Patrick D. Willenshofer, Matheus A. Tunes, Hi T. Vo, Lukas Stemper, Markus Alfreider, Oliver Renk, Graeme Greaves, Daniel Kiener, Peter J. Uggowitzer, Stefan Pogatscher
Future human exploration of the solar system demands advanced materials capable of withstanding extreme environments, particularly exposure to solar energetic particle radiation. Current material selection criteria for space applications prioritize a high strength‐to‐weight ratio, high corrosion resistance and manufacturability, favoring age‐hardenable Al‐based alloys. However, conventional precipitation‐hardened Al alloys suffer from irradiation‐assisted dissolution of strengthening phases at doses as low as 0.2 displacements‐per‐atom (dpa), undermining their performance. Furthermore, these alloys develop radiation‐induced defects, such as dislocation loops and voids, even at low doses. This study presents a novel ultrafine‐grained (UFG) Al‐based alloy, designed using the crossover alloying concept and strengthened by T‐phase precipitates, featuring a chemically‐complex structure with 162 atoms in its unit cell composed of Mg 32 (Zn,Al) 49 . It is showed that T‐phase precipitates have exceptional radiation tolerance up to 24 dpa. Owing to the nanoscale UFG structure, dislocation loops are suppressed, and voids are only observed beyond 75 dpa. Microtensile tests up to 20 dpa confirm the preservation of mechanical performance under irradiation. The results underline the potential of this alloy as a radiation‐resistant, lightweight material for future space applications. Three key strategies enable this performance: (i) stabilization of a UFG microstructure, (ii) T‐phase precipitation featuring a highly negative Gibbs free energy and chemically‐complex giant unit cell, and (iii) precise process control to prevent grain growth during heat treatment and irradiation.
{"title":"Radiation‐Resistant Aluminum Alloy for Space Missions in the Extreme Environment of the Solar System","authors":"Patrick D. Willenshofer, Matheus A. Tunes, Hi T. Vo, Lukas Stemper, Markus Alfreider, Oliver Renk, Graeme Greaves, Daniel Kiener, Peter J. Uggowitzer, Stefan Pogatscher","doi":"10.1002/adma.202513450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202513450","url":null,"abstract":"Future human exploration of the solar system demands advanced materials capable of withstanding extreme environments, particularly exposure to solar energetic particle radiation. Current material selection criteria for space applications prioritize a high strength‐to‐weight ratio, high corrosion resistance and manufacturability, favoring age‐hardenable Al‐based alloys. However, conventional precipitation‐hardened Al alloys suffer from irradiation‐assisted dissolution of strengthening phases at doses as low as 0.2 displacements‐per‐atom (dpa), undermining their performance. Furthermore, these alloys develop radiation‐induced defects, such as dislocation loops and voids, even at low doses. This study presents a novel ultrafine‐grained (UFG) Al‐based alloy, designed using the crossover alloying concept and strengthened by T‐phase precipitates, featuring a chemically‐complex structure with 162 atoms in its unit cell composed of Mg <jats:sub>32</jats:sub> (Zn,Al) <jats:sub>49</jats:sub> . It is showed that T‐phase precipitates have exceptional radiation tolerance up to 24 dpa. Owing to the nanoscale UFG structure, dislocation loops are suppressed, and voids are only observed beyond 75 dpa. Microtensile tests up to 20 dpa confirm the preservation of mechanical performance under irradiation. The results underline the potential of this alloy as a radiation‐resistant, lightweight material for future space applications. Three key strategies enable this performance: (i) stabilization of a UFG microstructure, (ii) T‐phase precipitation featuring a highly negative Gibbs free energy and chemically‐complex giant unit cell, and (iii) precise process control to prevent grain growth during heat treatment and irradiation.","PeriodicalId":114,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145752950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Multi-boron/nitrogen/oxygen (B/N/O)-embedded polyaromatics featuring the multiple resonance (MR) effect are popular photoluminescent emitters that meet the BT.2020 blue standard, while they often fail to achieve this in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) because the uneven electron-donating properties of N/O atoms make them sensitive to their surrounding environments. Herein, taking such an emitter as the prototype and developing two triple-borylated isomers (TBNO-1 and TBNO-2) via π-extensions and heteroatom regulations. Both emitters display highly efficient thermally activated delay fluorescence properties and nearly identical narrowband emission with CIE-y coordinates far exceeding the BT.2020 standard in toluene as the prototype does due to their similar core patterns. On the other hand, their emission spectra differ in other environments due to their different interregional charge transfer (IRCT) characters. Importantly, due to the strategically opposed oxygen atoms, TBNO-2 demonstrates uniformly delocalized wavefunctions and a much-suppressed IRCT contribution than TBNO-1, and thus exhibits minimal spectral variations across diverse environments. In OLEDs, while both emitters can afford impressive external quantum efficiency exceeding 40%, only TBNO-2 can afford electroluminescence satisfying the BT.2020 standard with CIE-y coordinate of 0.044. This work offers valuable insights for finely modulating the photophysical properties of MR emitters to realize BT.2020 blue electroluminescence.
{"title":"Inhibition of Interregional Charge Transfer Transition in Asymmetrical Heteroatomic Framework Enables BT.2020 Deep-Blue Electroluminescence with EQE Exceeding 40.","authors":"Shu-Qi Zhang,Zhang-Li Cheng,Hao Wu,Tong-Yuan Zhang,Yong-Liu Yang,Jie Li,Ying-Chun Cheng,Jia Yu,Yi-Zhong Shi,Xiao-Chun Fan,Kai Wang,Xiao-Hong Zhang","doi":"10.1002/adma.202517512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202517512","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-boron/nitrogen/oxygen (B/N/O)-embedded polyaromatics featuring the multiple resonance (MR) effect are popular photoluminescent emitters that meet the BT.2020 blue standard, while they often fail to achieve this in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) because the uneven electron-donating properties of N/O atoms make them sensitive to their surrounding environments. Herein, taking such an emitter as the prototype and developing two triple-borylated isomers (TBNO-1 and TBNO-2) via π-extensions and heteroatom regulations. Both emitters display highly efficient thermally activated delay fluorescence properties and nearly identical narrowband emission with CIE-y coordinates far exceeding the BT.2020 standard in toluene as the prototype does due to their similar core patterns. On the other hand, their emission spectra differ in other environments due to their different interregional charge transfer (IRCT) characters. Importantly, due to the strategically opposed oxygen atoms, TBNO-2 demonstrates uniformly delocalized wavefunctions and a much-suppressed IRCT contribution than TBNO-1, and thus exhibits minimal spectral variations across diverse environments. In OLEDs, while both emitters can afford impressive external quantum efficiency exceeding 40%, only TBNO-2 can afford electroluminescence satisfying the BT.2020 standard with CIE-y coordinate of 0.044. This work offers valuable insights for finely modulating the photophysical properties of MR emitters to realize BT.2020 blue electroluminescence.","PeriodicalId":114,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials","volume":"12 1","pages":"e17512"},"PeriodicalIF":29.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145752597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eva von Contzen,Julia von Ditfurth,Fabian Stroth,Bastian E Rapp
Since its earliest developments, glass has held a unique place in cultural history. Remarkably, many surviving glass artefacts from premodern times still surpass some of today's standard processing techniques, with effects and qualities that feel strikingly contemporary. Valued for its optical purity, chemical and thermal resistance, hardness, and fragile beauty, glass has long captivated both artists and craftsmen. This paper proposes examining glasses within their cultural contexts as a source of inspiration for modern materials science. Throughout history, glass has held societal and symbolic significance, with diverse cultural accounts detailing its properties and uses. While not all historical records describe glass with scientific accuracy, many offer imaginative perspectives that can inform new developments. Just as fields like bionics and biomimetics look to nature for innovation, a culturally reflective scientific approach is suggested to glass material science, a concept "Archeo-Inspiration" is termed. This concept draws from the material knowledge and creative uses of past societies to inspire future advancements in glass technology and material systems. The aim is to move beyond purely technical evaluation by reconnecting with the rich heritage of glassmaking within its cultural and historical framework. In doing so, the hope is to offer both a retrospective appreciation and a forward-looking vision for material systems in the 21st century, grounded in the enduring legacy of one of humanity's most versatile and symbolically charged materials.
{"title":"Archeo-Inspiration from the Cultural History of Glass: Historic Accounts, Anecdotes and Hard Facts as Challenges to Modern Material Science.","authors":"Eva von Contzen,Julia von Ditfurth,Fabian Stroth,Bastian E Rapp","doi":"10.1002/adma.202512937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202512937","url":null,"abstract":"Since its earliest developments, glass has held a unique place in cultural history. Remarkably, many surviving glass artefacts from premodern times still surpass some of today's standard processing techniques, with effects and qualities that feel strikingly contemporary. Valued for its optical purity, chemical and thermal resistance, hardness, and fragile beauty, glass has long captivated both artists and craftsmen. This paper proposes examining glasses within their cultural contexts as a source of inspiration for modern materials science. Throughout history, glass has held societal and symbolic significance, with diverse cultural accounts detailing its properties and uses. While not all historical records describe glass with scientific accuracy, many offer imaginative perspectives that can inform new developments. Just as fields like bionics and biomimetics look to nature for innovation, a culturally reflective scientific approach is suggested to glass material science, a concept \"Archeo-Inspiration\" is termed. This concept draws from the material knowledge and creative uses of past societies to inspire future advancements in glass technology and material systems. The aim is to move beyond purely technical evaluation by reconnecting with the rich heritage of glassmaking within its cultural and historical framework. In doing so, the hope is to offer both a retrospective appreciation and a forward-looking vision for material systems in the 21st century, grounded in the enduring legacy of one of humanity's most versatile and symbolically charged materials.","PeriodicalId":114,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials","volume":"44 1","pages":"e12937"},"PeriodicalIF":29.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145752599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Excessive energy loss (Eloss) remains a primary bottleneck limiting further efficiency improvements in organic solar cells (OSCs). Mitigating energy losses is therefore a key prerequisite for advancing organic photovoltaic technologies. Rational acceptor molecular design that modulates the dielectric constant and exciton-vibration coupling of the active layer has emerged as a particularly promising route to achieving this goal. Herein, a platinum-complex-based non-fullerene acceptor (PtHD) is designed and synthesized. The molecule features high planarity and backbone rigidity, which effectively suppresses exciton-vibration coupling. Integrating the Pt coordination unit amplifies the molecular dipole moment and polarizability, consequently enhancing the dielectric constant of the active layer. A binary device based on D18/PtHD achieves a high open-circuit voltage of 0.938 V with a reduced Eloss of 0.525 eV. Building on this achievement, by introducing PtHD as a guest component into the D18/L8-BO system and employing a layer-by-layer deposition strategy to control the vertical distribution, the ternary device demonstrates an minimized Eloss and superior exciton separation, culminating in a remarkably high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.52%. This work highlights the crucial role of metal-complex acceptors in managing energy loss and charge dynamics, thus providing a molecular design paradigm to develop highly efficient organic photovoltaics.
{"title":"Platinum-Complex Acceptor Modulating Dielectric Constant and Exciton-Vibration Coupling for High-Efficiency Organic Solar Cells with Suppressed Energy Loss.","authors":"Huajun Xu,Xinyue Jiang,Yanna Sun,Lingya Sun,Wentao Zou,Shizhao Liu,Shengwei Shen,Tengxiang Gao,Chuangcheng Hong,Xunchang Wang,Chuanlin Gao,Dongcheng Jiang,Jianan Zheng,Xianshao Zou,Wei Zhang,Guangye Zhang,Hang Yin,Renqiang Yang,Deyu Liu,Yuanyuan Kan,Ke Gao","doi":"10.1002/adma.202520639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202520639","url":null,"abstract":"Excessive energy loss (Eloss) remains a primary bottleneck limiting further efficiency improvements in organic solar cells (OSCs). Mitigating energy losses is therefore a key prerequisite for advancing organic photovoltaic technologies. Rational acceptor molecular design that modulates the dielectric constant and exciton-vibration coupling of the active layer has emerged as a particularly promising route to achieving this goal. Herein, a platinum-complex-based non-fullerene acceptor (PtHD) is designed and synthesized. The molecule features high planarity and backbone rigidity, which effectively suppresses exciton-vibration coupling. Integrating the Pt coordination unit amplifies the molecular dipole moment and polarizability, consequently enhancing the dielectric constant of the active layer. A binary device based on D18/PtHD achieves a high open-circuit voltage of 0.938 V with a reduced Eloss of 0.525 eV. Building on this achievement, by introducing PtHD as a guest component into the D18/L8-BO system and employing a layer-by-layer deposition strategy to control the vertical distribution, the ternary device demonstrates an minimized Eloss and superior exciton separation, culminating in a remarkably high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.52%. This work highlights the crucial role of metal-complex acceptors in managing energy loss and charge dynamics, thus providing a molecular design paradigm to develop highly efficient organic photovoltaics.","PeriodicalId":114,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials","volume":"29 1","pages":"e20639"},"PeriodicalIF":29.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145752600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Toxic lead-based dielectrics dominate high-performance capacitors, creating urgent environmental and supply-chain challenges. Multi-polar order engineering is deployed to create an industrially scalable lead-free perovskite achieving simultaneous record efficiency (η ≈ 95%) and energy density (12 J cm-3). Phase-field simulations are also used to guide micro-to-nano domain design to construct switchable polar nano region that delay polarization saturation. Crucially, sub-angstrom electronic state optimization - previously unexplored in energy storage dielectrics - is revealed as pivotal: synchrotron XAS quantifies Nb-O dipole ionicity enhancement via electronic polarization, while atomic-resolution electron microscopy statistically confirms bond-length homogenization and distortion reduction that structurally anchor this effect. This hierarchical atomic-to-electronic control reshapes the electrical microstructure, enabling unified charge dynamics (validated by DRT analysis) that deliver ultrafast field response (<32 ns discharge) and exceptional thermal resilience (< ±4% current fluctuation, 25-150 °C). Fabricated from commodity precursors, the material eliminates the reliance on rare-earth precursors that are common in PLZT production, significantly lowering costs while mitigating environmental impacts. Overall, this work establishes a sustainable pathway for grid-scale power electronics.
{"title":"Multi-Polar Order Engineering Enables Near-Ideal Efficiency in Lead-Free Energy Storage Perovskite.","authors":"Yongbo Fan,Wanbo Qu,Ke Xu,Xiyang Wang,Jie Dai,Yao Su,Yuxin Jia,Lin Lei,Shuwen Zhu,Luwei Peng,Yuxuan Yang,Saiwei Luan,Yang Zhang,Lei Zhang,Shuhui Yu,Molly Meng-Jung Li,Weijia Wang,Huiqing Fan,Haijun Wu,Houbing Huang,Haitao Huang","doi":"10.1002/adma.202518270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202518270","url":null,"abstract":"Toxic lead-based dielectrics dominate high-performance capacitors, creating urgent environmental and supply-chain challenges. Multi-polar order engineering is deployed to create an industrially scalable lead-free perovskite achieving simultaneous record efficiency (η ≈ 95%) and energy density (12 J cm-3). Phase-field simulations are also used to guide micro-to-nano domain design to construct switchable polar nano region that delay polarization saturation. Crucially, sub-angstrom electronic state optimization - previously unexplored in energy storage dielectrics - is revealed as pivotal: synchrotron XAS quantifies Nb-O dipole ionicity enhancement via electronic polarization, while atomic-resolution electron microscopy statistically confirms bond-length homogenization and distortion reduction that structurally anchor this effect. This hierarchical atomic-to-electronic control reshapes the electrical microstructure, enabling unified charge dynamics (validated by DRT analysis) that deliver ultrafast field response (<32 ns discharge) and exceptional thermal resilience (< ±4% current fluctuation, 25-150 °C). Fabricated from commodity precursors, the material eliminates the reliance on rare-earth precursors that are common in PLZT production, significantly lowering costs while mitigating environmental impacts. Overall, this work establishes a sustainable pathway for grid-scale power electronics.","PeriodicalId":114,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials","volume":"17 1","pages":"e18270"},"PeriodicalIF":29.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145752598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Organic phosphorescence, which arises from the radiative decay of triplet excitons, has garnered significant interest owing to its exceptional photophysical properties and diverse application potential. However, the intrinsically vulnerable triplet excitons are highly susceptible to environmental factors such as heat, oxygen, and solvents, which significantly compromise the operational stability and durability of organic phosphorescent materials (OPMs). The triplet excitons undergo rapid deactivation via thermal dissipation, oxygen-mediated energy transfer, and solvent-induced collapse of rigid microenvironments, leading to severe phosphorescence quenching. Supramolecular multivalent synergy offers an effective strategy for stabilizing triplet excitons, thereby extending beyond ambient stability to sustained phosphorescence under harsh conditions, resulting in robust organic harsh-condition phosphorescence (HCP) materials. This review provides a timely and systematic introduction to recent advances in HCP materials, including design and construction strategies, unique optoelectronic properties, underlying stabilization mechanisms, and promising applications. In addition, the summary section highlights pivotal challenges and emerging perspectives within this field to suggest feasible pathways for future research endeavors. This review not only establishes design principles for HCP materials by decoding supramolecular multivalent synergy in triplet exciton stabilization but also paves new avenues toward practical applications.
{"title":"Supramolecular Multivalent Synergy Enabling Harsh-Condition Phosphorescence.","authors":"Min Qi,Martina Plank,Guangqiang Yin,Tao Chen","doi":"10.1002/adma.202520851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202520851","url":null,"abstract":"Organic phosphorescence, which arises from the radiative decay of triplet excitons, has garnered significant interest owing to its exceptional photophysical properties and diverse application potential. However, the intrinsically vulnerable triplet excitons are highly susceptible to environmental factors such as heat, oxygen, and solvents, which significantly compromise the operational stability and durability of organic phosphorescent materials (OPMs). The triplet excitons undergo rapid deactivation via thermal dissipation, oxygen-mediated energy transfer, and solvent-induced collapse of rigid microenvironments, leading to severe phosphorescence quenching. Supramolecular multivalent synergy offers an effective strategy for stabilizing triplet excitons, thereby extending beyond ambient stability to sustained phosphorescence under harsh conditions, resulting in robust organic harsh-condition phosphorescence (HCP) materials. This review provides a timely and systematic introduction to recent advances in HCP materials, including design and construction strategies, unique optoelectronic properties, underlying stabilization mechanisms, and promising applications. In addition, the summary section highlights pivotal challenges and emerging perspectives within this field to suggest feasible pathways for future research endeavors. This review not only establishes design principles for HCP materials by decoding supramolecular multivalent synergy in triplet exciton stabilization but also paves new avenues toward practical applications.","PeriodicalId":114,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials","volume":"146 1","pages":"e20851"},"PeriodicalIF":29.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145752596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joseph G Kirchhoff,Saeed Khaleghi,Greg Haugstad,Tyler B Hudson,Mehran Tehrani
The processing of thermoplastic composites is often limited by high energy demands and slow cycle times. Out-of-autoclave amorphous/crystalline thermoplastic materials for energy-efficient aerospace-grade laminates (OATMEAL) addresses these challenges through a unique prepreg architecture. OATMEAL consists of slow-cooled carbon fiber-reinforced semicrystalline polyetheretherketone (PEEK) tape sheathed in thin amorphous polyetherimide (PEI) layers. The PEI sheaths are miscible with PEEK and enable interfacial healing below the melting point of PEEK-preserving pre-existing crystallinity and reducing processing temperatures by 80 °C. The sheaths are thinned via high-frequency laser ablation down to the PEEK-PEI blending regions, thereby reducing residual stresses and promoting chemical resistance. Fast-cooled vacuum-bag-only oven processing of OATMEAL laminates yields aerospace-quality parts while enabling processing speeds more than five times faster and reducing energy use by roughly 75% compared with conventional methods. These results represent a significant advancement and a step toward truly high-rate, large-scale aerostructure manufacturing.
{"title":"Sub-Melt Consolidation of Aerospace-Grade Thermoplastic Composites for High-Rate Processing.","authors":"Joseph G Kirchhoff,Saeed Khaleghi,Greg Haugstad,Tyler B Hudson,Mehran Tehrani","doi":"10.1002/adma.202514390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202514390","url":null,"abstract":"The processing of thermoplastic composites is often limited by high energy demands and slow cycle times. Out-of-autoclave amorphous/crystalline thermoplastic materials for energy-efficient aerospace-grade laminates (OATMEAL) addresses these challenges through a unique prepreg architecture. OATMEAL consists of slow-cooled carbon fiber-reinforced semicrystalline polyetheretherketone (PEEK) tape sheathed in thin amorphous polyetherimide (PEI) layers. The PEI sheaths are miscible with PEEK and enable interfacial healing below the melting point of PEEK-preserving pre-existing crystallinity and reducing processing temperatures by 80 °C. The sheaths are thinned via high-frequency laser ablation down to the PEEK-PEI blending regions, thereby reducing residual stresses and promoting chemical resistance. Fast-cooled vacuum-bag-only oven processing of OATMEAL laminates yields aerospace-quality parts while enabling processing speeds more than five times faster and reducing energy use by roughly 75% compared with conventional methods. These results represent a significant advancement and a step toward truly high-rate, large-scale aerostructure manufacturing.","PeriodicalId":114,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials","volume":"1 1","pages":"e14390"},"PeriodicalIF":29.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145752595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) models play crucial roles in therapeutic discovery and fundamental research. However, current models have limited success at accurately simulating in vivo microenvironment and lacking intricate cellular cross‐talk. Here, this work presents a human in vitro RA model that faithfully captures functional and compositional properties of cartilage and synovial lining in vivo, established with chondrocytes recellularized type II collagen scaffold and 3D‐bioprinted bi‐layered Gelatin‐Matrigel hydrogel incorporating fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLS) and proinflammatory macrophages in the top layer and protective barrier macrophages in the bottom layer. This synovium‐cartilage system recapitulates key inflammatory processes akin to RA, including enhanced production of proinflammatory mediators and degradative enzymes, as well as reactive oxygen species generation, invasion of FLS into cartilage, phenotypic alterations of macrophages and the depletion of cartilaginous extracellular matrix components. The established model enables effective screening of anti‐arthritis drugs, which is validated by leveraging celecoxib and tofacitinib. Furthermore, the transcriptomic and proteomic landscape of this model demonstrates accuracy in replicating in vivo pathological conditions. Notably, this in vitro model reflects the response of the disease to the drug compared to the rat model of RA. Overall, this study provides reliable in vitro human synovium‐cartilage models for screening preclinical drugs in RA therapeutics.
{"title":"3D Bioprinted Human Synovium‐Cartilage Models Mimic Rheumatoid Arthritis Microenvironment and Recapitulate In Vivo Therapeutic Responses","authors":"Huiqun Zhou, Zhen Zhang, Yulei Mu, Liang Ma, Xu Hu, Bangheng Liu, Dong‐An Wang","doi":"10.1002/adma.202513952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202513952","url":null,"abstract":"Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) models play crucial roles in therapeutic discovery and fundamental research. However, current models have limited success at accurately simulating in vivo microenvironment and lacking intricate cellular cross‐talk. Here, this work presents a human in vitro RA model that faithfully captures functional and compositional properties of cartilage and synovial lining in vivo, established with chondrocytes recellularized type II collagen scaffold and 3D‐bioprinted bi‐layered Gelatin‐Matrigel hydrogel incorporating fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLS) and proinflammatory macrophages in the top layer and protective barrier macrophages in the bottom layer. This synovium‐cartilage system recapitulates key inflammatory processes akin to RA, including enhanced production of proinflammatory mediators and degradative enzymes, as well as reactive oxygen species generation, invasion of FLS into cartilage, phenotypic alterations of macrophages and the depletion of cartilaginous extracellular matrix components. The established model enables effective screening of anti‐arthritis drugs, which is validated by leveraging celecoxib and tofacitinib. Furthermore, the transcriptomic and proteomic landscape of this model demonstrates accuracy in replicating in vivo pathological conditions. Notably, this in vitro model reflects the response of the disease to the drug compared to the rat model of RA. Overall, this study provides reliable in vitro human synovium‐cartilage models for screening preclinical drugs in RA therapeutics.","PeriodicalId":114,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145731884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Iron‐based adsorbents are promising candidates for phosphorus removal, whereas the current progress suffers from the effectiveness of their Lewis acid sites. Herein, an innovative strategy is proposed to modulates Lewis acidity by switching high‐spin (HS) Fe 3+ to activate t2g → eg orbital electron transitions. Results demonstrate that the weak field ligand effect of sulfur (S) reduces the orbital splitting energy in ferrihydrite (Fh), inducing the generation of HS Fe 3+ ( eg filling ≈0.983). Compared to pristine Fh, the HS S‐Fh exhibits an elevated number of unpaired d electrons (2.36→3.45), thereby significantly increasing its Lewis acidity. Mechanistic studies reveal that improved electron transfer between P–O bonds and Fe centers, together with strengthened d–p orbital hybridization, promotes phosphate adsorption, resulting in a 146‐fold improvement in adsorption kinetics. Remarkably, S‐Fh continuous‐flow reactor maintains ≈100% phosphate removal after treating over 1200 bed volumes of wastewater. This work emphasizes the crucial role of spin state in regulating Lewis acidity and provides a new design strategy for highly efficient adsorbents.
铁基吸附剂是很有前途的除磷候选材料，然而目前的进展受到其路易斯酸位点的有效性的影响。本文提出了一种创新策略，通过切换高自旋（HS） Fe 3+来激活t 2g→eg轨道电子跃迁来调节刘易斯酸度。结果表明，硫(S)的弱场配体效应降低了水合铁（Fh）中的轨道分裂能，导致HS fe3 +的生成（eg填充≈0.983）。与原始Fh相比，HS S - Fh显示出更高的未配对d电子数（2.36→3.45），从而显着提高了其刘易斯酸度。机理研究表明，P-O键和Fe中心之间电子转移的改善，以及d-p轨道杂化的加强，促进了磷酸盐的吸附，从而使吸附动力学提高了146倍。值得注意的是，S - Fh连续流反应器在处理超过1200床体积的废水后仍保持约100%的磷酸盐去除率。这项工作强调了自旋态在调节路易斯酸度中的重要作用，并为高效吸附剂的设计提供了一种新的策略。
{"title":"Spin‐State Switching Modulates Lewis Acidity in Ferrihydrite for Enhanced Phosphate Capture","authors":"Xin Sheng, Fang Bian, Yu Li, Yangyang Li, Zhiwei Zhao, Li Li, Caisheng Li, Hui Shi, Penghui Shao, Liming Yang, Xubiao Luo, Wenxin Shi","doi":"10.1002/adma.202519105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202519105","url":null,"abstract":"Iron‐based adsorbents are promising candidates for phosphorus removal, whereas the current progress suffers from the effectiveness of their Lewis acid sites. Herein, an innovative strategy is proposed to modulates Lewis acidity by switching high‐spin (HS) Fe <jats:sup>3+</jats:sup> to activate <jats:italic>t</jats:italic> <jats:sub>2g</jats:sub> → <jats:italic>e</jats:italic> <jats:sub>g</jats:sub> orbital electron transitions. Results demonstrate that the weak field ligand effect of sulfur (S) reduces the orbital splitting energy in ferrihydrite (Fh), inducing the generation of HS Fe <jats:sup>3+</jats:sup> ( <jats:italic>e</jats:italic> <jats:sub>g</jats:sub> filling ≈0.983). Compared to pristine Fh, the HS S‐Fh exhibits an elevated number of unpaired <jats:italic>d</jats:italic> electrons (2.36→3.45), thereby significantly increasing its Lewis acidity. Mechanistic studies reveal that improved electron transfer between P–O bonds and Fe centers, together with strengthened d–p orbital hybridization, promotes phosphate adsorption, resulting in a 146‐fold improvement in adsorption kinetics. Remarkably, S‐Fh continuous‐flow reactor maintains ≈100% phosphate removal after treating over 1200 bed volumes of wastewater. This work emphasizes the crucial role of spin state in regulating Lewis acidity and provides a new design strategy for highly efficient adsorbents.","PeriodicalId":114,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145732001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ziyue Wang, Tianzhao Bu, Jie Cao, Ruifei Luan, Sicheng Dong, Yuan Feng, Beibei Fan, Zhichao Jiang, Zhong Lin Wang, Chi Zhang
Interactive sensing displays with ultrahigh resolution are critically important for next‐generation human‐machine interfaces and near‐eye display technologies, yet their development has been hindered by fabrication and material limitations. Here, a nanoscale confined tribo‐ion‐photonic device has been proposed, consisting of a counterion‐electromigration‐confined ion‐gel, a poly(2,5‐bis(3‐alkylthiophen‐2‐yl)thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene) (PBTTT) active layer, and an electrode, which achieves ultrahigh spatial resolution through nanoscale‐triboelectrification‐tuned ion injection. The electrical conductivity and photoluminescence intensity of the PBTTT layer can be precisely modulated by scan force, scan rate, scan cycles, and applied bias of the atomic microscopy tip. The device exhibits excellent reversibility and a record‐breaking spatial resolution of 42333 pixels per inch. On the basis, patterns with fine structure are successfully written and stored in the device and can be instantaneously read out due to the electrochromic phenomenon even under ambient lighting conditions. This work established a novel approach to ultrahigh‐resolution imaging by combining triboelectricity with organic semiconductor devices, opening new possibilities for applications in visualized tactile imaging, polymer‐based nano‐optoelectronics, and nano‐opto‐electro‐mechanical systems.
{"title":"Nanoscale Confined Tribo‐Ion‐Photonics for Ultrahigh‐Resolution Imaging","authors":"Ziyue Wang, Tianzhao Bu, Jie Cao, Ruifei Luan, Sicheng Dong, Yuan Feng, Beibei Fan, Zhichao Jiang, Zhong Lin Wang, Chi Zhang","doi":"10.1002/adma.202515545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202515545","url":null,"abstract":"Interactive sensing displays with ultrahigh resolution are critically important for next‐generation human‐machine interfaces and near‐eye display technologies, yet their development has been hindered by fabrication and material limitations. Here, a nanoscale confined tribo‐ion‐photonic device has been proposed, consisting of a counterion‐electromigration‐confined ion‐gel, a poly(2,5‐bis(3‐alkylthiophen‐2‐yl)thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene) (PBTTT) active layer, and an electrode, which achieves ultrahigh spatial resolution through nanoscale‐triboelectrification‐tuned ion injection. The electrical conductivity and photoluminescence intensity of the PBTTT layer can be precisely modulated by scan force, scan rate, scan cycles, and applied bias of the atomic microscopy tip. The device exhibits excellent reversibility and a record‐breaking spatial resolution of 42333 pixels per inch. On the basis, patterns with fine structure are successfully written and stored in the device and can be instantaneously read out due to the electrochromic phenomenon even under ambient lighting conditions. This work established a novel approach to ultrahigh‐resolution imaging by combining triboelectricity with organic semiconductor devices, opening new possibilities for applications in visualized tactile imaging, polymer‐based nano‐optoelectronics, and nano‐opto‐electro‐mechanical systems.","PeriodicalId":114,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145732009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：