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Publisher Correction: Cytoplasmic FBXO38 mediates PD-1 degradation. 出版商更正:细胞质 FBXO38 介导 PD-1 降解。
IF 6.5 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00298-0
Xiwei Liu, Xiangbo Meng, Zuomiao Lin, Shutan Jiang, Haifeng Liu, Shao-Cong Sun, Xiaolong Liu, Penghui Zhou, Xiaowu Huang, Lai Wei, Wei Yang, Chenqi Xu
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引用次数: 0
SUMOylation of protein phosphatase 5 regulates phosphatase activity and substrate release. 蛋白磷酸酶 5 的 SUMO 化调节磷酸酶活性和底物释放。
IF 6.5 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-20 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00250-2
Rebecca A Sager, Sarah J Backe, Diana M Dunn, Jennifer A Heritz, Elham Ahanin, Natela Dushukyan, Barry Panaretou, Gennady Bratslavsky, Mark R Woodford, Dimitra Bourboulia, Mehdi Mollapour

The serine/threonine protein phosphatase 5 (PP5) regulates hormone and stress-induced signaling networks. Unlike other phosphoprotein phosphatases, PP5 contains both regulatory and catalytic domains and is further regulated through post-translational modifications (PTMs). Here we identify that SUMOylation of K430 in the catalytic domain of PP5 regulates phosphatase activity. Additionally, phosphorylation of PP5-T362 is pre-requisite for SUMOylation, suggesting the ordered addition of PTMs regulates PP5 function in cells. Using the glucocorticoid receptor, a well known substrate for PP5, we demonstrate that SUMOylation results in substrate release from PP5. We harness this information to create a non-SUMOylatable K430R mutant as a 'substrate trap' and globally identified novel PP5 substrate candidates. Lastly, we generated a consensus dephosphorylation motif using known substrates, and verified its presence in the new candidate substrates. This study unravels the impact of cross talk of SUMOylation and phosphorylation on PP5 phosphatase activity and substrate release in cells.

丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白磷酸酶 5(PP5)调节激素和压力诱导的信号网络。与其他磷蛋白磷酸酶不同,PP5 同时含有调节结构域和催化结构域,并通过翻译后修饰(PTMs)进一步调控。在这里,我们发现 PP5 催化域 K430 的 SUMOylation 可调控磷酸酶的活性。此外,PP5-T362 的磷酸化是 SUMOylation 的先决条件,这表明 PTM 的有序添加调节 PP5 在细胞中的功能。糖皮质激素受体是 PP5 众所周知的底物,我们利用糖皮质激素受体证明了 SUMO 化会导致 PP5 释放底物。我们利用这一信息创建了一个不可SUMOylatable的K430R突变体作为 "底物陷阱",并在全球范围内鉴定了新的PP5候选底物。最后,我们利用已知底物生成了共识去磷酸化基团,并在新的候选底物中验证了它的存在。这项研究揭示了 SUMOylation 和磷酸化交叉作用对细胞中 PP5 磷酸酶活性和底物释放的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Kinesin-1 mediates proper ER folding of the CaV1.2 channel and maintains mouse glucose homeostasis. 驱动蛋白-1 介导 CaV1.2 通道的正确 ER 折叠并维持小鼠的葡萄糖稳态。
IF 6.5 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00246-y
Yosuke Tanaka, Atena Farkhondeh, Wenxing Yang, Hitoshi Ueno, Mitsuhiko Noda, Nobutaka Hirokawa

Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) from pancreatic beta cells is a principal mechanism for systemic glucose homeostasis, of which regulatory mechanisms are still unclear. Here we show that kinesin molecular motor KIF5B is essential for GSIS through maintaining the voltage-gated calcium channel CaV1.2 levels, by facilitating an Hsp70-to-Hsp90 chaperone exchange to pass through the quality control in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Phenotypic analyses of KIF5B conditional knockout (cKO) mouse beta cells revealed significant abolishment of glucose-stimulated calcium transients, which altered the behaviors of insulin granules via abnormally stabilized cortical F-actin. KIF5B and Hsp90 colocalize to microdroplets on ER sheets, where CaV1.2 but not Kir6.2 is accumulated. In the absence of KIF5B, CaV1.2 fails to be transferred from Hsp70 to Hsp90 via STIP1, and is likely degraded via the proteasomal pathway. KIF5B and Hsc70 overexpression increased CaV1.2 expression via enhancing its chaperone binding. Thus, ER sheets may serve as the place of KIF5B- and Hsp90-dependent chaperone exchange, which predominantly facilitates CaV1.2 production in beta cells and properly enterprises GSIS against diabetes.

胰岛β细胞的葡萄糖刺激胰岛素分泌(GSIS)是全身葡萄糖平衡的主要机制,其调控机制尚不清楚。这里我们发现驱动蛋白分子马达 KIF5B 通过促进 Hsp70 到 Hsp90 的伴侣交换以通过内质网(ER)的质量控制,维持电压门控钙通道 CaV1.2 的水平,从而对 GSIS 起着至关重要的作用。对KIF5B条件性基因敲除(cKO)小鼠β细胞的表型分析表明,葡萄糖刺激的钙离子瞬态显著消失,这通过异常稳定的皮质F-肌动蛋白改变了胰岛素颗粒的行为。KIF5B 和 Hsp90 共同定位到 ER 片上的微滴,CaV1.2 而非 Kir6.2 在这些微滴中聚集。在 KIF5B 缺失的情况下,CaV1.2 无法通过 STIP1 从 Hsp70 转移到 Hsp90,很可能通过蛋白酶体途径降解。KIF5B 和 Hsc70 的过表达可通过增强与其伴侣蛋白的结合来增加 CaV1.2 的表达。因此,ER 片可能是 KIF5B 和 Hsp90 依赖性伴侣交换的场所,它主要促进了 CaV1.2 在β细胞中的产生,并适当促进 GSIS 抗糖尿病。
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引用次数: 0
SUN2 mediates calcium-triggered nuclear actin polymerization to cluster active RNA polymerase II. SUN2 介导钙触发的核肌动蛋白聚合,使活性 RNA 聚合酶 II 聚集在一起。
IF 6.5 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00274-8
Svenja Ulferts, Robert Grosse

The nucleoskeleton is essential for nuclear architecture as well as genome integrity and gene expression. In addition to lamins, titin or spectrins, dynamic actin filament polymerization has emerged as a potential intranuclear structural element but its functions are less well explored. Here we found that calcium elevations trigger rapid nuclear actin assembly requiring the nuclear membrane protein SUN2 independently of its function as a component of the LINC complex. Instead, SUN2 colocalized and associated with the formin and actin nucleator INF2 in the nuclear envelope in a calcium-regulated manner. Moreover, SUN2 is required for active RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II) clustering in response to calcium elevations. Thus, our data uncover a SUN2-formin module linking the nuclear envelope to intranuclear actin assembly to promote signal-dependent spatial reorganization of active RNA Pol II.

核骨架对核结构、基因组完整性和基因表达至关重要。除了片蛋白、钛蛋白或光谱蛋白外,动态肌动蛋白丝聚合也已成为一种潜在的核内结构元素,但对其功能的探索还较少。在这里,我们发现钙离子升高会触发核肌动蛋白的快速组装,这需要核膜蛋白 SUN2,而不依赖于它作为 LINC 复合物成分的功能。相反,SUN2 以一种钙调控的方式与核包膜中的形蛋白和肌动蛋白成核因子 INF2 共同定位和关联。此外,SUN2 也是活性 RNA 聚合酶 II(RNA Pol II)在钙离子升高时聚集所必需的。因此,我们的数据揭示了连接核膜与核内肌动蛋白组装的 SUN2-formin模块,以促进活性 RNA Pol II 的信号依赖性空间重组。
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引用次数: 0
Progressive cardiomyopathy with intercalated disc disorganization in a rat model of Becker dystrophy. 在大鼠贝克尔营养不良症模型中出现的进行性心肌病伴有椎间盘紊乱。
IF 6.5 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00249-9
Valentina Taglietti, Kaouthar Kefi, Busra Mirciloglu, Sultan Bastu, Jean-Daniel Masson, Iwona Bronisz-Budzyńska, Vassiliki Gouni, Carlotta Ferri, Alan Jorge, Christel Gentil, France Pietri-Rouxel, Edoardo Malfatti, Peggy Lafuste, Laurent Tiret, Frederic Relaix

Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) is an X-linked disorder due to in-frame mutations in the DMD gene, leading to a less abundant and truncated dystrophin. BMD is less common and severe than Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) as well as less investigated. To accelerate the search for innovative treatments, we developed a rat model of BMD by deleting the exons 45-47 of the Dmd gene. Here, we report a functional and histopathological evaluation of these rats during their first year of life, compared to DMD and control littermates. BMD rats exhibit moderate damage to locomotor and diaphragmatic muscles but suffer from a progressive cardiomyopathy. Single nuclei RNA-seq analysis of cardiac samples revealed shared transcriptomic abnormalities in BMD and DMD rats and highlighted an altered end-addressing of TMEM65 and Connexin-43 at the intercalated disc, along with electrocardiographic abnormalities. Our study documents the natural history of a translational preclinical model of BMD and reports a cellular mechanism for the cardiac dysfunction in BMD and DMD offering opportunities to further investigate the organization role of dystrophin in intercellular communication.

贝克型肌营养不良症(BMD)是一种 X 连锁疾病,是由于 DMD 基因发生框内突变,导致肌营养不良蛋白含量减少并被截断。与杜氏肌营养不良症(DMD)相比,贝氏肌营养不良症并不常见,病情也不严重,研究也较少。为了加快寻找创新治疗方法,我们通过删除 Dmd 基因的 45-47 号外显子,建立了一个 BMD 大鼠模型。在此,我们报告了对这些大鼠在出生后第一年的功能和组织病理学评估,并与 DMD 和对照组同窝大鼠进行了比较。BMD 大鼠的运动肌和膈肌表现出中度损伤,但患有进行性心肌病。对心脏样本进行的单核 RNA-seq 分析显示,BMD 大鼠和 DMD 大鼠存在共同的转录组异常,并突出显示了 TMEM65 和 Connexin-43 在闰盘的末端地址改变以及心电图异常。我们的研究记录了 BMD 转化临床前模型的自然史,并报告了 BMD 和 DMD 心脏功能障碍的细胞机制,为进一步研究肌营养不良蛋白在细胞间通信中的组织作用提供了机会。
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引用次数: 0
m6A modification of mutant huntingtin RNA promotes the biogenesis of pathogenic huntingtin transcripts. 突变亨廷蛋白 RNA 的 m6A 修饰促进了致病亨廷蛋白转录本的生物生成。
IF 6.5 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00283-7
Anika Pupak, Irene Rodríguez-Navarro, Kirupa Sathasivam, Ankita Singh, Amelie Essmann, Daniel Del Toro, Silvia Ginés, Ricardo Mouro Pinto, Gillian P Bates, Ulf Andersson Vang Ørom, Eulàlia Martí, Verónica Brito

In Huntington's disease (HD), aberrant processing of huntingtin (HTT) mRNA produces HTT1a transcripts that encode the pathogenic HTT exon 1 protein. The mechanisms behind HTT1a production are not fully understood. Considering the role of m6A in RNA processing and splicing, we investigated its involvement in HTT1a generation. Here, we show that m6A methylation is increased before the cryptic poly(A) sites (IpA1 and IpA2) within the huntingtin RNA in the striatum of Hdh+/Q111 mice and human HD samples. We further assessed m6A's role in mutant Htt mRNA processing by pharmacological inhibition and knockdown of METTL3, as well as targeted demethylation of Htt intron 1 using a dCas13-ALKBH5 system in HD mouse cells. Our data reveal that Htt1a transcript levels are regulated by both METTL3 and the methylation status of Htt intron 1. They also show that m6A methylation in intron 1 depends on expanded CAG repeats. Our findings highlight a potential role for m6A in aberrant splicing of Htt mRNA.

在亨廷顿氏病(HD)中,亨廷汀(HTT)mRNA 的异常加工会产生 HTT1a 转录本,编码致病的 HTT 第 1 外显子蛋白。HTT1a产生的机制尚未完全明了。考虑到 m6A 在 RNA 处理和剪接中的作用,我们研究了它在 HTT1a 生成中的参与。在这里,我们发现在 Hdh+/Q111 小鼠和人类 HD 样本的纹状体中,m6A 甲基化在亨廷蛋白 RNA 中的隐性 poly(A) 位点(IpA1 和 IpA2)之前增加。我们进一步评估了 m6A 在突变型 Htt mRNA 处理中的作用,方法是药理抑制和敲除 METTL3,以及使用 dCas13-ALKBH5 系统在 HD 小鼠细胞中对 Htt 内含子 1 进行靶向去甲基化。我们的数据显示,Htt1a 转录水平受 METTL3 和 Htt 内含子 1 甲基化状态的调控。这些数据还显示,内含子 1 中的 m6A 甲基化取决于扩展的 CAG 重复序列。我们的发现突显了 m6A 在 Htt mRNA 的异常剪接中的潜在作用。
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引用次数: 0
Time bomb. 定时炸弹
IF 6.5 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00273-9
Howy Jacobs
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引用次数: 0
YOD1 sustains NOD2-mediated protective signaling in colitis by stabilizing RIPK2. YOD1 通过稳定 RIPK2 来维持 NOD2 介导的结肠炎保护信号。
IF 6.5 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00276-6
Jiangyun Shen, Liyan Lou, Xue Du, Bincheng Zhou, Yanqi Xu, Fuqi Mei, Liangrong Wu, Jianmin Li, Ari Waisman, Jing Ruan, Xu Wang

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a disorder causing chronic inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract, and its pathophysiological mechanisms are still under investigation. Here, we find that mice deficient of YOD1, a deubiquitinating enzyme, are highly susceptible to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. The bone marrow transplantation experiment reveals that YOD1 derived from hematopoietic cells inhibits DSS colitis. Moreover, YOD1 exerts its protective role by promoting nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2)-mediated physiological inflammation in macrophages. Mechanistically, YOD1 inhibits the proteasomal degradation of receptor-interacting serine/threonine kinase 2 (RIPK2) by reducing its K48 polyubiquitination, thereby increasing RIPK2 abundance to enhance NOD2 signaling. Consistently, the protective function of muramyldipeptide, a NOD2 ligand, in experimental colitis is abolished in mice deficient of YOD1. Importantly, YOD1 is upregulated in colon-infiltrating macrophages in patients with colitis. Collectively, this study identifies YOD1 as a novel regulator of colitis.

炎症性肠病(IBD)是一种导致胃肠道慢性炎症的疾病,其病理生理机制仍在研究之中。在这里,我们发现缺乏去泛素化酶 YOD1 的小鼠极易患右旋糖酐硫酸钠(DSS)诱导的结肠炎。骨髓移植实验显示,来自造血细胞的 YOD1 可抑制 DSS 结肠炎。此外,YOD1 通过促进核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域 2(NOD2)介导的巨噬细胞生理性炎症发挥其保护作用。从机理上讲,YOD1 通过减少受体相互作用丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶 2(RIPK2)的 K48 多泛素化来抑制其蛋白酶体降解,从而增加 RIPK2 的丰度,增强 NOD2 的信号转导。同样,在缺乏 YOD1 的小鼠体内,NOD2 配体 muramyldipeptide 在实验性结肠炎中的保护功能也会消失。重要的是,YOD1 在结肠炎患者的结肠浸润巨噬细胞中上调。总之,这项研究发现 YOD1 是结肠炎的新型调节因子。
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引用次数: 0
Stress granules are not present in Kras mutant cancers and do not control tumor growth. Kras 突变癌症中不存在应激颗粒,也不能控制肿瘤生长。
IF 6.5 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00284-6
Maxime Libert, Sophie Quiquempoix, Jean S Fain, Sébastien Pyr Dit Ruys, Malak Haidar, Margaux Wulleman, Gaëtan Herinckx, Didier Vertommen, Christelle Bouchart, Tatjana Arsenijevic, Jean-Luc Van Laethem, Patrick Jacquemin

Stress granules (SG) are membraneless ribonucleoprotein-based cytoplasmic organelles that assemble in response to stress. Their formation is often associated with an almost global suppression of translation, and the aberrant assembly or disassembly of these granules has pathological implications in neurodegeneration and cancer. In cancer, and particularly in the presence of oncogenic KRAS mutations, in vivo studies concluded that SG increase the resistance of cancer cells to stress. Hence, SG have recently been considered a promising target for therapy. Here, starting from our observations that genes coding for SG proteins are stimulated during development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, we analyze the formation of SG during tumorigenesis. We resort to in vitro, in vivo and in silico approaches, using mouse models, human samples and human data. Our analyses do not support that SG are formed during tumorigenesis of KRAS-driven cancers, at least that their presence is not universal, leading us to propose that caution is required before considering SG as therapeutic targets.

应激颗粒(SG)是以核糖核蛋白为基础的无膜细胞质细胞器,在应激反应时聚集。应激颗粒的形成往往与几乎全面的翻译抑制有关,这些颗粒的异常组装或解体对神经变性和癌症具有病理影响。在癌症中,尤其是在存在致癌 KRAS 突变的情况下,体内研究得出结论,SG 会增强癌细胞对应激的抵抗力。因此,SG 近来被认为是一种很有前景的治疗靶点。在此,我们从胰腺导管腺癌发展过程中刺激SG蛋白编码基因的观察出发,分析了肿瘤发生过程中SG的形成。我们利用小鼠模型、人类样本和人类数据,采用了体外、体内和硅学方法。我们的分析并不支持 SG 在 KRAS 驱动的癌症的肿瘤发生过程中形成,至少它们的存在并不普遍,因此我们建议在考虑将 SG 作为治疗靶点之前需要谨慎。
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引用次数: 0
SCAR-6 elncRNA locus epigenetically regulates PROZ and modulates coagulation and vascular function. SCAR-6 elncRNA位点对PROZ进行表观遗传调控,并调节凝血和血管功能。
IF 6.5 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00272-w
Gyan Ranjan, Paras Sehgal, Vinod Scaria, Sridhar Sivasubbu

In this study, we characterize a novel lncRNA-producing gene locus that we name Syntenic Cardiovascular Conserved Region-Associated lncRNA-6 (scar-6) and functionally validate its role in coagulation and cardiovascular function. A 12-bp deletion of the scar-6 locus in zebrafish (scar-6gib007Δ12/Δ12) results in cranial hemorrhage and vascular permeability. Overexpression, knockdown and rescue with the scar-6 lncRNA modulates hemostasis in zebrafish. Molecular investigation reveals that the scar-6 lncRNA acts as an enhancer lncRNA (elncRNA), and controls the expression of prozb, an inhibitor of factor Xa, through an enhancer element in the scar-6 locus. The scar-6 locus suppresses loop formation between prozb and scar-6 sequences, which might be facilitated by the methylation of CpG islands via the prdm14-PRC2 complex whose binding to the locus might be stabilized by the scar-6 elncRNA transcript. Binding of prdm14 to the scar-6 locus is impaired in scar-6gib007Δ12/Δ12 zebrafish. Finally, activation of the PAR2 receptor in scar-6gib007Δ12/Δ12 zebrafish triggers NF-κB-mediated endothelial cell activation, leading to vascular dysfunction and hemorrhage. We present evidence that the scar-6 locus plays a role in regulating the expression of the coagulation cascade gene prozb and maintains vascular homeostasis.

在这项研究中,我们鉴定了一个产生lncRNA的新基因位点,并将其命名为Syntenic Cardiovascular Conserved Region-Associated lncRNA-6(scar-6),同时从功能上验证了它在凝血和心血管功能中的作用。斑马鱼 scar-6 基因座的 12-bp 缺失(scar-6gib007Δ12/Δ12)会导致头颅出血和血管通透性。scar-6 lncRNA的过表达、敲除和挽救可调节斑马鱼的止血功能。分子研究发现,scar-6 lncRNA是一种增强子lncRNA(elncRNA),通过scar-6基因座中的增强子元件控制Xa因子抑制剂prozb的表达。scar-6 基因座抑制了 prozb 和 scar-6 序列之间的环路形成,这可能是通过prdm14-PRC2 复合物促进了 CpG 岛的甲基化,而 scar-6 elncRNA 转录本可能稳定了prdm14-PRC2 复合物与基因座的结合。prdm14与scar-6基因座的结合在scar-6gib007Δ12/Δ12斑马鱼中受损。最后,Scar-6gib007Δ12/Δ12 斑马鱼体内 PAR2 受体的激活会引发 NF-κB 介导的内皮细胞激活,导致血管功能障碍和出血。我们提出的证据表明,scar-6 基因座在调节凝血级联基因 prozb 的表达和维持血管稳态方面发挥作用。
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