interstitial pulmonary pathology, and the diagnosis of Chronic Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis was assumed in a Multidisciplinary Group Consultation later assumed and characterized as an Occupational Disease. In the follow-up, the causal agent of the disease was removed, having the worker been mobilized internally, assuming functions associated with school coordination, for which she was able to work. Since 2011 under immunosuppression therapy with Prednisolone, Azathioprine from July 2014 to August 2016 and Mycophenolate Mofetil since March 2019, having remained clinically and functionally stable until today, without the need for oxygen therapy. As complementary diagnostic tests it has a respiratory function in 2019: FEV1 51%; FVC 55%; 73% TLC. 33% DLCO; DLCO/VA: 51%. Chest CT with scattered, bilateral ground glass densification areas; some cystic images, bilaterally, corresponding to areas of bronchial ectasia/ fibrosis; traction bronchiectasis, mainly in the upper lobes and the middle lobe; reticulation areas in the anterior right pulmonary field; calcified granuloma in the lower right lobe and upper left lobe; infracentimetric nodularities at both apexes. DISCUSSION/ CONCLUSION Chronic HP is an irreversible disease. Removal of the disease-causing antigen and immunosuppressive therapy are the usual interventions in these cases. In this worker, once the relationship between the pathology and the causal agent of the disease was assumed, was assigned a definitive incapacity for the current job, having been replaced in another compatible activity within the same company. Thus, occupational health surveillance becomes essential in the prevention/ attenuation of this occupational disease.
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