Pub Date : 2018-05-08DOI: 10.15406/mojap.2018.05.00185
K. SriNageswari, A. Malhotra, Gurjit Kaur, I. Kapoor
It is well known that stress and anxiety impair cognitive performance. Stress related anxiety disorders and depression have been reported in undergraduate medical students during the time course of medical education. If the vulnerable students are picked up and diagnosed in the early stages of stress by subjecting them to various physiological and psychological tests, development of stress related anxiety disorders, depression and other psychosomatic illnesses at a later stage could be averted. The study was initiated with these aims and objectives. Medical students comprise a homogenous set of population with similar ethnic, socio-economic background and similar age group. Students who were diagnosed to be suffering from depression, anxiety disorders or undergoing medication for any psychiatric illness were excluded from the study and referred to the Psychiatry department of Government medical college, Chandigarh. Not all the students respond to medical education with the development of stress symptoms and the studies employing variables that are correlates of stress might not prospectively identify the vulnerable students. Stewart et al.1 investigated depression and anxiety in Ist year medical students in a longitudinal study with a gap of eight months between wave one and wave two. However, many of the reported studies are cross sectional. Hence, it was felt desirable to evaluate stress in first year medical students through physiological and psychological variables during longitudinal studies conducted in two phases which are beneficial over cross sectional studies and follow up studies after giving relaxation training to the next batch of students.
{"title":"Longitudinal studies to evaluate stress in first year medical students through cold pressor response and psychological variables","authors":"K. SriNageswari, A. Malhotra, Gurjit Kaur, I. Kapoor","doi":"10.15406/mojap.2018.05.00185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mojap.2018.05.00185","url":null,"abstract":"It is well known that stress and anxiety impair cognitive performance. Stress related anxiety disorders and depression have been reported in undergraduate medical students during the time course of medical education. If the vulnerable students are picked up and diagnosed in the early stages of stress by subjecting them to various physiological and psychological tests, development of stress related anxiety disorders, depression and other psychosomatic illnesses at a later stage could be averted. The study was initiated with these aims and objectives. Medical students comprise a homogenous set of population with similar ethnic, socio-economic background and similar age group. Students who were diagnosed to be suffering from depression, anxiety disorders or undergoing medication for any psychiatric illness were excluded from the study and referred to the Psychiatry department of Government medical college, Chandigarh. Not all the students respond to medical education with the development of stress symptoms and the studies employing variables that are correlates of stress might not prospectively identify the vulnerable students. Stewart et al.1 investigated depression and anxiety in Ist year medical students in a longitudinal study with a gap of eight months between wave one and wave two. However, many of the reported studies are cross sectional. Hence, it was felt desirable to evaluate stress in first year medical students through physiological and psychological variables during longitudinal studies conducted in two phases which are beneficial over cross sectional studies and follow up studies after giving relaxation training to the next batch of students.","PeriodicalId":115147,"journal":{"name":"MOJ Anatomy & Physiology","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125336541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-01DOI: 10.15406/MOJAP.2018.05.00183
Danilo Alej, O. roGarcía
{"title":"Facial nerve: embryology and anatomy of its nucleus","authors":"Danilo Alej, O. roGarcía","doi":"10.15406/MOJAP.2018.05.00183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/MOJAP.2018.05.00183","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":115147,"journal":{"name":"MOJ Anatomy & Physiology","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123757312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-26DOI: 10.15406/mojap.2018.05.00182
Carhuapoma Dv, Mayhua Mp, Valencia Mn, Li-zhong He
The study was antibacterial to the effect of Urtica dioica and Piper angustifolium in vitro in alpacas with enteropathy. 120 faecal samples from 90 calves born 15 days alpacas were taken. Escherichia coli, Clostridium sp were obtained through biochemical tests. The antibacterial susceptibility was evaluated in three groups: Matico G1, G2 and G3-Nettle Witness-Enrofloxacin concentrations 10 and 5% by disk diffusion method and method Optical turbidimetry. The MIC and MBC was significant (P<0.01) Escherichia coli in groups G1 (Sensitive=29.3±0.2a, Intermediate=15.2±0.3a, resistance=0.0) and G2 (Sensitive=26, 1±0.4ab, Intermediate=16.2 ±0.2a resistance=0.0) and CMB G1 (0.1a±22.0, 21.0 ±1.3a), G2 (0.5ab±37.0, 39.0±0.2ab) against group G3 (=20.2±0.2ac Sensitive, Intermediate =15.1±0.1ac, Resistance=10.4±0.3c) and CMB (0.4ac±420, 460±1.6c), Urtica dioica and Piper angustifolium demonstrate antibacterial effectiveness in alpacas of diarrheal enteropathies.
{"title":"Antibacterial in vitro of effect urtica dioica and piper angustifolium in alpacas (vicugna pacus) with diarrheal enteropathies","authors":"Carhuapoma Dv, Mayhua Mp, Valencia Mn, Li-zhong He","doi":"10.15406/mojap.2018.05.00182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mojap.2018.05.00182","url":null,"abstract":"The study was antibacterial to the effect of Urtica dioica and Piper angustifolium in vitro in alpacas with enteropathy. 120 faecal samples from 90 calves born 15 days alpacas were taken. Escherichia coli, Clostridium sp were obtained through biochemical tests. The antibacterial susceptibility was evaluated in three groups: Matico G1, G2 and G3-Nettle Witness-Enrofloxacin concentrations 10 and 5% by disk diffusion method and method Optical turbidimetry. The MIC and MBC was significant (P<0.01) Escherichia coli in groups G1 (Sensitive=29.3±0.2a, Intermediate=15.2±0.3a, resistance=0.0) and G2 (Sensitive=26, 1±0.4ab, Intermediate=16.2 ±0.2a resistance=0.0) and CMB G1 (0.1a±22.0, 21.0 ±1.3a), G2 (0.5ab±37.0, 39.0±0.2ab) against group G3 (=20.2±0.2ac Sensitive, Intermediate =15.1±0.1ac, Resistance=10.4±0.3c) and CMB (0.4ac±420, 460±1.6c), Urtica dioica and Piper angustifolium demonstrate antibacterial effectiveness in alpacas of diarrheal enteropathies.","PeriodicalId":115147,"journal":{"name":"MOJ Anatomy & Physiology","volume":"166 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115884488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-24DOI: 10.15406/MOJAP.2018.05.00181
Poonam Chaturvedi, A. Singh, A. Tiwari, D. Kulshreshtha, P. Maurya, A. Thacker
Stroke is the major cause of disability. Disability associated with hemiplegia or hemiparesis markedly limits the independent living and social participation in at least half of all stroke survivors.1 Recovery of motor function after stroke involves relearning motor skills and is mediated by neuroplasticity. Although many molecular signalling pathways are involved, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has emerged as a key facilitator of neuroplasticity involved in motor learning and rehabilitation after stroke.2 Recent research has focused on developing rehabilitation strategies that facilitate such neuroplasticity to maximize functional outcome post stroke. A variety of neurologically based techniques are used by physical therapists in the treatment of hemiplegic patients. Although these techniques are used widely, few studies have been reported in the literature validating these diverse approaches for specific conditions or problems. Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) is a philosophy of treatment based on principles of neurophysiology. Kabat3,4 suggested that patterns of movements performed in combination with other facilitatory procedures result in enhanced voluntary responses. The PNF approach to treatment uses the principle (based on early phylogenetic and embryologic observations that control of motion proceeds from proximal to distal body regions. Facilitation of trunk control, therefore, is used to influence the extremities.3–8 Studies reported PNF intervention in subacute and chronic stroke. Studies to the best of our knowledge regarding PNF implementation in acute stroke and its effects on neuroplasticity are still lacking. On the other side a task-oriented exercise program as a new strategy focuses on functional retraining in subjects with stroke by using multi-system interactions, including the musculoskeletal, cognitive, and neurological systems.9–11 Task oriented exercise focuses on individual’s goals and personal needs; and using verbal and visual feedback during practice.9,12,13
{"title":"Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) vs. task specific training in acute stroke: the effects on neuroplasticity","authors":"Poonam Chaturvedi, A. Singh, A. Tiwari, D. Kulshreshtha, P. Maurya, A. Thacker","doi":"10.15406/MOJAP.2018.05.00181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/MOJAP.2018.05.00181","url":null,"abstract":"Stroke is the major cause of disability. Disability associated with hemiplegia or hemiparesis markedly limits the independent living and social participation in at least half of all stroke survivors.1 Recovery of motor function after stroke involves relearning motor skills and is mediated by neuroplasticity. Although many molecular signalling pathways are involved, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has emerged as a key facilitator of neuroplasticity involved in motor learning and rehabilitation after stroke.2 Recent research has focused on developing rehabilitation strategies that facilitate such neuroplasticity to maximize functional outcome post stroke. A variety of neurologically based techniques are used by physical therapists in the treatment of hemiplegic patients. Although these techniques are used widely, few studies have been reported in the literature validating these diverse approaches for specific conditions or problems. Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) is a philosophy of treatment based on principles of neurophysiology. Kabat3,4 suggested that patterns of movements performed in combination with other facilitatory procedures result in enhanced voluntary responses. The PNF approach to treatment uses the principle (based on early phylogenetic and embryologic observations that control of motion proceeds from proximal to distal body regions. Facilitation of trunk control, therefore, is used to influence the extremities.3–8 Studies reported PNF intervention in subacute and chronic stroke. Studies to the best of our knowledge regarding PNF implementation in acute stroke and its effects on neuroplasticity are still lacking. On the other side a task-oriented exercise program as a new strategy focuses on functional retraining in subjects with stroke by using multi-system interactions, including the musculoskeletal, cognitive, and neurological systems.9–11 Task oriented exercise focuses on individual’s goals and personal needs; and using verbal and visual feedback during practice.9,12,13","PeriodicalId":115147,"journal":{"name":"MOJ Anatomy & Physiology","volume":"261 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133751268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-20DOI: 10.15406/MOJAP.2018.05.00180
M. Mantskava, N. Momtselidze, N. Mitagvaria, L. Davlianidze, M. Devdariani, M. Nebieridze, L. Gumberidze, I. Kvachakidze, N. Sikhariulidze
On the one hand, changes in blood circulation support the development of pathology, and on the other hand, the increase and intensification of pathological changes stimulates the process of slowing blood flow. For the normal functioning of systems, organs, tissues, cells, it is necessary to balance all physical and physiological factors that will ensure fluidity of blood corresponding to the needs and loads at a given time.
{"title":"The influence of polysorbate tween 80 on somatic health rats in experiment","authors":"M. Mantskava, N. Momtselidze, N. Mitagvaria, L. Davlianidze, M. Devdariani, M. Nebieridze, L. Gumberidze, I. Kvachakidze, N. Sikhariulidze","doi":"10.15406/MOJAP.2018.05.00180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/MOJAP.2018.05.00180","url":null,"abstract":"On the one hand, changes in blood circulation support the development of pathology, and on the other hand, the increase and intensification of pathological changes stimulates the process of slowing blood flow. For the normal functioning of systems, organs, tissues, cells, it is necessary to balance all physical and physiological factors that will ensure fluidity of blood corresponding to the needs and loads at a given time.","PeriodicalId":115147,"journal":{"name":"MOJ Anatomy & Physiology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129567738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-18DOI: 10.15406/MOJAP.2018.05.00179
P. Nyemb, C. Fontaine, X. Demondion, Maurice Demeulaere, F. Descamps, J. Ndoye
The arteria dorsalis scapulae is usually described as the last collateral branch of the subclavia arteria. In this case its origin is localized below the anterior scalene muscle (scalenus anterior).1 Some authors describe this artery as the deep branch of the arteria transversa cervicis, arising next to the anterior edge of the trapezius muscle.1 Irrespective of its origin, the arteria dorsalis scapulae represents the main vascular pedicle of the trapezius muscle and surrounding integuments. Any microvascular surgery in the trapezian region therefore implies an excellent knowledge of the anatomy of the arteria dorsalis scapulae whose origin and therefore the path can be very variable.2 The authors of this work report different birth modalities of the arteria dorsalis scapulae from its original trunks.
{"title":"Anatomical variations on the origin of the dorsal scarular artery: about 58 dissections","authors":"P. Nyemb, C. Fontaine, X. Demondion, Maurice Demeulaere, F. Descamps, J. Ndoye","doi":"10.15406/MOJAP.2018.05.00179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/MOJAP.2018.05.00179","url":null,"abstract":"The arteria dorsalis scapulae is usually described as the last collateral branch of the subclavia arteria. In this case its origin is localized below the anterior scalene muscle (scalenus anterior).1 Some authors describe this artery as the deep branch of the arteria transversa cervicis, arising next to the anterior edge of the trapezius muscle.1 Irrespective of its origin, the arteria dorsalis scapulae represents the main vascular pedicle of the trapezius muscle and surrounding integuments. Any microvascular surgery in the trapezian region therefore implies an excellent knowledge of the anatomy of the arteria dorsalis scapulae whose origin and therefore the path can be very variable.2 The authors of this work report different birth modalities of the arteria dorsalis scapulae from its original trunks.","PeriodicalId":115147,"journal":{"name":"MOJ Anatomy & Physiology","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123546358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-16DOI: 10.15406/mojap.2018.05.00178
Ganesh Ch, R. Jagetia, T. Lalrinpuii
Since the isolation of doxorubicin (DOX) in 1960s from Streptomyces peucetius it has emerged as one of the most effective anticancer drugs for the treatment of cancer.1,2 Doxorubicin has been used clinically since 1970s, for the treatments of several malignant tumours including myeloblastic leukemias, lymphomas, breast cancer, small cell lung cancer, ovarian cancer, childhood solid cancers and soft tissue sarcomas.3‒5 The doxorubicin also finds its utility in the treatment of liver cancers.6 Recent phase I clinical trial has reemphasized the application of doxorubicin in conjunction with lurbinectedin (PM01183) as a useful paradigm in the treatment of patients presenting with small cell lung cancer.7
{"title":"Naringin protects rat lung against the doxorubicin-induced biochemical injury","authors":"Ganesh Ch, R. Jagetia, T. Lalrinpuii","doi":"10.15406/mojap.2018.05.00178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mojap.2018.05.00178","url":null,"abstract":"Since the isolation of doxorubicin (DOX) in 1960s from Streptomyces peucetius it has emerged as one of the most effective anticancer drugs for the treatment of cancer.1,2 Doxorubicin has been used clinically since 1970s, for the treatments of several malignant tumours including myeloblastic leukemias, lymphomas, breast cancer, small cell lung cancer, ovarian cancer, childhood solid cancers and soft tissue sarcomas.3‒5 The doxorubicin also finds its utility in the treatment of liver cancers.6 Recent phase I clinical trial has reemphasized the application of doxorubicin in conjunction with lurbinectedin (PM01183) as a useful paradigm in the treatment of patients presenting with small cell lung cancer.7","PeriodicalId":115147,"journal":{"name":"MOJ Anatomy & Physiology","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126401796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-13DOI: 10.15406/mojap.2018.05.00177
A. Liaudat, P. Bosch, Nancy Rodríguez
Stress can be defined as a real or supposed threat to physical or psychological integrity of an individual, resulting in a physiological and /or behavioral response.1 The degree of damage caused by the stress depends on the nature, intensity and duration of the stimuli as well as the stage of gestation at which the stressor is applied.2 Dhabhar & McEwen3 showed that the activation of the physiologic stress response systems can also enhance immune function as evidenced by increase in allergic contact sensitivity or delayed-type hypersensitivity. In contrast, acute stress has no effect on the course of irritant contact sensitivity, an immune reaction that does not involve an Ag-specific memory response. Herbert & Cohen4 suggested that objective stressful events leas to larger immune changes than subjective self-reports of stress and that interpersonal events are related to different immune outcomes than non-social events.
{"title":"Stress versus immunity","authors":"A. Liaudat, P. Bosch, Nancy Rodríguez","doi":"10.15406/mojap.2018.05.00177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mojap.2018.05.00177","url":null,"abstract":"Stress can be defined as a real or supposed threat to physical or psychological integrity of an individual, resulting in a physiological and /or behavioral response.1 The degree of damage caused by the stress depends on the nature, intensity and duration of the stimuli as well as the stage of gestation at which the stressor is applied.2 Dhabhar & McEwen3 showed that the activation of the physiologic stress response systems can also enhance immune function as evidenced by increase in allergic contact sensitivity or delayed-type hypersensitivity. In contrast, acute stress has no effect on the course of irritant contact sensitivity, an immune reaction that does not involve an Ag-specific memory response. Herbert & Cohen4 suggested that objective stressful events leas to larger immune changes than subjective self-reports of stress and that interpersonal events are related to different immune outcomes than non-social events.","PeriodicalId":115147,"journal":{"name":"MOJ Anatomy & Physiology","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130137796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-12DOI: 10.15406/mojap.2018.05.00176
O. Mohamed, M. Taher, Walyeldin Elfakey
Normal kidneys filter and remove excess small proteins from the blood; thus, keeping blood levels normal. When the kidneys failed, as in patients receiving dialysis, one type of small protein called beta 2-microglobulin builds up in the blood. When this occurs, beta 2-microglobulin molecules may join together, like the links of a chain, forming a few very large molecules from many smaller ones. These large molecules can form deposits and eventually damage the surrounding tissues and cause great discomfort. This condition is called dialysis-related amyloidosis (DRA).1
{"title":"Beta 2-microglobulin amyloidosis causing carpal tunnel syndrome, mimic steal syndrome","authors":"O. Mohamed, M. Taher, Walyeldin Elfakey","doi":"10.15406/mojap.2018.05.00176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mojap.2018.05.00176","url":null,"abstract":"Normal kidneys filter and remove excess small proteins from the blood; thus, keeping blood levels normal. When the kidneys failed, as in patients receiving dialysis, one type of small protein called beta 2-microglobulin builds up in the blood. When this occurs, beta 2-microglobulin molecules may join together, like the links of a chain, forming a few very large molecules from many smaller ones. These large molecules can form deposits and eventually damage the surrounding tissues and cause great discomfort. This condition is called dialysis-related amyloidosis (DRA).1","PeriodicalId":115147,"journal":{"name":"MOJ Anatomy & Physiology","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122014714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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