Magnesium-rich water or food is highly beneficial to human health. Shallots are used in cooking, have simple growth conditions; and have a short growth cycle. In this study, natural serpentinite was ground into powder (particle size: 50-200 nm), heated at high temperatures (400°C and 800°C), and then dissolved in water of different temperatures (25°C, 60°C, and 100°C) to prepare natural magnesium-containing water. Experimental results indicated that natural serpentine minerals contain magnesium silicate, which has ionic properties and high electrical conductivity. The dissolution of magnesium ions increased with the temperature of the distilled water. The heat treatment powder had a higher crystallinity; however, the dissolution of magnesium was lower for the solution containing the powder heated to 800°C than for the solution containing the powder heated to 400°C. The 400°C powder exhibited favorable crystallinity and a low level of impurities, and its interlayer spacing did not change. The shallots grown with natural magnesium-containing water (magnesium shallots) had a high concentration of magnesium ions in their white and green parts. Such shallots can be provided by food platforms, and eating such shallots can help one meet the daily magnesium intake requirement of 300 mg/L for humans.
{"title":"Growth characteristics of shallots and absorption of Mg ions dissolved from serpentinites","authors":"F. Hung","doi":"10.1680/jemmr.22.00101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jemmr.22.00101","url":null,"abstract":"Magnesium-rich water or food is highly beneficial to human health. Shallots are used in cooking, have simple growth conditions; and have a short growth cycle. In this study, natural serpentinite was ground into powder (particle size: 50-200 nm), heated at high temperatures (400°C and 800°C), and then dissolved in water of different temperatures (25°C, 60°C, and 100°C) to prepare natural magnesium-containing water. Experimental results indicated that natural serpentine minerals contain magnesium silicate, which has ionic properties and high electrical conductivity. The dissolution of magnesium ions increased with the temperature of the distilled water. The heat treatment powder had a higher crystallinity; however, the dissolution of magnesium was lower for the solution containing the powder heated to 800°C than for the solution containing the powder heated to 400°C. The 400°C powder exhibited favorable crystallinity and a low level of impurities, and its interlayer spacing did not change. The shallots grown with natural magnesium-containing water (magnesium shallots) had a high concentration of magnesium ions in their white and green parts. Such shallots can be provided by food platforms, and eating such shallots can help one meet the daily magnesium intake requirement of 300 mg/L for humans.","PeriodicalId":11537,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Materials Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41824068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fei Li, Yuqin Ma, Wei Xu, Wen Zhu, G. Wang, Yi Xu, Haiyin Guo, Yatao Li
Carbon/carbon (C/C) composites are created through chemical vapor infiltration and precursor infiltration and pyrolysis. The bending, compressive, and friction properties of C/C composites and graphite materials are compared and studied. The influence of fiber volume fraction on the mechanical properties of the specimen is investigated. The results reveal that increasing the volume fraction of Z-direction fiber improves the mechanical characteristics of the composites significantly. The bending strength of C/C composites is 66.27%-123.18% higher than that of graphite materials, while the compressive strength in Z-direction is 13%-31% greater than that of graphite. Wear is about 33% lower than in graphite materials. The C/C composites have a more continuous infiltration structure, which promotes the smooth transfer of stress in the composites and enhances their mechanical bearing capacity of the composites. In addition, when C/C composites are subjected to friction and wear, the fiber bundles are difficult to come off due to the close surrounding of the matrix, resulting in less wear.
{"title":"Study on mechanical and tribological properties of C/C composites by CVI and PIP","authors":"Fei Li, Yuqin Ma, Wei Xu, Wen Zhu, G. Wang, Yi Xu, Haiyin Guo, Yatao Li","doi":"10.1680/jemmr.22.00089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jemmr.22.00089","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon/carbon (C/C) composites are created through chemical vapor infiltration and precursor infiltration and pyrolysis. The bending, compressive, and friction properties of C/C composites and graphite materials are compared and studied. The influence of fiber volume fraction on the mechanical properties of the specimen is investigated. The results reveal that increasing the volume fraction of Z-direction fiber improves the mechanical characteristics of the composites significantly. The bending strength of C/C composites is 66.27%-123.18% higher than that of graphite materials, while the compressive strength in Z-direction is 13%-31% greater than that of graphite. Wear is about 33% lower than in graphite materials. The C/C composites have a more continuous infiltration structure, which promotes the smooth transfer of stress in the composites and enhances their mechanical bearing capacity of the composites. In addition, when C/C composites are subjected to friction and wear, the fiber bundles are difficult to come off due to the close surrounding of the matrix, resulting in less wear.","PeriodicalId":11537,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Materials Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44234741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Spartium junceum L., a Fabaceae plant, is commonly known as Spanish broom and cultivated in the Mediterranean regions. This study aims to investigate the chemical profile, antioxidant and different enzyme inhibitory activities of methanol, ethanol and aqueous extracts obtained from flowers and stems of S. junceum. Also, the phenolic composition was analyzed by HPLC-DAD. Aqueous extract of stems showed the highest (63.94 mg GAE/g) phenolic content, while aqueous extract of stems contained the highest (61.33 mg QE/g) flavonoid content. The stem water extract demonstrated highest DPPH radical scavenging (IC50: 2327 µg/mL) activity, while stem water extract exhibited strong ABTS radical scavenging activity (IC50: 91.80 ± 0.90 µg/mL). The tested extracts differ greatly in terms of enzyme inhibition activity. The stem water extract showed highest Anti-acetylcholinesterase activity (IC50: 46.69 ± 1.66 µg/mL), however stem methanol extract exhibited strong anti-butyrylcholinesterase activity (IC50: 76.39 ± 0.27 µg/mL). The flower methanol extract was most active against α-glucosidase (IC50: 296.7 ± 3.77 µg/mL) enzyme. All extracts showed the least activity against α-amylase and tyrosinase enzymes. When the biological activity results are evaluated, it provides the evidence for the bioactivity-guided isolation studies on the active extracts of this plant.
{"title":"Antioxidant and enzyme inhibition activities of Spartium junceum with HPLC-DAD profiling","authors":"Nuraniye Eruygur, F. Ayaz, H. Ayyildiz, Y. Bağcı","doi":"10.1680/jemmr.22.00016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jemmr.22.00016","url":null,"abstract":"Spartium junceum L., a Fabaceae plant, is commonly known as Spanish broom and cultivated in the Mediterranean regions. This study aims to investigate the chemical profile, antioxidant and different enzyme inhibitory activities of methanol, ethanol and aqueous extracts obtained from flowers and stems of S. junceum. Also, the phenolic composition was analyzed by HPLC-DAD. Aqueous extract of stems showed the highest (63.94 mg GAE/g) phenolic content, while aqueous extract of stems contained the highest (61.33 mg QE/g) flavonoid content. The stem water extract demonstrated highest DPPH radical scavenging (IC50: 2327 µg/mL) activity, while stem water extract exhibited strong ABTS radical scavenging activity (IC50: 91.80 ± 0.90 µg/mL). The tested extracts differ greatly in terms of enzyme inhibition activity. The stem water extract showed highest Anti-acetylcholinesterase activity (IC50: 46.69 ± 1.66 µg/mL), however stem methanol extract exhibited strong anti-butyrylcholinesterase activity (IC50: 76.39 ± 0.27 µg/mL). The flower methanol extract was most active against α-glucosidase (IC50: 296.7 ± 3.77 µg/mL) enzyme. All extracts showed the least activity against α-amylase and tyrosinase enzymes. When the biological activity results are evaluated, it provides the evidence for the bioactivity-guided isolation studies on the active extracts of this plant.","PeriodicalId":11537,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Materials Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42334736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper focuses on fabricating ZnO-based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) utilizing three types of dyes derived from Rhus, Linaria and Punica flowers. The ZnO thin films were prepared on tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) coated glass substrates at 70 °C according to successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method. Organic sensitizers were extracted from Rhus, Linaria and Punica flowers using ethanol solvent. The fabricated solar cells were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), UV-vis spectroscopy and fourier transformation infrared (FTIR) techniques. The maximum photovoltaic values were obtained from ZnO/Linaria-based DSSC which exhibits current density (J sc ) of 0.328 mA/cm−2, open-circuit voltage (V oc ) of 1 V, fill factor (FF) of 64% and energy conversion efficiency (η) of 0.210% having the minimum thickness of 1.381 μm among all the DSSCs studied in this work, though. Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) analysis indicated that the weight contribution of oxygen for Linaria DSSC is 53.30%, and this value is higher than Rhus and Punica DSSCs. The results suggest that Linaria dye-sensitizer can be a good candidate for minimizing the thickness of the photoelectrode films and improving the performance of DSSCs.
{"title":"The preparation of ZnO-based dye-sensitized solar cells using Rhus, Linaria and Punica","authors":"N. Balpınar","doi":"10.1680/jemmr.22.00073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jemmr.22.00073","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on fabricating ZnO-based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) utilizing three types of dyes derived from Rhus, Linaria and Punica flowers. The ZnO thin films were prepared on tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) coated glass substrates at 70 °C according to successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method. Organic sensitizers were extracted from Rhus, Linaria and Punica flowers using ethanol solvent. The fabricated solar cells were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), UV-vis spectroscopy and fourier transformation infrared (FTIR) techniques. The maximum photovoltaic values were obtained from ZnO/Linaria-based DSSC which exhibits current density (J sc ) of 0.328 mA/cm−2, open-circuit voltage (V oc ) of 1 V, fill factor (FF) of 64% and energy conversion efficiency (η) of 0.210% having the minimum thickness of 1.381 μm among all the DSSCs studied in this work, though. Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) analysis indicated that the weight contribution of oxygen for Linaria DSSC is 53.30%, and this value is higher than Rhus and Punica DSSCs. The results suggest that Linaria dye-sensitizer can be a good candidate for minimizing the thickness of the photoelectrode films and improving the performance of DSSCs.","PeriodicalId":11537,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Materials Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45686348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CZTS (Copper zinc Tin Sulphide) has commanded the next-generation solar-cell material because of its superior performance, lower cost, and abundant availability on the earth. This study examined the impact of different dopants in the buffer layer on the solar cells’ electrical characteristics. For the n-ITO/CdS (Ag-CdS, Cu-CdS, and Cl-CdS)/CZTS/ Mo proposed device structure of the solar cell, the doping concentration and thickness of the buffer and absorber layers were examined. Ag-CdS buffer layer was shown to be one of the best options for manufacturing a buffer layer for a CZTS-based solar cell in this study. The doping concentration and thickness of the solar cell have been optimized in this work. This work gives more than 21 % efficiency by using Ag-CdS as a dopant in the CdS buffer layer. The numerical modelling of the proposed structure reveals a unique method for improving the efficiency of the CZTS solar cell. The findings of this study are expected to utilize in the interest of the many researchers working in this field.
CZTS (Copper zinc Tin sulfide，铜锌锡硫化物)由于其优越的性能、较低的成本和在地球上广泛的可用性而成为下一代太阳能电池材料。本研究考察了缓冲层中不同掺杂物对太阳能电池电学特性的影响。对于n-ITO/CdS (Ag-CdS、Cu-CdS和Cl-CdS)/CZTS/ Mo提出的太阳能电池器件结构，考察了缓冲层和吸收层的掺杂浓度和厚度。Ag-CdS缓冲层是制备czts基太阳能电池缓冲层的最佳选择之一。本文对太阳能电池的掺杂浓度和厚度进行了优化。通过在CdS缓冲层中使用Ag-CdS作为掺杂剂，该工作的效率超过21%。该结构的数值模拟揭示了一种提高CZTS太阳能电池效率的独特方法。这项研究的结果有望在这个领域工作的许多研究人员的兴趣中加以利用。
{"title":"Influence of dopants in buffer layer on CZTS solar cell performance","authors":"P. K. Dakua, D. Panda","doi":"10.1680/jemmr.22.00032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jemmr.22.00032","url":null,"abstract":"CZTS (Copper zinc Tin Sulphide) has commanded the next-generation solar-cell material because of its superior performance, lower cost, and abundant availability on the earth. This study examined the impact of different dopants in the buffer layer on the solar cells’ electrical characteristics. For the n-ITO/CdS (Ag-CdS, Cu-CdS, and Cl-CdS)/CZTS/ Mo proposed device structure of the solar cell, the doping concentration and thickness of the buffer and absorber layers were examined. Ag-CdS buffer layer was shown to be one of the best options for manufacturing a buffer layer for a CZTS-based solar cell in this study. The doping concentration and thickness of the solar cell have been optimized in this work. This work gives more than 21 % efficiency by using Ag-CdS as a dopant in the CdS buffer layer. The numerical modelling of the proposed structure reveals a unique method for improving the efficiency of the CZTS solar cell. The findings of this study are expected to utilize in the interest of the many researchers working in this field.","PeriodicalId":11537,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Materials Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46847886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this research, the benefit of nano-TiO2 concrete over pure concrete in resisting the impacts of chloride diffusion was investigated. An increasing accelerative effect the chloride diffusion was experimentally discovered, which coincided with the movement in the exposed concrete surface caused by diffusion and the damage in concrete microstructure caused by chloride salt accumulation. The “time lag” and “equivalent time” between diffusion and migration tests were used to calculate the steady and non-steady-state chloride diffusion coefficients. Concrete containing 2% nano-TiO2 in the weight of cement demonstrated improved impermeability when compared to pure concrete, owing to improvements in microstructure and porosity. In comparison to pure concrete, the concrete containing nano-TiO2 had a superior performance in resisting the effects of chloride diffusion. Because of its superfine particle size distribution and “filler” effect, nano-TiO2 appeared to assure decreased chloride diffusion in the investigated mixes, test findings revealed that adding supplemental cementitious elements to mortar enhanced its resistance to chloride penetration.
{"title":"Influence of nano-TiO2 on the chloride diffusivity of concrete","authors":"Garima Rawat, S. Gandhi, Y. Murthy","doi":"10.1680/jemmr.22.00056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jemmr.22.00056","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, the benefit of nano-TiO2 concrete over pure concrete in resisting the impacts of chloride diffusion was investigated. An increasing accelerative effect the chloride diffusion was experimentally discovered, which coincided with the movement in the exposed concrete surface caused by diffusion and the damage in concrete microstructure caused by chloride salt accumulation. The “time lag” and “equivalent time” between diffusion and migration tests were used to calculate the steady and non-steady-state chloride diffusion coefficients. Concrete containing 2% nano-TiO2 in the weight of cement demonstrated improved impermeability when compared to pure concrete, owing to improvements in microstructure and porosity. In comparison to pure concrete, the concrete containing nano-TiO2 had a superior performance in resisting the effects of chloride diffusion. Because of its superfine particle size distribution and “filler” effect, nano-TiO2 appeared to assure decreased chloride diffusion in the investigated mixes, test findings revealed that adding supplemental cementitious elements to mortar enhanced its resistance to chloride penetration.","PeriodicalId":11537,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Materials Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46622347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Umar, S. Ruby, S. Inbanathan, D. Rani Rosaline, Rajesh Kumar, Hasan Algadi, A. Ibrahim, P. Show, S. Baskoutas
Herein, a microwave-assisted approach for the synthesis of Mn2+ doped bismuth ferrite (BMFO) nanoparticles is presented. Various techniques were used to examine the structure, morphology, and electrical characteristics of the as-synthesized BMFO nanoparticles. XRD and Raman analysis revealed a rhombohedral distorted perovskite structure having space group R3c. The crystallite size of BMFO was found to be 18.77 nm. SEM studies of the BFMO nanoparticles showed the highly agglomerated nature of the particles. The ultraviolet-diffuse reflectance spectrum of the BMFO revealed a bang gap of 1.56 eV which was smaller than the bandgap of pure BFO (2.41 eV). Methyl orange (ᯰMO) dye degradation behavior of the synthesized BMFO was examined for the dye sample solution in the presence of solar radiation. After 120 min of irradiation resulted in 81.08% photodegradation of MO dye. Kinetic studies demonstrated a pseudo-first-order rate mechanism for the photodegradation of the MO dye. The corresponding coefficient of determinant R2 and t1/2 were 0.92864 and 63.0 min, respectively. Finally, a methodology for the degradation of MO dye using BMFO was proposed.
{"title":"Photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange based on manganese substituted bismuth ferrite nanoparticles","authors":"A. Umar, S. Ruby, S. Inbanathan, D. Rani Rosaline, Rajesh Kumar, Hasan Algadi, A. Ibrahim, P. Show, S. Baskoutas","doi":"10.1680/jemmr.22.00037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jemmr.22.00037","url":null,"abstract":"Herein, a microwave-assisted approach for the synthesis of Mn2+ doped bismuth ferrite (BMFO) nanoparticles is presented. Various techniques were used to examine the structure, morphology, and electrical characteristics of the as-synthesized BMFO nanoparticles. XRD and Raman analysis revealed a rhombohedral distorted perovskite structure having space group R3c. The crystallite size of BMFO was found to be 18.77 nm. SEM studies of the BFMO nanoparticles showed the highly agglomerated nature of the particles. The ultraviolet-diffuse reflectance spectrum of the BMFO revealed a bang gap of 1.56 eV which was smaller than the bandgap of pure BFO (2.41 eV). Methyl orange (ᯰMO) dye degradation behavior of the synthesized BMFO was examined for the dye sample solution in the presence of solar radiation. After 120 min of irradiation resulted in 81.08% photodegradation of MO dye. Kinetic studies demonstrated a pseudo-first-order rate mechanism for the photodegradation of the MO dye. The corresponding coefficient of determinant R2 and t1/2 were 0.92864 and 63.0 min, respectively. Finally, a methodology for the degradation of MO dye using BMFO was proposed.","PeriodicalId":11537,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Materials Research","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67478001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Haridas, Maya Verma, Smita Korpal, A. Arora, S. Mahajan, Amit Tanwar, R. Menon
In the present work systematic studies on optical properties of six SnO2 thin films of varying thickness have been done which are correlated for a deeper understanding of gas sensing phenomenon. The lowest value of refractive index and packing density for 90 nm SnO2 film substantiate the presence of voids and defects in the film. Further, dispersion in refractive index of SnO2 thin films was analyzed in the light of single oscillator model (SOM). A good agreement between the experimental refractive index data with single oscillator model was observed. The value of Eo, Ed and So is found to be the lowest for 90 nm thin SnO2 film which further confirms the presence of large concentration of voids and lower density. The outcome of the present study proposes the potential use of 90 nm thin SnO2 film as the base material which can be used for efficient detection of LPG gas.
{"title":"Study of optical properties of SnO2 thin films and its influence on gas sensing response","authors":"D. Haridas, Maya Verma, Smita Korpal, A. Arora, S. Mahajan, Amit Tanwar, R. Menon","doi":"10.1680/jemmr.22.00085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jemmr.22.00085","url":null,"abstract":"In the present work systematic studies on optical properties of six SnO2 thin films of varying thickness have been done which are correlated for a deeper understanding of gas sensing phenomenon. The lowest value of refractive index and packing density for 90 nm SnO2 film substantiate the presence of voids and defects in the film. Further, dispersion in refractive index of SnO2 thin films was analyzed in the light of single oscillator model (SOM). A good agreement between the experimental refractive index data with single oscillator model was observed. The value of Eo, Ed and So is found to be the lowest for 90 nm thin SnO2 film which further confirms the presence of large concentration of voids and lower density. The outcome of the present study proposes the potential use of 90 nm thin SnO2 film as the base material which can be used for efficient detection of LPG gas.","PeriodicalId":11537,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Materials Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46627387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The influence mechanism of lignite thermal upgrading on moisture re-adsorption was investigated using analytical instruments as DTA-TG, FTIR, SEM. The results showed that the moisture content of lignite decreased from 44.78% to 25.07% through the drying process. After the moisture in the lignite and the air reached a dynamic equilibrium, the moisture content of the lignite was 25.75 wt.%. The characteristic functional groups of lignite include hydroxyl, methylene, methyl, carbonyl, carboxyl and ether oxygen. The adsorption distances of the five adsorption sites of carboxyl, phenolic hydroxyl, alcoholic hydroxyl, carbonyl and ether bond to water molecules were 2.081 Å, 2.933 Å, 1.905 Å, 1.860 Å and 1.881 Å, respectively. The order of the adsorption strength of water molecules on the characteristic functional groups was: Carbonyl>Phenolic hydroxyl>Ether oxygen >Alcoholic hydroxyl>Carboxyl. During the upgrading by drying process, the characteristic functional groups that were prone to hydrogen bonds of water molecules partially decomposed. The reduction of pores and the partial decomposition of hydrophilic functional groups after upgrading in the lignite structure made the adsorption capacity of lignite to water molecules weakened. Therefore, the re-absorption of water molecules by lignite was reduced.
{"title":"The influence mechanism of lignite thermal upgrading on moisture re-adsorption","authors":"Lei Fan, Chuanzhi Hu, Huimin Gong, Qinghai Ren, Xingshuai Fan, Xin Cheng","doi":"10.1680/jemmr.22.00001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jemmr.22.00001","url":null,"abstract":"The influence mechanism of lignite thermal upgrading on moisture re-adsorption was investigated using analytical instruments as DTA-TG, FTIR, SEM. The results showed that the moisture content of lignite decreased from 44.78% to 25.07% through the drying process. After the moisture in the lignite and the air reached a dynamic equilibrium, the moisture content of the lignite was 25.75 wt.%. The characteristic functional groups of lignite include hydroxyl, methylene, methyl, carbonyl, carboxyl and ether oxygen. The adsorption distances of the five adsorption sites of carboxyl, phenolic hydroxyl, alcoholic hydroxyl, carbonyl and ether bond to water molecules were 2.081 Å, 2.933 Å, 1.905 Å, 1.860 Å and 1.881 Å, respectively. The order of the adsorption strength of water molecules on the characteristic functional groups was: Carbonyl>Phenolic hydroxyl>Ether oxygen >Alcoholic hydroxyl>Carboxyl. During the upgrading by drying process, the characteristic functional groups that were prone to hydrogen bonds of water molecules partially decomposed. The reduction of pores and the partial decomposition of hydrophilic functional groups after upgrading in the lignite structure made the adsorption capacity of lignite to water molecules weakened. Therefore, the re-absorption of water molecules by lignite was reduced.","PeriodicalId":11537,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Materials Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43251453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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