Advanced holographic techniques are increasingly demanded for high-capacity and secure information processing. In this context, orbital angular momentum (OAM) stands out as a powerful resource for optical multiplexing, offering access to an unbounded set of orthogonal modes. To harness this potential, metasurfaces, with their considerable ability to control light, have emerged as key platforms for OAM-multiplexed holography. Nevertheless, conventional OAM holography suffers from limited polarization engineering capabilities due to the lack of chirality control in single-layer metasurfaces. Here, we introduce a bi-layer metasurface architecture that realizes total angular momentum (TAM) vectorial holography, where TAM represents the combination of spin angular momentum (SAM, equivalent to polarization) and OAM of light. In contrast to previous approaches, this scheme enables true polarization-OAM multiplexing, facilitating the independent generation of vectorial holographic images for each orthogonal TAM input state. This concept is validated numerically and experimentally, confirming the feasibility of TAM vectorial holography. The proposed scheme can be easily integrated with other recent holography generation approaches, such as vector beam multiplexing and bidirectional holography, thereby further expanding its multiplexing capability. This work establishes a versatile framework for advanced full-vectorial holography, showing how metasurfaces can unlock multiplexing strategies for emerging photonic systems.
{"title":"Arbitrary Total Angular Momentum Vectorial Holography Using Bi-Layer Metasurfaces.","authors":"Joonkyo Jung, Hyeonhee Kim, Jonghwa Shin","doi":"10.1002/adma.202519106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202519106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Advanced holographic techniques are increasingly demanded for high-capacity and secure information processing. In this context, orbital angular momentum (OAM) stands out as a powerful resource for optical multiplexing, offering access to an unbounded set of orthogonal modes. To harness this potential, metasurfaces, with their considerable ability to control light, have emerged as key platforms for OAM-multiplexed holography. Nevertheless, conventional OAM holography suffers from limited polarization engineering capabilities due to the lack of chirality control in single-layer metasurfaces. Here, we introduce a bi-layer metasurface architecture that realizes total angular momentum (TAM) vectorial holography, where TAM represents the combination of spin angular momentum (SAM, equivalent to polarization) and OAM of light. In contrast to previous approaches, this scheme enables true polarization-OAM multiplexing, facilitating the independent generation of vectorial holographic images for each orthogonal TAM input state. This concept is validated numerically and experimentally, confirming the feasibility of TAM vectorial holography. The proposed scheme can be easily integrated with other recent holography generation approaches, such as vector beam multiplexing and bidirectional holography, thereby further expanding its multiplexing capability. This work establishes a versatile framework for advanced full-vectorial holography, showing how metasurfaces can unlock multiplexing strategies for emerging photonic systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":114,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials","volume":" ","pages":"e19106"},"PeriodicalIF":26.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146140322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Postoperative tumor recurrence remains a significant challenge for the long-term survival of patients. Although synergistic combination therapies involving photothermal therapy and local chemotherapy show considerable promise, critical obstacles remain to clinical translation, such as insufficient temperature monitoring and the difficulty in integrating multiple therapeutic functions. Herein, we report a wireless, bioresorbable postoperative treatment system that integrates temperature feedback, photothermal therapy, and on-demand drug release within a single implantable platform. An asymmetrically interconnected inductive-capacitive (LC) sensor layout enables in situ, real-time temperature monitoring via inductive coupling, while a photothermal patch provides localized heating and controlled drug release. In vitro and in vivo studies, such as the S180 tumor model, demonstrate effective thermal control, stable wireless operation, and enhanced therapeutic efficacy. The device can be implanted after tumor resection surgery to perform its therapeutic functions, and subsequently degrade and be absorbed by the body, providing a multifunctional and clinically compatible strategy for postoperative tumor management.
{"title":"A Wireless, Bioresorbable Postoperative Treatment System with Temperature Feedback, Photothermal, and Drug Combination Therapy","authors":"Huasheng Bi, Hongwei Sheng, Zhaopeng Wang, Qi Wang, Lin Li, Mingxuan Shang, Fengfeng Li, Lei Ma, Jinkun Hu, Daicao Wan, Yafang Li, Mingjiao Shao, Qingfang Liu, Kairong Wang, Jing Wang, Cunjiang Yu, Wei Lan","doi":"10.1002/adma.202522601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202522601","url":null,"abstract":"Postoperative tumor recurrence remains a significant challenge for the long-term survival of patients. Although synergistic combination therapies involving photothermal therapy and local chemotherapy show considerable promise, critical obstacles remain to clinical translation, such as insufficient temperature monitoring and the difficulty in integrating multiple therapeutic functions. Herein, we report a wireless, bioresorbable postoperative treatment system that integrates temperature feedback, photothermal therapy, and on-demand drug release within a single implantable platform. An asymmetrically interconnected inductive-capacitive (LC) sensor layout enables in situ, real-time temperature monitoring via inductive coupling, while a photothermal patch provides localized heating and controlled drug release. In vitro and in vivo studies, such as the S180 tumor model, demonstrate effective thermal control, stable wireless operation, and enhanced therapeutic efficacy. The device can be implanted after tumor resection surgery to perform its therapeutic functions, and subsequently degrade and be absorbed by the body, providing a multifunctional and clinically compatible strategy for postoperative tumor management.","PeriodicalId":114,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146139093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Long-term monitoring of electrolyte dynamics is essential for managing chronic diseases. Conventional diagnostic tests are steadily evolving toward greater convenience, personalization, and accuracy, while wearable microneedle sensors offer a compelling alternative. However, their long-term biocompatibility is hampered by the mechanical stiffness required to penetrate the skin. Here we report a crosslinking–recombination bovine serum albumin (CR-BSA) coating that undergoes a unique stiff-to-soft transition, reconciling insertion capability with tissue compatibility. For Na+ sensing, CR-BSA serves as a functional buffer layer, delivering high sensitivity (70.6 µA/decade) and stability for more than 14 days, while significantly reducing inflammation and fibrosis compared with commercial Nafion coatings. CR-BSA–coated microneedle sensors achieve reliable continuous monitoring of both acute and chronic hyponatremia and hypernatremia for over five days. This stiff-to-soft coating strategy overcomes a central barrier to microneedle sensor integration, advancing the prospects of long-term, minimally invasive electrolyte monitoring for chronic disease management.
长期监测电解质动态是必不可少的管理慢性疾病。传统的诊断测试正朝着更方便、更个性化和更准确的方向稳步发展，而可穿戴微针传感器则提供了一个令人信服的替代方案。然而，它们的长期生物相容性受到穿透皮肤所需的机械刚度的阻碍。在这里，我们报道了一种交联重组牛血清白蛋白（CR-BSA）涂层，它经历了独特的从硬到软的转变，调和了插入能力和组织相容性。对于Na+传感，CR-BSA作为功能性缓冲层，提供高灵敏度（70.6 μ a / 10年）和超过14天的稳定性，同时与商业Nafion涂层相比，显着减少炎症和纤维化。cr - bsa涂层微针传感器可实现5天以上的急性和慢性低钠血症和高钠血症的可靠连续监测。这种从硬到软的涂层策略克服了微针传感器集成的中心障碍，促进了慢性疾病管理中长期、微创电解质监测的前景。
{"title":"Stiff to Soft: A Protein-Based Buffer Layer for Improving the Long-Term Performance of Microneedle Sensors","authors":"Lihao Guo, Youbin Zheng, Shuxiang Xu, Bingbing Feng, Kan Wang, Rou Huang, Gandong Zhou, Chutong Liu, Rawan Omar, Danyao Qu, Jinbao Li, Min Zhang, Weiwei Wu, Guangjian Zhang, Lina Huang, Hossam Haick, Miaomiao Yuan","doi":"10.1002/adma.202520745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202520745","url":null,"abstract":"Long-term monitoring of electrolyte dynamics is essential for managing chronic diseases. Conventional diagnostic tests are steadily evolving toward greater convenience, personalization, and accuracy, while wearable microneedle sensors offer a compelling alternative. However, their long-term biocompatibility is hampered by the mechanical stiffness required to penetrate the skin. Here we report a crosslinking–recombination bovine serum albumin (CR-BSA) coating that undergoes a unique stiff-to-soft transition, reconciling insertion capability with tissue compatibility. For Na<sup>+</sup> sensing, CR-BSA serves as a functional buffer layer, delivering high sensitivity (70.6 µA/decade) and stability for more than 14 days, while significantly reducing inflammation and fibrosis compared with commercial Nafion coatings. CR-BSA–coated microneedle sensors achieve reliable continuous monitoring of both acute and chronic hyponatremia and hypernatremia for over five days. This stiff-to-soft coating strategy overcomes a central barrier to microneedle sensor integration, advancing the prospects of long-term, minimally invasive electrolyte monitoring for chronic disease management.","PeriodicalId":114,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146139094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daheng Liu, Rong Chen, Hao Zhou, Hui Zhang, Lin Ma, Jing Wang, Jingping Cui, Yan Liang, Nan Huang, Geliang Yu, Wanting Xu, Mengmeng Yang, Qian Li, Fangyuan Zhu, Zhenhui Ma, Zhipeng Hou, Nianjun Yang, Weijun Ren, Da Li, Xing-Qiu Chen, Bing Li, Yan Sun, Song Ma, Zhidong Zhang
Manipulating heterojunction architecture in van der Waals (vdW) magnets plays a significant role in developing exotic low-dimensional spintronic physics and technological innovations in quantum computing. However, the conventional heterostructure strategy to engineer a vdW device through complicated and cumbersome stacking strategies is facing a high fabrication cost. Tailoring broken time-reversal symmetries to integrate a distinct magnetic order into a vdW system, by only employing a simplified geometry and the advantage of unique components, currently remains highly challenging. In this work we propose the use of a gradient doping of magnetic atoms in bicollinear antiferromagnetic (AFM) parent vdW magnet to fabricate an AFM/ferromagnetic (FM) heterojunction in a single Fe1+yTe film, which enables an exchange bias (EB) effect. We demonstrate the emergence of robust FM order and an EB effect in a vdW Fe1+yTe film. This originates from heavy Fe doping in the interfacial layers and the breaking of symmetry in the bicollinear AFM order within the lightly doped layers away from the interface. This work not only opens a new avenue for manipulating AFM/FM heterojunction in a single parent vdW system but also provides new insights into understanding the production of the EB effect on the bicollinear AFM vdW device platform.
{"title":"Integrating Antiferromagnetic/Ferromagnetic Heterojunction in Van Der Waals Fe1+yTe Film With Gradient Fe Doping","authors":"Daheng Liu, Rong Chen, Hao Zhou, Hui Zhang, Lin Ma, Jing Wang, Jingping Cui, Yan Liang, Nan Huang, Geliang Yu, Wanting Xu, Mengmeng Yang, Qian Li, Fangyuan Zhu, Zhenhui Ma, Zhipeng Hou, Nianjun Yang, Weijun Ren, Da Li, Xing-Qiu Chen, Bing Li, Yan Sun, Song Ma, Zhidong Zhang","doi":"10.1002/adma.202517358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202517358","url":null,"abstract":"Manipulating heterojunction architecture in van der Waals (vdW) magnets plays a significant role in developing exotic low-dimensional spintronic physics and technological innovations in quantum computing. However, the conventional heterostructure strategy to engineer a vdW device through complicated and cumbersome stacking strategies is facing a high fabrication cost. Tailoring broken time-reversal symmetries to integrate a distinct magnetic order into a vdW system, by only employing a simplified geometry and the advantage of unique components, currently remains highly challenging. In this work we propose the use of a gradient doping of magnetic atoms in bicollinear antiferromagnetic (AFM) parent vdW magnet to fabricate an AFM/ferromagnetic (FM) heterojunction in a single Fe<sub>1+</sub><i><sub>y</sub></i>Te film, which enables an exchange bias (EB) effect. We demonstrate the emergence of robust FM order and an EB effect in a vdW Fe<sub>1+y</sub>Te film. This originates from heavy Fe doping in the interfacial layers and the breaking of symmetry in the bicollinear AFM order within the lightly doped layers away from the interface. This work not only opens a new avenue for manipulating AFM/FM heterojunction in a single parent vdW system but also provides new insights into understanding the production of the EB effect on the bicollinear AFM vdW device platform.","PeriodicalId":114,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146139098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Quanquan Yang, Shengxu Li, Junyi Han, Mengwei Chen, Wenkai Zhao, Sheng Wang, Raul D. Rodriguez, Tao Zhang
The recovery of gold from electronic waste is a critical environmental and technological challenge for a circular and sustainable economy. Conventional methods for gold recovery often suffer from low efficiency, poor selectivity, and reliance on harsh chemicals. In this work, we engineered three vinyl-azole-bridged covalent organic frameworks (COFs), systematically controlling heteroatom motifs to elucidate the structure-activity relationships behind gold ion adsorption and photocatalytic reduction. This strategic incorporation of azole-based units yielded hydrogen-bonded nanotraps along the pore walls, thereby maximizing active-site density and enhancing electrostatic interactions for the selective capture of gold ions. We found that all these COFs show gold adsorption capacities exceeding 3600 mg g−1, with the thiazole-containing COF—featuring both nitrogen and sulfur—exhibiting the highest binding affinity and photocatalytic efficiency to a record value of 4658.1 mg g−1 under optimal conditions and a 99.2% efficiency for gold extraction. These results are confirmed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and real e-waste recovery experiments. The highly conjugated framework facilitates synergistic photoreduction of Au(III) to Au(0), exploiting the unique interplay between heteroatom chemistry, microenvironment engineering, and light-driven redox processes. This work introduces a new class of COF photocatalysts engineered with heteroatomic nanotraps, achieving exceptional gold recovery efficiency.
从电子废物中回收黄金对循环和可持续经济来说是一个关键的环境和技术挑战。传统的金回收方法常常存在效率低、选择性差和依赖刺激性化学物质的问题。在这项工作中，我们设计了三个乙烯基-唑桥接的共价有机框架（COFs），系统地控制杂原子基序，以阐明金离子吸附和光催化还原背后的结构-活性关系。这种基于唑基单元的战略性结合产生了沿着孔壁的氢键纳米陷阱，从而最大限度地提高了活性位点密度，并增强了选择性捕获金离子的静电相互作用。研究发现，所有COFs的金吸附量均超过3600 mg g - 1，其中含噻唑的COFs具有最高的结合亲和力和光催化效率，在最佳条件下达到创纪录的4658.1 mg g - 1，萃取金的效率为99.2%。这些结果被密度泛函理论（DFT）计算、x射线光电子能谱和实际电子废物回收实验证实。高度共轭的框架促进了Au（III）的协同光还原为Au(0)，利用了杂原子化学、微环境工程和光驱动氧化还原过程之间独特的相互作用。本研究介绍了一种新型的杂原子纳米陷阱COF光催化剂，实现了优异的金回收效率。
{"title":"Engineering Heteroatomic Nanotraps in Vinyl-Benzazole COFs: Record Capacity and 99% Selectivity for Photocatalytic Gold Recovery From E-Waste","authors":"Quanquan Yang, Shengxu Li, Junyi Han, Mengwei Chen, Wenkai Zhao, Sheng Wang, Raul D. Rodriguez, Tao Zhang","doi":"10.1002/adma.72446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.72446","url":null,"abstract":"The recovery of gold from electronic waste is a critical environmental and technological challenge for a circular and sustainable economy. Conventional methods for gold recovery often suffer from low efficiency, poor selectivity, and reliance on harsh chemicals. In this work, we engineered three vinyl-azole-bridged covalent organic frameworks (COFs), systematically controlling heteroatom motifs to elucidate the structure-activity relationships behind gold ion adsorption and photocatalytic reduction. This strategic incorporation of azole-based units yielded hydrogen-bonded nanotraps along the pore walls, thereby maximizing active-site density and enhancing electrostatic interactions for the selective capture of gold ions. We found that all these COFs show gold adsorption capacities exceeding 3600 mg g<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup>, with the thiazole-containing COF—featuring both nitrogen and sulfur—exhibiting the highest binding affinity and photocatalytic efficiency to a record value of 4658.1 mg g<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup> under optimal conditions and a 99.2% efficiency for gold extraction. These results are confirmed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and real e-waste recovery experiments. The highly conjugated framework facilitates synergistic photoreduction of Au(III) to Au(0), exploiting the unique interplay between heteroatom chemistry, microenvironment engineering, and light-driven redox processes. This work introduces a new class of COF photocatalysts engineered with heteroatomic nanotraps, achieving exceptional gold recovery efficiency.","PeriodicalId":114,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146138746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Metal halide perovskite solar cells have reached record efficiencies of over 27% within two decades, yet their photovoltaic performance and operational stability remain highly sensitive to the nucleation and crystallization of perovskite films. Conventional characterization techniques capture only static states, overlooking the transient crystallization processes that govern perovskite film quality. In-situ photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy has emerged as a powerful, non-invasive (under moderate laser illumination) tool for real-time tracking of nucleation, crystal growth, phase transitions, and defect evolution in metal halide perovskites. This review summarizes recent advances in in-situ PL instrumentation, ranging from single-point and multi-probe configurations to multi-channel imaging approaches, and highlights the use of in-situ PL in elucidating crystallization pathways across pure, mixed-cation, and mixed-halide perovskites. We further discuss how in-situ PL reveals the impact of antisolvents, additives, interfacial engineering, and processing conditions on perovskite film formation, and highlight the importance of integrating in-situ PL with complementary in-situ and ex-situ techniques to achieve a comprehensive understanding of perovskite nucleation and crystallization mechanisms. Looking ahead, coupling in-situ PL with machine learning offers an intelligent route toward predictive process control and closed-loop optimization, accelerating the scalable manufacturing with high-quality perovskite films and commercialization of perovskite photovoltaics from lab to fab.
{"title":"In-Situ Photoluminescence for Perovskite Crystallization: Bridging Mechanistic Insights and Device Engineering Control","authors":"Haoran Yang, Hu Guo, Yunfan Wang, Ruihao Chen, Sai-Wing Tsang, Yuanhang Cheng","doi":"10.1002/adma.202518643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202518643","url":null,"abstract":"Metal halide perovskite solar cells have reached record efficiencies of over 27% within two decades, yet their photovoltaic performance and operational stability remain highly sensitive to the nucleation and crystallization of perovskite films. Conventional characterization techniques capture only static states, overlooking the transient crystallization processes that govern perovskite film quality. In-situ photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy has emerged as a powerful, non-invasive (under moderate laser illumination) tool for real-time tracking of nucleation, crystal growth, phase transitions, and defect evolution in metal halide perovskites. This review summarizes recent advances in in-situ PL instrumentation, ranging from single-point and multi-probe configurations to multi-channel imaging approaches, and highlights the use of in-situ PL in elucidating crystallization pathways across pure, mixed-cation, and mixed-halide perovskites. We further discuss how in-situ PL reveals the impact of antisolvents, additives, interfacial engineering, and processing conditions on perovskite film formation, and highlight the importance of integrating in-situ PL with complementary in-situ and ex-situ techniques to achieve a comprehensive understanding of perovskite nucleation and crystallization mechanisms. Looking ahead, coupling in-situ PL with machine learning offers an intelligent route toward predictive process control and closed-loop optimization, accelerating the scalable manufacturing with high-quality perovskite films and commercialization of perovskite photovoltaics from lab to fab.","PeriodicalId":114,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146139095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qiu Wang, Yi Lin, Jiahui Xiao, Keqing Xu, Zijin Luo, Hongyu Ren, Fan Liu, Lu Jia, Tuo Wei, Qiang Cheng
Highly efficient mRNA lipid nanoparticle (LNP) often presents potential safety risks. Here, we establish a structure–activity relationship framework for peptide ionizable lipids (PILs) to facilitate the rational design of safe and effective mRNA-LNPs. The PIL structure comprises three modular components: building block, side-chain length, and hydrophobic tail. Through systematic optimization, a lead compound (Dab4) with four building blocks and a moderate side chain length was identified, demonstrating minimized hepatotoxicity while maintaining superior delivery performance. Leveraging this framework, a series of Dab4-derived PILs with three tail types, including alkyl (a-tail), ester (aat-tail), and hydroxyl (e-tail), were synthesized. This tail chemistry determined organ tropism, with B12-a13Dab4 (a-tail) showing optimal performance in the liver. The B12-a13Dab4 LNP exhibited significantly higher hepatic delivery efficiency and markedly improved biosafety compared with the FDA-approved SM-102 formulation. Moreover, B12-a13Dab4 LNP efficiently triggers in vivo prime editing by co-delivering PE7 mRNA and epegRNA, and achieves significant therapeutic effects in a Hereditary Tyrosinemia Type 1 (HT-1) model through repeated delivery fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH) mRNA. This study establishes rational design principles for PILs that strike a balance between efficacy and safety, offering a versatile mRNA-LNP platform for the advancement of gene editing and protein replacement therapies.
{"title":"Optimizing Peptide Ionizable Lipids Enables Efficient and Low-Toxicity mRNA Delivery for In Vivo Prime Editing and Protein Replacement Therapy","authors":"Qiu Wang, Yi Lin, Jiahui Xiao, Keqing Xu, Zijin Luo, Hongyu Ren, Fan Liu, Lu Jia, Tuo Wei, Qiang Cheng","doi":"10.1002/adma.202522552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202522552","url":null,"abstract":"Highly efficient mRNA lipid nanoparticle (LNP) often presents potential safety risks. Here, we establish a structure–activity relationship framework for peptide ionizable lipids (PILs) to facilitate the rational design of safe and effective mRNA-LNPs. The PIL structure comprises three modular components: building block, side-chain length, and hydrophobic tail. Through systematic optimization, a lead compound (Dab4) with four building blocks and a moderate side chain length was identified, demonstrating minimized hepatotoxicity while maintaining superior delivery performance. Leveraging this framework, a series of Dab4-derived PILs with three tail types, including alkyl (a-tail), ester (aat-tail), and hydroxyl (e-tail), were synthesized. This tail chemistry determined organ tropism, with B12-a13Dab4 (a-tail) showing optimal performance in the liver. The B12-a13Dab4 LNP exhibited significantly higher hepatic delivery efficiency and markedly improved biosafety compared with the FDA-approved SM-102 formulation. Moreover, B12-a13Dab4 LNP efficiently triggers in vivo prime editing by co-delivering PE7 mRNA and epegRNA, and achieves significant therapeutic effects in a Hereditary Tyrosinemia Type 1 (HT-1) model through repeated delivery fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH) mRNA. This study establishes rational design principles for PILs that strike a balance between efficacy and safety, offering a versatile mRNA-LNP platform for the advancement of gene editing and protein replacement therapies.","PeriodicalId":114,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146139092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Electrocatalytic C─N coupling via the co-reduction of CO2 and NO3− represents a promising route for sustainable urea synthesis under ambient conditions, simultaneously addressing critical challenges in energy sustainability and environmental remediation. However, its practical implementation is hindered by sluggish C─N coupling kinetics and the competing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), which severely restricts energy conversion efficiency. Herein, we propose a tip-induced local electric field strategy that generates a self-enhanced concentration gradient to promote electrocatalytic C─N coupling. By constructing densely aligned Co3O4 nanoneedles on carbon cloth, an outstanding electrocatalytic performance was achieved, requiring only an ultra-low potential of −0.60 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) while delivering a high urea yield rate of 49.63 umol h−1 cm−2 and a Faradic efficiency of 21.37%. Finite element simulations reveal that the nanoscale high-curvature tip generates an intensified local electric field, enriching potassium ions (K+) at the electrode-electrolyte interface to stabilize key intermediates and direct the reaction pathway toward C─N coupling. Moreover, a series of operando spectroscopic characterizations provide direct evidence for enhanced C─N coupling process under an intensified local electric field. This work offers a generalizable strategy for energy-efficient C─N coupling, paving the way for sustainable utilization of nitrogen and carbon resources.
{"title":"Tip-Induced Self-Enhanced Concentration Gradients Catalyst for Sustainable Electrocatalytic Urea Synthesis","authors":"Mingyu Chen, Xupeng Qin, Nannan Guo, Zhou Chen, Chu Zhang, Lipan Luo, Kaizhi Gu, Chade Lv, Luxiang Wang, Qinghua Liu, Zhong Cheng, Ze Wu, Han Li, Yidan Huo, Dawei Chen, Guobin Wen, Chen Chen, Shuangyin Wang","doi":"10.1002/adma.202518547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202518547","url":null,"abstract":"Electrocatalytic C─N coupling via the co-reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> represents a promising route for sustainable urea synthesis under ambient conditions, simultaneously addressing critical challenges in energy sustainability and environmental remediation. However, its practical implementation is hindered by sluggish C─N coupling kinetics and the competing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), which severely restricts energy conversion efficiency. Herein, we propose a tip-induced local electric field strategy that generates a self-enhanced concentration gradient to promote electrocatalytic C─N coupling. By constructing densely aligned Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoneedles on carbon cloth, an outstanding electrocatalytic performance was achieved, requiring only an ultra-low potential of −0.60 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) while delivering a high urea yield rate of 49.63 umol h<sup>−1</sup> cm<sup>−2</sup> and a Faradic efficiency of 21.37%. Finite element simulations reveal that the nanoscale high-curvature tip generates an intensified local electric field, enriching potassium ions (K<sup>+</sup>) at the electrode-electrolyte interface to stabilize key intermediates and direct the reaction pathway toward C─N coupling. Moreover, a series of operando spectroscopic characterizations provide direct evidence for enhanced C─N coupling process under an intensified local electric field. This work offers a generalizable strategy for energy-efficient C─N coupling, paving the way for sustainable utilization of nitrogen and carbon resources.","PeriodicalId":114,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146139101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Solar-powered CO2 reduction through photoelectrochemical (PEC) approaches to produce hydrocarbon fuels, such as methane (CH4), is one of the most promising paths for supplying sustainable fuels. However, the limited light absorption capability and sluggish kinetics restrict the photocatalytic rate and selectivity for hydrocarbon production. Here, we introduce tandem catalysts on photocathodes designed to enhance controlled sequential reactions involving intermediates and thus the selectivity of CO2 reduction. Specifically, when mounted on Cu/Ag-Cu bilayer catalysts, the p-type Si photocathode with a pyramid-structured surface dramatically improves CO2-to-CH4 conversion, achieving a selectivity of 60.2 ± 3.4% and a working current density of −32.9 ± 1.9 mA cm−2 at −1.1 V vs. RHE. As identified by operando Raman and synchrotron-radiation Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Density Functional Theory, the bottom layer of the Cu/Ag-Cu catalysts comprises Ag and Cu nanoparticles, which catalyse the initial reduction of CO2 to form *CO and the creation of *H species dissociated from H2O, respectively. The top Cu layer subsequently enables the protonation of *CO to *CHO, ultimately yielding CH4. This design of tandem catalysts, coupled with a thorough investigation of the reaction mechanisms, offers a powerful approach toward high-performance and selective pathways for solar-powered CO2 reduction to targeted products.
通过光电化学（PEC）方法减少太阳能二氧化碳以生产碳氢化合物燃料，如甲烷（CH4），是供应可持续燃料最有前途的途径之一。然而，有限的光吸收能力和缓慢的动力学限制了光催化产烃的速率和选择性。在这里，我们在光电阴极上引入串联催化剂，旨在增强涉及中间体的可控顺序反应，从而提高CO2还原的选择性。具体来说，当安装在Cu/Ag-Cu双层催化剂上时，具有金字塔结构表面的p型Si光电阴极显著提高了co2到ch4的转化率，在−1.1 V下，与RHE相比，其选择性为60.2±3.4%，工作电流密度为−32.9±1.9 mA cm−2。通过Raman和同步辐射傅里叶变换红外光谱以及密度泛函理论鉴定，Cu/Ag-Cu催化剂的底层由Ag和Cu纳米颗粒组成，它们分别催化CO2的初始还原生成*CO和生成*H。顶部Cu层随后使*CO质子化成*CHO，最终生成CH4。这种串联催化剂的设计，加上对反应机制的深入研究，为太阳能二氧化碳减排目标产品的高性能和选择性途径提供了强有力的途径。
{"title":"Engineering Bilayer Tandem Catalysts on Si-Based Photocathodes for High-performance CO2 Reduction to Produce Methane","authors":"Hao Wu, Shenghe Si, Haitao Wang, Changlai Wang, Rongchi Dai, Jianuo Li, Shohei Fukaya, Zhenhua Pan, Yujie Xiong, Noritaka Usami, Koyo Norinaga, Yasuyoshi Kurokawa, Suchada Sirisomboonchai, Dong Liu, Qian Wang","doi":"10.1002/adma.202518249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202518249","url":null,"abstract":"Solar-powered CO<sub>2</sub> reduction through photoelectrochemical (PEC) approaches to produce hydrocarbon fuels, such as methane (CH<sub>4</sub>), is one of the most promising paths for supplying sustainable fuels. However, the limited light absorption capability and sluggish kinetics restrict the photocatalytic rate and selectivity for hydrocarbon production. Here, we introduce tandem catalysts on photocathodes designed to enhance controlled sequential reactions involving intermediates and thus the selectivity of CO<sub>2</sub> reduction. Specifically, when mounted on Cu/Ag-Cu bilayer catalysts, the p-type Si photocathode with a pyramid-structured surface dramatically improves CO<sub>2</sub>-to-CH<sub>4</sub> conversion, achieving a selectivity of 60.2 ± 3.4% and a working current density of −32.9 ± 1.9 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> at −1.1 V vs. RHE. As identified by operando Raman and synchrotron-radiation Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Density Functional Theory, the bottom layer of the Cu/Ag-Cu catalysts comprises Ag and Cu nanoparticles, which catalyse the initial reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> to form *CO and the creation of *H species dissociated from H<sub>2</sub>O, respectively. The top Cu layer subsequently enables the protonation of *CO to *CHO, ultimately yielding CH<sub>4</sub>. This design of tandem catalysts, coupled with a thorough investigation of the reaction mechanisms, offers a powerful approach toward high-performance and selective pathways for solar-powered CO<sub>2</sub> reduction to targeted products.","PeriodicalId":114,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials","volume":"133 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146139096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The design of high-sensitivity stretchable piezoelectric sensors remains challenging due to the inherent trade-off between the ability to achieve high levels of mechanical deformation while maintaining efficient stress transduction. Here, we propose a new topology-optimization strategy to construct stretchable piezoelectric sensors that efficiently utilize the spatial stress distribution and are able to adapt to a range of anisotropic mechanical stress states. By exploiting computer-aided topology optimization, the distribution of piezoelectric ceramic units within the sensor was tailored to maximize the degree of stress transfer, resulting in an increase of 103.5% and 59.7% in the maximum piezoelectric potential when subject to tension and torsion, respectively. To ensure structural stretchability and adaptability of the topology optimized sensors when subject to complex loading environments, a direct ink writing process was developed to create stretchable eutectic gallium-indium liquid alloy (EGaIn) electrodes. Based on a shear-driven mechanism of printing, new predictive theoretical equations governing printing performance were developed that could predict the printed state (with 94.7% accuracy) and enable trace width control (relative error < 15%). The final optimized sensor exhibited excellent sensitivity, achieving 14.0 V per strain and 0.10 V per degree when subject to tensile and torsional loads, exceeding the unoptimized device by 59.2% and 92.4%, respectively. Finally, inspired by the morphological characteristics of butterflies and guided by the topology-optimized layout, a multi-channel sensor was constructed to accurately identify the pattern and amplitude of a complex range of neck movements, demonstrating the significant potential of the new design and manufacturing approach for wearable electronics.
高灵敏度可拉伸压电传感器的设计仍然具有挑战性，因为在实现高水平机械变形的同时保持有效的应力传导的能力之间存在固有的权衡。在此，我们提出了一种新的拓扑优化策略来构建有效利用空间应力分布并能够适应各种各向异性机械应力状态的可拉伸压电传感器。通过计算机辅助拓扑优化，对传感器内压电陶瓷单元的分布进行了定制，使应力传递程度最大化，在拉伸和扭转作用下，最大压电电位分别提高了103.5%和59.7%。为了确保拓扑优化传感器在复杂负载环境下的结构可拉伸性和适应性，开发了一种直接墨水写入工艺来制备可拉伸共晶镓铟液体合金（EGaIn）电极。基于剪切驱动的打印机制，建立了新的控制打印性能的预测理论方程，该方程可以预测打印状态（准确率为94.7%）并实现迹宽控制（相对误差< 15%）。最终优化后的传感器具有优异的灵敏度，在拉伸和扭转载荷下，其灵敏度分别达到14.0 V /应变和0.10 V /度，分别比未优化的器件高59.2%和92.4%。最后，受蝴蝶形态特征的启发，在拓扑优化布局的指导下，构建了一个多通道传感器，以准确识别复杂范围的颈部运动模式和幅度，展示了新设计和制造方法在可穿戴电子产品中的巨大潜力。
{"title":"Topology-Optimized Stretchable Piezoelectric Sensors With Tailored Liquid-Metal Circuits for Anisotropic Stress-Adaptive Motion Monitoring.","authors":"Hanmin Zeng, Qianqian Xu, Jianxun Zhang, Peiqiong Zhou, Jiachen Zhang, Jinlan Li, Senfeng Zhao, Kechao Zhou, Dou Zhang, Chris Bowen, Yan Zhang","doi":"10.1002/adma.202518168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202518168","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The design of high-sensitivity stretchable piezoelectric sensors remains challenging due to the inherent trade-off between the ability to achieve high levels of mechanical deformation while maintaining efficient stress transduction. Here, we propose a new topology-optimization strategy to construct stretchable piezoelectric sensors that efficiently utilize the spatial stress distribution and are able to adapt to a range of anisotropic mechanical stress states. By exploiting computer-aided topology optimization, the distribution of piezoelectric ceramic units within the sensor was tailored to maximize the degree of stress transfer, resulting in an increase of 103.5% and 59.7% in the maximum piezoelectric potential when subject to tension and torsion, respectively. To ensure structural stretchability and adaptability of the topology optimized sensors when subject to complex loading environments, a direct ink writing process was developed to create stretchable eutectic gallium-indium liquid alloy (EGaIn) electrodes. Based on a shear-driven mechanism of printing, new predictive theoretical equations governing printing performance were developed that could predict the printed state (with 94.7% accuracy) and enable trace width control (relative error < 15%). The final optimized sensor exhibited excellent sensitivity, achieving 14.0 V per strain and 0.10 V per degree when subject to tensile and torsional loads, exceeding the unoptimized device by 59.2% and 92.4%, respectively. Finally, inspired by the morphological characteristics of butterflies and guided by the topology-optimized layout, a multi-channel sensor was constructed to accurately identify the pattern and amplitude of a complex range of neck movements, demonstrating the significant potential of the new design and manufacturing approach for wearable electronics.</p>","PeriodicalId":114,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials","volume":" ","pages":"e18168"},"PeriodicalIF":26.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146130427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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