M. Abdalla, El-Sayed M. El-Mahdy, S. Mansour, S. Elsonbaty, Menna Hussien
Background and objective Nanotechnology affords a new valuable field for the preparation of intrinsic nano anticancer drugs through green synthesis of plant active extracts supported with gallium nanoparticles (GaNPs) to provide us with a new Ga form of treatment with lower toxicity risk. The current study aimed at evaluation of a new GaNP form with grape seed extract as an anticancer agent against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in rats. Moreover, the effect of the exposure to a low dose of γ-radiation on the treatment and prevention of tumor was studied. Materials and methods The cytotoxic effect was measured against the HepG2 tumor cell line. An experimental design was optimized using 80 Wistar male rats (120−150 g) divided into eight groups, with 10 rats each. The animals are administered with diethylnitrosamine to induce HCC and then orally administered with a dose of 38.5 mg/kg from the GaNPs in combination with the exposure of the total body to a low dose of γ-radiation (0.5 Gy). Result and conclusion The combination of GaNPs/γ-radiation demonstrated significant cytotoxicity against HepG2 cell line with an IC50 of 388.8 µg/ml. Moreover, the results indicated normal structures in the liver architecture, and the conventional biochemical assays showed significant depletion in lipid peroxide, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase activities and creatinine levels. Additionally, there was a significant increase for the antioxidant state parameter in the form of a pronounced reduction of glutathione level. The ameliorative effect of the treatment was well appreciated by the histopathological alteration results. Therefore, it can be concluded that GaNPs/γ-radiation can serve as a good therapeutic agent for the treatment of HCC that ought to attract more studies.
背景与目的纳米技术通过支持纳米镓的植物活性提取物(gannps)的绿色合成为制备内在纳米抗癌药物提供了一个新的有价值的领域，为我们提供了一种低毒性风险的新型镓治疗形式。本研究旨在评价葡萄籽提取物的GaNP新形态对大鼠肝细胞癌(HCC)的抗癌作用。此外，还研究了低剂量γ辐射照射对肿瘤的治疗和预防作用。材料与方法对HepG2肿瘤细胞系进行细胞毒作用测定。采用120 ~ 150 g Wistar雄性大鼠80只，随机分为8组，每组10只，优化实验设计。用二乙基亚硝胺诱导小鼠肝细胞癌，然后用38.5 mg/kg剂量的甘肽口服，同时全身暴露于低剂量γ辐射(0.5 Gy)。结果与结论甘肽/γ辐射联合作用对HepG2细胞具有明显的细胞毒性，IC50为388.8µg/ml。此外，结果显示肝脏结构正常，常规生化分析显示脂质过氧化、丙氨酸转氨酶、天冬氨酸转氨酶活性和肌酐水平明显降低。此外，抗氧化状态参数显著增加，表现为谷胱甘肽水平显著降低。组织病理学改变结果表明，治疗的改善效果得到了很好的认可。因此，可以得出结论，GaNPs/γ-辐射可以作为一种治疗HCC的良好药物，值得进一步研究。
{"title":"Anticancer redox action of gallium nanoparticles combined with a low dosage of γ-radiation against hepatocellular carcinoma in male rats","authors":"M. Abdalla, El-Sayed M. El-Mahdy, S. Mansour, S. Elsonbaty, Menna Hussien","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_65_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_65_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective Nanotechnology affords a new valuable field for the preparation of intrinsic nano anticancer drugs through green synthesis of plant active extracts supported with gallium nanoparticles (GaNPs) to provide us with a new Ga form of treatment with lower toxicity risk. The current study aimed at evaluation of a new GaNP form with grape seed extract as an anticancer agent against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in rats. Moreover, the effect of the exposure to a low dose of γ-radiation on the treatment and prevention of tumor was studied. Materials and methods The cytotoxic effect was measured against the HepG2 tumor cell line. An experimental design was optimized using 80 Wistar male rats (120−150 g) divided into eight groups, with 10 rats each. The animals are administered with diethylnitrosamine to induce HCC and then orally administered with a dose of 38.5 mg/kg from the GaNPs in combination with the exposure of the total body to a low dose of γ-radiation (0.5 Gy). Result and conclusion The combination of GaNPs/γ-radiation demonstrated significant cytotoxicity against HepG2 cell line with an IC50 of 388.8 µg/ml. Moreover, the results indicated normal structures in the liver architecture, and the conventional biochemical assays showed significant depletion in lipid peroxide, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase activities and creatinine levels. Additionally, there was a significant increase for the antioxidant state parameter in the form of a pronounced reduction of glutathione level. The ameliorative effect of the treatment was well appreciated by the histopathological alteration results. Therefore, it can be concluded that GaNPs/γ-radiation can serve as a good therapeutic agent for the treatment of HCC that ought to attract more studies.","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"328 - 337"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48870356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abdullin Kh, A. Attallah, N. Abdel-Aziz, Bigad E. Khalil
Background and objective In this work, isolation, identification (morphological and chemical), and molecular characterization were done of local isolates of some pectinase-producing microorganisms such as bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, and yeast. Materials and methods A total of 22 local bacterial isolates were obtained from various sources and were assayed for pectinolytic activity after optimization of conditions for pectinase production. Isolate no. 19 showed the highest pectinase-specific activity (6.73 U/ml) on glucose-supplemented medium, whereas isolate no. 5 gave the lowest pectinase productivity (3.21 U/ml). The identification of isolate no. 19 revealed that it belonged to the genus Bacillus based on morphological and biochemical characteristics. Based on molecular identification (16 S rRNA technique), isolate no. 19 was named Bacillus sp. strain NRBANKI-4 (with 99% similarity), with Gene Bank accession number OM540351. Results and conclusion A total of 14 local actinomycete isolates were obtained from soil samples. Isolate no. 13 showed the highest pectinase-specific activity (6.48 U/ml), whereas sample no. 10 gave the lowest pectinase-specific activity (3.07 U/ml). Based on molecular identification (16 S rRNA technique), isolate no. 13 was named Streptomyces sp. KP 12 (90.63% similarity), with Gene Bank accession number OM403596. A total of 10 fungal isolates were obtained from crop waste soil. Isolate no. 2 gave the highest pectinase productivity (21.20 U/ml). Based on molecular identification (internal transcribed spacer-PCR technique), isolate no. 2 was named Aspergillus niger F8121 (99.47% similarity), with Gene Bank accession number OM392061. Following the same trend, 10 yeast isolates were isolated from crop waste soil. The isolate that gave the highest pectinase productivity was no. 7, which gave 22.03 U/ml. The isolate that gave the lowest was no. 9 (20.74 U/ml). Isolate no. 7 was named Pichia barkeri Y1 (90.91% similarity), with Gene Bank accession number OM392066.
{"title":"Isolation, screening, and molecular identification of pectinase producers from fruits, vegetables, and soil samples","authors":"Abdullin Kh, A. Attallah, N. Abdel-Aziz, Bigad E. Khalil","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_39_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_39_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective In this work, isolation, identification (morphological and chemical), and molecular characterization were done of local isolates of some pectinase-producing microorganisms such as bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, and yeast. Materials and methods A total of 22 local bacterial isolates were obtained from various sources and were assayed for pectinolytic activity after optimization of conditions for pectinase production. Isolate no. 19 showed the highest pectinase-specific activity (6.73 U/ml) on glucose-supplemented medium, whereas isolate no. 5 gave the lowest pectinase productivity (3.21 U/ml). The identification of isolate no. 19 revealed that it belonged to the genus Bacillus based on morphological and biochemical characteristics. Based on molecular identification (16 S rRNA technique), isolate no. 19 was named Bacillus sp. strain NRBANKI-4 (with 99% similarity), with Gene Bank accession number OM540351. Results and conclusion A total of 14 local actinomycete isolates were obtained from soil samples. Isolate no. 13 showed the highest pectinase-specific activity (6.48 U/ml), whereas sample no. 10 gave the lowest pectinase-specific activity (3.07 U/ml). Based on molecular identification (16 S rRNA technique), isolate no. 13 was named Streptomyces sp. KP 12 (90.63% similarity), with Gene Bank accession number OM403596. A total of 10 fungal isolates were obtained from crop waste soil. Isolate no. 2 gave the highest pectinase productivity (21.20 U/ml). Based on molecular identification (internal transcribed spacer-PCR technique), isolate no. 2 was named Aspergillus niger F8121 (99.47% similarity), with Gene Bank accession number OM392061. Following the same trend, 10 yeast isolates were isolated from crop waste soil. The isolate that gave the highest pectinase productivity was no. 7, which gave 22.03 U/ml. The isolate that gave the lowest was no. 9 (20.74 U/ml). Isolate no. 7 was named Pichia barkeri Y1 (90.91% similarity), with Gene Bank accession number OM392066.","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"302 - 311"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46361948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and objectives Aphids are cosmopolitan pests that feed on a wide range of host plants from different botanical families. Aphids have developed resistance to several groups of synthetic insecticides. Because of their antimicrobial, antiviral, and insect-repellent properties, essential oils extracted from medicinal plants are excellent sources of various bioactive compounds. Formulation of essential oils as emulsifiable concentrate (EC) and nanoemulsion (NE) could help to enhance their bioavailability. Materials and methods The insecticidal activity of essential oils derived from two medicinal plants, namely, Proserpinaca palustris L. and Terminalia chebula Retz., was evaluated against black bean aphid, Aphis fabae (Scop.), under laboratory and semifield conditions. The essential oils from both plants were synthesized as EC and NE formulations to enhance their insecticidal efficacy. The stability of ECs and droplet size of NEs were assessed. The toxicity of ECs in comparison with NEs was evaluated against A. fabae adults. Moreover, the biochemical efficacy of the two essential oils on the activity of acetylcholinesterase and glutathione S-transferase enzymes of A. fabae was studied. Results and conclusion In laboratory bioassay, both ECs and NEs of selected oils displayed significant toxicity in controlling A. fabae, with lethal concentration values (LC50) for P. palustris EC and NE being 0.59 and 0.50%, respectively. Moreover, LC50 for T. chebula EC and NE was 0.65 and 0.78%, respectively. The bulk essential oils showed less toxic activity against A. fabae adults, with LC50 of 0.68 and 1.16% for P. palustris and T. chebula bulk forms, respectively. Under semifield conditions, EC of P. palustris and T. chebula at LC90 and LC90x3 exhibited greatly lethal effects for aphid adults compared with NE formulations. Both formulations (ECs and NEs) significantly increased the reduction percent of acetylcholinesterase and glutathione S-transferase enzymes of the treated aphid adults. Our results suggest that EC and NE formulations from P. palustris and T. chebula enhanced the insecticidal toxicity of the selected oils and could be used to effectively control A. fabae adults.
{"title":"Aphicidal and biochemical effects of emulsifiable concentrate and nanoemulsion of two selected essential oils against black bean aphid, Aphis fabae (Scop.)","authors":"H. Metwally, S. Ibrahim, E. Sammour","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_40_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_40_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objectives Aphids are cosmopolitan pests that feed on a wide range of host plants from different botanical families. Aphids have developed resistance to several groups of synthetic insecticides. Because of their antimicrobial, antiviral, and insect-repellent properties, essential oils extracted from medicinal plants are excellent sources of various bioactive compounds. Formulation of essential oils as emulsifiable concentrate (EC) and nanoemulsion (NE) could help to enhance their bioavailability. Materials and methods The insecticidal activity of essential oils derived from two medicinal plants, namely, Proserpinaca palustris L. and Terminalia chebula Retz., was evaluated against black bean aphid, Aphis fabae (Scop.), under laboratory and semifield conditions. The essential oils from both plants were synthesized as EC and NE formulations to enhance their insecticidal efficacy. The stability of ECs and droplet size of NEs were assessed. The toxicity of ECs in comparison with NEs was evaluated against A. fabae adults. Moreover, the biochemical efficacy of the two essential oils on the activity of acetylcholinesterase and glutathione S-transferase enzymes of A. fabae was studied. Results and conclusion In laboratory bioassay, both ECs and NEs of selected oils displayed significant toxicity in controlling A. fabae, with lethal concentration values (LC50) for P. palustris EC and NE being 0.59 and 0.50%, respectively. Moreover, LC50 for T. chebula EC and NE was 0.65 and 0.78%, respectively. The bulk essential oils showed less toxic activity against A. fabae adults, with LC50 of 0.68 and 1.16% for P. palustris and T. chebula bulk forms, respectively. Under semifield conditions, EC of P. palustris and T. chebula at LC90 and LC90x3 exhibited greatly lethal effects for aphid adults compared with NE formulations. Both formulations (ECs and NEs) significantly increased the reduction percent of acetylcholinesterase and glutathione S-transferase enzymes of the treated aphid adults. Our results suggest that EC and NE formulations from P. palustris and T. chebula enhanced the insecticidal toxicity of the selected oils and could be used to effectively control A. fabae adults.","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"318 - 327"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45812070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background The identification of naturally occurring bacteria with lignin-oxidizing enzymes would be significant. Several species of filamentous bacteria belonging to the genus Streptomyces (Actinomycetes) have been identified as degraders of lignin. Such species play the most important role in biodegradation of lignin. Objective This study aimed to isolate and discover promising isolates and ideal conditions for lignin peroxidase (LiP) production as well as 16S-rRNA identification of the ligninolytic bacterial strains. Materials and methods Lignin was isolated and purified from black wood liquor. The ligninolytic bacterial colonies were isolated from three types of soil farms (F1, F2, and F3) from Jeddah, KSA. Fermentation medium (FM) was used for screening of lignin-degrading bacteria after dilution of the soil sample using lignin (0.1% v/v). The FM medium was supplemented with 50 mg/l of Azure B and toluidine dyes and 100 mg/l of tannic acid. FM was used without any supplements and agar for isolation of lignin-degrading bacteria after dilution of the soil samples. Different concentrations of lignin (0.1–0.9%) were applied to optimize LiP production by the selected strains under different temperatures (30, 35, 40, and 45°C); different pH values (7, 7.5, 8.0, and 8.5); eight different carbon sources (0.1%, w/v), such as glucose, fructose, xylose, lactose, sucrose, carboxymethyl cellulose, and xylan; and four organic sources (0.1%, w/v), such as peptone, meat extract, sodium nitrate, and potassium nitrate. The enzyme productivity was evaluated in the culture supernatant. The bacterial strain genomic DNA was extracted from pure culture isolated from soil and subjected to amplification and sequencing of 16 S ribosomal RNA gene. Results and discussion Nine ligninolytic bacterial colonies that excrete peroxidases based on the use of lignin (as sole carbon source) were isolated from three types of soil farms (F1, F2, and F3) from Jeddah, KSA, and the promising isolates and the optimum conditions for LiP production using FM under three incubation periods were evaluated. Two most active isolates for production of LiP belonging to Actinomycetes and Bacilli designated (R-St-1 and R-B-1) were identified using 16S-rRNA. Results showed that the highest LiP producer was Streptomyces R-St-1 isolate (3.8 U/ml) followed by Bacilli R-B-1 isolate (2.4 U/ml) after 3 days of fermentation. Different concentrations of lignin (0.1–0.9%) were tested for their effect on LiP production by Streptomyces R-St-1. As lignin concentration increased, LiP production increased, and the maximum productivity of 4.9 U.mL−1 was observed at 0.5% lignin after which the LiP production was decreased. At the ideal temperature recorded of 35°C and at the optimum pH of 7.5, the production of LiP rose significantly (4.6 U.mL-1 and 4.0 U.mL-1).Various carbon sources were examined for LiP production, and glucose was shown to be the best option for producing a high yield of LiP by Streptomyces R
{"title":"Isolation and molecular identification of lignin peroxidase-producing bacterial isolates from Jeddah City","authors":"Reem Batayyib, N. Al-Twaty, O. El-Hamshary","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_49_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_49_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background The identification of naturally occurring bacteria with lignin-oxidizing enzymes would be significant. Several species of filamentous bacteria belonging to the genus Streptomyces (Actinomycetes) have been identified as degraders of lignin. Such species play the most important role in biodegradation of lignin. Objective This study aimed to isolate and discover promising isolates and ideal conditions for lignin peroxidase (LiP) production as well as 16S-rRNA identification of the ligninolytic bacterial strains. Materials and methods Lignin was isolated and purified from black wood liquor. The ligninolytic bacterial colonies were isolated from three types of soil farms (F1, F2, and F3) from Jeddah, KSA. Fermentation medium (FM) was used for screening of lignin-degrading bacteria after dilution of the soil sample using lignin (0.1% v/v). The FM medium was supplemented with 50 mg/l of Azure B and toluidine dyes and 100 mg/l of tannic acid. FM was used without any supplements and agar for isolation of lignin-degrading bacteria after dilution of the soil samples. Different concentrations of lignin (0.1–0.9%) were applied to optimize LiP production by the selected strains under different temperatures (30, 35, 40, and 45°C); different pH values (7, 7.5, 8.0, and 8.5); eight different carbon sources (0.1%, w/v), such as glucose, fructose, xylose, lactose, sucrose, carboxymethyl cellulose, and xylan; and four organic sources (0.1%, w/v), such as peptone, meat extract, sodium nitrate, and potassium nitrate. The enzyme productivity was evaluated in the culture supernatant. The bacterial strain genomic DNA was extracted from pure culture isolated from soil and subjected to amplification and sequencing of 16 S ribosomal RNA gene. Results and discussion Nine ligninolytic bacterial colonies that excrete peroxidases based on the use of lignin (as sole carbon source) were isolated from three types of soil farms (F1, F2, and F3) from Jeddah, KSA, and the promising isolates and the optimum conditions for LiP production using FM under three incubation periods were evaluated. Two most active isolates for production of LiP belonging to Actinomycetes and Bacilli designated (R-St-1 and R-B-1) were identified using 16S-rRNA. Results showed that the highest LiP producer was Streptomyces R-St-1 isolate (3.8 U/ml) followed by Bacilli R-B-1 isolate (2.4 U/ml) after 3 days of fermentation. Different concentrations of lignin (0.1–0.9%) were tested for their effect on LiP production by Streptomyces R-St-1. As lignin concentration increased, LiP production increased, and the maximum productivity of 4.9 U.mL−1 was observed at 0.5% lignin after which the LiP production was decreased. At the ideal temperature recorded of 35°C and at the optimum pH of 7.5, the production of LiP rose significantly (4.6 U.mL-1 and 4.0 U.mL-1).Various carbon sources were examined for LiP production, and glucose was shown to be the best option for producing a high yield of LiP by Streptomyces R","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"338 - 346"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42379770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Atwa, M. Wahba, D. Maany, H. Awad, Mohamed I. Abo-Alkasem, H. El-Masry, Mai Amer, A. El-diwany
Background In a previous study, a lactic acid bacterium, Enterococcus faecium, was locally isolated from Egyptian soil and its ability to inhibit the growth of a test phytopathogen was proven. Objective The study was performed to assess the ability of the tested strain to grow on different media. The produced antifungal agent was investigated. Finally, the strain was encapsulated within different biopolymers to increase its viability. Materials and methods Several byproducts were tested and compared with the standard De Man-Rogosa-Sharpe medium. The antifungal activity was tested using the poisoned food technique. Chromatographic analysis of the fermentation medium was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography. Production of chitinase was confirmed by cultivating the test strain on chitin and estimating the amount of reducing sugars using the Somogyi method. The E. faecium cells were also encapsulated within soy protein isolate-alginate beads, gellan gum discs, and carboxymethyl cellulose beads. Results and conclusion The strain was able to grow on all of the tested byproducts and exerted a potent antifungal activity against Fusarium solani, especially when a very economic medium, mainly composed of whey, was used. High-performance liquid chromatography results confirmed the production of a number of organic acids that contributed in the inhibition of the fungal growth. The study also proved the production of chitinase enzymes, which apparently altered the chitinous layer present in the cell wall of F. solani, causing disintegration of the fungal cells. It was also shown that encapsulation of E. faecium increased its viability in soil as compared with the free uncapsulated strain.
{"title":"Lactic acid bacteria: economic propagation, chitinases activity, and enhancing viability by gel encapsulation","authors":"N. Atwa, M. Wahba, D. Maany, H. Awad, Mohamed I. Abo-Alkasem, H. El-Masry, Mai Amer, A. El-diwany","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_50_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_50_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background In a previous study, a lactic acid bacterium, Enterococcus faecium, was locally isolated from Egyptian soil and its ability to inhibit the growth of a test phytopathogen was proven. Objective The study was performed to assess the ability of the tested strain to grow on different media. The produced antifungal agent was investigated. Finally, the strain was encapsulated within different biopolymers to increase its viability. Materials and methods Several byproducts were tested and compared with the standard De Man-Rogosa-Sharpe medium. The antifungal activity was tested using the poisoned food technique. Chromatographic analysis of the fermentation medium was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography. Production of chitinase was confirmed by cultivating the test strain on chitin and estimating the amount of reducing sugars using the Somogyi method. The E. faecium cells were also encapsulated within soy protein isolate-alginate beads, gellan gum discs, and carboxymethyl cellulose beads. Results and conclusion The strain was able to grow on all of the tested byproducts and exerted a potent antifungal activity against Fusarium solani, especially when a very economic medium, mainly composed of whey, was used. High-performance liquid chromatography results confirmed the production of a number of organic acids that contributed in the inhibition of the fungal growth. The study also proved the production of chitinase enzymes, which apparently altered the chitinous layer present in the cell wall of F. solani, causing disintegration of the fungal cells. It was also shown that encapsulation of E. faecium increased its viability in soil as compared with the free uncapsulated strain.","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"347 - 359"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44954738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Kandra, A. Varghese, P. Uppala, Y. Vangoori, Upendra Uttaravelli, S. Venkata Saibaba, Butti Lavanya
Fixed drug eruption (FDE) is a distinct, delayed type-IV hypersensitivity manifesting as recurring cutaneous reaction (on skin or mucosa) in the same locations on re-exposure to the offending drug. This is most commonly due to oral medications, antimicrobials and NSAIDs being the most common culprits. Herein, we discuss six cases of bullous FDE due to diverse NSAIDs. The first case was Naproxen-induced bullous fixed drug eruption (BFDE), the second case was due to Etoricoxib, the third patient had Mefenamic acid-induced BFDE, the fourth was Ibuprofen-induced FDE, the fifth one was Diclofenac-induced BFDE, the sixth was Aceclofenac-induced BFDE, and the seventh was a case of paracetamol-induced BFDE. All these patients noticed skin reactions that were clinically diagnosed by the dermatologist as NSAID-induced BFDE. The mainstay of treatment adopted was to avoid the culprit drug. All the seven patients were treated with oral steroids, followed by antihistaminics for reducing FDE-associated pruritus, ointment soframycin, and topical steroids for hyperpigmented lesions. Prompt diagnosis of BFDE and drug withdrawal at the clinician side may help in rapid resolution of the reaction within days to delayed recovery within few weeks, thus preventing rise in morbidity and mortality.
{"title":"Bullous fixed drug eruptions consequent to NSAID usage − a case series","authors":"N. Kandra, A. Varghese, P. Uppala, Y. Vangoori, Upendra Uttaravelli, S. Venkata Saibaba, Butti Lavanya","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_25_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_25_22","url":null,"abstract":"Fixed drug eruption (FDE) is a distinct, delayed type-IV hypersensitivity manifesting as recurring cutaneous reaction (on skin or mucosa) in the same locations on re-exposure to the offending drug. This is most commonly due to oral medications, antimicrobials and NSAIDs being the most common culprits. Herein, we discuss six cases of bullous FDE due to diverse NSAIDs. The first case was Naproxen-induced bullous fixed drug eruption (BFDE), the second case was due to Etoricoxib, the third patient had Mefenamic acid-induced BFDE, the fourth was Ibuprofen-induced FDE, the fifth one was Diclofenac-induced BFDE, the sixth was Aceclofenac-induced BFDE, and the seventh was a case of paracetamol-induced BFDE. All these patients noticed skin reactions that were clinically diagnosed by the dermatologist as NSAID-induced BFDE. The mainstay of treatment adopted was to avoid the culprit drug. All the seven patients were treated with oral steroids, followed by antihistaminics for reducing FDE-associated pruritus, ointment soframycin, and topical steroids for hyperpigmented lesions. Prompt diagnosis of BFDE and drug withdrawal at the clinician side may help in rapid resolution of the reaction within days to delayed recovery within few weeks, thus preventing rise in morbidity and mortality.","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"395 - 400"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44100167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Senjuti Majumder, Hossain Abu Hanif, I. Bulbul, Z. Ahmed, Md. Rajdoula Rafe
Background Combretum indicum (locally known as Basantilata) is a notable medicinal plant belonging to the family Combretaceae. Extracts collected from leaves of this plant have activities including antibacterial, antipyretic, and antidiarrheal activities. Objective This study was designed to evaluate the crude methanolic leaf extract of C. indicum (MLCI) to evaluate its activities in hyperglycemic and dyslipidemic rats. Materials and methods In-vivo antidiabetic and antidyslipidemic activities of the extract were studied in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat models following the standard protocol established earlier. The rats were randomly divided into groups I–V as normal control, diabetic control, metformin, MLCI 250 mg/kg, and MLCI 500 mg/kg body weight, respectively. Results and conclusion The in-vivo studies indicated concentration-dependent and significant (P<0.05, 0.01, 0.001) reductions of elevated blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels in the treatment groups compared with diabetes-induced control group. Simultaneously, a significant (P<0.001) rise in high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol level was also observed in the study. The results revealed the advantageous roles of the MLCI in the management of diabetes mellitus.
{"title":"In-vivo antidiabetic and antidyslipidemic effects of methanolic leaf extract of Combretum indicum in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats","authors":"Senjuti Majumder, Hossain Abu Hanif, I. Bulbul, Z. Ahmed, Md. Rajdoula Rafe","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_16_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_16_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background Combretum indicum (locally known as Basantilata) is a notable medicinal plant belonging to the family Combretaceae. Extracts collected from leaves of this plant have activities including antibacterial, antipyretic, and antidiarrheal activities. Objective This study was designed to evaluate the crude methanolic leaf extract of C. indicum (MLCI) to evaluate its activities in hyperglycemic and dyslipidemic rats. Materials and methods In-vivo antidiabetic and antidyslipidemic activities of the extract were studied in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat models following the standard protocol established earlier. The rats were randomly divided into groups I–V as normal control, diabetic control, metformin, MLCI 250 mg/kg, and MLCI 500 mg/kg body weight, respectively. Results and conclusion The in-vivo studies indicated concentration-dependent and significant (P<0.05, 0.01, 0.001) reductions of elevated blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels in the treatment groups compared with diabetes-induced control group. Simultaneously, a significant (P<0.001) rise in high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol level was also observed in the study. The results revealed the advantageous roles of the MLCI in the management of diabetes mellitus.","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"312 - 317"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48725895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Ghanem, H. Mabrok, Sameh Shedeed, W. Abd El-Wahab, W. Shakweer, M. Mohamed, E. ElSabaawy
Background Using natural compounds as additives in livestock nutrition could be a new goal in livestock production. Milk thistle extract is rich in bioactive compounds such as silymarin, which act as a strong antioxidant agent. Objective The current study aimed to investigate the metabolic profile, oxidative statue, and immune response after milk thistle extract administration in goats during the peripartum period. Materials and methods Multiparous pregnant Egyptian Nubian goats (n=16) were allocated into four experimental groups. The first group was kept as the control group. The second group was administrated milk thistle extract (10 g/day), whereas third and fourth groups were administrated 20 and 30 g/day for 4 months, respectively. Blood biochemical parameters were measured using colorimetric and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Gene expressions of antioxidant genes [catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD1, SOD2), glutathione peroxidase (GPX1), and peroxiredoxin 2] and transcription factor (nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2) were evaluated using quantitative real-time PCR. Results and conclusion Biochemical parameters (total protein, glucose, total lipids, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, urea, creatinine, triiodothyronine, and thyroxine) in plasma of groups administrated with milk thistle extract did not significantly differ compared with the control group. Milk thistle extract at high levels (20 and 30 g/day) significantly increased the level of activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and GPX), total antioxidant capacity, and total immunoglobulin in cases compared with the control group. Moreover, milk thistle extract (20 or 30 g/day) significantly decreased the level of malondialdehyde (lipid peroxidation biomarker) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (inflammatory biomarker) in cases compared with the control group. The results indicated a significant increase in transcript abundance of CAT, GPX1, and SOD1 mRNA in the three groups administrated with milk thistle extract compared with the control group. However, mRNA expressions of SOD2, peroxiredoxin 2, and nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 were significantly up-regulated after administration with milk thistle extract at high levels (20 and 30 g/day). Milk thistle extract exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune-modulator effects during pregnancy and lactation in goat and maintained normal physiological functions.
{"title":"Physiological, molecular, and immune responses to milk thistle extract administration in goats during peripartum period","authors":"N. Ghanem, H. Mabrok, Sameh Shedeed, W. Abd El-Wahab, W. Shakweer, M. Mohamed, E. ElSabaawy","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_55_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_55_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background Using natural compounds as additives in livestock nutrition could be a new goal in livestock production. Milk thistle extract is rich in bioactive compounds such as silymarin, which act as a strong antioxidant agent. Objective The current study aimed to investigate the metabolic profile, oxidative statue, and immune response after milk thistle extract administration in goats during the peripartum period. Materials and methods Multiparous pregnant Egyptian Nubian goats (n=16) were allocated into four experimental groups. The first group was kept as the control group. The second group was administrated milk thistle extract (10 g/day), whereas third and fourth groups were administrated 20 and 30 g/day for 4 months, respectively. Blood biochemical parameters were measured using colorimetric and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Gene expressions of antioxidant genes [catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD1, SOD2), glutathione peroxidase (GPX1), and peroxiredoxin 2] and transcription factor (nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2) were evaluated using quantitative real-time PCR. Results and conclusion Biochemical parameters (total protein, glucose, total lipids, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, urea, creatinine, triiodothyronine, and thyroxine) in plasma of groups administrated with milk thistle extract did not significantly differ compared with the control group. Milk thistle extract at high levels (20 and 30 g/day) significantly increased the level of activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and GPX), total antioxidant capacity, and total immunoglobulin in cases compared with the control group. Moreover, milk thistle extract (20 or 30 g/day) significantly decreased the level of malondialdehyde (lipid peroxidation biomarker) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (inflammatory biomarker) in cases compared with the control group. The results indicated a significant increase in transcript abundance of CAT, GPX1, and SOD1 mRNA in the three groups administrated with milk thistle extract compared with the control group. However, mRNA expressions of SOD2, peroxiredoxin 2, and nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 were significantly up-regulated after administration with milk thistle extract at high levels (20 and 30 g/day). Milk thistle extract exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune-modulator effects during pregnancy and lactation in goat and maintained normal physiological functions.","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"376 - 384"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49029383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Walid Bakeer, Mohamed Amer, W. Hozayen, N. Kotb, Marwa H. A. Hassan
Background L-asparaginase is an enzyme with very high biological activity owing to its activity on several tumor cells. It is mainly used to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The complicated immunogenic adverse effects of present microbial sources present a need for switching to natural novel sources that have no immunogenic effect and better activity of L-asparaginase, so screening for other sources of L-asparaginase, like marine bacteria, may result in an enzyme having fewer adverse effects. Objective To screen and identify marine eco-friendly and potent L-asparaginase-producing bacteria, having a novel immunological property that possibly will avoid hypersensitivity. Materials and methods In the present study, bacterial strains were screened for extracellular L-asparaginase production from marine isolates, identified by 16 s rDNA technology, and L-asparaginase productivity was assessed using semiquantitative and quantitative enzymatic assays. The antiproliferative effect of the partially purified enzyme on different tumor human cell lines [HepG-2 (human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line), MCF-7 (breast cancer cell line), and PC-3 (prostate carcinoma cell line)] was assessed by the mitochondrial-dependent reduction of yellow MTT. Results and conclusion Bacillus safensis was established as the bacterial strain (Gene Bank accession number: MK541039). The extracellular enzyme-yielding capacity of the isolate B. safensis (518 IU/ml) was found to be 4.18 times higher than Bacillus pumilus (157.03 IU/ml) and higher than Bacillus circulans species (85 IU/ml). The marine isolate is environmentally friendly and can be used to produce significant quantities of extracellular L-asparaginase for the treatment of a variety of tumors and preparation of acrylamide-free fry food.
{"title":"Isolation of asparaginase-producing microorganisms and evaluation of the enzymatic antitumor activity","authors":"Walid Bakeer, Mohamed Amer, W. Hozayen, N. Kotb, Marwa H. A. Hassan","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_11_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_11_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background L-asparaginase is an enzyme with very high biological activity owing to its activity on several tumor cells. It is mainly used to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The complicated immunogenic adverse effects of present microbial sources present a need for switching to natural novel sources that have no immunogenic effect and better activity of L-asparaginase, so screening for other sources of L-asparaginase, like marine bacteria, may result in an enzyme having fewer adverse effects. Objective To screen and identify marine eco-friendly and potent L-asparaginase-producing bacteria, having a novel immunological property that possibly will avoid hypersensitivity. Materials and methods In the present study, bacterial strains were screened for extracellular L-asparaginase production from marine isolates, identified by 16 s rDNA technology, and L-asparaginase productivity was assessed using semiquantitative and quantitative enzymatic assays. The antiproliferative effect of the partially purified enzyme on different tumor human cell lines [HepG-2 (human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line), MCF-7 (breast cancer cell line), and PC-3 (prostate carcinoma cell line)] was assessed by the mitochondrial-dependent reduction of yellow MTT. Results and conclusion Bacillus safensis was established as the bacterial strain (Gene Bank accession number: MK541039). The extracellular enzyme-yielding capacity of the isolate B. safensis (518 IU/ml) was found to be 4.18 times higher than Bacillus pumilus (157.03 IU/ml) and higher than Bacillus circulans species (85 IU/ml). The marine isolate is environmentally friendly and can be used to produce significant quantities of extracellular L-asparaginase for the treatment of a variety of tumors and preparation of acrylamide-free fry food.","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"282 - 292"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48016664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Bello, Faith Lebi, T. Bello, Yinka D. Oluwafemi
Context Medicinal plants have long been used as a source of therapeutic agents worldwide, and herbal medicines have increasingly been employed in the treatment of diseases. Alternanthera repens is one of the underexploited plant species for its antimicrobial potentials. Aims This study aimed at investigating the antibacterial efficacy of the leaf and stem ethanolic extracts of A. repens and honey against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Materials and methods The phytochemical analyses were performed on ethanolic plant extracts using the universal laboratory techniques for qualitative and quantitative determination. The agar-well diffusion method was used for the in-vitro antibacterial bioassay. The antibacterial activities of the honeys, ethanolic leaf and stem extracts, and antibiotics were compared. The minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimum bactericidal concentrations of the honeys and extracts were determined. Statistical analysis used The students' t-test was employed to determine the significant differences between the phytochemical constituents in the extracts and also the antibacterial activities of the ethanolic leaf and stem extracts against P. aeruginosa. Results Phytochemical screening showed the presence of total phenols, saponins, tannins, total flavonoids, alkaloids, cyanogenic glycosides, phytate, and terpenoids in the plant extracts. The extracts and honeys were able to inhibit the growth of the P. aeruginosa at varying concentrations (25, 50, 75, and 100%). The combinations of the honeys and ethanolic extracts of the plant parts exerted significantly higher antibacterial effects on P. aeruginosa. Conclusion The ethanolic extracts of A. repens possessed antibacterial properties against P. aeruginosa, which was more pronounced in combination with honey. The presence of various phytochemicals in the plant indicated its high potential for possible drug production.
{"title":"Antibacterial and phytochemical evaluations of Alternanthera repens (L.) and honey on Pseudomonas aeruginosa of clinical origin","authors":"O. Bello, Faith Lebi, T. Bello, Yinka D. Oluwafemi","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_10_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_10_22","url":null,"abstract":"Context Medicinal plants have long been used as a source of therapeutic agents worldwide, and herbal medicines have increasingly been employed in the treatment of diseases. Alternanthera repens is one of the underexploited plant species for its antimicrobial potentials. Aims This study aimed at investigating the antibacterial efficacy of the leaf and stem ethanolic extracts of A. repens and honey against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Materials and methods The phytochemical analyses were performed on ethanolic plant extracts using the universal laboratory techniques for qualitative and quantitative determination. The agar-well diffusion method was used for the in-vitro antibacterial bioassay. The antibacterial activities of the honeys, ethanolic leaf and stem extracts, and antibiotics were compared. The minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimum bactericidal concentrations of the honeys and extracts were determined. Statistical analysis used The students' t-test was employed to determine the significant differences between the phytochemical constituents in the extracts and also the antibacterial activities of the ethanolic leaf and stem extracts against P. aeruginosa. Results Phytochemical screening showed the presence of total phenols, saponins, tannins, total flavonoids, alkaloids, cyanogenic glycosides, phytate, and terpenoids in the plant extracts. The extracts and honeys were able to inhibit the growth of the P. aeruginosa at varying concentrations (25, 50, 75, and 100%). The combinations of the honeys and ethanolic extracts of the plant parts exerted significantly higher antibacterial effects on P. aeruginosa. Conclusion The ethanolic extracts of A. repens possessed antibacterial properties against P. aeruginosa, which was more pronounced in combination with honey. The presence of various phytochemicals in the plant indicated its high potential for possible drug production.","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"273 - 281"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49581703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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