Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have emerged as one of the most promising candidates among post-Li-ion batteries (LIBs) due to abundance and low cost of sodium resources. However, the commercialization of SIBs is hindered by their limited cell performance. Although great efforts have been made, it is still challenging to balance the trade-off between energy density and cycle life while simultaneously meeting the requirements for practical applications, which are largely governed by the stability of the electrode/electrolyte interfaces. Therefore, it is crucial to design new electrolyte components or formulations to stabilize the interphases and thus the cycling stability for high-energy and high-capacity cathodes/anodes. In this review, based on a comprehensive comparison of the fundamental mechanisms between SIBs and LIBs, the challenges and governing principles for electrolyte design in SIBs are first introduced. The progress in electrolyte designs for various high-energy cathodes is summarized according to their ion-transport characteristics and the interphase formation. Electrolyte design strategies, particularly for the high-capacity anodes, are also surveyed, together with effective electrolyte design strategies to fulfill the requirements under practical operating conditions. Finally, future perspectives on electrolyte development from the viewpoints of full cell-level performance, cost, and feasibility are highlighted. This review aims to provide a roadmap for advancing electrolyte design toward practical SIBs competitive with LIBs.
{"title":"Fundamentals, Status, and Prospects of Liquid Organic Electrolytes for High-Energy Sodium-Ion Batteries.","authors":"Xinke Cui,Shuicen Ding,Yuankun Wang,Hao Teng,Yuhe Feng,Xue Han,Xiaohui Rong,Kai Xi,Qiong Zheng,Yaxiang Lu,Weijiang Xue","doi":"10.1002/adma.202519965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202519965","url":null,"abstract":"Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have emerged as one of the most promising candidates among post-Li-ion batteries (LIBs) due to abundance and low cost of sodium resources. However, the commercialization of SIBs is hindered by their limited cell performance. Although great efforts have been made, it is still challenging to balance the trade-off between energy density and cycle life while simultaneously meeting the requirements for practical applications, which are largely governed by the stability of the electrode/electrolyte interfaces. Therefore, it is crucial to design new electrolyte components or formulations to stabilize the interphases and thus the cycling stability for high-energy and high-capacity cathodes/anodes. In this review, based on a comprehensive comparison of the fundamental mechanisms between SIBs and LIBs, the challenges and governing principles for electrolyte design in SIBs are first introduced. The progress in electrolyte designs for various high-energy cathodes is summarized according to their ion-transport characteristics and the interphase formation. Electrolyte design strategies, particularly for the high-capacity anodes, are also surveyed, together with effective electrolyte design strategies to fulfill the requirements under practical operating conditions. Finally, future perspectives on electrolyte development from the viewpoints of full cell-level performance, cost, and feasibility are highlighted. This review aims to provide a roadmap for advancing electrolyte design toward practical SIBs competitive with LIBs.","PeriodicalId":114,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials","volume":"44 1","pages":"e19965"},"PeriodicalIF":29.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145777379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Perovskite solar modules (PSMs) must deliver not only high-power conversion efficiency (PCE) but also long-term operational stability to approach commercialization. Yet efficiency and stability are both compromised when translating laboratory spin-coated perovskite solar cells (PSCs) into scalable PSMs, owing to mismatched crystallization dynamics, ineffective defect passivation, and compositional degradation. Here we resolve these challenges through a three-pronged strategy. First, we deconstruct the compositional origins of operational stability, identifying MA (methylammonium)-free Cs-FA (formamidinium) composition as intrinsically robust against continuous operation. Second, we tailor the phase-transition and crystallization pathways of air-processed scalable-coating by controlled Br incorporation in CsPbX3, which reconciles precursor solubility, nucleation kinetics, and α-phase stability, yielding dense and defect-suppressed films. Finally, we analyze the root cause of scalable passivation inefficacy and developed cyclohexanecarboxamidinium (CHCA) as a blade-coating-compatible passivator enabling uniform and durable defect suppression. The optimized devices exhibited improved PCEs up to 26.1% (0.646 cm2) and 22.8% (20.8 cm2). Meanwhile, we documented exceptional operational stability with ∼3200 h T96 for PSC and ∼2000 h T84 for PSM. Our findings establish a mechanistic framework for achieving operationally stable perovskite solar modules under industrially relevant conditions.
钙钛矿太阳能组件（psm）不仅要提供高功率转换效率（PCE），还要提供长期的运行稳定性，才能实现商业化。然而，当将实验室自旋涂覆钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSCs）转化为可扩展的psm时，由于结晶动力学不匹配，无效的缺陷钝化和成分降解，效率和稳定性都受到损害。在这里，我们通过三管齐下的战略来解决这些挑战。首先，我们解构了操作稳定性的成分来源，确定了MA（甲基铵）free Cs-FA（甲脒）组合物在连续操作中具有内在的鲁棒性。其次，我们通过在CsPbX3中控制Br的掺入来调整空气加工可缩放涂层的相变和结晶途径，从而协调前驱体溶解度、成核动力学和α-相稳定性，从而产生致密和缺陷抑制的薄膜。最后，我们分析了可扩展钝化无效的根本原因，并开发了环己烷羧基酰胺（CHCA）作为叶片-涂层兼容的钝化剂，可以均匀持久地抑制缺陷。优化后器件的pce分别提高了26.1% （0.646 cm2）和22.8% （20.8 cm2）。同时，我们记录了卓越的操作稳定性，PSC为~ 3200 h T96， PSM为~ 2000 h T84。我们的研究结果为在工业相关条件下实现操作稳定的钙钛矿太阳能组件建立了一个机制框架。
{"title":"Operationally Stable Perovskite Solar Modules Enabled by MA-Free Perovskite Crystallization and Passivation via Scalable Coating.","authors":"Jiazhe Xu,Shaochen Zhang,Donger Jin,Zhendong Cheng,Xiaonan Wang,Xiaohe Miao,Qinggui Li,Qile Jin,Dawei Di,Jingjing Xue,Rui Wang","doi":"10.1002/adma.202519198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202519198","url":null,"abstract":"Perovskite solar modules (PSMs) must deliver not only high-power conversion efficiency (PCE) but also long-term operational stability to approach commercialization. Yet efficiency and stability are both compromised when translating laboratory spin-coated perovskite solar cells (PSCs) into scalable PSMs, owing to mismatched crystallization dynamics, ineffective defect passivation, and compositional degradation. Here we resolve these challenges through a three-pronged strategy. First, we deconstruct the compositional origins of operational stability, identifying MA (methylammonium)-free Cs-FA (formamidinium) composition as intrinsically robust against continuous operation. Second, we tailor the phase-transition and crystallization pathways of air-processed scalable-coating by controlled Br incorporation in CsPbX3, which reconciles precursor solubility, nucleation kinetics, and α-phase stability, yielding dense and defect-suppressed films. Finally, we analyze the root cause of scalable passivation inefficacy and developed cyclohexanecarboxamidinium (CHCA) as a blade-coating-compatible passivator enabling uniform and durable defect suppression. The optimized devices exhibited improved PCEs up to 26.1% (0.646 cm2) and 22.8% (20.8 cm2). Meanwhile, we documented exceptional operational stability with ∼3200 h T96 for PSC and ∼2000 h T84 for PSM. Our findings establish a mechanistic framework for achieving operationally stable perovskite solar modules under industrially relevant conditions.","PeriodicalId":114,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials","volume":"7 1","pages":"e19198"},"PeriodicalIF":29.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145777378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Developing smart systems based on phosphorescent materials that can control the time-dependent phosphorescent color (TDPC) in response to external stimuli holds promise for advancing information encryption, but significant challenges remain. Herein, a facile strategy is proposed to construct smart phosphorescent polymer composites through immobilizing dual-emission centers with distinct stimuli sensitivities within a soft-rigid coupled hybrid matrix. The smart phosphorescent polymer composites show switchable phosphorescence between static phosphorescence and wavelength-dependent dynamic TDPC, induced by multi-stimuli (light, humidity, heat). The photoactivated phosphorescent composites transform from initial static monochromatic emission to dynamic multicolor TDPC through the synergistic effect of triplet oxygen depletion-induced selective activation of the emission centers and the distinct decay rates of the dual-emission centers. The evolution paths of TDPC also exhibit excitation-dependence. Moreover, the photoactivated composites enable reversible switching between dynamic TDPC and monochromatic phosphorescence through water and thermal stimuli, due to the combined effects of water-induced dissociation of the rigid hydrogen-bonding network and differential quenching of the dual-emission centers. The composites also exhibit recyclability and self-healing capability. The processable smart phosphorescent polymer composites with good stability demonstrate outstanding potential in multi-dimensional information encryption, opening up a new perspective for upgrading security technologies.
{"title":"Reconfigurable Multi-Stimuli Responsive Smart Phosphorescent Polymer Composites with Time-Dependent and Wavelength-Dependent Phosphorescence Color Evolution.","authors":"Xiao Chen,Bin Tian,Xin Guo,Ziyi Gong,Wei Wu","doi":"10.1002/adma.202512099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202512099","url":null,"abstract":"Developing smart systems based on phosphorescent materials that can control the time-dependent phosphorescent color (TDPC) in response to external stimuli holds promise for advancing information encryption, but significant challenges remain. Herein, a facile strategy is proposed to construct smart phosphorescent polymer composites through immobilizing dual-emission centers with distinct stimuli sensitivities within a soft-rigid coupled hybrid matrix. The smart phosphorescent polymer composites show switchable phosphorescence between static phosphorescence and wavelength-dependent dynamic TDPC, induced by multi-stimuli (light, humidity, heat). The photoactivated phosphorescent composites transform from initial static monochromatic emission to dynamic multicolor TDPC through the synergistic effect of triplet oxygen depletion-induced selective activation of the emission centers and the distinct decay rates of the dual-emission centers. The evolution paths of TDPC also exhibit excitation-dependence. Moreover, the photoactivated composites enable reversible switching between dynamic TDPC and monochromatic phosphorescence through water and thermal stimuli, due to the combined effects of water-induced dissociation of the rigid hydrogen-bonding network and differential quenching of the dual-emission centers. The composites also exhibit recyclability and self-healing capability. The processable smart phosphorescent polymer composites with good stability demonstrate outstanding potential in multi-dimensional information encryption, opening up a new perspective for upgrading security technologies.","PeriodicalId":114,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials","volume":"20 1","pages":"e12099"},"PeriodicalIF":29.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145777381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chenyu Li,He-Qi Zheng,Weilu Xu,Zheyan Xu,Zhengluan Liao,Guodong Qian,Yuanjing Cui
Photoswitchable dual-color fluorescent materials are highly valuable for applications in cellular imaging and super-resolution microscopy. However, realizing these materials, especially broadening their Stokes shift remains a critical challenge. Herein, a novel strategy for achieving photoswitchable dual-emission fluorescence with a large Stokes shift is proposed via a cascade energy transfer (ET) process in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). By incorporating the photoisomerizable molecule spiropyran as an ET intermediate, and two fluorescent dyes coumarin 153 (Cou153) and methylene blue (MB) within a MOF, rho-ZMOF, the dual-color dynamic luminescent material rho-ZMOF⊃Cou153&SP&MB is achieved. When excited at 400 nm, rho-ZMOF⊃Cou153&SP&MB exhibits coumarin-centered green emission at 516 nm and methylene blue-centered red fluorescence at 700 nm, with a maximum Stokes shift of 300 nm. More importantly, these dual-color emissions can be reversibly switched on or off upon altering UV- and visible-light irradiation because of the photoswitchable cascade energy transfer from coumarin 153 to methylene blue based on the photochromic transformation of spiropyran. As an example, the potential use of rho-ZMOF⊃Cou153&SP&MB in high-resolution and depth-resolved bioimaging is demonstrated.
{"title":"Photoswitchable Dual-Color Fluorescence With Large Stokes Shift From Dye-Encapsulated Metal-Organic Framework for Dynamic Cellular Imaging.","authors":"Chenyu Li,He-Qi Zheng,Weilu Xu,Zheyan Xu,Zhengluan Liao,Guodong Qian,Yuanjing Cui","doi":"10.1002/adma.202518371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202518371","url":null,"abstract":"Photoswitchable dual-color fluorescent materials are highly valuable for applications in cellular imaging and super-resolution microscopy. However, realizing these materials, especially broadening their Stokes shift remains a critical challenge. Herein, a novel strategy for achieving photoswitchable dual-emission fluorescence with a large Stokes shift is proposed via a cascade energy transfer (ET) process in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). By incorporating the photoisomerizable molecule spiropyran as an ET intermediate, and two fluorescent dyes coumarin 153 (Cou153) and methylene blue (MB) within a MOF, rho-ZMOF, the dual-color dynamic luminescent material rho-ZMOF⊃Cou153&SP&MB is achieved. When excited at 400 nm, rho-ZMOF⊃Cou153&SP&MB exhibits coumarin-centered green emission at 516 nm and methylene blue-centered red fluorescence at 700 nm, with a maximum Stokes shift of 300 nm. More importantly, these dual-color emissions can be reversibly switched on or off upon altering UV- and visible-light irradiation because of the photoswitchable cascade energy transfer from coumarin 153 to methylene blue based on the photochromic transformation of spiropyran. As an example, the potential use of rho-ZMOF⊃Cou153&SP&MB in high-resolution and depth-resolved bioimaging is demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":114,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials","volume":"155 1","pages":"e18371"},"PeriodicalIF":29.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145777454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shuting Huang,Qiuyuan Ren,Tianxing Zhang,Qingfeng Xu,Najun Li,Hua Li,Tao Wang,Dongyun Chen,Jianmei Lu
Producing value-added chemicals directly from CO2 powered by sunlight offers a sustainable approach to addressing both environmental and economic challenges. However, the inherent chemical stability of CO2 poses a grand challenge in achieving highly active and selective CO2 conversion. Herein, we develop a biohybrid semi-artificial photosynthetic system that integrates carbonic anhydrase (CA) and a CuZn nanozyme photosensitizer with a dendritic polymer (PPA) for the sustainable transformation of CO2 into dimethyl carbonate (DMC). The PPA-wrapped CA/CuZn can capture CO2 to form active intermediates. Through photo-induced charge transfer under visible light illumination, the CA/CuZn@PPA system achieves 100% selectivity for DMC production at room temperature and low CO2 pressure.
{"title":"Semi-Artificial Photosynthetic Machinery for Carbon Dioxide Capture and Conversion.","authors":"Shuting Huang,Qiuyuan Ren,Tianxing Zhang,Qingfeng Xu,Najun Li,Hua Li,Tao Wang,Dongyun Chen,Jianmei Lu","doi":"10.1002/adma.202521092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202521092","url":null,"abstract":"Producing value-added chemicals directly from CO2 powered by sunlight offers a sustainable approach to addressing both environmental and economic challenges. However, the inherent chemical stability of CO2 poses a grand challenge in achieving highly active and selective CO2 conversion. Herein, we develop a biohybrid semi-artificial photosynthetic system that integrates carbonic anhydrase (CA) and a CuZn nanozyme photosensitizer with a dendritic polymer (PPA) for the sustainable transformation of CO2 into dimethyl carbonate (DMC). The PPA-wrapped CA/CuZn can capture CO2 to form active intermediates. Through photo-induced charge transfer under visible light illumination, the CA/CuZn@PPA system achieves 100% selectivity for DMC production at room temperature and low CO2 pressure.","PeriodicalId":114,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials","volume":"24 1","pages":"e21092"},"PeriodicalIF":29.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145777479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The explosive growth of artificial intelligence, big data, and the Internet of Things is driving an unprecedented demand for computing power and energy efficiency. However, conventional von Neumann architectures are increasingly constrained by the physical and economic limits of transistor scaling in the post‐Moore era. Ferroelectric transistors (FeFETs) are far more than a novel memory technology and instead represent a revolutionary platform that seamlessly integrates nonvolatile storage, in‐memory computation, and multi‐modal sensing into a single, energy‐efficient device, overcoming the bottlenecks of traditional computing architectures. This review provides a comprehensive overview of ferroelectric materials, including perovskite oxides, hafnium‐based compounds, organics, and emerging 2D systems, emphasizing their polarization original mechanisms and structureproperty relationships. This study focuses on the device physics and engineering of three terminal FeFETs, with particular attention to the current issues, optimization strategies, and contrasting operation principles of ferroelectric dielectric and semiconductor‐based designs. Finally, the expanding applications of FeFETs in nonvolatile memory, neuromorphic computing, and artificial intelligence hardware from device to system integration is discussed, and an outlook toward scalable, low‐power, and multifunctional electronics driven by ferroelectric innovation is presented.
{"title":"Ferroelectric Transistors: from Materials Innovation to Intelligent Electronic Systems","authors":"Enlong Li, Wunan Wang, Yu Liu, Ruixue Wang, Chunlai Luo, Hongmiao Zhou, Shuo Chen, Shuxin Chen, Zhaoren Xie, Kaichen Zhu, Wenwu Li, Junhao Chu","doi":"10.1002/adma.202515480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202515480","url":null,"abstract":"The explosive growth of artificial intelligence, big data, and the Internet of Things is driving an unprecedented demand for computing power and energy efficiency. However, conventional von Neumann architectures are increasingly constrained by the physical and economic limits of transistor scaling in the post‐Moore era. Ferroelectric transistors (FeFETs) are far more than a novel memory technology and instead represent a revolutionary platform that seamlessly integrates nonvolatile storage, in‐memory computation, and multi‐modal sensing into a single, energy‐efficient device, overcoming the bottlenecks of traditional computing architectures. This review provides a comprehensive overview of ferroelectric materials, including perovskite oxides, hafnium‐based compounds, organics, and emerging 2D systems, emphasizing their polarization original mechanisms and structureproperty relationships. This study focuses on the device physics and engineering of three terminal FeFETs, with particular attention to the current issues, optimization strategies, and contrasting operation principles of ferroelectric dielectric and semiconductor‐based designs. Finally, the expanding applications of FeFETs in nonvolatile memory, neuromorphic computing, and artificial intelligence hardware from device to system integration is discussed, and an outlook toward scalable, low‐power, and multifunctional electronics driven by ferroelectric innovation is presented.","PeriodicalId":114,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145771046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Deep‐red light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) with 690−710 nm emission show high significance in optical, agricultural, and biomedical applications. As primary candidates for deep‐red emitters, all‐inorganic CsPbI 3 films suffer from fused large grains with abundant trap states, leading to inferior performance of deep‐red perovskite LEDs (PeLEDs). Here we report CsPbI 3 nanocrystal films with strong space confinement and notable performance at ∼700 nm of deep‐red emission via bulk fabrication. The dual roles of diaza‐18‐crown‐6 dihydriodide additive as crystallization regulator and Lewis base ligand trigger more nucleation sites, retarded grain growth and passivated trap states, ensuring the crystallization of high‐quality space‐confined CsPbI 3 nanocrystal films. This approach establishes a record‐high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 23.4% for deep‐red PeLEDs, and achieves a maximum luminance of 10152 cd m −2 . Low roll‐off is also demonstrated that EQE maintain over 20% under a high current density of 900 mA cm −2 , which is superior to state‐of‐the‐art deep‐red organic and quantum‐dot LEDs. The T 50 operating lifetime is estimated to be 234 h at an initial radiance of 6.3 W sr −1 m −2 . This work provides an effectual strategy to accelerate radiative recombination and enhance the performance of CsPbI 3 ‐based deep‐red PeLEDs.
{"title":"Bulk Fabrication of Space‐Confined CsPbI 3 Nanocrystal Films Toward Efficient and Bright Deep‐Red LEDs","authors":"Wenji Zhan, Haifei Wang, Jiahao Guo, Yugang Liang, Yanming Wang, Jixin Wu, Zhengzheng Dang, Ni Zhang, Jingjing Cao, Yingping Fan, Yu Zou, Bowei Li, Yao Wang, Yuetian Chen, Yanfeng Miao, Yixin Zhao","doi":"10.1002/adma.202518255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202518255","url":null,"abstract":"Deep‐red light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) with 690−710 nm emission show high significance in optical, agricultural, and biomedical applications. As primary candidates for deep‐red emitters, all‐inorganic CsPbI <jats:sub>3</jats:sub> films suffer from fused large grains with abundant trap states, leading to inferior performance of deep‐red perovskite LEDs (PeLEDs). Here we report CsPbI <jats:sub>3</jats:sub> nanocrystal films with strong space confinement and notable performance at ∼700 nm of deep‐red emission via bulk fabrication. The dual roles of diaza‐18‐crown‐6 dihydriodide additive as crystallization regulator and Lewis base ligand trigger more nucleation sites, retarded grain growth and passivated trap states, ensuring the crystallization of high‐quality space‐confined CsPbI <jats:sub>3</jats:sub> nanocrystal films. This approach establishes a record‐high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 23.4% for deep‐red PeLEDs, and achieves a maximum luminance of 10152 cd m <jats:sup>−2</jats:sup> . Low roll‐off is also demonstrated that EQE maintain over 20% under a high current density of 900 mA cm <jats:sup>−2</jats:sup> , which is superior to state‐of‐the‐art deep‐red organic and quantum‐dot LEDs. The <jats:italic> T <jats:sub>50</jats:sub> </jats:italic> operating lifetime is estimated to be 234 h at an initial radiance of 6.3 W sr <jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> m <jats:sup>−2</jats:sup> . This work provides an effectual strategy to accelerate radiative recombination and enhance the performance of CsPbI <jats:sub>3</jats:sub> ‐based deep‐red PeLEDs.","PeriodicalId":114,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials","volume":"252 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145771058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xin Tang, Yoshio Miura, Noriki Terada, Enda Xiao, Shintaro Kobayashi, Allan Döring, Terumasa Tadano, Andres Martin‐Cid, Takuo Ohkochi, Shogo Kawaguchi, Yoshitaka Matsushita, Tadakatsu Ohkubo, Tetsuya Nakamura, Konstantin Skokov, Oliver Gutfleisch, Kazuhiro Hono, Hossein Sepehri‐Amin
Magnetic cooling, harnessing the temperature change in matter when exposed to a magnetic field, presents an energy‐efficient and climate‐friendly alternative to traditional vapor‐compression refrigeration systems, with a significantly lower global warming potential. The advancement of this technology would be accelerated if irreversible losses arising from hysteresis in magnetocaloric materials are minimized. Despite extensive efforts to manipulate crystal lattice constants at the unit‐cell level, mitigating hysteresis often compromises cooling performance. Herein, we address this persistent challenge by forming Sn(Ge) 3 −Sn(Ge) 3 bonds within the unit cell of the Gd 5 Ge 4 compound. This approach enables an energetically favorable phase transition, leading to the elimination of thermal hysteresis. Consequently, we achieve a synergistic improvement of two key magnetocaloric figures of merit: a larger magnetic entropy change and a twofold increase in the reversible adiabatic temperature change (from 3.8 to 8 K) in the Gd 5 Sn 2 Ge 2 compound. Such synergies can be extended over a wide temperature range of 40–160 K. This study demonstrates a paradigm shift in mastering hysteresis toward simultaneously achieving exceptional magnetocaloric metrics and opens up promising avenues for gas liquefaction applications in the longstanding pursuit of sustainable energy solutions.
{"title":"Control of Covalent Bond Enables Efficient Magnetic Cooling","authors":"Xin Tang, Yoshio Miura, Noriki Terada, Enda Xiao, Shintaro Kobayashi, Allan Döring, Terumasa Tadano, Andres Martin‐Cid, Takuo Ohkochi, Shogo Kawaguchi, Yoshitaka Matsushita, Tadakatsu Ohkubo, Tetsuya Nakamura, Konstantin Skokov, Oliver Gutfleisch, Kazuhiro Hono, Hossein Sepehri‐Amin","doi":"10.1002/adma.202514295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202514295","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetic cooling, harnessing the temperature change in matter when exposed to a magnetic field, presents an energy‐efficient and climate‐friendly alternative to traditional vapor‐compression refrigeration systems, with a significantly lower global warming potential. The advancement of this technology would be accelerated if irreversible losses arising from hysteresis in magnetocaloric materials are minimized. Despite extensive efforts to manipulate crystal lattice constants at the unit‐cell level, mitigating hysteresis often compromises cooling performance. Herein, we address this persistent challenge by forming Sn(Ge) <jats:sub>3</jats:sub> −Sn(Ge) <jats:sub>3</jats:sub> bonds within the unit cell of the Gd <jats:sub>5</jats:sub> Ge <jats:sub>4</jats:sub> compound. This approach enables an energetically favorable phase transition, leading to the elimination of thermal hysteresis. Consequently, we achieve a synergistic improvement of two key magnetocaloric figures of merit: a larger magnetic entropy change and a twofold increase in the reversible adiabatic temperature change (from 3.8 to 8 K) in the Gd <jats:sub>5</jats:sub> Sn <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> Ge <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> compound. Such synergies can be extended over a wide temperature range of 40–160 K. This study demonstrates a paradigm shift in mastering hysteresis toward simultaneously achieving exceptional magnetocaloric metrics and opens up promising avenues for gas liquefaction applications in the longstanding pursuit of sustainable energy solutions.","PeriodicalId":114,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145771047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yang Wang, Chen‐Yang Zhang, Shun‐Xin Li, Guanjun Xiao, Bo Zou
The ongoing exploration of the physical world has intensified the demand for intelligent computing in extreme environments. However, intelligent devices operating under extreme high‐pressure conditions are limited by the pressure tolerance of the materials used for intelligent computing. A pressure‐adaptive artificial synapse (PAAS) using VO 2 (M 1 ) nanoparticles is developed, leveraging the increased lattice rigidity during the M 1 ‐to‐M 1 ’ phase transition (1 atm to 15.1 GPa), which causes the photoinduced insulator‐to‐metal transition to be Mott dominated. The PAAS demonstrated a stable operating current, a superior biomimetic plasticity (maximum paired‐pulse facilitation index from 109.6% to 155.4%), and an improved postsynaptic current linearity (Pearson's r from 0.64 to 0.97) from 1 atm to 15.1 GPa. Furthermore, an artificial neural network mapped by PAAS under high pressure achieved a validation accuracy of 95%–97% in handwritten digit recognition. The PAAS is also applied to a convolutional autoencoder for denoising reconstruction of color images.
对物理世界的不断探索加剧了对极端环境下智能计算的需求。然而，在极端高压条件下运行的智能设备受到用于智能计算的材料的耐压能力的限制。利用VO 2 （m1）纳米颗粒开发了一种压力自适应人工突触（PAAS），利用在m1 - to - m1 '相变（1 atm至15.1 GPa）期间增加的晶格刚度，导致光诱导绝缘体- to -金属转变为Mott主导。PAAS表现出稳定的工作电流，优越的仿生可塑性（最大配对脉冲促进指数从109.6%到155.4%），以及从1 atm到15.1 GPa改善的突触后电流线性（Pearson's r从0.64到0.97）。此外，高压下PAAS映射的人工神经网络在手写体数字识别中获得了95% ~ 97%的验证准确率。该方法还应用于卷积自编码器，用于彩色图像的去噪重建。
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Yi Cheng, Lijuan Yang, Xiaoli Zhao, Lulu Li, Jian Yang, Tao Liu, Feng Li, Ming Huang
Electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction (CO 2 RR) to formate represents a sustainable pathway for carbon utilization, yet its industrial deployment remains hindered by insufficient current density and stability of the electrocatalysts. While lattice strain engineering can modulate catalytic performance by altering electronic structures, a major challenge is the lack of a clear mechanistic understanding connecting the induced strain to the activity enhancement. Herein, by precisely engineering lattice strain in an atomically integrated catalytic system, we establish a definitive intrinsic structure‐activity relationship, moving beyond conventional correlations with apparent properties. Combined experimental and theoretical investigations demonstrate that compressive strain effectively modulates the electronic structure of the Cu d‐orbital and the local electronic states of oxygen vacancies, thereby enhancing the cooperation within the Lewis acid–base pairs. This mechanism facilitates CO 2 adsorption and activation, stabilizes the key * HCOO intermediate, and significantly lowers the reaction energy barrier. Consequently, the catalyst exhibits high formate Faradaic efficiency (>95%) over a broad current density range (−100 to −700 mA cm −2 ), achieving 96.1% at −576.8 mA cm −2 . This research not only elucidates the synergistic Lewis acid‐base catalytic mechanism at the molecular level but also provides universal design principles for the sustainable electro‐synthesis of value‐added formate.
电催化二氧化碳还原（CO 2 RR）生成甲酸是碳利用的一种可持续途径，但其工业应用仍受到电催化剂电流密度和稳定性不足的阻碍。虽然晶格应变工程可以通过改变电子结构来调节催化性能，但主要的挑战是缺乏将诱导应变与活性增强联系起来的明确机制理解。在此，通过精确地设计原子集成催化系统中的晶格应变，我们建立了确定的内在结构-活性关系，超越了与表观性质的传统相关性。结合实验和理论研究表明，压缩应变有效地调节了Cu d轨道的电子结构和氧空位的局部电子态，从而增强了Lewis酸碱对内部的合作。该机制有利于CO 2的吸附和活化，稳定了关键* HCOO中间体，显著降低了反应能垒。因此，该催化剂在较宽的电流密度范围内（- 100至- 700 mA cm - 2）表现出较高的甲酸法拉第效率（>95%），在- 576.8 mA cm - 2时达到96.1%。本研究不仅在分子水平上阐明了Lewis酸碱协同催化机理，而且为可持续电合成增值甲酸酯提供了通用的设计原则。
{"title":"Designing Synergistic Lewis Acid‐Base Pairs in Compressed Bismuth‐Copper Oxide for Selective CO 2 ‐to‐Formate Electrosynthesis","authors":"Yi Cheng, Lijuan Yang, Xiaoli Zhao, Lulu Li, Jian Yang, Tao Liu, Feng Li, Ming Huang","doi":"10.1002/adma.202519866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202519866","url":null,"abstract":"Electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction (CO <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> RR) to formate represents a sustainable pathway for carbon utilization, yet its industrial deployment remains hindered by insufficient current density and stability of the electrocatalysts. While lattice strain engineering can modulate catalytic performance by altering electronic structures, a major challenge is the lack of a clear mechanistic understanding connecting the induced strain to the activity enhancement. Herein, by precisely engineering lattice strain in an atomically integrated catalytic system, we establish a definitive intrinsic structure‐activity relationship, moving beyond conventional correlations with apparent properties. Combined experimental and theoretical investigations demonstrate that compressive strain effectively modulates the electronic structure of the Cu d‐orbital and the local electronic states of oxygen vacancies, thereby enhancing the cooperation within the Lewis acid–base pairs. This mechanism facilitates CO <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> adsorption and activation, stabilizes the key <jats:sup>*</jats:sup> HCOO intermediate, and significantly lowers the reaction energy barrier. Consequently, the catalyst exhibits high formate Faradaic efficiency (>95%) over a broad current density range (−100 to −700 mA cm <jats:sup>−2</jats:sup> ), achieving 96.1% at −576.8 mA cm <jats:sup>−2</jats:sup> . This research not only elucidates the synergistic Lewis acid‐base catalytic mechanism at the molecular level but also provides universal design principles for the sustainable electro‐synthesis of value‐added formate.","PeriodicalId":114,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials","volume":"252 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145771045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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