Poly Pyrrle saw dust composite was prepared by reinforcement of natural wood saw dust (obtained from Euphorbia Tirucalli L wood) and Poly Pyrrole matrix phase. The present study investigates the adsorption behaviour of Poly Pyrrole Saw dust Composite towards reactive dye. The batch adsorption studies were carried out by varying solution pH, initial dye concentration, contact time and temperature. The kinetic study showed that adsorption of Reactive Red by PPC was best represented by pseudo-second order kinetics with ion exchange adsorption. The equilibrium data were analyzed by Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm model. The equilibrium isotherm data were fitted well with Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacities calculated by Langmuir model were 204.08 mg/g for Reactive Red at 303 K. The thermodynamic parameters suggest the spontaneous, endothermic nature of ion exchange adsorption with weak Vader walls force of attraction. Activation energy for the adsorption of Reactive by Poly Pyrrole Composite was 11.6387 kJ/mole, Isosteric Heat of adsorption was 48.5454 kJ/mole also supported the ion exchange adsorption process in which forces of attraction between dye molecules and PPC is weak.
{"title":"Polymer Composite—A Potential Biomaterial for the Removal of Reactive Dye","authors":"P. N. Palanisamy, A. Agalya, P. Sivakumar","doi":"10.1155/2012/518581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/518581","url":null,"abstract":"Poly Pyrrle saw dust composite was prepared by reinforcement of natural wood saw dust (obtained from Euphorbia Tirucalli L wood) and Poly Pyrrole matrix phase. The present study investigates the adsorption behaviour of Poly Pyrrole Saw dust Composite towards reactive dye. The batch adsorption studies were carried out by varying solution pH, initial dye concentration, contact time and temperature. The kinetic study showed that adsorption of Reactive Red by PPC was best represented by pseudo-second order kinetics with ion exchange adsorption. The equilibrium data were analyzed by Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm model. The equilibrium isotherm data were fitted well with Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacities calculated by Langmuir model were 204.08 mg/g for Reactive Red at 303 K. The thermodynamic parameters suggest the spontaneous, endothermic nature of ion exchange adsorption with weak Vader walls force of attraction. Activation energy for the adsorption of Reactive by Poly Pyrrole Composite was 11.6387 kJ/mole, Isosteric Heat of adsorption was 48.5454 kJ/mole also supported the ion exchange adsorption process in which forces of attraction between dye molecules and PPC is weak.","PeriodicalId":11519,"journal":{"name":"E-journal of Chemistry","volume":"9 1","pages":"1823-1834"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/518581","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64329809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An efficient method for the synthesis of 3-arylidenechroman-4-ones has been developed under solvent free conditions using grinding technique. Grinding of variously substituted chroman-4-ones with aromatic aldehydes in presence of anhydrous barium hydroxide at room temperature give 3-arylidenechroman-4-ones in high yield (75-92%). Products are obtained by just acidification of the reaction mixture in ice cold water. Reaction in solid state, with enhanced rate, high selectivity and manipulative simplicity are the attractive features of this environmentally benign protocol. The chroman-4-one derivatives required for the reaction have been obtained by polyphosphoric acid (PPA) catalysed cyclisation of phenoxypropanoic acids under microwave irradiations.
{"title":"A Facile Solvent Free Synthesis of 3-arylidenechroman-4-ones Using Grinding Technique","authors":"Suresh Kumar, J. K. Makrandi","doi":"10.1155/2012/324907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/324907","url":null,"abstract":"An efficient method for the synthesis of 3-arylidenechroman-4-ones has been developed under solvent free conditions using grinding technique. Grinding of variously substituted chroman-4-ones with aromatic aldehydes in presence of anhydrous barium hydroxide at room temperature give 3-arylidenechroman-4-ones in high yield (75-92%). Products are obtained by just acidification of the reaction mixture in ice cold water. Reaction in solid state, with enhanced rate, high selectivity and manipulative simplicity are the attractive features of this environmentally benign protocol. The chroman-4-one derivatives required for the reaction have been obtained by polyphosphoric acid (PPA) catalysed cyclisation of phenoxypropanoic acids under microwave irradiations.","PeriodicalId":11519,"journal":{"name":"E-journal of Chemistry","volume":"49 1","pages":"1251-1256"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/324907","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64313109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To determinate the mineral elements contents in millet，maise，oat，buckwheat，sorghum and purple rice, microwave digestion procedure optimized was applied for digesting six coarse grains. Nineteen mineral element concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Results displayed the limits of detection (LODs) and the limits of quantification (LOQs) range from 0.0047 to 0.1250 μg/mL and 0.0155 to 0.4125 μg/mL. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) range from 0.83% to 5.03%, which showed that this proposed method was accurate and precise to detect mineral elements in coarse grains simultaneously. Correlation coefficients (r) were calculated in the range of 0.999096-0.999989. The sufficient dada obtained described that the coarse grains selected were abundant in mineral element contents in the human body on daily diet. The success of combining the microwave digestion technology with the ICP-AES was a simple and precise method to determine many mineral elements in coarse grains simultaneously.
{"title":"Determination of Mineral Elements of Some Coarse Grains by Microwave Digestion with Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry","authors":"Li Yang, Qinghua Yan, Yinping Cao, Hui-rong Zhang","doi":"10.1155/2012/869297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/869297","url":null,"abstract":"To determinate the mineral elements contents in millet，maise，oat，buckwheat，sorghum and purple rice, microwave digestion procedure optimized was applied for digesting six coarse grains. Nineteen mineral element concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Results displayed the limits of detection (LODs) and the limits of quantification (LOQs) range from 0.0047 to 0.1250 μg/mL and 0.0155 to 0.4125 μg/mL. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) range from 0.83% to 5.03%, which showed that this proposed method was accurate and precise to detect mineral elements in coarse grains simultaneously. Correlation coefficients (r) were calculated in the range of 0.999096-0.999989. The sufficient dada obtained described that the coarse grains selected were abundant in mineral element contents in the human body on daily diet. The success of combining the microwave digestion technology with the ICP-AES was a simple and precise method to determine many mineral elements in coarse grains simultaneously.","PeriodicalId":11519,"journal":{"name":"E-journal of Chemistry","volume":"9 1","pages":"93-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/869297","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64362498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Novel Cu(II),Ni(II) and VO(II) complexes are synthesized with N1,N4-bis(2-aminobenzylidene)benzene-1,4-diamine (L). Complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, IR, UV and EPR. Spectral studies reveals a square planner geomentry for Cu(II), Ni(II) complexes and square pyramidal for VO(II) complex. The ligand and its complexes were also evaluated against the growth of gram positive bacteria and gram negative bacteria.
{"title":"Antibacterial Activity of Macrocyclic Complexes of Cu(II), Ni(II) and VO(II) Derived from o-Aminobenzaldehyde","authors":"K. Anuradha, R. Rajavel","doi":"10.1155/2012/953727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/953727","url":null,"abstract":"Novel Cu(II),Ni(II) and VO(II) complexes are synthesized with N1,N4-bis(2-aminobenzylidene)benzene-1,4-diamine (L). Complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, IR, UV and EPR. Spectral studies reveals a square planner geomentry for Cu(II), Ni(II) complexes and square pyramidal for VO(II) complex. The ligand and its complexes were also evaluated against the growth of gram positive bacteria and gram negative bacteria.","PeriodicalId":11519,"journal":{"name":"E-journal of Chemistry","volume":"9 1","pages":"481-486"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/953727","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64370555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The equilibrium constants and other thermodynamic parameters for the adduct formation between cis-[Pt(p-Tol)2(SMe2)2] complex as an acceptor and 3-hydroxy pyridine (pyridine-3-ol) ligand as a donor in acetone, ethanol and benzene at various temperatures (13-20°C) have been spectrophotometrically measured. Our studies showed that ΔH°(KJ.mol-1) of the reaction in ethanol, acetone and benzene are 6.442, 43.1 and 46.247 respectively. The related entropies (J.mol-1.K-1) have been obtained 89.82, 218.5 and 236 respectively, too. In addition, the amount of ΔG°(kJ.mol-1) for the reaction occurred in solvents mentioned above are -20.324, -22.013 and -24.081.
{"title":"Thermodynamic Study of the Substitution Reaction between Cis-[Pt(p-MeC6H4)2(SMe2)2] Complex and pyridine-3-ol Ligand","authors":"A. Akbari, M. Ahmadi, B. Golzadeh","doi":"10.1155/2012/191539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/191539","url":null,"abstract":"The equilibrium constants and other thermodynamic parameters for the adduct formation between cis-[Pt(p-Tol)2(SMe2)2] complex as an acceptor and 3-hydroxy pyridine (pyridine-3-ol) ligand as a donor in acetone, ethanol and benzene at various temperatures (13-20°C) have been spectrophotometrically measured. Our studies showed that ΔH°(KJ.mol-1) of the reaction in ethanol, acetone and benzene are 6.442, 43.1 and 46.247 respectively. The related entropies (J.mol-1.K-1) have been obtained 89.82, 218.5 and 236 respectively, too. In addition, the amount of ΔG°(kJ.mol-1) for the reaction occurred in solvents mentioned above are -20.324, -22.013 and -24.081.","PeriodicalId":11519,"journal":{"name":"E-journal of Chemistry","volume":"9 1","pages":"1230-1237"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/191539","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64300777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chalcones (6a-f) have been prepared by the condensation of ketone (5) and different aromatic and heterocyclic aldehydes. These chalcones (6a-f) on treatment with guanidine hydrochloride and phenyl hydrazine hydrochloride in presence of alkali give aminopyrimidines (7a-f) and phenylpyrazolines (8a-f) respectively. All the newly synthesized compounds have been characterized on the basis of IR, 1HNMR spectral data as well as physical data. Antibacterial activity (minimum inhibitory concentration MIC) against Gram-positive S. aureus MTCC 96 and S. pyogeneus MTCC 442 and Gram-negative P. aeruginosa MTCC 1688 and E. coli MTCC 443 bacteria, as well as antifungal acivities (MIC) against C. albicans MTCC 227, A. niger MTCC 282 and A. clavatus MTCC 1323 were determined by broth dilution method.
{"title":"A Facile Synthesis and Studies of Some New Chalcones and Their Derivatives Based on Heterocyclic Ring","authors":"A. Solankee, K. Patel, R. Patel","doi":"10.1155/2012/638452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/638452","url":null,"abstract":"Chalcones (6a-f) have been prepared by the condensation of ketone (5) and different aromatic and heterocyclic aldehydes. These chalcones (6a-f) on treatment with guanidine hydrochloride and phenyl hydrazine hydrochloride in presence of alkali give aminopyrimidines (7a-f) and phenylpyrazolines (8a-f) respectively. All the newly synthesized compounds have been characterized on the basis of IR, 1HNMR spectral data as well as physical data. Antibacterial activity (minimum inhibitory concentration MIC) against Gram-positive S. aureus MTCC 96 and S. pyogeneus MTCC 442 and Gram-negative P. aeruginosa MTCC 1688 and E. coli MTCC 443 bacteria, as well as antifungal acivities (MIC) against C. albicans MTCC 227, A. niger MTCC 282 and A. clavatus MTCC 1323 were determined by broth dilution method.","PeriodicalId":11519,"journal":{"name":"E-journal of Chemistry","volume":"9 1","pages":"1897-1905"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/638452","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64339914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A new nano silicagel supported by thionyl chloride as a solid acid was synthesized and used as a increasing the production yield of dye to affect the efficient diazotization of arylamines. The diazonium salts thus obtained were coupled, using standard experimental procedures, to anilines and naphthols to afford the requisite azo dyes in good yield. The diazotization and subsequent azo-coupling generated the related azo dyes at low temperature in short reaction times with a simple experimental procedure.
{"title":"A New Nano Silica Gel Supported by Thionyl Chloride as a Solid Acid for the Efficient Diazotization of Aniline Derivatives: Application and Synthesis of Azo Dyes","authors":"M. Mirjalili, F. Zahed, A. Hassanabadi","doi":"10.1155/2012/306137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/306137","url":null,"abstract":"A new nano silicagel supported by thionyl chloride as a solid acid was synthesized and used as a increasing the production yield of dye to affect the efficient diazotization of arylamines. The diazonium salts thus obtained were coupled, using standard experimental procedures, to anilines and naphthols to afford the requisite azo dyes in good yield. The diazotization and subsequent azo-coupling generated the related azo dyes at low temperature in short reaction times with a simple experimental procedure.","PeriodicalId":11519,"journal":{"name":"E-journal of Chemistry","volume":"9 1","pages":"1042-1046"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/306137","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64311783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Activated carbon obtained from orange peel (ACOP) was synthesized and used for the removal of heavy metal ions (Cr, Cd, and Co) from aqueous solutions. Two different adsorption models were used for analyzing data. Adsorption capacities were determined: copper ions exhibit the greatest adsorption on activated carbon orange peel because of its size and pH conditions. Adsorption capacity varies as a function of pH. Adsorption isotherms from aqueous solution of heavy metals on ACOP were determined. Adsorption isotherms are consistent with Langmuir's adsorption model. Adsorbent quantity and immersion enthalpy were studied.
{"title":"Heavy Metal Ions Adsorption from Wastewater Using Activated Carbon from Orange Peel","authors":"J. Moreno-Piraján, L. Giraldo","doi":"10.1155/2012/383742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/383742","url":null,"abstract":"Activated carbon obtained from orange peel (ACOP) was synthesized and used for the removal of heavy metal ions (Cr, Cd, and Co) from aqueous solutions. Two different adsorption models were used for analyzing data. Adsorption capacities were determined: copper ions exhibit the greatest adsorption on activated carbon orange peel because of its size and pH conditions. Adsorption capacity varies as a function of pH. Adsorption isotherms from aqueous solution of heavy metals on ACOP were determined. Adsorption isotherms are consistent with Langmuir's adsorption model. Adsorbent quantity and immersion enthalpy were studied.","PeriodicalId":11519,"journal":{"name":"E-journal of Chemistry","volume":"9 1","pages":"926-937"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/383742","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64317483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lanthanum chloride was found to be an effective catalyst for the facile and one-pot synthesis of polysubstituted imidazoles under solvent free condition in excellent yields. This method elucidates urea/thiourea, as an environmentally benign source of ammonia for the synthesis of polysubstituted imidazoles. The work-up procedure is very simple and the products don’t require further purification.
{"title":"Versatile Microwave-Assisted and Lanthanum Chloride Catalysed Synthesis of Polysubstituted Imidazoles Using Urea/Thiourea as Benign Source of Ammonia","authors":"M. Manafi, P. Manafi, M. Kalaee","doi":"10.1155/2012/396127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/396127","url":null,"abstract":"Lanthanum chloride was found to be an effective catalyst for the facile and one-pot synthesis of polysubstituted imidazoles under solvent free condition in excellent yields. This method elucidates urea/thiourea, as an environmentally benign source of ammonia for the synthesis of polysubstituted imidazoles. The work-up procedure is very simple and the products don’t require further purification.","PeriodicalId":11519,"journal":{"name":"E-journal of Chemistry","volume":"9 1","pages":"1773-1777"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/396127","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64319336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Expanded graphite (EG) adsorbent was prepared with 50 mesh graphite as raw materials, potassium permanganate as oxidant, and vitriol as intercalation compound. Three kinds of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with different degree of polymerization (DP) in aqueous solution were used as adsorbates. We have studied the influence of initial PVA concentration, temperature and ionic strength on adsorption capacity. Langmuir constants and Gibbs free energy change (⊿G°) were calculated according to experimental data respectively. Thermodynamic analysis indicates the equilibrium adsorbance of PVA on EG increase with the rise of SO42– concentration. Adsorption isotherms of PVA with different degree of polymerization are all types and we deduce PVA molecules lie flat on EG surface. Adsorption processes are all spontaneous. Kinetic studies show that the kinetic data can be described by pseudo second-order kinetic model. Second-order rate constants and the initial adsorption rate rise with the increasing of temperature and half-adsorption time decreases with the increasing of temperature. The adsorption activation energy of each PVA is less than 20 kJ•mol−1, physical adsorption is the major mode of the overall adsorption process.
{"title":"Adsorption Characteristics of Polyvinyl Alcohols in Solution on Expanded Graphite","authors":"X. Pang","doi":"10.1155/2012/461386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/461386","url":null,"abstract":"Expanded graphite (EG) adsorbent was prepared with 50 mesh graphite as raw materials, potassium permanganate as oxidant, and vitriol as intercalation compound. Three kinds of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with different degree of polymerization (DP) in aqueous solution were used as adsorbates. We have studied the influence of initial PVA concentration, temperature and ionic strength on adsorption capacity. Langmuir constants and Gibbs free energy change (⊿G°) were calculated according to experimental data respectively. Thermodynamic analysis indicates the equilibrium adsorbance of PVA on EG increase with the rise of SO42– concentration. Adsorption isotherms of PVA with different degree of polymerization are all types and we deduce PVA molecules lie flat on EG surface. Adsorption processes are all spontaneous. Kinetic studies show that the kinetic data can be described by pseudo second-order kinetic model. Second-order rate constants and the initial adsorption rate rise with the increasing of temperature and half-adsorption time decreases with the increasing of temperature. The adsorption activation energy of each PVA is less than 20 kJ•mol−1, physical adsorption is the major mode of the overall adsorption process.","PeriodicalId":11519,"journal":{"name":"E-journal of Chemistry","volume":"9 1","pages":"240-252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/461386","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64324234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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