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The Dystrophin-Dystroglycan complex ensures cytokinesis efficiency in Drosophila epithelia. Dystrophin-Dystroglycan复合体可确保果蝇上皮细胞的细胞分裂效率。
IF 6.5 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00319-y
Margarida Gonçalves, Catarina Lopes, Hervé Alégot, Mariana Osswald, Floris Bosveld, Carolina Ramos, Graziella Richard, Yohanns Bellaiche, Vincent Mirouse, Eurico Morais-de-Sá

Cytokinesis physically separates daughter cells at the end of cell division. This step is particularly challenging for epithelial cells, which are connected to their neighbors and to the extracellular matrix by transmembrane protein complexes. To systematically evaluate the impact of the cell adhesion machinery on epithelial cytokinesis efficiency, we performed an RNAi-based modifier screen in the Drosophila follicular epithelium. Strikingly, this unveiled adhesion molecules and transmembrane receptors that facilitate cytokinesis completion. Among these is Dystroglycan, which connects the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton via Dystrophin. Live imaging revealed that Dystrophin and Dystroglycan become enriched in the ingressing membrane, below the cytokinetic ring, during and after ring constriction. Using multiple alleles, including Dystrophin isoform-specific mutants, we show that Dystrophin/Dystroglycan localization is linked with unanticipated roles in regulating cytokinetic ring contraction and in preventing membrane regression during the abscission period. Altogether, we provide evidence that, rather than opposing cytokinesis completion, the machinery involved in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions has also evolved functions to ensure cytokinesis efficiency in epithelial tissues.

细胞分裂是在细胞分裂结束时物理分离子细胞。上皮细胞通过跨膜蛋白复合物与邻近细胞和细胞外基质相连,因此这一步骤对于上皮细胞来说尤其具有挑战性。为了系统评估细胞粘附机制对上皮细胞分裂效率的影响,我们在果蝇滤泡上皮细胞中进行了基于 RNAi 的修饰物筛选。令人震惊的是,我们发现了能促进细胞分裂完成的粘附分子和跨膜受体。其中的Dystroglycan通过Dystrophin连接细胞外基质和细胞骨架。实时成像显示,在细胞运动环收缩期间和之后,Dystrophin 和 Dystroglycan 在细胞运动环下方的摄入膜中富集。利用多种等位基因(包括 Dystrophin 同工酶特异性突变体),我们发现 Dystrophin/Dystroglycan 的定位在调节细胞分裂环收缩和防止脱落期膜退缩方面发挥了意想不到的作用。总之,我们提供的证据表明,参与细胞-细胞和细胞-基质相互作用的机制不仅反对细胞分裂的完成,而且还进化出了确保上皮组织细胞分裂效率的功能。
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引用次数: 0
Cultivating the next generation of leaders : How postdocs, principal investigators and institutes can nurture and select for leadership competencies. 培养下一代领导者:博士后、主要研究人员和研究机构如何培养和选拔领导能力。
IF 6.5 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00308-1
James W Bryson, Ülkü Uzun, Victor O Oria, Jamie Y Auxillos, Iman Safari, Alexia M Lopresti, Agnieszka Krzyzanowska, Katrine Sonne-Hansen
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引用次数: 0
The winter holidays are glorious-except when they're not. 寒假是灿烂的--除了不灿烂的时候。
IF 6.5 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00318-z
Shina Caroline Lynn Kamerlin
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引用次数: 0
Experience-driven development of decision-related representations in the auditory cortex. 听觉皮层中决策相关表征的经验驱动发展。
IF 6.5 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00309-0
Itay Kazanovich, Shir Itzhak, Jennifer Resnik

Associating sensory stimuli with behavioral significance induces substantial changes in stimulus representations. Recent studies suggest that primary sensory cortices not only adjust representations of task-relevant stimuli, but actively participate in encoding features of the decision-making process. We sought to determine whether this trait is innate in sensory cortices or if choice representation develops with time and experience. To trace choice representation development, we perform chronic two-photon calcium imaging in the primary auditory cortex of head-fixed mice while they gain experience in a tone detection task with a delayed decision window. Our results reveal a progressive increase in choice-dependent activity within a specific subpopulation of neurons, aligning with growing task familiarity and adapting to changing task rules. Furthermore, task experience correlates with heightened synchronized activity in these populations and the ability to differentiate between different types of behavioral decisions. Notably, the activity of this subpopulation accurately decodes the same action at different task phases. Our findings establish a dynamic restructuring of population activity in the auditory cortex to encode features of the decision-making process that develop over time and refines with experience.

将感官刺激与行为意义联系起来会导致刺激表征发生重大变化。最近的研究表明,初级感觉皮层不仅会调整任务相关刺激的表征,还会积极参与决策过程特征的编码。我们试图确定这一特征是感觉皮层与生俱来的,还是选择表征会随着时间和经验的积累而发展。为了追踪选择表征的发展,我们在头固定小鼠的初级听觉皮层进行了慢性双光子钙成像,同时让它们在延迟决策窗口的音调检测任务中积累经验。我们的研究结果表明,在一个特定的神经元亚群中,依赖于选择的活动逐渐增加,这与任务熟悉度的增加以及任务规则的变化相一致。此外,任务经验与这些神经元群同步活动的增强以及区分不同行为决策类型的能力相关。值得注意的是,该亚群的活动能准确解码不同任务阶段的相同动作。我们的研究结果确定了听觉皮层中群体活动的动态重组,以编码决策过程的特征,这种特征会随着时间的推移而发展,并随着经验的积累而不断完善。
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引用次数: 0
The N-terminal region of DNMT3A engages the nucleosome surface to aid chromatin recruitment. DNMT3A 的 N 端区域与核小体表面接触,帮助染色质招募。
IF 6.5 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00306-3
Hannah Wapenaar, Gillian Clifford, Willow Rolls, Moira Pasquier, Hayden Burdett, Yujie Zhang, Gauri Deák, Juan Zou, Christos Spanos, Mark R D Taylor, Jacquie Mills, James A Watson, Dhananjay Kumar, Richard Clark, Alakta Das, Devisree Valsakumar, Janice Bramham, Philipp Voigt, Duncan Sproul, Marcus D Wilson

DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) plays a critical role in establishing and maintaining DNA methylation patterns in vertebrates. Here we structurally and biochemically explore the interaction of DNMT3A1 with diverse modified nucleosomes indicative of different chromatin environments. A cryo-EM structure of the full-length DNMT3A1-DNMT3L complex with a H2AK119ub nucleosome reveals that the DNMT3A1 ubiquitin-dependent recruitment (UDR) motif interacts specifically with H2AK119ub and makes extensive contacts with the core nucleosome histone surface. This interaction facilitates robust DNMT3A1 binding to nucleosomes, and previously unexplained DNMT3A disease-associated mutations disrupt this interface. Furthermore, the UDR-nucleosome interaction synergises with other DNMT3A chromatin reading elements in the absence of histone ubiquitylation. H2AK119ub does not stimulate DNMT3A DNA methylation activity, as observed for the previously described H3K36me2 mark, which may explain low levels of DNA methylation on H2AK119ub marked facultative heterochromatin. This study highlights the importance of multivalent binding of DNMT3A to histone modifications and the nucleosome surface and increases our understanding of how DNMT3A1 chromatin recruitment occurs.

DNA 甲基转移酶 3A (DNMT3A) 在建立和维持脊椎动物的 DNA 甲基化模式中发挥着关键作用。在这里,我们从结构和生物化学角度探讨了 DNMT3A1 与不同染色质环境中各种修饰核小体的相互作用。全长 DNMT3A1-DNMT3L 与 H2AK119ub 核小体复合物的低温电子显微镜结构显示,DNMT3A1 泛素依赖性招募(UDR)基序与 H2AK119ub 有特异性相互作用,并与核心核小体组蛋白表面有广泛接触。这种相互作用促进了 DNMT3A1 与核小体的牢固结合,而以前无法解释的 DNMT3A 疾病相关突变会破坏这一界面。此外,在没有组蛋白泛素化的情况下,UDR-核小体相互作用与其他 DNMT3A 染色质阅读元件协同作用。H2AK119ub 并不刺激 DNMT3A 的 DNA 甲基化活性,就像在之前描述的 H3K36me2 标记中观察到的那样,这可能是 H2AK119ub 标记的变异异染色质上 DNA 甲基化水平较低的原因。这项研究强调了 DNMT3A 与组蛋白修饰和核小体表面多价结合的重要性,并加深了我们对 DNMT3A1 染色质招募如何发生的理解。
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引用次数: 0
Palmitoylation by ZDHHC4 inhibits TRPV1-mediated nociception. ZDHHC4 的棕榈酰化抑制了 TRPV1 介导的痛觉。
IF 6.5 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00317-0
Youjing Zhang, Mengyu Zhang, Cheng Tang, Junyan Hu, Xufeng Cheng, Yang Li, Zefeng Chen, Yuan Yin, Chang Xie, Dongdong Li, Jing Yao

Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) is a capsaicin-sensitive ion channel implicated in pain sensation. While TRPV1 potentiation in hyperalgesia development has been extensively investigated, its functional decline during pain relief remains largely unexplored. Here, by molecular, electrophysiological and in vivo evidence, we reveal that S-palmitoylation fine-tunes TRPV1 function by promoting its degradation via the lysosome pathway thereby facilitating inflammatory pain relief. The palmitoyl acyltransferase ZDHHC4 is identified to physically interact with TRPV1 and to catalyze S-palmitoylation at the cysteine residues C157, C362, C390, and C715 of the channel. Furthermore, we show that TRPV1 palmitoylation is counterbalanced by the depalmitoylase acyl-protein thioesterase 1 (APT1), thereby reinstating pain sensation. These findings provide important mechanistic insights into the relief phase of inflammatory pain.

瞬时受体电位类香草素 1(TRPV1)是一种对辣椒素敏感的离子通道,与痛觉有关。虽然 TRPV1 在痛觉过度发展过程中的增效作用已被广泛研究,但其在疼痛缓解过程中的功能衰退在很大程度上仍未被探索。在这里,通过分子、电生理学和体内证据,我们揭示了 S-棕榈酰化通过溶酶体途径促进 TRPV1 降解,从而促进炎症性疼痛缓解,从而对 TRPV1 的功能进行微调。我们发现棕榈酰酰基转移酶 ZDHHC4 与 TRPV1 有物理相互作用,并能催化通道半胱氨酸残基 C157、C362、C390 和 C715 上的 S-棕榈酰化。此外,我们还发现 TRPV1 的棕榈酰化作用会被去棕榈酰化酶酰基蛋白硫酯酶 1(APT1)抵消,从而恢复痛觉。这些发现为了解炎性疼痛的缓解阶段提供了重要的机理启示。
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引用次数: 0
In situ cell-surface conformation of the TCR-CD3 signaling complex. TCR-CD3 信号复合体的原位细胞表面构象。
IF 6.5 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00314-3
Aswin Natarajan, Yogambigai Velmurugu, Manuel Becerra Flores, Fatoumatta Dibba, Saikiran Beesam, Sally Kikvadze, Xiaotian Wang, Wenjuan Wang, Tianqi Li, Hye Won Shin, Timothy Cardozo, Michelle Krogsgaard

The extracellular molecular organization of the individual CD3 subunits around the αβ T cell receptor (TCR) is critical for initiating T cell signaling. In this study, we incorporate photo-crosslinkers at specific sites within the TCRα, TCRβ, CD3δ, and CD3γ subunits. Through crosslinking and docking, we identify a CD3ε'-CD3γ-CD3ε-CD3δ arrangement situated around the αβTCR in situ within the cell surface environment. We demonstrate the importance of cholesterol in maintaining the stability of the complex and that the 'in situ' complex structure mirrors the structure from 'detergent-purified' complexes. In addition, mutations aimed at stabilizing extracellular TCR-CD3 interfaces lead to poor signaling, suggesting that subunit fluidity is indispensable for signaling. Finally, employing photo-crosslinking and CD3 tetramer assays, we show that the TCR-CD3 complex undergoes minimal subunit movements or reorientations upon interaction with activating antibodies and pMHC tetramers. This suggests an absence of 'inactive-active' conformational states in the TCR constant regions and the extracellular CD3 subunits, unlike the transmembrane regions of the complex. This study contributes a nuanced understanding of TCR signaling, which may inform the development of therapeutics for immune-related disorders.

αβT细胞受体(TCR)周围单个CD3亚基的细胞外分子组织对于启动T细胞信号传导至关重要。在这项研究中,我们在 TCRα、TCRβ、CD3δ 和 CD3γ 亚基的特定位点加入了光交联剂。通过交联和对接,我们确定了 CD3ε'-CD3γ-CD3ε-CD3δ 在细胞表面环境中围绕 αβTCR 原位排列。我们证明了胆固醇在维持复合物稳定性方面的重要性,而且 "原位 "复合物结构反映了 "去垢剂纯化 "复合物的结构。此外,旨在稳定细胞外 TCR-CD3 界面的突变会导致信号传导不良,这表明亚基的流动性对于信号传导是不可或缺的。最后,通过光交联和 CD3 四聚体检测,我们发现 TCR-CD3 复合物在与活化抗体和 pMHC 四聚体相互作用时,亚基移动或重新定向的情况极少。这表明 TCR 恒定区和细胞外 CD3 亚基与复合物的跨膜区不同,不存在 "非活性-活性 "构象状态。这项研究有助于深入了解 TCR 信号转导,为开发治疗免疫相关疾病的药物提供参考。
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引用次数: 0
PTGS is dispensable for the initiation of epigenetic silencing of an active transposon in Arabidopsis. 在拟南芥中,PTGS对于启动活性转座子的表观遗传沉默是不可或缺的。
IF 6.5 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00304-5
Marieke Trasser, Grégoire Bohl-Viallefond, Verónica Barragán-Borrero, Laura Diezma-Navas, Lukas Loncsek, Magnus Nordborg, Arturo Marí-Ordóñez

Transposable elements (TEs) are repressed in plants through transcriptional gene silencing (TGS), maintained epigenetic silencing marks such as DNA methylation. However, the mechanisms by which silencing is first installed remain poorly understood in plants. Small interfering (si)RNAs and post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) are believed to mediate the initiation of TGS by guiding the first deposition of DNA methylation. To determine how this silencing installation works, we took advantage of ÉVADÉ (EVD), an endogenous retroelement in Arabidopsis, able to recapitulate true de novo silencing with a sequence of PTGS followed by a TGS. To test whether PTGS is required for TGS, we introduce active EVD into RNA-DEPENDENT-RNA-POLYMERASE-6 (RDR6) mutants, an essential PTGS component. EVD activity and silencing are monitored across several generations. In the absence of PTGS, silencing of EVD is still achieved through installation of RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM). Our study shows that PTGS is dispensable for de novo EVD silencing. Although we cannot rule out that PTGS might facilitate TGS, or control TE activity, initiation of epigenetic silencing can take place in its absence.

可转座元件(TEs)在植物体内通过转录基因沉默(TGS)被抑制,并保持 DNA 甲基化等表观遗传沉默标记。然而,人们对植物中首次实施沉默的机制仍然知之甚少。小干扰(si)RNA 和转录后基因沉默(PTGS)被认为是通过引导 DNA 甲基化的首次沉积来介导 TGS 的启动。为了确定这种沉默装置是如何工作的,我们利用了拟南芥中的一种内源逆转录因子ÉVADÉ(EVD),它能够用PTGS序列再现真正的从头沉默,然后是TGS。为了测试 TGS 是否需要 PTGS,我们在 RNA-DEPENDENT-RNA-POLYMERASE-6(RDR6)突变体中引入了活性 EVD,RDR6 是 PTGS 的重要组成部分。我们对几代 EVD 活性和沉默进行了监测。在缺乏 PTGS 的情况下,EVD 的沉默仍然是通过安装 RNA 引导的 DNA 甲基化(RdDM)来实现的。我们的研究表明,PTGS 对于新的 EVD 沉默是不可或缺的。虽然我们不能排除 PTGS 可能会促进 TGS 或控制 TE 的活性,但在 PTGS 缺失的情况下,表观遗传沉默也可以启动。
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引用次数: 0
The USP12/46 deubiquitinases protect integrins from ESCRT-mediated lysosomal degradation. USP12/46 去泛素酶保护整合素免受 ESCRT 介导的溶酶体降解。
IF 6.5 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00300-9
Kaikai Yu, Guan M Wang, Shiny Shengzhen Guo, Florian Bassermann, Reinhard Fässler

The functions of integrins are tightly regulated via multiple mechanisms including trafficking and degradation. Integrins are repeatedly internalized, routed into the endosomal system and either degraded by the lysosome or recycled back to the plasma membrane. The ubiquitin system dictates whether internalized proteins are degraded or recycled. Here, we use a genetic screen and proximity-dependent biotin identification to identify deubiquitinase(s) that control integrin surface levels. We find that a ternary deubiquitinating complex, comprised of USP12 (or the homologous USP46), WDR48 and WDR20, stabilizes β1 integrin (Itgb1) by preventing ESCRT-mediated lysosomal degradation. Mechanistically, the USP12/46-WDR48-WDR20 complex removes ubiquitin from the cytoplasmic tail of internalized Itgb1 in early endosomes, which in turn prevents ESCRT-mediated sorting and Itgb1 degradation.

整合素的功能通过多种机制(包括贩运和降解)受到严格调控。整合素反复被内化,进入内体系统,然后被溶酶体降解或回收到质膜。泛素系统决定了内化蛋白是被降解还是被回收。在这里,我们利用基因筛选和依赖性生物素鉴定来确定控制整合素表面水平的去泛素化酶。我们发现,由 USP12(或同源 USP46)、WDR48 和 WDR20 组成的三元去泛素复合物通过阻止 ESCRT 介导的溶酶体降解来稳定 β1 整合素(Itgb1)。从机理上讲,USP12/46-WDR48-WDR20 复合物能清除早期内体中内化的 Itgb1 胞质尾部的泛素,进而阻止 ESCRT 介导的分选和 Itgb1 降解。
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引用次数: 0
Reducing competition between msd and genomic DNA improves retron editing efficiency. 减少 msd 与基因组 DNA 之间的竞争可提高 retron 编辑效率。
IF 6.5 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00311-6
Yuyang Ni, Yifei Wang, Xinyu Shi, Fan Yu, Qingmin Ruan, Na Tian, Jin He, Xun Wang

Retrons, found in bacteria and used for defense against phages, generate a unique molecule known as multicopy single-stranded DNA (msDNA). This msDNA mimics Okazaki fragments during DNA replication, making it a promising tool for targeted gene editing in prokaryotes. However, existing retron systems often exhibit suboptimal editing efficiency. Here, we identify the msd gene in Escherichia coli, which encodes the noncoding RNA template for msDNA synthesis and carries the homologous sequence of the target gene to be edited, as a critical bottleneck. Sequence homology causes the msDNA to bind to the msd gene, thereby reducing its efficiency in editing the target gene. To address this issue, we engineer a retron system that tailors msDNA to the leading strand of the plasmid containing the msd gene. This strategy minimizes msd gene editing and reduces competition with target genes, significantly increasing msDNA availability. Our optimized system achieves very high retron editing efficiency, enhancing performance and expanding the potential for in vivo techniques that rely on homologous DNA synthesis.

细菌中发现的用于抵御噬菌体的Retrons会产生一种独特的分子,即多拷贝单链DNA(msDNA)。这种 msDNA 在 DNA 复制过程中模仿冈崎片段,使其成为原核生物中一种很有前景的靶向基因编辑工具。然而,现有的 retron 系统往往表现出不理想的编辑效率。在这里,我们发现大肠杆菌中的 msd 基因是一个关键瓶颈,该基因编码用于 msDNA 合成的非编码 RNA 模板,并携带待编辑目的基因的同源序列。序列同源性会导致 msDNA 与 msd 基因结合,从而降低其编辑目的基因的效率。为了解决这个问题,我们设计了一种retron系统,将msDNA定制到含有msd基因的质粒的前导链上。这一策略最大程度地减少了msd基因的编辑,减少了与目的基因的竞争,从而大大提高了msDNA的可用性。我们的优化系统实现了极高的 retron 编辑效率,提高了性能,拓展了依赖同源 DNA 合成的体内技术的潜力。
{"title":"Reducing competition between msd and genomic DNA improves retron editing efficiency.","authors":"Yuyang Ni, Yifei Wang, Xinyu Shi, Fan Yu, Qingmin Ruan, Na Tian, Jin He, Xun Wang","doi":"10.1038/s44319-024-00311-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s44319-024-00311-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Retrons, found in bacteria and used for defense against phages, generate a unique molecule known as multicopy single-stranded DNA (msDNA). This msDNA mimics Okazaki fragments during DNA replication, making it a promising tool for targeted gene editing in prokaryotes. However, existing retron systems often exhibit suboptimal editing efficiency. Here, we identify the msd gene in Escherichia coli, which encodes the noncoding RNA template for msDNA synthesis and carries the homologous sequence of the target gene to be edited, as a critical bottleneck. Sequence homology causes the msDNA to bind to the msd gene, thereby reducing its efficiency in editing the target gene. To address this issue, we engineer a retron system that tailors msDNA to the leading strand of the plasmid containing the msd gene. This strategy minimizes msd gene editing and reduces competition with target genes, significantly increasing msDNA availability. Our optimized system achieves very high retron editing efficiency, enhancing performance and expanding the potential for in vivo techniques that rely on homologous DNA synthesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":11541,"journal":{"name":"EMBO Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142582495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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