The influence mechanism of lignite thermal upgrading on moisture re-adsorption was investigated using analytical instruments as DTA-TG, FTIR, SEM. The results showed that the moisture content of lignite decreased from 44.78% to 25.07% through the drying process. After the moisture in the lignite and the air reached a dynamic equilibrium, the moisture content of the lignite was 25.75 wt.%. The characteristic functional groups of lignite include hydroxyl, methylene, methyl, carbonyl, carboxyl and ether oxygen. The adsorption distances of the five adsorption sites of carboxyl, phenolic hydroxyl, alcoholic hydroxyl, carbonyl and ether bond to water molecules were 2.081 Å, 2.933 Å, 1.905 Å, 1.860 Å and 1.881 Å, respectively. The order of the adsorption strength of water molecules on the characteristic functional groups was: Carbonyl>Phenolic hydroxyl>Ether oxygen >Alcoholic hydroxyl>Carboxyl. During the upgrading by drying process, the characteristic functional groups that were prone to hydrogen bonds of water molecules partially decomposed. The reduction of pores and the partial decomposition of hydrophilic functional groups after upgrading in the lignite structure made the adsorption capacity of lignite to water molecules weakened. Therefore, the re-absorption of water molecules by lignite was reduced.
{"title":"The influence mechanism of lignite thermal upgrading on moisture re-adsorption","authors":"Lei Fan, Chuanzhi Hu, Huimin Gong, Qinghai Ren, Xingshuai Fan, Xin Cheng","doi":"10.1680/jemmr.22.00001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jemmr.22.00001","url":null,"abstract":"The influence mechanism of lignite thermal upgrading on moisture re-adsorption was investigated using analytical instruments as DTA-TG, FTIR, SEM. The results showed that the moisture content of lignite decreased from 44.78% to 25.07% through the drying process. After the moisture in the lignite and the air reached a dynamic equilibrium, the moisture content of the lignite was 25.75 wt.%. The characteristic functional groups of lignite include hydroxyl, methylene, methyl, carbonyl, carboxyl and ether oxygen. The adsorption distances of the five adsorption sites of carboxyl, phenolic hydroxyl, alcoholic hydroxyl, carbonyl and ether bond to water molecules were 2.081 Å, 2.933 Å, 1.905 Å, 1.860 Å and 1.881 Å, respectively. The order of the adsorption strength of water molecules on the characteristic functional groups was: Carbonyl>Phenolic hydroxyl>Ether oxygen >Alcoholic hydroxyl>Carboxyl. During the upgrading by drying process, the characteristic functional groups that were prone to hydrogen bonds of water molecules partially decomposed. The reduction of pores and the partial decomposition of hydrophilic functional groups after upgrading in the lignite structure made the adsorption capacity of lignite to water molecules weakened. Therefore, the re-absorption of water molecules by lignite was reduced.","PeriodicalId":11537,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Materials Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43251453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The increase in consumer needs and the scarcity of production resources cause the concept of "productivity" to be essential for companies. Reducing costs is an essential factor for increasing competitiveness, and therefore businesses are taking action to reduce scrap costs and increase efficiency. Since the increase in scrap will reduce productivity, it may cause production delays and thus customer dissatisfaction. In this study, the slitting line of one of the essential Japanese supplier companies operating in the automotive sector in Turkey is discussed. The proposed model aims to predict the amount of production and scrap that may occur to increase productivity in the slitting line by using ANN and increasing the slitting line’s efficiency with the measures to be taken. In this context, different ANN designs were made for production and scrap. During the execution of the ANN models, the production and scrap amount was forecasted at 99% and 85%. While measuring the successful performance of the ANN models, RMSE, MAPE, and R2 indicators were used, the forecasted values produced by the ANNs that were successful in terms of performance indicators were compared with the actual values, and the reliability of the study was increased.
{"title":"Forecasting of production and scrap amount using artificial neural networks","authors":"T. Polat","doi":"10.1680/jemmr.22.00036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jemmr.22.00036","url":null,"abstract":"The increase in consumer needs and the scarcity of production resources cause the concept of \"productivity\" to be essential for companies. Reducing costs is an essential factor for increasing competitiveness, and therefore businesses are taking action to reduce scrap costs and increase efficiency. Since the increase in scrap will reduce productivity, it may cause production delays and thus customer dissatisfaction. In this study, the slitting line of one of the essential Japanese supplier companies operating in the automotive sector in Turkey is discussed. The proposed model aims to predict the amount of production and scrap that may occur to increase productivity in the slitting line by using ANN and increasing the slitting line’s efficiency with the measures to be taken. In this context, different ANN designs were made for production and scrap. During the execution of the ANN models, the production and scrap amount was forecasted at 99% and 85%. While measuring the successful performance of the ANN models, RMSE, MAPE, and R2 indicators were used, the forecasted values produced by the ANNs that were successful in terms of performance indicators were compared with the actual values, and the reliability of the study was increased.","PeriodicalId":11537,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Materials Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49360942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, sulphur distribution in the surface, bulk of the copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) thin films and CIGS/Mo interface after sulfurization was investigated. The morphology of surfaces and cross sections of thin films were observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Raman spectra and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) were used to study the phases, structures and chemical components of the thin films. After sulfurizaion, the grain size became larger and a sulphur-contained phase could be found in the XRD pattern. Interestingly, Raman and XPS indicated that the sulphur was not only rich in the surface but also in the CIGS/Mo interface. In addition, the chemical state of indium in the surface had also been modified by the annealing treatment. Those results help us to understand the complicated interface behaviour of CIGS solar cell and be benefit for the improvement of the devices.
{"title":"Modification of surface and interface of copper indium gallium selenide films with sulfurization","authors":"Yanbo Yang, Xiaolu Xiong, Junfeng Han","doi":"10.1680/jemmr.21.00171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jemmr.21.00171","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, sulphur distribution in the surface, bulk of the copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) thin films and CIGS/Mo interface after sulfurization was investigated. The morphology of surfaces and cross sections of thin films were observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Raman spectra and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) were used to study the phases, structures and chemical components of the thin films. After sulfurizaion, the grain size became larger and a sulphur-contained phase could be found in the XRD pattern. Interestingly, Raman and XPS indicated that the sulphur was not only rich in the surface but also in the CIGS/Mo interface. In addition, the chemical state of indium in the surface had also been modified by the annealing treatment. Those results help us to understand the complicated interface behaviour of CIGS solar cell and be benefit for the improvement of the devices.","PeriodicalId":11537,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Materials Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49587812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In radiation protection physics, development of alternative shielding material to lead and lead based material is very popular nowadays and thus the present work aims to study the radiation shielding parameters of a new developed TiO2 added Hydroxyapatite composite material. The gamma ray shielding parameters were given in terms of linear attenuation coefficient (LAC), half value length (HVL), effective atomic number (Z eff), Effective electron density (N eff) for four different composites. The variations of these parameters with the TiO2 rate were also investigated.
{"title":"Radiation shielding properties for titanium dioxide added composites","authors":"M. Choudhary, I. Akkurt, G. Almisned, H. Tekin","doi":"10.1680/jemmr.22.00054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jemmr.22.00054","url":null,"abstract":"In radiation protection physics, development of alternative shielding material to lead and lead based material is very popular nowadays and thus the present work aims to study the radiation shielding parameters of a new developed TiO2 added Hydroxyapatite composite material. The gamma ray shielding parameters were given in terms of linear attenuation coefficient (LAC), half value length (HVL), effective atomic number (Z eff), Effective electron density (N eff) for four different composites. The variations of these parameters with the TiO2 rate were also investigated.","PeriodicalId":11537,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Materials Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67477611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Uçar, Hüseyin Fırat Kayıran, Abdul Vahap Korkmaz
Radiation has been one of the most important phenomena since its discovery and it has been used in different fields. Due to the its hazardous effect it should be shielded and thus new alternative material should be developed. In this study radiological parameters for two type composite materials have been calculated at gamma ray energies of 10−3-105 MeV. These gamma ray shielding parameters are mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), linear attenuation coefficient (LAC), mean free path (mfp), half valu length (HVL), tenth value length (TVL), Atomic cross section (ACS), electronic cross section (ECS), effective atomic number (Z eff), Effective electron density (N eff), effective conductivity (C eff), equivalent atomic number (Z eq), exposure buildup factor (EBF) of the two different composites. The calculations were done using Phy-X/PSD software.
{"title":"Gamma ray shielding parameters of carbon-aramid epoxy composite","authors":"M. Uçar, Hüseyin Fırat Kayıran, Abdul Vahap Korkmaz","doi":"10.1680/jemmr.22.00072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jemmr.22.00072","url":null,"abstract":"Radiation has been one of the most important phenomena since its discovery and it has been used in different fields. Due to the its hazardous effect it should be shielded and thus new alternative material should be developed. In this study radiological parameters for two type composite materials have been calculated at gamma ray energies of 10−3-105 MeV. These gamma ray shielding parameters are mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), linear attenuation coefficient (LAC), mean free path (mfp), half valu length (HVL), tenth value length (TVL), Atomic cross section (ACS), electronic cross section (ECS), effective atomic number (Z eff), Effective electron density (N eff), effective conductivity (C eff), equivalent atomic number (Z eq), exposure buildup factor (EBF) of the two different composites. The calculations were done using Phy-X/PSD software.","PeriodicalId":11537,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Materials Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47625278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Two methods of High Impact Polystyrene polymer (HIPS) addition to the asphalt concrete mixtures (AC) were used to evaluate the effect of freeze-thaw (FT) cycles on the performance of unmodified and modified AC by HIPS; supplementary and additional HIPS polymer as asphalt aggregates. Various polymer contents were used to modify the AC in both methods namely 0% (control), 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. Marshall stability, flow, bulk density, Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS) tests were performed on control and modified samples. Non-destructive test was evaluated by Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity. In the first method, replacing mineral filler by HIPS polymer in AC by 10% lead to the increase of density by 1%, stability by 113%, retained stability by 52%, and ITS by 56% compared to control specimen, these results show a reduction in the damage caused by 8 weeks of FT cycles by 14% for modified AC compared to unmodified AC. However, modifying AC by the second method did not provide promising results, the velocity within the specimen has dropped by 20.9% at 10% HIPS additive before FT effect compared to control. The results of the first method revealed the feasibility of improving AC by HIPS polymer to resist effective FT cycles.
{"title":"Improving asphalt concrete mixtures resistance to rapid freeze-thaw effect using HIPS polymer","authors":"Mousa I. Bani Baker, R. Abendeh","doi":"10.1680/jemmr.21.00129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jemmr.21.00129","url":null,"abstract":"Two methods of High Impact Polystyrene polymer (HIPS) addition to the asphalt concrete mixtures (AC) were used to evaluate the effect of freeze-thaw (FT) cycles on the performance of unmodified and modified AC by HIPS; supplementary and additional HIPS polymer as asphalt aggregates. Various polymer contents were used to modify the AC in both methods namely 0% (control), 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. Marshall stability, flow, bulk density, Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS) tests were performed on control and modified samples. Non-destructive test was evaluated by Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity. In the first method, replacing mineral filler by HIPS polymer in AC by 10% lead to the increase of density by 1%, stability by 113%, retained stability by 52%, and ITS by 56% compared to control specimen, these results show a reduction in the damage caused by 8 weeks of FT cycles by 14% for modified AC compared to unmodified AC. However, modifying AC by the second method did not provide promising results, the velocity within the specimen has dropped by 20.9% at 10% HIPS additive before FT effect compared to control. The results of the first method revealed the feasibility of improving AC by HIPS polymer to resist effective FT cycles.","PeriodicalId":11537,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Materials Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45069170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, observing the advances in nano-technology, many attempts have been made in using nano-particles in nanoclay resin to improve thermal conductivity, and some success has already been achieved. In this study, the thermal properties and experimental results of a composite wall made of Glass / Carbon / Glass layers with nanoclay epoxy resin in between thereof in different ratios (0.5%, 0.75% and 1.25% by volume) were obtained and with plain sample compared. For this purpose, TG, DSC analyzes and heat conduction tests of prepared samples were performed. Experimental results show that its thermal conductivity is increased by about 7.88 % with the 0.75% wt addition of nanoclay. In addition, TG analysis results showed that the lowest mass loss was observed in the samples with 0.75% nanoclay with a value of approximately 18.32%. In the DSC results, the highest glass transition temperature of 433 °C and the highest crystallization temperature of 553 °C were observed in the 1.25% nanoclay added samples.
{"title":"Effects on the thermal properties of nanoclay addition at different ratios to hybrid composite","authors":"İ. Öner, G. Öner","doi":"10.1680/jemmr.22.00045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jemmr.22.00045","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, observing the advances in nano-technology, many attempts have been made in using nano-particles in nanoclay resin to improve thermal conductivity, and some success has already been achieved. In this study, the thermal properties and experimental results of a composite wall made of Glass / Carbon / Glass layers with nanoclay epoxy resin in between thereof in different ratios (0.5%, 0.75% and 1.25% by volume) were obtained and with plain sample compared. For this purpose, TG, DSC analyzes and heat conduction tests of prepared samples were performed. Experimental results show that its thermal conductivity is increased by about 7.88 % with the 0.75% wt addition of nanoclay. In addition, TG analysis results showed that the lowest mass loss was observed in the samples with 0.75% nanoclay with a value of approximately 18.32%. In the DSC results, the highest glass transition temperature of 433 °C and the highest crystallization temperature of 553 °C were observed in the 1.25% nanoclay added samples.","PeriodicalId":11537,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Materials Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45667621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the last century, the demand for energy has soared with the rapid development of technology and the human population. The fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas, oil, etc. used today to obtain energy have a limited lifespan. Therefore, the interest in renewable energy sources is increasing. Solar energy, which is one of these renewable energy sources, comes to the fore more than other renewable energy sources because the energy emitted instantly by the sun is so much greater than the energy consumed by the world in a year. Therefore, much research has been done to produce a greater amount of energy from the sun. This study examines the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) methods that are widely used today. The methods under review include; Constant Voltage, Short Circuit Current, Perturb and Observe, Fuzzy Logic, Incremental Conductance and Artificial Neural Networks. Of these methods, Perturb and Observe, Fuzzy Logic and Artificial Neural Networks have been analyzed using the PVSOL software, which is for making designs and simulations for photovoltaic systems. The analysis includes a comparison of the depreciation periods for the Standard Systems and the facilities where these control algorithms are used.
{"title":"Analysis of maximum power tracking methods in photovoltaic panels","authors":"Ali Akdemir, Abdulhakim Karakaya","doi":"10.1680/jemmr.22.00061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jemmr.22.00061","url":null,"abstract":"In the last century, the demand for energy has soared with the rapid development of technology and the human population. The fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas, oil, etc. used today to obtain energy have a limited lifespan. Therefore, the interest in renewable energy sources is increasing. Solar energy, which is one of these renewable energy sources, comes to the fore more than other renewable energy sources because the energy emitted instantly by the sun is so much greater than the energy consumed by the world in a year. Therefore, much research has been done to produce a greater amount of energy from the sun. This study examines the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) methods that are widely used today. The methods under review include; Constant Voltage, Short Circuit Current, Perturb and Observe, Fuzzy Logic, Incremental Conductance and Artificial Neural Networks. Of these methods, Perturb and Observe, Fuzzy Logic and Artificial Neural Networks have been analyzed using the PVSOL software, which is for making designs and simulations for photovoltaic systems. The analysis includes a comparison of the depreciation periods for the Standard Systems and the facilities where these control algorithms are used.","PeriodicalId":11537,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Materials Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43796917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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