Pooja Chaudhary, Rajeev Kumar Chauhan, Rajan Mishra
A prototype of an antimony (III) selenide (Sb2Se3) solar cell with different electron transport layers (ETLs) was simulated using the Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator (SCAPS) software. The impact of two individual ETLs – namely, indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) and n-type zinc oxide (n-ZnO) – was analyzed, and it was found out that n-ZnO was best for the ETL. The n-ZnO, antimony (III) selenide and Indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) layers in the newly proposed structure have respective thicknesses of 50, 300 and 20 nm. To achieve the optimum performance of this prototype, the acceptor concentration of copper (II) oxide is taken as 1018 cm−2 and the donor concentration of n-ZnO is taken as 1020 cm−2. The defect densities at antimony (III) selenide and antimony (III) selenide/n-ZnO are taken as 1013 and 1010 cm−2, respectively. They play a crucial part in device performance. With the optimized structure, a maximum power conversion efficiency of up to 31.72% (VOC = 1.148 V, JSC = 48.30 mA/cm2 and fill factor = 88.50%) is obtained with n-ZnO as the ETL. For effective results, the defect densities at both interfaces are taken as 109 cm−2, and maximum efficiency is achieved. Numerical analysis of the proposed structure and study of various parameters such as thickness variation at the absorber layer, series resistance and temperature variation, defect density, metal function and interface density variation were done.
{"title":"Performance enhancement of Sb2Se3 solar cell with IGZO and n-ZnO as electron transport layers","authors":"Pooja Chaudhary, Rajeev Kumar Chauhan, Rajan Mishra","doi":"10.1680/jemmr.23.00019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jemmr.23.00019","url":null,"abstract":"A prototype of an antimony (III) selenide (Sb<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub>) solar cell with different electron transport layers (ETLs) was simulated using the Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator (SCAPS) software. The impact of two individual ETLs – namely, indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) and n-type zinc oxide (n-ZnO) – was analyzed, and it was found out that n-ZnO was best for the ETL. The n-ZnO, antimony (III) selenide and Indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) layers in the newly proposed structure have respective thicknesses of 50, 300 and 20 nm. To achieve the optimum performance of this prototype, the acceptor concentration of copper (II) oxide is taken as 10<sup>18</sup> cm<sup>−2</sup> and the donor concentration of n-ZnO is taken as 10<sup>20</sup> cm<sup>−2</sup>. The defect densities at antimony (III) selenide and antimony (III) selenide/n-ZnO are taken as 10<sup>13</sup> and 10<sup>10</sup> cm<sup>−2</sup>, respectively. They play a crucial part in device performance. With the optimized structure, a maximum power conversion efficiency of up to 31.72% (<i>V</i> <sub>OC</sub> = 1.148 V, <i>J</i> <sub>SC</sub> = 48.30 mA/cm<sup>2</sup> and fill factor = 88.50%) is obtained with n-ZnO as the ETL. For effective results, the defect densities at both interfaces are taken as 10<sup>9</sup> cm<sup>−2</sup>, and maximum efficiency is achieved. Numerical analysis of the proposed structure and study of various parameters such as thickness variation at the absorber layer, series resistance and temperature variation, defect density, metal function and interface density variation were done.","PeriodicalId":11537,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Materials Research","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140826699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cylindrical alloys fabricated from shape memory Fe–xMn–5Si–5Ni–yCr were produced by utilizing diverse solid volume fractions through the use of the powder metallurgy and sintering technique. The shape recovery due to compressive force was analyzed and correlated with the volume fractions. A higher concentration of manganese (Mn) will result in a decrease in shape recovery as a result of the formation of oxides, precipitates and unintended intermetallics during the furnace cooling process. The dislocation occurring within and around the grain boundary is another significant factor contributing to the reduction in shape recovery. The increase in chromium (Cr) content reduces the likelihood of dislocation around the grain boundary. The effectiveness of compressive deformation was examined and correlated.
{"title":"The shape recovery behavior of compressively deformed Fe–Mn–Si–Cr–Ni alloys","authors":"A Syed Bava Bakrudeen, D Jeyasimman","doi":"10.1680/jemmr.23.00090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jemmr.23.00090","url":null,"abstract":"Cylindrical alloys fabricated from shape memory Fe–<i>x</i>Mn–5Si–5Ni–<i>y</i>Cr were produced by utilizing diverse solid volume fractions through the use of the powder metallurgy and sintering technique. The shape recovery due to compressive force was analyzed and correlated with the volume fractions. A higher concentration of manganese (Mn) will result in a decrease in shape recovery as a result of the formation of oxides, precipitates and unintended intermetallics during the furnace cooling process. The dislocation occurring within and around the grain boundary is another significant factor contributing to the reduction in shape recovery. The increase in chromium (Cr) content reduces the likelihood of dislocation around the grain boundary. The effectiveness of compressive deformation was examined and correlated.","PeriodicalId":11537,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Materials Research","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140838376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The mechanochemical effects of elasticity and plasticity are introduced into a peridynamic (PD) corrosion model. A PD equation that couples the mechanics and kinetics of electrochemistry is proposed for the first time. This clarifies the influence of the mechanical load in governing the occurrence of diffusion during corrosion. The phase changes experienced by a material are used to characterize the movement of the corrosion boundary, and the concentration of material points is used to characterize the degree and extent of damage caused to the chosen metal. Immersion tests and in situ electrochemical tests are carried out, and the results are used to explore the effects of stress and/or load on the kinetics of environment-induced damage to an aluminum alloy. The model predictions are in good agreement with the experimental observations. The results of this study demonstrate that a coupled mechano-electrochemical PD corrosion model can capture corrosion-induced damage and can be used to study damage propagation upon exposure to an aggressive environment.
{"title":"Study of a mechano-electrochemical model: a numerical and experimental approach","authors":"Shengli Lv, Yuanyang Miao, Wei Zhang, Tirumalai S Srivatsan, Xiaosheng Gao","doi":"10.1680/jemmr.22.00179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jemmr.22.00179","url":null,"abstract":"The mechanochemical effects of elasticity and plasticity are introduced into a peridynamic (PD) corrosion model. A PD equation that couples the mechanics and kinetics of electrochemistry is proposed for the first time. This clarifies the influence of the mechanical load in governing the occurrence of diffusion during corrosion. The phase changes experienced by a material are used to characterize the movement of the corrosion boundary, and the concentration of material points is used to characterize the degree and extent of damage caused to the chosen metal. Immersion tests and in situ electrochemical tests are carried out, and the results are used to explore the effects of stress and/or load on the kinetics of environment-induced damage to an aluminum alloy. The model predictions are in good agreement with the experimental observations. The results of this study demonstrate that a coupled mechano-electrochemical PD corrosion model can capture corrosion-induced damage and can be used to study damage propagation upon exposure to an aggressive environment.","PeriodicalId":11537,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Materials Research","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140838581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hao Su, Zhonghua Ma, Mingtao Ding, Ye Li, Lianfa Dang, Kuo Yang, Fangfei Li, Bing Xue
The leakage of phase-change materials presents a significant challenge that impedes their application. Loading porous materials onto phase-change materials is an effective approach to addressing this issue. In this study, porous expanded dickite as a carrier was utilized to load decanoic acid and create a composite phase-change material. The loading content of decanoic acid was varied to obtain different composite phase-change materials. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis confirmed the formation of hydrogen bonds between the expanded dickite carrier and decanoic acid. Scanning electron microscopy images and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy mapping results demonstrated that decanoic acid was evenly dispersed on the expanded dickite carrier without any agglomeration. The expanded dickite carrier effectively immobilized decanoic acid through hydrogen bonding, thereby preventing leakage, as long as the loading content of decanoic acid did not exceed 60%. The higher thermal conductivity of the expanded dickite carrier promoted the thermal conductivity of the expanded dickite/decanoic acid composite phase-change materials, enhancing the responsiveness of the composite phase-change materials to ambient temperature. The composite phase-change material containing 60 wt% decanoic acid exhibited excellent endothermic/exothermic cycle stability, and after six cycles, its latent heat remained stable.
相变材料的泄漏是阻碍其应用的一个重大挑战。在相变材料中添加多孔材料是解决这一问题的有效方法。在这项研究中，利用多孔膨胀屌石作为载体，加载癸酸，制成了一种复合相变材料。通过改变癸酸的负载量，可获得不同的复合相变材料。傅立叶变换红外光谱分析证实了膨胀屌石载体与癸酸之间形成了氢键。扫描电子显微镜图像和能量色散 X 射线光谱图结果表明，癸酸均匀地分散在膨胀屌石载体上，没有任何团聚现象。只要癸酸的负载量不超过 60%，膨胀屌石载体就能通过氢键有效固定癸酸，从而防止泄漏。膨胀屌石载体较高的热导率提高了膨胀屌石/癸酸复合相变材料的热导率，增强了复合相变材料对环境温度的响应性。含有 60 wt% 癸酸的复合相变材料表现出优异的内热/外热循环稳定性，经过六次循环后，其潜热保持稳定。
{"title":"Preparation and characterization of expanded dickite/decanoic acid phase-change materials","authors":"Hao Su, Zhonghua Ma, Mingtao Ding, Ye Li, Lianfa Dang, Kuo Yang, Fangfei Li, Bing Xue","doi":"10.1680/jemmr.22.00218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jemmr.22.00218","url":null,"abstract":"The leakage of phase-change materials presents a significant challenge that impedes their application. Loading porous materials onto phase-change materials is an effective approach to addressing this issue. In this study, porous expanded dickite as a carrier was utilized to load decanoic acid and create a composite phase-change material. The loading content of decanoic acid was varied to obtain different composite phase-change materials. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis confirmed the formation of hydrogen bonds between the expanded dickite carrier and decanoic acid. Scanning electron microscopy images and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy mapping results demonstrated that decanoic acid was evenly dispersed on the expanded dickite carrier without any agglomeration. The expanded dickite carrier effectively immobilized decanoic acid through hydrogen bonding, thereby preventing leakage, as long as the loading content of decanoic acid did not exceed 60%. The higher thermal conductivity of the expanded dickite carrier promoted the thermal conductivity of the expanded dickite/decanoic acid composite phase-change materials, enhancing the responsiveness of the composite phase-change materials to ambient temperature. The composite phase-change material containing 60 wt% decanoic acid exhibited excellent endothermic/exothermic cycle stability, and after six cycles, its latent heat remained stable.","PeriodicalId":11537,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Materials Research","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140838377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pingan Lu, Chenbo Liao, Dongjiu Zhang, Dongqing Liu, Mohamed M Ibrahim, Haifeng Cheng, Mohammed A Amin, Taishan Cao, Yingjun Deng, Wei Xie, Zeinhom M El-Bahy, Zhanhu Guo
In this study, an easy-operation developed method was adopted to generate ultralight and compressible graphene aerogels by using graphene oxide and ammonia. By changing the process parameters, such as reduction temperature, reducing agent content and ammonia concentration, the variation laws of density and pore size of aerogel were obtained, which was conducive to realizing the controllable preparation of aerogel structure. The prepared graphene aerogel has good compressive performance and its density can reach 5.26 mg/cm3. Though repeatedly compressed 200 times under the load that is 4000 times as large as its own weight, it still maintained the structural integrity and mechanical properties. An ideal model of three-dimensional graphene aerogel was constructed, and the electromagnetic wave absorption performance was simulated by computer simulation technology (CST) microwave studio. The results show that when the thickness, pore size and height of the sheet are 1.4 mm, 5 mm and 14 mm respectively, the optimal electromagnetic wave absorption effect of −31.08 dB can be obtained, and the effects of thickness, pore size and height of the sheet on the electromagnetic wave absorption performance are revealed, which provides a reference for the structural design of aerogel with both compressibility and electromagnetic wave absorption performance.
{"title":"Controllable preparation and electromagnetic wave absorption performance of compressible graphene aerogels","authors":"Pingan Lu, Chenbo Liao, Dongjiu Zhang, Dongqing Liu, Mohamed M Ibrahim, Haifeng Cheng, Mohammed A Amin, Taishan Cao, Yingjun Deng, Wei Xie, Zeinhom M El-Bahy, Zhanhu Guo","doi":"10.1680/jemmr.23.00015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jemmr.23.00015","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, an easy-operation developed method was adopted to generate ultralight and compressible graphene aerogels by using graphene oxide and ammonia. By changing the process parameters, such as reduction temperature, reducing agent content and ammonia concentration, the variation laws of density and pore size of aerogel were obtained, which was conducive to realizing the controllable preparation of aerogel structure. The prepared graphene aerogel has good compressive performance and its density can reach 5.26 mg/cm<sup>3</sup>. Though repeatedly compressed 200 times under the load that is 4000 times as large as its own weight, it still maintained the structural integrity and mechanical properties. An ideal model of three-dimensional graphene aerogel was constructed, and the electromagnetic wave absorption performance was simulated by computer simulation technology (CST) microwave studio. The results show that when the thickness, pore size and height of the sheet are 1.4 mm, 5 mm and 14 mm respectively, the optimal electromagnetic wave absorption effect of −31.08 dB can be obtained, and the effects of thickness, pore size and height of the sheet on the electromagnetic wave absorption performance are revealed, which provides a reference for the structural design of aerogel with both compressibility and electromagnetic wave absorption performance.","PeriodicalId":11537,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Materials Research","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140201253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In virtue of unique physiochemical properties, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have attracted enormous research interest for versatile applications. It is critical to study the effect of the microstructure, e.g., the shape and the size of AgNPs on their performance. Herein, AgNPs with varying shapes and sizes were synthesized by varying the manner of the reducing agent NaBH4 added (i.e., multi-step and one-step reduction methods), and then were studied for photocatalytic of dyes and electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose. The results showed that triangular, spherical, or the mixture of triangular/spherical shaped AgNPs were obtained from multi-step reduction method, whereas only spherical shaped AgNPs were yielded from the one-step reduction method. The sizes could be manipulated by changing the concentrations of the reagents or the reaction temperature. The triangular shaped and smaller-sized AgNPs were more effective for photocatalytic of dyes, and the degradation percent of methylene blue was enhanced to 95% for the Ag-TiO2 complex from 50% for pure TiO2. Moreover, the spherical shaped AgNPs with smaller size could effectively detect glucose at a very low concentration of 5 to 10 mM with an excellent glucose tolerance.
{"title":"Chemically reduced silver nanoparticles towards photocatalytic and electrocatalytic applications","authors":"Da-Qing Tan, Meng-Yao Dong, Yi-jie Xia, Xuan-Ye Wang, Hui-Ge Wei","doi":"10.1680/jemmr.23.00064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jemmr.23.00064","url":null,"abstract":"In virtue of unique physiochemical properties, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have attracted enormous research interest for versatile applications. It is critical to study the effect of the microstructure, e.g., the shape and the size of AgNPs on their performance. Herein, AgNPs with varying shapes and sizes were synthesized by varying the manner of the reducing agent NaBH4 added (i.e., multi-step and one-step reduction methods), and then were studied for photocatalytic of dyes and electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose. The results showed that triangular, spherical, or the mixture of triangular/spherical shaped AgNPs were obtained from multi-step reduction method, whereas only spherical shaped AgNPs were yielded from the one-step reduction method. The sizes could be manipulated by changing the concentrations of the reagents or the reaction temperature. The triangular shaped and smaller-sized AgNPs were more effective for photocatalytic of dyes, and the degradation percent of methylene blue was enhanced to 95% for the Ag-TiO2 complex from 50% for pure TiO2. Moreover, the spherical shaped AgNPs with smaller size could effectively detect glucose at a very low concentration of 5 to 10 mM with an excellent glucose tolerance.","PeriodicalId":11537,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Materials Research","volume":"331 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138625674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Enoch Asuako Larson, Samuel Adu-Gyamfi, Abankwa Omari Ebenezer, M. Augustine, Philip Yamba, S. T. Azeko, Denis E K Dzebre
The set objective in this current study is to understand the effects of laser shock processing of variant laser pulse energies on residual compressive stress, microhardness, fatigue fracture, and fatigue life on the application of aircraft lug material. The effect of three variant laser pulse energies 3, 4, and 5.7 J were employed to examine alongside the laser processing parameters. A Q-switch (Nd-YAG) laser system was used in this experiment with wavelength, pulse width, spot diameter, and overlapping ratios of 1046 nm, 10 nm, 3 mm, and 50 %, respectively. After LSP, the superficial layer stress state shows varied results from tensile to residual stress of 50 MPa, to −225 MPa, −260 MPa, and −301 MPa, after 3 J, 4 J, and 5.7 J, respectively. The microhardness for the as-received specimen was 137 HV. However, after LSP it increased to 198 HV, 210 HV, and 223 HV, respectively. The fatigue life performance also experienced a significant increase up to 53,371 (2 x 105 cycles).
{"title":"Influencing effects of variant laser pulse energy on fatigue behavior induced via LSP","authors":"Enoch Asuako Larson, Samuel Adu-Gyamfi, Abankwa Omari Ebenezer, M. Augustine, Philip Yamba, S. T. Azeko, Denis E K Dzebre","doi":"10.1680/jemmr.22.00217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jemmr.22.00217","url":null,"abstract":"The set objective in this current study is to understand the effects of laser shock processing of variant laser pulse energies on residual compressive stress, microhardness, fatigue fracture, and fatigue life on the application of aircraft lug material. The effect of three variant laser pulse energies 3, 4, and 5.7 J were employed to examine alongside the laser processing parameters. A Q-switch (Nd-YAG) laser system was used in this experiment with wavelength, pulse width, spot diameter, and overlapping ratios of 1046 nm, 10 nm, 3 mm, and 50 %, respectively. After LSP, the superficial layer stress state shows varied results from tensile to residual stress of 50 MPa, to −225 MPa, −260 MPa, and −301 MPa, after 3 J, 4 J, and 5.7 J, respectively. The microhardness for the as-received specimen was 137 HV. However, after LSP it increased to 198 HV, 210 HV, and 223 HV, respectively. The fatigue life performance also experienced a significant increase up to 53,371 (2 x 105 cycles).","PeriodicalId":11537,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Materials Research","volume":"8 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138627453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Given the substantial increase in railway load, speed, and traffic, there is a notable demand for materials with high durability, long life, and good damping. Such materials can be realized through composite materials that contain recycled high-density polyethylene, polypropylene, mica, glass fiber, and compatibilizer. In this study, the extruded pellets, which contain the aforementioned materials and are produced via a twin-screw extruder, were utilized to assess their mechanical performances and microstructures. Composite materials containing 62.5% glass fiber and 20% polypropylene (PP) demonstrated remarkable performance for manufacturing sleepers. The addition of 62.5% glass fiber in composite materials containing PP enhanced the flexural strength, flexural modulus, tensile strength, compressive strength, and hardness by 315%, 623%, 296%, and 40%, respectively, as compared to the original composite materials containing PP without glass fiber. Furthermore, the incorporation of glass fiber and the subsequent improvements met the requirements stipulated by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China and ISO standards. This favorable result can be attributed to the good compatibility between the matrix and the glass fiber, as noted from the uniform distribution of glass fiber in the resin matrix in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. The findings of this study highlight the potential of utilizing recycled materials in rail track manufacturing applications.
{"title":"Development of composite materials using recycled high-density polyethylene plastic for railway sleepers","authors":"Dingyi Zhang, Cheng Gao, Xiangyang Hao, Guoqing Jing, Xianmei Zhang, Yueyang Wu, Xinjie Li","doi":"10.1680/jemmr.23.00050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jemmr.23.00050","url":null,"abstract":"Given the substantial increase in railway load, speed, and traffic, there is a notable demand for materials with high durability, long life, and good damping. Such materials can be realized through composite materials that contain recycled high-density polyethylene, polypropylene, mica, glass fiber, and compatibilizer. In this study, the extruded pellets, which contain the aforementioned materials and are produced via a twin-screw extruder, were utilized to assess their mechanical performances and microstructures. Composite materials containing 62.5% glass fiber and 20% polypropylene (PP) demonstrated remarkable performance for manufacturing sleepers. The addition of 62.5% glass fiber in composite materials containing PP enhanced the flexural strength, flexural modulus, tensile strength, compressive strength, and hardness by 315%, 623%, 296%, and 40%, respectively, as compared to the original composite materials containing PP without glass fiber. Furthermore, the incorporation of glass fiber and the subsequent improvements met the requirements stipulated by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China and ISO standards. This favorable result can be attributed to the good compatibility between the matrix and the glass fiber, as noted from the uniform distribution of glass fiber in the resin matrix in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. The findings of this study highlight the potential of utilizing recycled materials in rail track manufacturing applications.","PeriodicalId":11537,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Materials Research","volume":"36 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138626642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sarah. H. Abead, Khaldoon N. Abbas, Mahasin F. Hadi Al-kadhemy
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) blend films with equal amounts (0.25 g) of both polymers were prepared via a simple and low-cost comparative casting method. Then, the PVA/CMC blend films were exposed to UV-irradiation for varied time intervals (1, 12, 26, 32, 40, and 48 h). The UV-irradiations effect on the physical properties of as-prepared films including the structure, morphology, composite and optical properties (transmittance, absorbance, and band-gap (Eg)) was examined. FESEM images display that UV-irradiation has a strong effect on the shape of PVA/CMC blend films. The XRD patterns show various crystalline qualities in the microstructure of as-synthesis samples. The FTIR spectra demonstrate that UV-irradiation time and CMC film had a positive impact on the blend polymer structure since covalent connections were formed between CMC and PVA. Furthermore, the analysis results of optical inspections show the absorbance of the PVA/CMC films was improved with an increment of irradiation times from (1 to 40 h). An important tunning of Eg values of blend films was realized. It shows a slightly increased from (4.64 eV to 4.84 eV) with increasing irradiation time from (1 to 40 h). The Eg value (3.21 eV), however, displayed an inverted behaviour due to an increased irradiation time of 48 h, this reduction can be ascribed to the creation of defects inside the blend band gap. Finally, the physical properties modification of PVA/CMC blend films using UV-Irradiation makes it an amazing contender in the optoelectronic area.
{"title":"The structural and optical properties of PVA/CMC copolymer cured by UV-irradiation at different times","authors":"Sarah. H. Abead, Khaldoon N. Abbas, Mahasin F. Hadi Al-kadhemy","doi":"10.1680/jemmr.22.00150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jemmr.22.00150","url":null,"abstract":"Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) blend films with equal amounts (0.25 g) of both polymers were prepared via a simple and low-cost comparative casting method. Then, the PVA/CMC blend films were exposed to UV-irradiation for varied time intervals (1, 12, 26, 32, 40, and 48 h). The UV-irradiations effect on the physical properties of as-prepared films including the structure, morphology, composite and optical properties (transmittance, absorbance, and band-gap (Eg)) was examined. FESEM images display that UV-irradiation has a strong effect on the shape of PVA/CMC blend films. The XRD patterns show various crystalline qualities in the microstructure of as-synthesis samples. The FTIR spectra demonstrate that UV-irradiation time and CMC film had a positive impact on the blend polymer structure since covalent connections were formed between CMC and PVA. Furthermore, the analysis results of optical inspections show the absorbance of the PVA/CMC films was improved with an increment of irradiation times from (1 to 40 h). An important tunning of Eg values of blend films was realized. It shows a slightly increased from (4.64 eV to 4.84 eV) with increasing irradiation time from (1 to 40 h). The Eg value (3.21 eV), however, displayed an inverted behaviour due to an increased irradiation time of 48 h, this reduction can be ascribed to the creation of defects inside the blend band gap. Finally, the physical properties modification of PVA/CMC blend films using UV-Irradiation makes it an amazing contender in the optoelectronic area.","PeriodicalId":11537,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Materials Research","volume":"121 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138609214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Present experimental study aims to scrutinize the effect of different process parameters on material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (SR) of titanium grade 12 alloy during wire electro discharge machining (WEDM) using response surface methodology (RSM). Four parameters (pulse on time, pulse off time, wire feed, and gap voltage) and three levels of each selected variables are considered to conduct the experimental work. Depending on experimental results, mathematical model is generated for both MRR and SR. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) study is performed to find significant process parameters. ANOVA results yield that developed models for both MRR and SR are significant and pulse-on time is found to be the most significant parameter. Additionally, help of desirability approach is also taken to scrutinize single-objective and multi-objective criterion of response variables. Desirability function for all the cases are found to be 1. Maximum material removal rate is observed as 12.4845 mm3/sec while minimum value of surface roughness is found as 1.4911 μm. For multi-objective optimization, maximum value of MRR and minimum value of surface roughness are obtained as 12.0942 mm3/min and 1.7167 μm respectively. Finally, surface morphology of machined surfaces is examined using SEM micrographs.
{"title":"Parametric study of WEDM on titanium grade 12 using response surface methodology and desirability approach","authors":"Debal Pramanik, B. Panja, Sudip Banerjee","doi":"10.1680/jemmr.22.00192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jemmr.22.00192","url":null,"abstract":"Present experimental study aims to scrutinize the effect of different process parameters on material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (SR) of titanium grade 12 alloy during wire electro discharge machining (WEDM) using response surface methodology (RSM). Four parameters (pulse on time, pulse off time, wire feed, and gap voltage) and three levels of each selected variables are considered to conduct the experimental work. Depending on experimental results, mathematical model is generated for both MRR and SR. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) study is performed to find significant process parameters. ANOVA results yield that developed models for both MRR and SR are significant and pulse-on time is found to be the most significant parameter. Additionally, help of desirability approach is also taken to scrutinize single-objective and multi-objective criterion of response variables. Desirability function for all the cases are found to be 1. Maximum material removal rate is observed as 12.4845 mm3/sec while minimum value of surface roughness is found as 1.4911 μm. For multi-objective optimization, maximum value of MRR and minimum value of surface roughness are obtained as 12.0942 mm3/min and 1.7167 μm respectively. Finally, surface morphology of machined surfaces is examined using SEM micrographs.","PeriodicalId":11537,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Materials Research","volume":" 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138615883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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