Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.31252/rpso.14.05.2022
N. Saldanha, R. Pereira, P. Matos, Vanessa Teófilo, Carla Ribeiro, Paulo Pinho, Pedro Norton
Introduction Thyroid carcinomas include a wide spectrum of lesions. The well-differentiated subtype, 90% of all thyroid cancers, is associated with an excellent prognosis. Several risk factors are described. The most important environmental factor is exposure to ionizing radiation, although shift work is proposed as a prominent factor. The common clinical presentation of thyroid carcinoma is a thyroid nodule detected by the patient or imaging tests. Case Report This is a 25-year-old nurse who came to the occupational health service with complaints of enlarged cervical nodes. She denied prominent personal background. She had a palpable mass in the thyroid and right supraclavicular region and dysphonia with six to nine months of evolution. She underwent cervical ultrasound with biopsy that revealed papillary thyroid carcinoma with lymph node metastasis. She had surgery and radioactive iodine treatment. In occupational health, she was conditioned to shift work. Discussion Surgical removal and radioactive iodine treatment cures more than 90% of localized and well-differentiated thyroid carcinomas. Well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma with metastases is associated with a 90% ten-year survival if there is good iodine supply and the tumor goes into remission after treatment. A relationship between circadian cycle dysfunction and thyroid carcinoma is proposed, so it is important to decide the ability to work at night in the follow-up period of the disease. Conclusion The relevance of the case arises with the aim of alerting to the advantages of an Occupational Health service and its ability to provide a timely and rapid response to various pathologies of the working population with important health gains. This case also offers a rationale for the management and time of shift work avoidance in the post-diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma. Keywords: thyroid carcinoma; shift work; occupational medicine; occupational health.
{"title":"Carcinoma da Tiroide: Diagnóstico em exame de Saúde de Medicina do Trabalho e Aptidão ao Trabalho por Turnos","authors":"N. Saldanha, R. Pereira, P. Matos, Vanessa Teófilo, Carla Ribeiro, Paulo Pinho, Pedro Norton","doi":"10.31252/rpso.14.05.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31252/rpso.14.05.2022","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Thyroid carcinomas include a wide spectrum of lesions. The well-differentiated subtype, 90% of all thyroid cancers, is associated with an excellent prognosis. Several risk factors are described. The most important environmental factor is exposure to ionizing radiation, although shift work is proposed as a prominent factor. The common clinical presentation of thyroid carcinoma is a thyroid nodule detected by the patient or imaging tests. Case Report This is a 25-year-old nurse who came to the occupational health service with complaints of enlarged cervical nodes. She denied prominent personal background. She had a palpable mass in the thyroid and right supraclavicular region and dysphonia with six to nine months of evolution. She underwent cervical ultrasound with biopsy that revealed papillary thyroid carcinoma with lymph node metastasis. She had surgery and radioactive iodine treatment. In occupational health, she was conditioned to shift work. Discussion Surgical removal and radioactive iodine treatment cures more than 90% of localized and well-differentiated thyroid carcinomas. Well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma with metastases is associated with a 90% ten-year survival if there is good iodine supply and the tumor goes into remission after treatment. A relationship between circadian cycle dysfunction and thyroid carcinoma is proposed, so it is important to decide the ability to work at night in the follow-up period of the disease. Conclusion The relevance of the case arises with the aim of alerting to the advantages of an Occupational Health service and its ability to provide a timely and rapid response to various pathologies of the working population with important health gains. This case also offers a rationale for the management and time of shift work avoidance in the post-diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma. Keywords: thyroid carcinoma; shift work; occupational medicine; occupational health.","PeriodicalId":114994,"journal":{"name":"Revista Portuguesa de Saúde Ocupacional","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123905219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.31252/rpso.15.04.2022
Mónica Santos, A. Almeida, Catarina Lopes
{"title":"Consequências Laborais da Postura Sentada Mantida, para além da dimensão ortopédica- um desafio aos Leitores","authors":"Mónica Santos, A. Almeida, Catarina Lopes","doi":"10.31252/rpso.15.04.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31252/rpso.15.04.2022","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":114994,"journal":{"name":"Revista Portuguesa de Saúde Ocupacional","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114360727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.31252/rpso.12.03.2022
Mónica Santos, A. Almeida, Catarina Lopes
Introduction/framework/objectives Labor Autonomy can be related to well-being, increased performance and productivity of employees, translating into obvious gains for employers as well. Given these premises, areview was developed to better contextualize. Methodology This is a Bibliographic Review, initiated through a search carried out in January 2022, in the databases “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina and RCAAP”. Contents Individual autonomy can be defined as self-determination, possibility to execute objectives, with freedom to choose/plan and act according to values and goals; that is, the possibility of choosing without interference and with respect from others in relation to the decisions taken. Thus, the individual easily considers that the entire process was valid and meaningful. However, such freedom (which is never absolute) implies responsibility. Autonomy at work is a more restricted concept than individual autonomy since there will always be some subordination to the market/institution. Even so, worker will be able to have the freedom to determine some items, but also being held responsible for doing so. There is Autonomy to the freedom in the exercise of functions and tasks (in a more restricted sense), as also the ability to decide and intervene in the work process, influencing the global organization, working conditions, including possible self-monitoring/self-assessment, in a broader sense. In the same institution, there may be different levels of individual and group autonomy. Real Autonomy implies a voluntary internal division of tasks; in turn, subordinated or contained autonomy is controlled, has limits and can even be associated with situations of exploitation. Discussion and Conclusions Most documents associate Autonomy with something positive in occupational terms; however, in reality, and also depending on the specific subtype and context, it can imply anxiety, more responsibility and worse working conditions. It may be up to the Occupational Health and Safety team to train employers, managers and workers, to make each institution evolve in the sense that all these parts benefit more. It would be relevant for some teams already with projects in this area to be able to disseminate their results and conclusions, according to the publication of scientific papers. Keywords: autonomy, occupational health and occupational medicine.
{"title":"Autonomia no Trabalho","authors":"Mónica Santos, A. Almeida, Catarina Lopes","doi":"10.31252/rpso.12.03.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31252/rpso.12.03.2022","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction/framework/objectives Labor Autonomy can be related to well-being, increased performance and productivity of employees, translating into obvious gains for employers as well. Given these premises, areview was developed to better contextualize. Methodology This is a Bibliographic Review, initiated through a search carried out in January 2022, in the databases “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina and RCAAP”. Contents Individual autonomy can be defined as self-determination, possibility to execute objectives, with freedom to choose/plan and act according to values and goals; that is, the possibility of choosing without interference and with respect from others in relation to the decisions taken. Thus, the individual easily considers that the entire process was valid and meaningful. However, such freedom (which is never absolute) implies responsibility. Autonomy at work is a more restricted concept than individual autonomy since there will always be some subordination to the market/institution. Even so, worker will be able to have the freedom to determine some items, but also being held responsible for doing so. There is Autonomy to the freedom in the exercise of functions and tasks (in a more restricted sense), as also the ability to decide and intervene in the work process, influencing the global organization, working conditions, including possible self-monitoring/self-assessment, in a broader sense. In the same institution, there may be different levels of individual and group autonomy. Real Autonomy implies a voluntary internal division of tasks; in turn, subordinated or contained autonomy is controlled, has limits and can even be associated with situations of exploitation. Discussion and Conclusions Most documents associate Autonomy with something positive in occupational terms; however, in reality, and also depending on the specific subtype and context, it can imply anxiety, more responsibility and worse working conditions. It may be up to the Occupational Health and Safety team to train employers, managers and workers, to make each institution evolve in the sense that all these parts benefit more. It would be relevant for some teams already with projects in this area to be able to disseminate their results and conclusions, according to the publication of scientific papers. Keywords: autonomy, occupational health and occupational medicine.","PeriodicalId":114994,"journal":{"name":"Revista Portuguesa de Saúde Ocupacional","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116995174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.31252/rpso.26.02.2022
Mónica Santos, A. Almeida, Catarina Lopes
Introduction/framework/objectives Drivers are subject to numerous occupational hazards; however, the associates at the Chemical level are not particularly developed, nor is bibliography on the subject easily found. The aim of this review was to summarize what is most relevant described, in order to enhance the work developed by the Occupational Health and Safety teams with clientes on this sector. Methodology This is a Bibliographic Review, initiated through a search carried out in February 2022, in the databases “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina and RCAAP”. Contents Individuals with jobs in this sector are exposed to chemical agents resulting from incomplete combustion, engine emissions and elements secondary to the evaporation of fuels. Although some exist in low concentrations, they have carcinogenic potential. After the decrease in lead in gasoline, other substances began to be used more, such as benzene, toluene and xylene; as well as ethanol and metanol, in order to increase efficiency. The International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified benzene as a human carcinogen. In practice, a decrease in the number of blood cells is observed (anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia or even leukemia); although the mechanism is not fully understood. Taxi drivers are considered to be sufficiently exposed professionally to present these changes. The concentration of benzene for these is two to three times lower than that found in the vicinity of structures in the oil industry (for example), but still three times higher than the limit recommended by the American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists. There is also exposure to other hydrocarbons, particulate matter, heavy metals such as lead and volatile organic compounds. Discussion and Conclusions The Chemical Risk associated with passenger and/or goods transport vehicles is relevant and reasonably little studied, although some medical consequences are very relevant. In terms of collective protection measures, only the use of HEPA filters are mentioned in some contexts, as well as having or not having the window open and the air circulation system on; in the context of individual protection measures, none of the consulted articles developed them. It would be relevant for a Health and Safety team with several clients in these sector, to better assess the situation and disseminate their data and conclusions through the publication of article(s), to have more knowledge to work in this area and be able to provide a healthier and safer work environment. Keywords: chemical risk, driver, taxi driver, occupational health and occupational medicine.
{"title":"Risco Químico associado ao setor dos Transportes de Passageiros e Mercadorias","authors":"Mónica Santos, A. Almeida, Catarina Lopes","doi":"10.31252/rpso.26.02.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31252/rpso.26.02.2022","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction/framework/objectives Drivers are subject to numerous occupational hazards; however, the associates at the Chemical level are not particularly developed, nor is bibliography on the subject easily found. The aim of this review was to summarize what is most relevant described, in order to enhance the work developed by the Occupational Health and Safety teams with clientes on this sector. Methodology This is a Bibliographic Review, initiated through a search carried out in February 2022, in the databases “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina and RCAAP”. Contents Individuals with jobs in this sector are exposed to chemical agents resulting from incomplete combustion, engine emissions and elements secondary to the evaporation of fuels. Although some exist in low concentrations, they have carcinogenic potential. After the decrease in lead in gasoline, other substances began to be used more, such as benzene, toluene and xylene; as well as ethanol and metanol, in order to increase efficiency. The International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified benzene as a human carcinogen. In practice, a decrease in the number of blood cells is observed (anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia or even leukemia); although the mechanism is not fully understood. Taxi drivers are considered to be sufficiently exposed professionally to present these changes. The concentration of benzene for these is two to three times lower than that found in the vicinity of structures in the oil industry (for example), but still three times higher than the limit recommended by the American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists. There is also exposure to other hydrocarbons, particulate matter, heavy metals such as lead and volatile organic compounds. Discussion and Conclusions The Chemical Risk associated with passenger and/or goods transport vehicles is relevant and reasonably little studied, although some medical consequences are very relevant. In terms of collective protection measures, only the use of HEPA filters are mentioned in some contexts, as well as having or not having the window open and the air circulation system on; in the context of individual protection measures, none of the consulted articles developed them. It would be relevant for a Health and Safety team with several clients in these sector, to better assess the situation and disseminate their data and conclusions through the publication of article(s), to have more knowledge to work in this area and be able to provide a healthier and safer work environment. Keywords: chemical risk, driver, taxi driver, occupational health and occupational medicine.","PeriodicalId":114994,"journal":{"name":"Revista Portuguesa de Saúde Ocupacional","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127006449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.31252/rpso.04.06.2022
J. Lopes, Ana Patrício, Dulce Lopes, Mariana Duarte, J. Gomes
Introduction Nursing is one of the professions with high Burnout levels, taking into account that it is subjected to constant situations of emotional exhaustion and stress. It is essential to invest in Burnout prevention strategies for Nurses, since high levels of stress jeopardize the quality and effectiveness of their work, and consequently have a strong impact on patients’ health and in their own quality of life. Occupational Health plays an important role in the prevention, identification and control of Burnout levels in Nurses. Objectives and Methodology To this end, we conducted a review using the B-on and SciELO databases, including articles published between january 2015 and march 2022, in portuguese and english, which addressed Burnout prevention strategies among Nurses. The following descriptors/terms were used: Burnout, Prevention Strategies and Nurses, which were combined with the boolean operator AND. Seven articles were selected for further analysis of evidence. Results The prevention of Burnout syndrome in Nurses requires the adoption of strategies, both at the individual and organizational levels. Nurses should develop the ability to self-monitor stress and self-recognize the signs and symptoms of Burnout, with a view to promoting their mental health and well-being. The organization has the possibility to create the necessary conditions for a healthier and less stress-promoting workplace. Strategies such as resilience training, frequent yoga practice, promotion of self-care, engagement and encouragement of mental health promotion were identified, and it was found that Nursing teams with mental health empowered members are able to perform higher quality and more effective functions. Conclusions It is crucial to study this topic more, since with the appropriate strategies focused on the prevention of Burnout syndrome, there is a noticeable decrease in stress levels among Nursing team members, and consequently an improvement in the quality of care provided. KEYWORDS: Burnout; Nurses; Prevention Strategies; Occupational Health.
{"title":"Estratégias de Prevenção do Burnout nos Enfermeiros- Revisão da Literatura","authors":"J. Lopes, Ana Patrício, Dulce Lopes, Mariana Duarte, J. Gomes","doi":"10.31252/rpso.04.06.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31252/rpso.04.06.2022","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Nursing is one of the professions with high Burnout levels, taking into account that it is subjected to constant situations of emotional exhaustion and stress. It is essential to invest in Burnout prevention strategies for Nurses, since high levels of stress jeopardize the quality and effectiveness of their work, and consequently have a strong impact on patients’ health and in their own quality of life. Occupational Health plays an important role in the prevention, identification and control of Burnout levels in Nurses. Objectives and Methodology To this end, we conducted a review using the B-on and SciELO databases, including articles published between january 2015 and march 2022, in portuguese and english, which addressed Burnout prevention strategies among Nurses. The following descriptors/terms were used: Burnout, Prevention Strategies and Nurses, which were combined with the boolean operator AND. Seven articles were selected for further analysis of evidence. Results The prevention of Burnout syndrome in Nurses requires the adoption of strategies, both at the individual and organizational levels. Nurses should develop the ability to self-monitor stress and self-recognize the signs and symptoms of Burnout, with a view to promoting their mental health and well-being. The organization has the possibility to create the necessary conditions for a healthier and less stress-promoting workplace. Strategies such as resilience training, frequent yoga practice, promotion of self-care, engagement and encouragement of mental health promotion were identified, and it was found that Nursing teams with mental health empowered members are able to perform higher quality and more effective functions. Conclusions It is crucial to study this topic more, since with the appropriate strategies focused on the prevention of Burnout syndrome, there is a noticeable decrease in stress levels among Nursing team members, and consequently an improvement in the quality of care provided. KEYWORDS: Burnout; Nurses; Prevention Strategies; Occupational Health.","PeriodicalId":114994,"journal":{"name":"Revista Portuguesa de Saúde Ocupacional","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133526349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.31252/rpso.25.06.2022
Mónica Santos, A. Almeida, Catarina Lopes
Introduction/framework/objectives Pneumoconiosis are the most frequent occupational diseases. Silicosis is caused by inhaling breathable crystalline Silica. It is a diffuse interstitial fibronodular lung disease. Initially it is asymptomatic, however, it is usually progressive and without cure. The diagnosis is partially based on a history of professional exposure. It is more prevalent in countries with considerable unemployment and/or little or no Health and Safety Surveillance at Work. Methodology This is a Bibliographic Review, initiated through a search carried out in January 2022, in the databases “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina and RCAAP”. Contents Silica or silicon dioxide (SiO2) is made up of oxygen and silicon. In nature it exists in amorphous and crystalline forms. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) considered inhaled crystalline Silica as a human carcinogen (group 1), probably due to cellular damage, inflammation, oxidative stress and inhibition of clearance. Amorphous silica is not considered carcinogenic to humans (group 3). Silicosis exists in all countries, but is more prevalent in the ones less developed, even realizing that the real incidence should be higher than the official one, due to the situation being underreported. In more developed countries, the incidence/prevalence has decreased, due to the improvement of working conditions. Exposure is relevant via inhalation; cutaneous and digestive tracts generally do not have important consequences in the work context. The health risk varies with concentration, particle size– diameter, surface and shape (more dangerous if smaller), exposure time, type of silica (crystalline, tridymite and cristobalite are the most harmful, although more rare), density, water and lipid solubility, chemical reactivity, hygroscopic and electrostatic character, temperature, air speed and employee physical activity. Also important are gender, body area, age, general health status, previous pathologies and smoking- that is, individual susceptibility. The particles can be inhaled, thoracic or respirable (the latter are able to settle in the lungs). The shape, size and density of dust will affect the behavior and penetration into the respiratory system. The respirable fraction consists of particles smaller than 10 micrometers, that is, they can reach the area where gas exchange takes place; larger than that, they are usually deposited in the nasal and thoracic region. Silica nanoparticles smaller than 100 nanometers can reach the bloodstream. After inhalation, Silica particles are mainly deposited in the bronchioles and alveoli; if mucociliary clearance is not sufficient, inflammation (alveolitis) develops, which can lead to fibrosis and ca
{"title":"Silicose","authors":"Mónica Santos, A. Almeida, Catarina Lopes","doi":"10.31252/rpso.25.06.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31252/rpso.25.06.2022","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction/framework/objectives Pneumoconiosis are the most frequent occupational diseases. Silicosis is caused by inhaling breathable crystalline Silica. It is a diffuse interstitial fibronodular lung disease. Initially it is asymptomatic, however, it is usually progressive and without cure. The diagnosis is partially based on a history of professional exposure. It is more prevalent in countries with considerable unemployment and/or little or no Health and Safety Surveillance at Work. Methodology This is a Bibliographic Review, initiated through a search carried out in January 2022, in the databases “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina and RCAAP”. Contents Silica or silicon dioxide (SiO2) is made up of oxygen and silicon. In nature it exists in amorphous and crystalline forms. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) considered inhaled crystalline Silica as a human carcinogen (group 1), probably due to cellular damage, inflammation, oxidative stress and inhibition of clearance. Amorphous silica is not considered carcinogenic to humans (group 3). Silicosis exists in all countries, but is more prevalent in the ones less developed, even realizing that the real incidence should be higher than the official one, due to the situation being underreported. In more developed countries, the incidence/prevalence has decreased, due to the improvement of working conditions. Exposure is relevant via inhalation; cutaneous and digestive tracts generally do not have important consequences in the work context. The health risk varies with concentration, particle size– diameter, surface and shape (more dangerous if smaller), exposure time, type of silica (crystalline, tridymite and cristobalite are the most harmful, although more rare), density, water and lipid solubility, chemical reactivity, hygroscopic and electrostatic character, temperature, air speed and employee physical activity. Also important are gender, body area, age, general health status, previous pathologies and smoking- that is, individual susceptibility. The particles can be inhaled, thoracic or respirable (the latter are able to settle in the lungs). The shape, size and density of dust will affect the behavior and penetration into the respiratory system. The respirable fraction consists of particles smaller than 10 micrometers, that is, they can reach the area where gas exchange takes place; larger than that, they are usually deposited in the nasal and thoracic region. Silica nanoparticles smaller than 100 nanometers can reach the bloodstream. After inhalation, Silica particles are mainly deposited in the bronchioles and alveoli; if mucociliary clearance is not sufficient, inflammation (alveolitis) develops, which can lead to fibrosis and ca","PeriodicalId":114994,"journal":{"name":"Revista Portuguesa de Saúde Ocupacional","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124946169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.31252/rpso.09.04.2022
Mónica Santos, A. Almeida, Catarina Lopes
{"title":"Rinite e Sinusite Laborais: outro desafio para os Leitores…","authors":"Mónica Santos, A. Almeida, Catarina Lopes","doi":"10.31252/rpso.09.04.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31252/rpso.09.04.2022","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":114994,"journal":{"name":"Revista Portuguesa de Saúde Ocupacional","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115960950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.31252/rpso.22.01.2022
Sara Matos, Maria Almeida, Ana Duarte, M. Miranda
Introduction Healthcare workers were heavily exposed to repetitive viral loads during the SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic. The duration and effectiveness of post-infection immunity remains an unclear question. The determination of serum IgG anti-S/SARS-CoV-2 (IgG/anti-S) antibodies is the only feasible way to assess immunity against this virus. Methods We’ve identified 193 RT-PCR/SARS-CoV-2 positive from a total of 4200 healthcare workers from an university hospital between March-May 2020. Serum IgG/anti-S was determined by chemiluminescence immunoassay in three anonymized quarterly samples to comparison of mean concentrations over the six months of observation (cut-off defined by the manufacturer: ≥1AU/mL). Disease severity was classified as asymptomatic, mild/moderate and severe/very severe. Results 76.2% were infected women, with mean ( ) age 39.6±11.7 year; men mean age 41.1±13.0 years, and women/men ratio 3.2. 93.8% worked in high-risk areas and 72.5% were nurses or assistants. Regarding the severity, 7.8% had asymptomatic infection and 6.7% had serious illness with inpatient management. 8.3% refused to participate on serologic testing, so 177 participants were included. In the first determination, 73.5% had IgG/anti-S(+ve) (144/166 samples) with 12.5±9.1 AU/mL, collected at =50.3±15.3 days after symptoms onset. At the second time, 47.9% (80/167) had positive results, with IgG/anti-S =2.7±4.9 UA/mL, =143.1±43.9 days after symptoms. The third moment had 27.7% positive results, with IgG/anti-S =1.3±2.8 AU/mL, =241.3±75.5 days after symptoms. Discussion A progressive decrease in mean IgG/anti-S titers was evident during the first six months after SARS-CoV-2 infection, in consonance with the available data, with 13% of professionals presenting antibody levels below the threshold of positivity a month and a half after infection, 52% after four and 72% after six months. We also found that even those with positive titers, at six months, approached the cutoff point, showing a downward curve. Conclusions These results suggest that natural immunity is weak/scarce and reinforce that infected professionals should be vaccinated against COVID-19. This measure, together with the protective (collective plus individuals) actions, maximize workers protection against new infections, as well as the safety of patients of the institution.
{"title":"Determinação sequencial de Anticorpos IGg Anti-Spike SARS-COV-2 seis meses após infeção Covid-19 em Profissionais de Saúde de um Hospital Central Português","authors":"Sara Matos, Maria Almeida, Ana Duarte, M. Miranda","doi":"10.31252/rpso.22.01.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31252/rpso.22.01.2022","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Healthcare workers were heavily exposed to repetitive viral loads during the SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic. The duration and effectiveness of post-infection immunity remains an unclear question. The determination of serum IgG anti-S/SARS-CoV-2 (IgG/anti-S) antibodies is the only feasible way to assess immunity against this virus. Methods We’ve identified 193 RT-PCR/SARS-CoV-2 positive from a total of 4200 healthcare workers from an university hospital between March-May 2020. Serum IgG/anti-S was determined by chemiluminescence immunoassay in three anonymized quarterly samples to comparison of mean concentrations over the six months of observation (cut-off defined by the manufacturer: ≥1AU/mL). Disease severity was classified as asymptomatic, mild/moderate and severe/very severe. Results 76.2% were infected women, with mean ( ) age 39.6±11.7 year; men mean age 41.1±13.0 years, and women/men ratio 3.2. 93.8% worked in high-risk areas and 72.5% were nurses or assistants. Regarding the severity, 7.8% had asymptomatic infection and 6.7% had serious illness with inpatient management. 8.3% refused to participate on serologic testing, so 177 participants were included. In the first determination, 73.5% had IgG/anti-S(+ve) (144/166 samples) with 12.5±9.1 AU/mL, collected at =50.3±15.3 days after symptoms onset. At the second time, 47.9% (80/167) had positive results, with IgG/anti-S =2.7±4.9 UA/mL, =143.1±43.9 days after symptoms. The third moment had 27.7% positive results, with IgG/anti-S =1.3±2.8 AU/mL, =241.3±75.5 days after symptoms. Discussion A progressive decrease in mean IgG/anti-S titers was evident during the first six months after SARS-CoV-2 infection, in consonance with the available data, with 13% of professionals presenting antibody levels below the threshold of positivity a month and a half after infection, 52% after four and 72% after six months. We also found that even those with positive titers, at six months, approached the cutoff point, showing a downward curve. Conclusions These results suggest that natural immunity is weak/scarce and reinforce that infected professionals should be vaccinated against COVID-19. This measure, together with the protective (collective plus individuals) actions, maximize workers protection against new infections, as well as the safety of patients of the institution.","PeriodicalId":114994,"journal":{"name":"Revista Portuguesa de Saúde Ocupacional","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115778769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.31252/rpso.02.04.2022
Germano Couto, Margarida Ferreira, Joana Teixeira, Susana Gregório, L. Santos, F. Sampaio
Introduction Most work-related musculoskeletal injuries develop over time and there is usually no single cause for these injuries, but they are usually the result of a combination of several factors. Physical causes and organizational risk factors include load handling, repetitive or strenuous movements, incorrect and static postures, thermic discomfort, exposure to vibrations and working at a fast pace. The employer is responsible for implementing a risk prevention/reduction plan, allowing workers to play their part in creating a healthy work environment. By being available to be approached, showing sensitivity, and promoting a supportive work environment, management will not only allow workers to ventilate their problems and encourage them to find solutions to them. Objectives To identify the contents and structure of a labor gymnastics program for health professionals and evaluate its content validity regarding its periodicity, duration, and type of exercises. Methods An e-Delphi technique was used with three rounds, and a sample of fifteen experts (two physiotherapists, six rehabilitation nurses, two physical education teachers, and five higher education health professors) was enrolled. Inclusion criteria were to have a minimum of ten years of professional experience, a minimum academic degree of Master (Doctor for professors), and previous experience developing physical activity programs in a work context (preferential). In the first open round, the experts identified the requirements regarding the periodicity, duration, and type of exercises that comprise a labor gymnastics program targeting health professionals working in hospital settings. The second and third closed rounds attempted to obtain the necessary consensus on the issues identified in the previous rounds. The consensus was set to a minimum of 70% similarity. Results The experts agreed that the periodicity of a labor gymnastics program depends on the type of work activity. About the duration of the program, ten to fifteen minutes per session was advised. The professional in charge of the labor gymnastics sessions should be a rehabilitation nurse, physiotherapist, or any other professional adequately trained. The appropriate time to perform the sessions of labor gymnastics should be at the beginning and during work shifts, although that would depend on the type of work performed. The type of exercises to include in the program should be adequate to the work activity developed, taking particular account ergonomic and psychological issues, consisting of stretching exercises, postural correction, relaxation, and joint mobility exercises. Conclusion The present study allowed to identify a workout program’s structure and contents for health professionals and evaluate its validity. Considering these data, it seems now essential to carry out a randomized controlled study to evaluate the effectiveness of the developed program. Keywords: work, labor gymnastic, health professions, periodici
{"title":"Avaliação da Validade de Conteúdo de um Programa de Ginástica Laboral para Profissionais de Saúde: um estudo E- Delphi","authors":"Germano Couto, Margarida Ferreira, Joana Teixeira, Susana Gregório, L. Santos, F. Sampaio","doi":"10.31252/rpso.02.04.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31252/rpso.02.04.2022","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Most work-related musculoskeletal injuries develop over time and there is usually no single cause for these injuries, but they are usually the result of a combination of several factors. Physical causes and organizational risk factors include load handling, repetitive or strenuous movements, incorrect and static postures, thermic discomfort, exposure to vibrations and working at a fast pace. The employer is responsible for implementing a risk prevention/reduction plan, allowing workers to play their part in creating a healthy work environment. By being available to be approached, showing sensitivity, and promoting a supportive work environment, management will not only allow workers to ventilate their problems and encourage them to find solutions to them. Objectives To identify the contents and structure of a labor gymnastics program for health professionals and evaluate its content validity regarding its periodicity, duration, and type of exercises. Methods An e-Delphi technique was used with three rounds, and a sample of fifteen experts (two physiotherapists, six rehabilitation nurses, two physical education teachers, and five higher education health professors) was enrolled. Inclusion criteria were to have a minimum of ten years of professional experience, a minimum academic degree of Master (Doctor for professors), and previous experience developing physical activity programs in a work context (preferential). In the first open round, the experts identified the requirements regarding the periodicity, duration, and type of exercises that comprise a labor gymnastics program targeting health professionals working in hospital settings. The second and third closed rounds attempted to obtain the necessary consensus on the issues identified in the previous rounds. The consensus was set to a minimum of 70% similarity. Results The experts agreed that the periodicity of a labor gymnastics program depends on the type of work activity. About the duration of the program, ten to fifteen minutes per session was advised. The professional in charge of the labor gymnastics sessions should be a rehabilitation nurse, physiotherapist, or any other professional adequately trained. The appropriate time to perform the sessions of labor gymnastics should be at the beginning and during work shifts, although that would depend on the type of work performed. The type of exercises to include in the program should be adequate to the work activity developed, taking particular account ergonomic and psychological issues, consisting of stretching exercises, postural correction, relaxation, and joint mobility exercises. Conclusion The present study allowed to identify a workout program’s structure and contents for health professionals and evaluate its validity. Considering these data, it seems now essential to carry out a randomized controlled study to evaluate the effectiveness of the developed program. Keywords: work, labor gymnastic, health professions, periodici","PeriodicalId":114994,"journal":{"name":"Revista Portuguesa de Saúde Ocupacional","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134127204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.31252/rpso.26.03.2022
A. Ventura, C. Cortez, T. Oliveira, Armando Silva
Introduction Currently, the world is going through a major challenge in the context of public health, after the emergence of COVID-19 pandemic. This problem, in addition to cause inconvenience to the population, proves to be an inducing factor for occupational stress for those who need to face the virus directly, the healthcare workers. Objectives What is the level of occupational stress among health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic? What are the possible strategies to be adopted by the occupational health service in order to provide support and follow-up to health professionals? Based on the questions raised, the aim is to analyze which individual and organizational variables predispose healthcare workers to higher levels of occupational stress during the COVID-19 pandemic and identify which strategies should be adopted by occupational health services, to provide support to their workers Methodology This is an integrative literature review, initiated through research carried out in February 2021, in the scientific databases CINAHL plus with full text, Medline with full text, Academic Search Complete, MedicLatina, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection and Repositório Científico do Instituto Nacional de Saúde. Results Seven articles were included. Through the studies analyzed, it was possible to conclude that the workload of healthcare workers increased during the pandemic. Healthy lifestyle habits were neglected by those professionals and the consumption of alcohol, tobacco and sugar increased. Females and professionals with fewer years of experience, lower educational qualifications or with less income earnings experienced higher levels of stress. Conclusions Due to the COVID-19 pandemic that has spread around the world, a mental health emergency is now considered. A large number of professionals work in jobs that are already considered to generate high levels of stress. Healthcare workers are an indisputable example. During a pandemic, they often have to work longer and stay for continuous shifts, in addition to the recommended hours. Health professionals presented themselves as a population with high levels of stress in a pandemic context, so the great majority of them mention the importance of having psychological support available. Through the identification of which individual and organizational variables predispose healthcare workers to higher levels of occupational stress during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is possible to plan and develop strategies that mitigate or eliminate the effects caused, providing an improvement in the quality of work life. The articulation between the occupational health and psychology services of the institutions is highlighted. Keywords: COVID-19, Sars-Cov-2, Coronavirus, Occupational stress, Healthcare Workers, Occupational Health Nursing.
当前，在2019冠状病毒病大流行出现后，世界正在经历公共卫生领域的重大挑战。这一问题除了给民众带来不便之外，还证明是那些需要直接面对病毒的医护人员的职业压力的诱发因素。目的COVID-19大流行期间卫生保健工作者的职业压力水平如何?职业健康服务可采取什么策略，为专业医护人员提供支援和跟进服务?根据提出的问题，目的是分析在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间，哪些个人和组织变量易使医护人员面临更高水平的职业压力，并确定职业卫生服务机构应采取哪些策略，为医护人员提供支持。Medline全文，学术搜索完成，拉丁医学，心理学和行为科学集合和Repositório Científico do Instituto Nacional de Saúde。结果共纳入7篇文章。通过分析的研究，可以得出结论，在大流行期间，卫生保健工作者的工作量增加了。健康的生活习惯被这些专业人员忽视，酒精、烟草和糖的消费量增加。经验较少、学历较低或收入较低的女性和专业人士承受的压力更大。由于COVID-19大流行已在全球蔓延，现在考虑进入精神卫生紧急状态。许多专业人士从事的工作已经被认为会产生高水平的压力。医护人员就是一个无可争辩的例子。在大流行期间，除了建议的工作时间外，他们往往不得不延长工作时间，并连续轮班。卫生专业人员将自己描述为在大流行背景下压力很大的人群，因此他们中的绝大多数人都提到了获得心理支持的重要性。通过确定哪些个人和组织变量在COVID-19大流行期间使卫生保健工作者易受更高水平的职业压力，就有可能规划和制定战略，减轻或消除所造成的影响，从而改善工作生活质量。强调了机构的职业健康和心理服务之间的联系。关键词:COVID-19, Sars-Cov-2，冠状病毒，职业压力，医护人员，职业卫生护理
{"title":"O Stress Ocupacional em Profissionais de Saúde durante a Pandemia por Covid-19","authors":"A. Ventura, C. Cortez, T. Oliveira, Armando Silva","doi":"10.31252/rpso.26.03.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31252/rpso.26.03.2022","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Currently, the world is going through a major challenge in the context of public health, after the emergence of COVID-19 pandemic. This problem, in addition to cause inconvenience to the population, proves to be an inducing factor for occupational stress for those who need to face the virus directly, the healthcare workers. Objectives What is the level of occupational stress among health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic? What are the possible strategies to be adopted by the occupational health service in order to provide support and follow-up to health professionals? Based on the questions raised, the aim is to analyze which individual and organizational variables predispose healthcare workers to higher levels of occupational stress during the COVID-19 pandemic and identify which strategies should be adopted by occupational health services, to provide support to their workers Methodology This is an integrative literature review, initiated through research carried out in February 2021, in the scientific databases CINAHL plus with full text, Medline with full text, Academic Search Complete, MedicLatina, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection and Repositório Científico do Instituto Nacional de Saúde. Results Seven articles were included. Through the studies analyzed, it was possible to conclude that the workload of healthcare workers increased during the pandemic. Healthy lifestyle habits were neglected by those professionals and the consumption of alcohol, tobacco and sugar increased. Females and professionals with fewer years of experience, lower educational qualifications or with less income earnings experienced higher levels of stress. Conclusions Due to the COVID-19 pandemic that has spread around the world, a mental health emergency is now considered. A large number of professionals work in jobs that are already considered to generate high levels of stress. Healthcare workers are an indisputable example. During a pandemic, they often have to work longer and stay for continuous shifts, in addition to the recommended hours. Health professionals presented themselves as a population with high levels of stress in a pandemic context, so the great majority of them mention the importance of having psychological support available. Through the identification of which individual and organizational variables predispose healthcare workers to higher levels of occupational stress during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is possible to plan and develop strategies that mitigate or eliminate the effects caused, providing an improvement in the quality of work life. The articulation between the occupational health and psychology services of the institutions is highlighted. Keywords: COVID-19, Sars-Cov-2, Coronavirus, Occupational stress, Healthcare Workers, Occupational Health Nursing.","PeriodicalId":114994,"journal":{"name":"Revista Portuguesa de Saúde Ocupacional","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129252819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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