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Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus induces lactylation of m6A reader protein YTHDF1 to facilitate viral replication. 严重发热伴血小板减少综合征病毒诱导 m6A 读取蛋白 YTHDF1 乳化,以促进病毒复制。
IF 6.5 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00310-7
Bingxin Liu, Xiaoyan Tian, Linrun Li, Rui Zhang, Jing Wu, Na Jiang, Meng Yuan, Deyan Chen, Airong Su, Shijie Xu, Zhiwei Wu

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV), an emerging infectious pathogen with a high fatality rate, is an enveloped tripartite segmented single-stranded negative-sense RNA virus. SFTSV infection is characterized by suppressed host innate immunity, proinflammatory cytokine storm, failure of B-cell immunity, and robust viral replication. m6A modification has been shown to play a role in viral infections. However, interactions between m6A modification and SFTSV infection remain poorly understood. Through MeRIP-seq, we identify m6A modifications on SFTSV RNA. We show that YTHDF1 can bind to m6A modification sites on SFTSV, decreasing the stability of SFTSV RNA and reducing the translation efficiency of SFTSV proteins. The SFTSV virulence factor NSs increases lactylation of YTHDF1 and YTHDF1 degradation, thus facilitating SFTSV replication. Our findings indicate that the SFTSV protein NSs induce lactylation to inhibit YTHDF1 as a countermeasure to host's YTHDF1-mediated degradation of m6A-marked viral mRNAs.

严重发热伴血小板减少综合征病毒(SFTSV)是一种致死率很高的新出现的传染性病原体,它是一种有包膜的三方分段单链负义 RNA 病毒。SFTSV 感染的特点是宿主先天性免疫受到抑制、促炎细胞因子风暴、B 细胞免疫失败以及病毒复制旺盛。然而,人们对 m6A 修饰与 SFTSV 感染之间的相互作用仍然知之甚少。我们通过 MeRIP-seq 鉴定了 SFTSV RNA 上的 m6A 修饰。我们发现YTHDF1能与SFTSV上的m6A修饰位点结合,从而降低SFTSV RNA的稳定性并降低SFTSV蛋白的翻译效率。SFTSV毒力因子NSs可增加YTHDF1的乳化和YTHDF1的降解,从而促进SFTSV的复制。我们的研究结果表明,SFTSV蛋白NSs诱导乳酰化以抑制YTHDF1,作为宿主YTHDF1介导的m6A标记病毒mRNA降解的对策。
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引用次数: 0
Genetic linkage disequilibrium of deleterious mutations in threatened mammals. 受威胁哺乳动物中有害突变的遗传连锁不平衡。
IF 6.5 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00307-2
Chunyan Hu, Gaoming Liu, Zhan Zhang, Qi Pan, Xiaoxiao Zhang, Weiqiang Liu, Zihao Li, Meng Li, Pingfen Zhu, Ting Ji, Paul A Garber, Xuming Zhou

The impact of negative selection against deleterious mutations in endangered species remains underexplored. Recent studies have measured mutation load by comparing the accumulation of deleterious mutations, however, this method is most effective when comparing within and between populations of phylogenetically closely related species. Here, we introduced new statistics, LDcor, and its standardized form nLDcor, which allows us to detect and compare global linkage disequilibrium of deleterious mutations across species using unphased genotypes. These statistics measure averaged pairwise standardized covariance and standardize mutation differences based on the standard deviation of alleles to reflect selection intensity. We then examined selection strength in the genomes of seven mammals. Tigers exhibited an over-dispersion of deleterious mutations, while gorillas, giant pandas, and golden snub-nosed monkeys displayed negative linkage disequilibrium. Furthermore, the distribution of deleterious mutations in threatened mammals did not reveal consistent trends. Our results indicate that these newly developed statistics could help us understand the genetic burden of threatened species.

在濒危物种中,针对有害突变的负选择所产生的影响仍未得到充分探索。最近的研究通过比较有害突变的积累来衡量突变负荷,然而,这种方法在比较系统发育上密切相关的物种种群内部和种群之间时最为有效。在这里,我们引入了新的统计量 LDcor 及其标准化形式 nLDcor,它允许我们使用无相位基因型检测和比较不同物种间有害突变的全球连锁不平衡。这些统计量测量平均的成对标准化协方差,并根据等位基因的标准差对突变差异进行标准化,以反映选择强度。我们随后研究了七种哺乳动物基因组的选择强度。老虎表现出有害突变的过度分散,而大猩猩、大熊猫和金丝猴则表现出负的连锁不平衡。此外,受威胁哺乳动物中有害突变的分布也没有显示出一致的趋势。我们的研究结果表明,这些新开发的统计数据可以帮助我们了解濒危物种的遗传负担。
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引用次数: 0
STAG2 loss in Ewing sarcoma alters enhancer-promoter contacts dependent and independent of EWS::FLI1. 尤文肉瘤中 STAG2 的缺失会改变增强子-启动子接触,这种改变既依赖于 EWS::FLI1 也独立于 EWS::FLI1。
IF 6.5 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00303-6
Daniel Giménez-Llorente, Ana Cuadrado, María José Andreu, Inmaculada Sanclemente-Alamán, Maria Solé-Ferran, Miriam Rodríguez-Corsino, Ana Losada

Cohesin complexes carrying STAG1 or STAG2 organize the genome into chromatin loops. STAG2 loss-of-function mutations promote metastasis in Ewing sarcoma, a pediatric cancer driven by the fusion transcription factor EWS::FLI1. We integrated transcriptomic data from patients and cellular models to identify a STAG2-dependent gene signature associated with worse prognosis. Subsequent genomic profiling and high-resolution chromatin interaction data from Capture Hi-C indicated that cohesin-STAG2 facilitates communication between EWS::FLI1-bound long GGAA repeats, presumably acting as neoenhancers, and their target promoters. Changes in CTCF-dependent chromatin contacts involving signature genes, unrelated to EWS::FLI1 binding, were also identified. STAG1 is unable to compensate for STAG2 loss and chromatin-bound cohesin is severely decreased, while levels of the processivity factor NIPBL remain unchanged, likely affecting DNA looping dynamics. These results illuminate how STAG2 loss modifies the chromatin interactome of Ewing sarcoma cells and provide a list of potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

携带 STAG1 或 STAG2 的凝聚素复合物将基因组组织成染色质环。STAG2功能缺失突变可促进尤文肉瘤的转移,尤文肉瘤是一种由融合转录因子EWS::FLI1驱动的小儿癌症。我们整合了患者和细胞模型的转录组数据,确定了与预后恶化相关的 STAG2 依赖性基因特征。随后的基因组图谱分析和来自 Capture Hi-C 的高分辨率染色质相互作用数据表明,粘合素-STAG2 促进了 EWS::FLI1 结合的长 GGAA 重复序列(可能充当新增强子)与其目标启动子之间的交流。还发现了与 EWS::FLI1 结合无关的 CTCF 依赖性染色质接触的变化。STAG1 无法弥补 STAG2 的缺失,染色质结合的凝聚素严重减少,而加工因子 NIPBL 的水平保持不变,这可能会影响 DNA 循环动力学。这些结果阐明了STAG2缺失如何改变尤文肉瘤细胞的染色质相互作用组,并提供了潜在的生物标记物和治疗靶点列表。
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引用次数: 0
Dinoflagellate mRNA is pervasively modified with m1A. 甲藻 mRNA 普遍被 m1A 修饰。
IF 6.5 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-20 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00263-x
Jianheng Fox Liu, Samie R Jaffrey
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引用次数: 0
CHK1 controls zygote pronuclear envelope breakdown by regulating F-actin through interacting with MICAL3. CHK1 通过与 MICAL3 相互作用来调节 F-肌动蛋白,从而控制子代原核包膜的破裂。
IF 6.5 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00267-7
Honghui Zhang, Ying Cui, Bohan Yang, Zhenzhen Hou, Mengge Zhang, Wei Su, Tailai Chen, Yuehong Bian, Mei Li, Zi-Jiang Chen, Han Zhao, Shigang Zhao, Keliang Wu

CHK1 mutations could cause human zygote arrest at the pronuclei stage, a phenomenon that is not well understood at the molecular level. In this study, we conducted experiments where pre-pronuclei from zygotes with CHK1 mutation were transferred into the cytoplasm of normal enucleated fertilized eggs. This approach rescued the zygote arrest caused by the mutation, resulting in the production of a high-quality blastocyst. This suggests that CHK1 dysfunction primarily disrupts crucial biological processes occurring in the cytoplasm. Further investigation reveals that CHK1 mutants have an impact on the F-actin meshwork, leading to disturbances in pronuclear envelope breakdown. Through co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry analysis of around 6000 mouse zygotes, we identified an interaction between CHK1 and MICAL3, a key regulator of F-actin disassembly. The gain-of-function mutants of CHK1 enhance their interaction with MICAL3 and increase MICAL3 enzymatic activity, resulting in excessive depolymerization of F-actin. These findings shed light on the regulatory mechanism behind pronuclear envelope breakdown during the transition from meiosis to the first mitosis in mammals.

CHK1突变可导致人类子代在前核阶段停滞,但这一现象在分子水平上还不甚明了。在这项研究中,我们进行了实验,将来自CHK1突变子代的前单核转移到正常有核受精卵的细胞质中。这种方法挽救了突变导致的子代停滞,从而产生了高质量的囊胚。这表明,CHK1 功能障碍主要破坏了发生在细胞质中的关键生物过程。进一步的研究发现,CHK1 突变体对 F-肌动蛋白网状结构有影响,导致原核包膜破裂紊乱。通过对大约 6000 个小鼠胚胎进行共免疫沉淀和质谱分析,我们确定了 CHK1 与 F-肌动蛋白分解的关键调控因子 MICAL3 之间的相互作用。CHK1的功能增益突变体增强了与MICAL3的相互作用,提高了MICAL3的酶活性,导致F-肌动蛋白过度解聚。这些发现揭示了哺乳动物从减数分裂过渡到第一次有丝分裂期间代核包膜破裂背后的调控机制。
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引用次数: 0
Bacterial RNA sensing by TLR8 requires RNase 6 processing and is inhibited by RNA 2'O-methylation. TLR8 对细菌 RNA 的感应需要 RNase 6 处理,并受到 RNA 2'O- 甲基化的抑制。
IF 6.5 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00281-9
Ivanéia V Nunes, Luisa Breitenbach, Sarah Pawusch, Tatjana Eigenbrod, Swetha Ananth, Paulina Schad, Oliver T Fackler, Falk Butter, Alexander H Dalpke, Lan-Sun Chen

TLR8 senses single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) fragments, processed via cleavage by ribonuclease (RNase) T2 and RNase A family members. Processing by these RNases releases uridines and purine-terminated residues resulting in TLR8 activation. Monocytes show high expression of RNase 6, yet this RNase has not been analyzed for its physiological contribution to the recognition of bacterial RNA by TLR8. Here, we show a role for RNase 6 in TLR8 activation. BLaER1 cells, transdifferentiated into monocyte-like cells, as well as primary monocytes deficient for RNASE6 show a dampened TLR8-dependent response upon stimulation with isolated bacterial RNA (bRNA) and also upon infection with live bacteria. Pretreatment of bacterial RNA with recombinant RNase 6 generates fragments that induce TLR8 stimulation in RNase 6 knockout cells. 2'O-RNA methyl modification, when introduced at the first uridine in the UA dinucleotide, impairs processing by RNase 6 and dampens TLR8 stimulation. In summary, our data show that RNase 6 processes bacterial RNA and generates uridine-terminated breakdown products that activate TLR8.

TLR8 可感知单链 RNA(ssRNA)片段,这些片段通过核糖核酸酶(RNase)T2 和 RNase A 家族成员的裂解处理。这些 RN 的处理过程会释放出尿嘧啶和嘌呤末端残基,从而导致 TLR8 激活。单核细胞中 RNase 6 的表达量很高,但尚未分析这种 RNase 对 TLR8 识别细菌 RNA 的生理作用。在这里,我们展示了 RNase 6 在 TLR8 激活中的作用。经转分化成单核细胞样细胞的 BLaER1 细胞以及缺乏 RNASE6 的原代单核细胞在受到分离细菌 RNA(bRNA)刺激和感染活细菌时,都表现出抑制 TLR8 依赖性反应。用重组 RNase 6 预处理细菌 RNA 会产生片段,从而诱导 RNase 6 基因敲除细胞产生 TLR8 刺激。当在 UA 二核苷酸的第一个尿苷引入 2'O-RNA 甲基修饰时,会影响 RNase 6 的处理并抑制 TLR8 的刺激。总之,我们的数据表明,RNase 6 可处理细菌 RNA 并生成尿苷末端分解产物,从而激活 TLR8。
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引用次数: 0
Aspartyl proteases target host actin nucleator complex protein to limit epithelial innate immunity. 天冬氨酰蛋白酶以宿主肌动蛋白核聚体蛋白为靶标,限制上皮细胞的先天性免疫。
IF 6.5 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00270-y
Sandip Patra, Rupinder Kaur

Epithelial-immune cell communication is pivotal to control microbial infections. We show that glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked aspartyl proteases (Yapsins) of the human opportunistic pathogenic yeast Candida glabrata (Cg) thwart epithelial cell (EC)-neutrophil signalling by targeting the EC protein, Arpc1B (actin nucleator Arp2/3 complex subunit), which leads to actin disassembly and impeded IL-8 secretion by ECs. Further, the diminished IL-8 secretion inhibits neutrophil migration, and protects Cg from the neutrophil-mediated killing. CgYapsin-dependent Arpc1B degradation requires Arginine-142 in Arpc1B, and leads to reduced Arpc1B-p38 MAPK interaction and downregulated p38 signalling. Consistently, Arpc1B or p38 deletion promotes survival of the Cg aspartyl protease-deficient mutant in ECs. Importantly, kidneys of the protease-deficient mutant-infected mice display elevated immune cell infiltration and cytokine secretion, implicating CgYapsins in immune response suppression in vivo. Besides delineating Cg-EC interplay, our results uncover a novel target, Arpc1B, that pathogens attack to constrain the host signalling networks, and link Arpc1B mechanistically with p38 activation.

上皮细胞与免疫细胞之间的通讯是控制微生物感染的关键。我们的研究表明,人类机会致病酵母光滑念珠菌(Cg)的糖基磷脂酰肌醇连接天冬氨酰蛋白酶(Yapsins)通过靶向EC蛋白Arpc1B(肌动蛋白核聚体Arp2/3复合物亚基)阻断了上皮细胞(EC)-中性粒细胞的信号传导,从而导致肌动蛋白解体并阻碍EC分泌IL-8。此外,IL-8 分泌的减少抑制了中性粒细胞的迁移,并保护 Cg 免受中性粒细胞介导的杀伤。CgYapsin依赖的Arpc1B降解需要Arpc1B中的精氨酸-142,并导致Arpc1B-p38 MAPK相互作用减少和p38信号下调。一致的是,Arpc1B 或 p38 的缺失会促进 EC 中 Cg 天冬氨酰蛋白酶缺陷突变体的存活。重要的是,蛋白酶缺陷突变体感染小鼠的肾脏显示出免疫细胞浸润和细胞因子分泌增加,这表明 CgYapsins 与体内免疫反应抑制有关。除了描述 Cg-EC 相互作用外,我们的研究结果还发现了病原体攻击以限制宿主信号网络的新靶点 Arpc1B,并从机制上将 Arpc1B 与 p38 激活联系起来。
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引用次数: 0
Author Correction: LncRNA-PAGBC acts as a microRNA sponge and promotes gallbladder tumorigenesis. 作者更正:LncRNA-PAGBC 作为 microRNA 海绵促进胆囊肿瘤发生
IF 6.5 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00185-8
Xiang-Song Wu, Fang Wang, Huai-Feng Li, Yun-Ping Hu, Lin Jiang, Fei Zhang, Mao-Lan Li, Xu-An Wang, Yun-Peng Jin, Yi-Jian Zhang, Wei Lu, Wen-Guang Wu, Yi-Jun Shu, Hao Weng, Yang Cao, Run-Fa Bao, Hai-Bin Liang, Zheng Wang, Yi-Chi Zhang, Wei Gong, Lei Zheng, Shu-Han Sun, Ying-Bin Liu
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引用次数: 0
Circadian rhythms of macrophages are altered by the acidic tumor microenvironment. 酸性肿瘤微环境改变了巨噬细胞的昼夜节律。
IF 6.5 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00288-2
Amelia M Knudsen-Clark, Daniel Mwangi, Juliana Cazarin, Kristina Morris, Cameron Baker, Lauren M Hablitz, Matthew N McCall, Minsoo Kim, Brian J Altman

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are prime therapeutic targets due to their pro-tumorigenic functions, but varying efficacy of macrophage-targeting therapies highlights our incomplete understanding of how macrophages are regulated within the tumor microenvironment (TME). The circadian clock is a key regulator of macrophage function, but how circadian rhythms of macrophages are influenced by the TME remains unknown. Here, we show that conditions associated with the TME such as polarizing stimuli, acidic pH, and lactate can alter circadian rhythms in macrophages. While cyclic AMP (cAMP) has been reported to play a role in macrophage response to acidic pH, our results indicate pH-driven changes in circadian rhythms are not mediated solely by cAMP signaling. Remarkably, circadian disorder of TAMs was revealed by clock correlation distance analysis. Our data suggest that heterogeneity in circadian rhythms within the TAM population level may underlie this circadian disorder. Finally, we report that circadian regulation of macrophages suppresses tumor growth in a murine model of pancreatic cancer. Our work demonstrates a novel mechanism by which the TME influences macrophage biology through modulation of circadian rhythms.

肿瘤相关巨噬细胞(TAMs)具有促肿瘤生成的功能,因此是主要的治疗靶点,但巨噬细胞靶向疗法的疗效参差不齐,这凸显了我们对巨噬细胞如何在肿瘤微环境(TME)中受到调控的认识不全面。昼夜节律是巨噬细胞功能的关键调控因子,但巨噬细胞的昼夜节律如何受到肿瘤微环境的影响仍是未知数。在这里,我们展示了与肿瘤微环境相关的条件,如极化刺激、酸性 pH 值和乳酸盐能改变巨噬细胞的昼夜节律。据报道,环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)在巨噬细胞对酸性 pH 值的反应中发挥作用,但我们的研究结果表明,pH 值驱动的昼夜节律变化并非仅由 cAMP 信号介导。值得注意的是,时钟相关距离分析揭示了 TAMs 的昼夜节律紊乱。我们的数据表明,TAM 群体中昼夜节律的异质性可能是这种昼夜节律紊乱的原因。最后,我们报告了巨噬细胞的昼夜节律调节抑制了小鼠胰腺癌模型中的肿瘤生长。我们的工作展示了一种新的机制,即 TME 通过调节昼夜节律影响巨噬细胞的生物学特性。
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引用次数: 0
NS2 induces an influenza A RNA polymerase hexamer and acts as a transcription to replication switch. NS2 可诱导甲型流感 RNA 聚合酶六聚体,并充当转录到复制的开关。
IF 6.5 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00208-4
Junqing Sun, Lu Kuai, Lei Zhang, Yufeng Xie, Yanfang Zhang, Yan Li, Qi Peng, Yuekun Shao, Qiuxian Yang, Wen-Xia Tian, Junhao Zhu, Jianxun Qi, Yi Shi, Tao Deng, George F Gao

Genome transcription and replication of influenza A virus (FluA), catalyzed by viral RNA polymerase (FluAPol), are delicately controlled across the virus life cycle. A switch from transcription to replication occurring at later stage of an infection is critical for progeny virion production and viral non-structural protein NS2 has been implicated in regulating the switch. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms and the structure of NS2 remained elusive for years. Here, we determine the cryo-EM structure of the FluAPol-NS2 complex at ~3.0 Å resolution. Surprisingly, three domain-swapped NS2 dimers arrange three symmetrical FluPol dimers into a highly ordered barrel-like hexamer. Further structural and functional analyses demonstrate that NS2 binding not only hampers the interaction between FluAPol and the Pol II CTD because of steric conflicts, but also impairs FluAPol transcriptase activity by stalling it in the replicase conformation. Moreover, this is the first visualization of the full-length NS2 structure. Our findings uncover key molecular mechanisms of the FluA transcription-replication switch and have implications for the development of antivirals.

甲型流感病毒(FluA)的基因组转录和复制由病毒 RNA 聚合酶(FluAPol)催化,在整个病毒生命周期中受到微妙的控制。感染后期从转录到复制的转换对于后代病毒的产生至关重要,而病毒非结构蛋白 NS2 被认为参与了这一转换的调控。然而,NS2 的潜在调控机制和结构多年来一直未被发现。在这里,我们以 ~3.0 Å 的分辨率确定了 FluAPol-NS2 复合物的冷冻电镜结构。令人惊讶的是,三个结构域互换的 NS2 二聚体将三个对称的 FluPol 二聚体排列成一个高度有序的桶状六聚体。进一步的结构和功能分析表明,由于立体冲突,NS2 的结合不仅阻碍了 FluAPol 与 Pol II CTD 之间的相互作用,而且还使 FluAPol 在复制酶构象中停滞,从而损害了它的转录酶活性。此外,这是首次可视化的全长 NS2 结构。我们的发现揭示了 FluA 转录-复制转换的关键分子机制,对开发抗病毒药物具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
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