Gout is a metabolic disorder due to the deposition of uric acid crystals within articular or periarticular tissues. Uricase (urate oxidase) catalyzes the oxidation of less water soluble uric acid (7 mg/dl) to a compound allantoin which is more water soluble(11g/L at 40°C) resulting into the ease of excretion of uric acid. The objective of the work was to develop a new method for screening of microbes for uricase production and estimation of uricase thereof. This was achieved by utilizing the fact that uric acid dissolves on being acted upon by uricase. The proposed method is a novel, inexpensive, simple and sensitive technique for screening and estimation of uricase. Biomass and uricase production at different stages of microbial growth curve for the uricase producing microbe was studied. Effects of different medium components affecting uricase production by microbes were studied using Placket Burman statistical design. Addition of uric acid in the nutrient medium was found to be effective in increasing the uricase production by microbes growing in the medium.
{"title":"Evaluation of Factors Affecting Uricase Production by the Screened Wild/Natural Microbes","authors":"H. Dwivedi, Kusum Agrawal, S. Saraf","doi":"10.1155/2012/976242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/976242","url":null,"abstract":"Gout is a metabolic disorder due to the deposition of uric acid crystals within articular or periarticular tissues. Uricase (urate oxidase) catalyzes the oxidation of less water soluble uric acid (7 mg/dl) to a compound allantoin which is more water soluble(11g/L at 40°C) resulting into the ease of excretion of uric acid. The objective of the work was to develop a new method for screening of microbes for uricase production and estimation of uricase thereof. This was achieved by utilizing the fact that uric acid dissolves on being acted upon by uricase. The proposed method is a novel, inexpensive, simple and sensitive technique for screening and estimation of uricase. Biomass and uricase production at different stages of microbial growth curve for the uricase producing microbe was studied. Effects of different medium components affecting uricase production by microbes were studied using Placket Burman statistical design. Addition of uric acid in the nutrient medium was found to be effective in increasing the uricase production by microbes growing in the medium.","PeriodicalId":11519,"journal":{"name":"E-journal of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/976242","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64372569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lanthanum chloride was found to be an effective catalyst for the facile and one-pot synthesis of polysubstituted imidazoles under solvent free condition in excellent yields. This method elucidates urea/thiourea, as an environmentally benign source of ammonia for the synthesis of polysubstituted imidazoles. The work-up procedure is very simple and the products don’t require further purification.
{"title":"Versatile Microwave-Assisted and Lanthanum Chloride Catalysed Synthesis of Polysubstituted Imidazoles Using Urea/Thiourea as Benign Source of Ammonia","authors":"M. Manafi, P. Manafi, M. Kalaee","doi":"10.1155/2012/396127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/396127","url":null,"abstract":"Lanthanum chloride was found to be an effective catalyst for the facile and one-pot synthesis of polysubstituted imidazoles under solvent free condition in excellent yields. This method elucidates urea/thiourea, as an environmentally benign source of ammonia for the synthesis of polysubstituted imidazoles. The work-up procedure is very simple and the products don’t require further purification.","PeriodicalId":11519,"journal":{"name":"E-journal of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/396127","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64319336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The equilibrium constants and other thermodynamic parameters for the adduct formation between cis-[Pt(p-Tol)2(SMe2)2] complex as an acceptor and 3-hydroxy pyridine (pyridine-3-ol) ligand as a donor in acetone, ethanol and benzene at various temperatures (13-20°C) have been spectrophotometrically measured. Our studies showed that ΔH°(KJ.mol-1) of the reaction in ethanol, acetone and benzene are 6.442, 43.1 and 46.247 respectively. The related entropies (J.mol-1.K-1) have been obtained 89.82, 218.5 and 236 respectively, too. In addition, the amount of ΔG°(kJ.mol-1) for the reaction occurred in solvents mentioned above are -20.324, -22.013 and -24.081.
{"title":"Thermodynamic Study of the Substitution Reaction between Cis-[Pt(p-MeC6H4)2(SMe2)2] Complex and pyridine-3-ol Ligand","authors":"A. Akbari, M. Ahmadi, B. Golzadeh","doi":"10.1155/2012/191539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/191539","url":null,"abstract":"The equilibrium constants and other thermodynamic parameters for the adduct formation between cis-[Pt(p-Tol)2(SMe2)2] complex as an acceptor and 3-hydroxy pyridine (pyridine-3-ol) ligand as a donor in acetone, ethanol and benzene at various temperatures (13-20°C) have been spectrophotometrically measured. Our studies showed that ΔH°(KJ.mol-1) of the reaction in ethanol, acetone and benzene are 6.442, 43.1 and 46.247 respectively. The related entropies (J.mol-1.K-1) have been obtained 89.82, 218.5 and 236 respectively, too. In addition, the amount of ΔG°(kJ.mol-1) for the reaction occurred in solvents mentioned above are -20.324, -22.013 and -24.081.","PeriodicalId":11519,"journal":{"name":"E-journal of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/191539","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64300777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A new nano silicagel supported by thionyl chloride as a solid acid was synthesized and used as a increasing the production yield of dye to affect the efficient diazotization of arylamines. The diazonium salts thus obtained were coupled, using standard experimental procedures, to anilines and naphthols to afford the requisite azo dyes in good yield. The diazotization and subsequent azo-coupling generated the related azo dyes at low temperature in short reaction times with a simple experimental procedure.
{"title":"A New Nano Silica Gel Supported by Thionyl Chloride as a Solid Acid for the Efficient Diazotization of Aniline Derivatives: Application and Synthesis of Azo Dyes","authors":"M. Mirjalili, F. Zahed, A. Hassanabadi","doi":"10.1155/2012/306137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/306137","url":null,"abstract":"A new nano silicagel supported by thionyl chloride as a solid acid was synthesized and used as a increasing the production yield of dye to affect the efficient diazotization of arylamines. The diazonium salts thus obtained were coupled, using standard experimental procedures, to anilines and naphthols to afford the requisite azo dyes in good yield. The diazotization and subsequent azo-coupling generated the related azo dyes at low temperature in short reaction times with a simple experimental procedure.","PeriodicalId":11519,"journal":{"name":"E-journal of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/306137","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64311783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An efficient method for the synthesis of 3-arylidenechroman-4-ones has been developed under solvent free conditions using grinding technique. Grinding of variously substituted chroman-4-ones with aromatic aldehydes in presence of anhydrous barium hydroxide at room temperature give 3-arylidenechroman-4-ones in high yield (75-92%). Products are obtained by just acidification of the reaction mixture in ice cold water. Reaction in solid state, with enhanced rate, high selectivity and manipulative simplicity are the attractive features of this environmentally benign protocol. The chroman-4-one derivatives required for the reaction have been obtained by polyphosphoric acid (PPA) catalysed cyclisation of phenoxypropanoic acids under microwave irradiations.
{"title":"A Facile Solvent Free Synthesis of 3-arylidenechroman-4-ones Using Grinding Technique","authors":"Suresh Kumar, J. K. Makrandi","doi":"10.1155/2012/324907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/324907","url":null,"abstract":"An efficient method for the synthesis of 3-arylidenechroman-4-ones has been developed under solvent free conditions using grinding technique. Grinding of variously substituted chroman-4-ones with aromatic aldehydes in presence of anhydrous barium hydroxide at room temperature give 3-arylidenechroman-4-ones in high yield (75-92%). Products are obtained by just acidification of the reaction mixture in ice cold water. Reaction in solid state, with enhanced rate, high selectivity and manipulative simplicity are the attractive features of this environmentally benign protocol. The chroman-4-one derivatives required for the reaction have been obtained by polyphosphoric acid (PPA) catalysed cyclisation of phenoxypropanoic acids under microwave irradiations.","PeriodicalId":11519,"journal":{"name":"E-journal of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/324907","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64313109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Activated carbon obtained from orange peel (ACOP) was synthesized and used for the removal of heavy metal ions (Cr, Cd, and Co) from aqueous solutions. Two different adsorption models were used for analyzing data. Adsorption capacities were determined: copper ions exhibit the greatest adsorption on activated carbon orange peel because of its size and pH conditions. Adsorption capacity varies as a function of pH. Adsorption isotherms from aqueous solution of heavy metals on ACOP were determined. Adsorption isotherms are consistent with Langmuir's adsorption model. Adsorbent quantity and immersion enthalpy were studied.
{"title":"Heavy Metal Ions Adsorption from Wastewater Using Activated Carbon from Orange Peel","authors":"J. Moreno-Piraján, L. Giraldo","doi":"10.1155/2012/383742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/383742","url":null,"abstract":"Activated carbon obtained from orange peel (ACOP) was synthesized and used for the removal of heavy metal ions (Cr, Cd, and Co) from aqueous solutions. Two different adsorption models were used for analyzing data. Adsorption capacities were determined: copper ions exhibit the greatest adsorption on activated carbon orange peel because of its size and pH conditions. Adsorption capacity varies as a function of pH. Adsorption isotherms from aqueous solution of heavy metals on ACOP were determined. Adsorption isotherms are consistent with Langmuir's adsorption model. Adsorbent quantity and immersion enthalpy were studied.","PeriodicalId":11519,"journal":{"name":"E-journal of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/383742","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64317483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Expanded graphite (EG) adsorbent was prepared with 50 mesh graphite as raw materials, potassium permanganate as oxidant, and vitriol as intercalation compound. Three kinds of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with different degree of polymerization (DP) in aqueous solution were used as adsorbates. We have studied the influence of initial PVA concentration, temperature and ionic strength on adsorption capacity. Langmuir constants and Gibbs free energy change (⊿G°) were calculated according to experimental data respectively. Thermodynamic analysis indicates the equilibrium adsorbance of PVA on EG increase with the rise of SO42– concentration. Adsorption isotherms of PVA with different degree of polymerization are all types and we deduce PVA molecules lie flat on EG surface. Adsorption processes are all spontaneous. Kinetic studies show that the kinetic data can be described by pseudo second-order kinetic model. Second-order rate constants and the initial adsorption rate rise with the increasing of temperature and half-adsorption time decreases with the increasing of temperature. The adsorption activation energy of each PVA is less than 20 kJ•mol−1, physical adsorption is the major mode of the overall adsorption process.
{"title":"Adsorption Characteristics of Polyvinyl Alcohols in Solution on Expanded Graphite","authors":"X. Pang","doi":"10.1155/2012/461386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/461386","url":null,"abstract":"Expanded graphite (EG) adsorbent was prepared with 50 mesh graphite as raw materials, potassium permanganate as oxidant, and vitriol as intercalation compound. Three kinds of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with different degree of polymerization (DP) in aqueous solution were used as adsorbates. We have studied the influence of initial PVA concentration, temperature and ionic strength on adsorption capacity. Langmuir constants and Gibbs free energy change (⊿G°) were calculated according to experimental data respectively. Thermodynamic analysis indicates the equilibrium adsorbance of PVA on EG increase with the rise of SO42– concentration. Adsorption isotherms of PVA with different degree of polymerization are all types and we deduce PVA molecules lie flat on EG surface. Adsorption processes are all spontaneous. Kinetic studies show that the kinetic data can be described by pseudo second-order kinetic model. Second-order rate constants and the initial adsorption rate rise with the increasing of temperature and half-adsorption time decreases with the increasing of temperature. The adsorption activation energy of each PVA is less than 20 kJ•mol−1, physical adsorption is the major mode of the overall adsorption process.","PeriodicalId":11519,"journal":{"name":"E-journal of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/461386","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64324234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Shirmardi, A. Mesdaghinia, A. Mahvi, S. Nasseri, R. Nabizadeh
Azo dyes are one of the synthetic dyes that are used in many textile industries. Adsorption is one of the most effective techniques for removal of dye-contaminated wastewater. In this work, efficiency of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as an adsorbent for removal of Acid Red 18 (azo-dye) from aqueous solution was determined. The parameters affecting the adsorption process such as contact time, pH, adsorbent dosage, and initial dye concentration were studied. Experimental results have shown by increasing the adsorbent dosage, the rate of dye removal was increased, but the amount of adsorbed dyes per mass unit of MWCNTs was declined. pH as one of the most important influencing factors on the adsorption process was evaluated. The best pH for adsorption process was acidic pH of about 3. To describe the equilibrium of adsorption, the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms were used. The Langmuir isotherm (R2=0.985) was the best fitted for experimental data with maximum adsorption capacity of 166.67 mg/g. A higher correlation value of the kinetic's model was observed close to pseudo second order (R2=0.999) compared to other kinetic models.
{"title":"Kinetics and Equilibrium Studies on Adsorption of Acid Red 18 (Azo-Dye) Using Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) from Aqueous Solution","authors":"M. Shirmardi, A. Mesdaghinia, A. Mahvi, S. Nasseri, R. Nabizadeh","doi":"10.1155/2012/541909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/541909","url":null,"abstract":"Azo dyes are one of the synthetic dyes that are used in many textile industries. Adsorption is one of the most effective techniques for removal of dye-contaminated wastewater. In this work, efficiency of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as an adsorbent for removal of Acid Red 18 (azo-dye) from aqueous solution was determined. The parameters affecting the adsorption process such as contact time, pH, adsorbent dosage, and initial dye concentration were studied. Experimental results have shown by increasing the adsorbent dosage, the rate of dye removal was increased, but the amount of adsorbed dyes per mass unit of MWCNTs was declined. pH as one of the most important influencing factors on the adsorption process was evaluated. The best pH for adsorption process was acidic pH of about 3. To describe the equilibrium of adsorption, the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms were used. The Langmuir isotherm (R2=0.985) was the best fitted for experimental data with maximum adsorption capacity of 166.67 mg/g. A higher correlation value of the kinetic's model was observed close to pseudo second order (R2=0.999) compared to other kinetic models.","PeriodicalId":11519,"journal":{"name":"E-journal of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/541909","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64331870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Some peracetylated glucopyranosyl thioureas containing a heterocyclic ring system, benzo-1,3-thiazole have been prepared by the condensation reaction of tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl isothiocyanate and corresponding substituted 2-amino-(6-substituted)benzo-1,3-thiazoles. Investigated heating conditions showed that the solventless microwave-assisted method gave higher yields of these thioureas.
以4 - o-乙酰基-β- d -葡萄糖吡喃基异硫氰酸酯与相应的2-氨基-(6-取代)苯并-1,3-噻唑为缩合反应，制备了含有杂环体系-苯并-1,3-噻唑的过乙酰化葡萄糖吡喃基硫脲。对加热条件的研究表明，无溶剂微波辅助法制备这些硫脲的收率较高。
{"title":"Synthesis of Peracetylated β-D-Glucopyranosyl Thioureas from Substituted 2-Aminobenzo-1ʹ, 3ʹ-thiazoles","authors":"N. Thanh","doi":"10.1155/2012/615601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/615601","url":null,"abstract":"Some peracetylated glucopyranosyl thioureas containing a heterocyclic ring system, benzo-1,3-thiazole have been prepared by the condensation reaction of tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl isothiocyanate and corresponding substituted 2-amino-(6-substituted)benzo-1,3-thiazoles. Investigated heating conditions showed that the solventless microwave-assisted method gave higher yields of these thioureas.","PeriodicalId":11519,"journal":{"name":"E-journal of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/615601","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64337530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chalcones (6a-f) have been prepared by the condensation of ketone (5) and different aromatic and heterocyclic aldehydes. These chalcones (6a-f) on treatment with guanidine hydrochloride and phenyl hydrazine hydrochloride in presence of alkali give aminopyrimidines (7a-f) and phenylpyrazolines (8a-f) respectively. All the newly synthesized compounds have been characterized on the basis of IR, 1HNMR spectral data as well as physical data. Antibacterial activity (minimum inhibitory concentration MIC) against Gram-positive S. aureus MTCC 96 and S. pyogeneus MTCC 442 and Gram-negative P. aeruginosa MTCC 1688 and E. coli MTCC 443 bacteria, as well as antifungal acivities (MIC) against C. albicans MTCC 227, A. niger MTCC 282 and A. clavatus MTCC 1323 were determined by broth dilution method.
{"title":"A Facile Synthesis and Studies of Some New Chalcones and Their Derivatives Based on Heterocyclic Ring","authors":"A. Solankee, K. Patel, R. Patel","doi":"10.1155/2012/638452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/638452","url":null,"abstract":"Chalcones (6a-f) have been prepared by the condensation of ketone (5) and different aromatic and heterocyclic aldehydes. These chalcones (6a-f) on treatment with guanidine hydrochloride and phenyl hydrazine hydrochloride in presence of alkali give aminopyrimidines (7a-f) and phenylpyrazolines (8a-f) respectively. All the newly synthesized compounds have been characterized on the basis of IR, 1HNMR spectral data as well as physical data. Antibacterial activity (minimum inhibitory concentration MIC) against Gram-positive S. aureus MTCC 96 and S. pyogeneus MTCC 442 and Gram-negative P. aeruginosa MTCC 1688 and E. coli MTCC 443 bacteria, as well as antifungal acivities (MIC) against C. albicans MTCC 227, A. niger MTCC 282 and A. clavatus MTCC 1323 were determined by broth dilution method.","PeriodicalId":11519,"journal":{"name":"E-journal of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/638452","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64339914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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