Backgrouud Intestinal parasitic infections is a globally prevalent condition with variable morbidities like bleeding, iron-deficiency anemia, megaloblastic anemia, intestinal obstruction, fat malabsorption, hepatosplenomegaly, and mortality. It is also responsible for retardation in growth and poor mental development in growing children, which is the worst attacked age group. Its prevalence varies from geographical regions like tropical and subtropical and also varies from populations like in urban, suburban, and rural. Periodic monitoring of prevalence to set control programs for that locality is needed. Aim To study the prevalence of various parasitic intestinal infections in a rural population in Central India. Materials and methods This descriptive and retrospective study was done in a 350-bed tertiary care hospital located in Central India serving a rural population. We have extensively studied all stool samples collected and reported between August 2019 and May 2022. Results A total of 1120 stool samples were reported during our study period, of which 518 were of females and 602 were of males. Of these 1120 stool samples, 91 samples showed the presence of parasite. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection in our study population is 8.13%, whereas the prevalence of the same in males and females is 8.63 and 7.53%, respectively. Conclusion We have found no association or effect of sex on intestinal parasitic infections in our study population. The prevalence of the same was lower in our rural population compared with various other studies, indicating good hygiene level in the society. The prevalence was highest in 21–40-year age group. Age group had a significant association with intestinal parasitic infections in our study population.
{"title":"Study of prevalence of parasitic intestinal infections in a tertiary care center in Central India serving a rural population: a retrospective analysis","authors":"Priyanka Chaubey, S. Sande, Ashwini Mankar","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_151_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_151_22","url":null,"abstract":"Backgrouud Intestinal parasitic infections is a globally prevalent condition with variable morbidities like bleeding, iron-deficiency anemia, megaloblastic anemia, intestinal obstruction, fat malabsorption, hepatosplenomegaly, and mortality. It is also responsible for retardation in growth and poor mental development in growing children, which is the worst attacked age group. Its prevalence varies from geographical regions like tropical and subtropical and also varies from populations like in urban, suburban, and rural. Periodic monitoring of prevalence to set control programs for that locality is needed. Aim To study the prevalence of various parasitic intestinal infections in a rural population in Central India. Materials and methods This descriptive and retrospective study was done in a 350-bed tertiary care hospital located in Central India serving a rural population. We have extensively studied all stool samples collected and reported between August 2019 and May 2022. Results A total of 1120 stool samples were reported during our study period, of which 518 were of females and 602 were of males. Of these 1120 stool samples, 91 samples showed the presence of parasite. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection in our study population is 8.13%, whereas the prevalence of the same in males and females is 8.63 and 7.53%, respectively. Conclusion We have found no association or effect of sex on intestinal parasitic infections in our study population. The prevalence of the same was lower in our rural population compared with various other studies, indicating good hygiene level in the society. The prevalence was highest in 21–40-year age group. Age group had a significant association with intestinal parasitic infections in our study population.","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48920221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Alkhulaifi, A. Al-Salamah, Eman Elgammal, A. Ibrahim
Background and objectives Streptococcus pyogenes is a highly adaptable human pathogen that can cause a wide spectrum of infections ranging from mild to a life-threating systemic infection. This study discussed the effectiveness of iron-depriving strategy on growth, survival, and virulence of S. pyogenes. Materials and methods Some comparisons between different iron-saturated and iron-depleted forms of the main human iron reservoirs (hemoglobin, hemin, transferrin, lactoferrin, and human milk) were tested for their effect on growth and pathogenicity of S. pyogenes. Results and conclusion Although the iron-saturated forms enhanced the growth and survival, the iron-free forms had a bacteriostatic/bactericidal activity against the microbe, and these results were emphasized by the in vivo study. Finally, the bacterial surface proteins as virulence factors were secreted upon iron depletion as indicated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This study proved that iron-depletion environment increased the resistance and virulence factors of S. pyogenes. Moreover, these results can give an insight about the interaction between the host and pathogen, which can lead to designing of new antimicrobial agents or vaccine that may target these pathways.
{"title":"Involvement of host iron-withholding strategy on Streptococcus pyogenes strain KSU-1 growth and pathogenicity","authors":"M. Alkhulaifi, A. Al-Salamah, Eman Elgammal, A. Ibrahim","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_165_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_165_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objectives Streptococcus pyogenes is a highly adaptable human pathogen that can cause a wide spectrum of infections ranging from mild to a life-threating systemic infection. This study discussed the effectiveness of iron-depriving strategy on growth, survival, and virulence of S. pyogenes. Materials and methods Some comparisons between different iron-saturated and iron-depleted forms of the main human iron reservoirs (hemoglobin, hemin, transferrin, lactoferrin, and human milk) were tested for their effect on growth and pathogenicity of S. pyogenes. Results and conclusion Although the iron-saturated forms enhanced the growth and survival, the iron-free forms had a bacteriostatic/bactericidal activity against the microbe, and these results were emphasized by the in vivo study. Finally, the bacterial surface proteins as virulence factors were secreted upon iron depletion as indicated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This study proved that iron-depletion environment increased the resistance and virulence factors of S. pyogenes. Moreover, these results can give an insight about the interaction between the host and pathogen, which can lead to designing of new antimicrobial agents or vaccine that may target these pathways.","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47113353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cancer is still a serious health problem globally. Conventional therapies have adverse effects, which affect human life quality. Tumor microenvironment (TME), also known as surrounding stroma, has a contributory role in cancer development. Understanding the interaction between TME and cancer progression is a challenge and helps to develop new therapeutic strategies that neutralize the tracks taken by cancer cells to grow, spread, and resist therapy. Therefore, targeting TME components may be effective in improving tumor therapy. Using nanotechnology for drug delivery is of great interest, where it overcomes some obstacles such as solubility and absorption of drugs and delivering them to the appropriate place of action. The main target of nanotechnology for drug delivery is the ability to differentiate between normal and cancer cells. It can be concluded that TME is an important complementary strategy for the development of anticancer drugs. Multitargeted therapy has better efficient potential than individual therapy against cancer.
{"title":"Strategies for cancer therapy: targeting tumor microenvironment and nanotechnology","authors":"A. Abdel-Halim","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_188_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_188_22","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer is still a serious health problem globally. Conventional therapies have adverse effects, which affect human life quality. Tumor microenvironment (TME), also known as surrounding stroma, has a contributory role in cancer development. Understanding the interaction between TME and cancer progression is a challenge and helps to develop new therapeutic strategies that neutralize the tracks taken by cancer cells to grow, spread, and resist therapy. Therefore, targeting TME components may be effective in improving tumor therapy. Using nanotechnology for drug delivery is of great interest, where it overcomes some obstacles such as solubility and absorption of drugs and delivering them to the appropriate place of action. The main target of nanotechnology for drug delivery is the ability to differentiate between normal and cancer cells. It can be concluded that TME is an important complementary strategy for the development of anticancer drugs. Multitargeted therapy has better efficient potential than individual therapy against cancer.","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41817167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and objective Pharmacogenomics is an emerging branch and its application in clinical practice will improve healthcare delivery in India. For the promotion and adaptation of pharmacogenomics, we need baseline data from healthcare professionals (HCPs). So, this study was planned to know the prospective of HCPs in India regarding pharmacogenomics. Patients and methods The printed copies of the pretested and validated, single-response or multiple-response self-administered questionnaire, were distributed to the HCPs. There was a total of 19 questions to access knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding pharmacogenomics. Data obtained were entered in Microsoft Excel 2013 spreadsheet for statistical analysis and percentages were calculated for concerned responses. Results Out of 134 responses, 126 responses were found to be eligible for analysis. Seventy-eight (61.9%) participants scored more than or equal to 5 to show above-average knowledge. Ninety (71.4%) participants showed a favorable attitude with a score of more than or equal to 3, while 91 (72.2%) participants scored more than or equal to 3 to show favorable practices regarding pharmacogenomics. Hundred and seven (84.9%) participants believed that pharmacogenomics will lead to more effective pharmacotherapy. Conclusion Participants showed above-average knowledge; favorable attitude, and practice behavior regarding pharmacogenomics. The survey indicates that conducting Information, Education, and Communication activities may help to increase awareness and knowledge, and to promote the adoption and utilization of pharmacogenomics in clinical practice, which will lead to better pharmacological treatment of disease with maximum efficacy and minimum side effects.
{"title":"Prospective of healthcare professionals regarding pharmacogenomics","authors":"Anuradha T Deshkar, Sonali B. Rode","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_175_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_175_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective Pharmacogenomics is an emerging branch and its application in clinical practice will improve healthcare delivery in India. For the promotion and adaptation of pharmacogenomics, we need baseline data from healthcare professionals (HCPs). So, this study was planned to know the prospective of HCPs in India regarding pharmacogenomics. Patients and methods The printed copies of the pretested and validated, single-response or multiple-response self-administered questionnaire, were distributed to the HCPs. There was a total of 19 questions to access knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding pharmacogenomics. Data obtained were entered in Microsoft Excel 2013 spreadsheet for statistical analysis and percentages were calculated for concerned responses. Results Out of 134 responses, 126 responses were found to be eligible for analysis. Seventy-eight (61.9%) participants scored more than or equal to 5 to show above-average knowledge. Ninety (71.4%) participants showed a favorable attitude with a score of more than or equal to 3, while 91 (72.2%) participants scored more than or equal to 3 to show favorable practices regarding pharmacogenomics. Hundred and seven (84.9%) participants believed that pharmacogenomics will lead to more effective pharmacotherapy. Conclusion Participants showed above-average knowledge; favorable attitude, and practice behavior regarding pharmacogenomics. The survey indicates that conducting Information, Education, and Communication activities may help to increase awareness and knowledge, and to promote the adoption and utilization of pharmacogenomics in clinical practice, which will lead to better pharmacological treatment of disease with maximum efficacy and minimum side effects.","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43195617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rafal Ismael, A. Alhameedawi, Rajaa Abbas, Sarah Alsallameh, Halah Amer, Müge Firat, M. Karkhane
Background One of the most significant pathogenic bacteria is Staphylococcus aureus, and both adults and children are susceptible to this bacterium from the front of the nose. In the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimate that 80,461 invasive methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infections and 11 285 related deaths occurred in 2011. In the UK, around 190 people passed away from MRSA disease in 2021. Australia, Hong Kong, Singapore, Japan, and Greece also have MRSA infections, along with the whole world. MRSA caused less than 2% of bacterial diseases in the United States in 1974, while the percentage rate jumped to 64% in 2004 only 10 years to increase the infection rate by 300%. Objective This study aimed to detect medication susceptibility patterns, staphylococcal enterotoxins A to C, toxic shock syndrome toxin-1, and methicillin-resistant genes. Materials and methods Ninety-eight S. aureus strains were isolated from different infection sites from Salah Al-Din Teaching Hospital. There have only been a few studies conducted on the epidemiology and virulence genes of S. aureus in Salah Al-Din city, Iraq. Results and conclusion The rates of drug resistance among S. aureus strains to routinely used antibiotics were found to be extremely high. In this study, the expression of toxic shock syndrome toxin, sec B, and sec C genes in S. aureus strains was not detected, unlike in previous studies. While all the strains were sec A gene positive, another gene found in bacterial cells that enables them to be resistant to antibiotics like methicillin and other vancomycin drugs is mecA.
{"title":"Staphylococcus aureus virulence genes and methicillin-resistant gene detection and antimicrobial resistance profiles isolated from different infection sites","authors":"Rafal Ismael, A. Alhameedawi, Rajaa Abbas, Sarah Alsallameh, Halah Amer, Müge Firat, M. Karkhane","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_187_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_187_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background One of the most significant pathogenic bacteria is Staphylococcus aureus, and both adults and children are susceptible to this bacterium from the front of the nose. In the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimate that 80,461 invasive methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infections and 11 285 related deaths occurred in 2011. In the UK, around 190 people passed away from MRSA disease in 2021. Australia, Hong Kong, Singapore, Japan, and Greece also have MRSA infections, along with the whole world. MRSA caused less than 2% of bacterial diseases in the United States in 1974, while the percentage rate jumped to 64% in 2004 only 10 years to increase the infection rate by 300%. Objective This study aimed to detect medication susceptibility patterns, staphylococcal enterotoxins A to C, toxic shock syndrome toxin-1, and methicillin-resistant genes. Materials and methods Ninety-eight S. aureus strains were isolated from different infection sites from Salah Al-Din Teaching Hospital. There have only been a few studies conducted on the epidemiology and virulence genes of S. aureus in Salah Al-Din city, Iraq. Results and conclusion The rates of drug resistance among S. aureus strains to routinely used antibiotics were found to be extremely high. In this study, the expression of toxic shock syndrome toxin, sec B, and sec C genes in S. aureus strains was not detected, unlike in previous studies. While all the strains were sec A gene positive, another gene found in bacterial cells that enables them to be resistant to antibiotics like methicillin and other vancomycin drugs is mecA.","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44477871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background Probiotics are microorganisms that play an essential role in microbial intestinal balance and in health care. Objective To isolate a probiotic that can be used to produce antimicrobial peptides potentially used as inhibitors against pathogenic bacteria. Materials and methods The research protocol was carried out through isolation of samples from different dairy product and screening for the most potent probiotic exhibiting antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 and Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 according to the guidelines of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute using the disc diffusion method. The molecular identification of this probiotic strain was done by 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing, and the phylogenetic tree was obtained. The purification process and characterization of the antibacterial peptide were done by (NH4)2SO4 and performing fast protein liquid chromatography. Results and discussion Bacterial probiotic strains obtained from different samples were screened for the best antimicrobial activity, where isolate number 9 from 18 isolates showed the highest antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli. Therefore, it was chosen for molecular identification. The molecular identification process revealed that isolate number 9 was Enterococcus faecium. Results of antibiotics sensitivity indicated that S. aureus is more sensitive to antibiotics than E. coli. The fast protein liquid chromatography purification and characterization process of the peptide produced from the probiotic E. faecium showed that the active fraction was precipitated at 60% saturation of (NH4)2SO4. Moreover, single absorbance peaks confirmed the presence of the peptide ‘enterocin.’
{"title":"Biosynthesis and FPLC purification of antibacterial peptide from the biotherapeutic agent Enterococcus faecium","authors":"Eslam Abd-elwahed, A. El-Waseif, D. Maany","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_143_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_143_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background Probiotics are microorganisms that play an essential role in microbial intestinal balance and in health care. Objective To isolate a probiotic that can be used to produce antimicrobial peptides potentially used as inhibitors against pathogenic bacteria. Materials and methods The research protocol was carried out through isolation of samples from different dairy product and screening for the most potent probiotic exhibiting antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 and Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 according to the guidelines of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute using the disc diffusion method. The molecular identification of this probiotic strain was done by 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing, and the phylogenetic tree was obtained. The purification process and characterization of the antibacterial peptide were done by (NH4)2SO4 and performing fast protein liquid chromatography. Results and discussion Bacterial probiotic strains obtained from different samples were screened for the best antimicrobial activity, where isolate number 9 from 18 isolates showed the highest antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli. Therefore, it was chosen for molecular identification. The molecular identification process revealed that isolate number 9 was Enterococcus faecium. Results of antibiotics sensitivity indicated that S. aureus is more sensitive to antibiotics than E. coli. The fast protein liquid chromatography purification and characterization process of the peptide produced from the probiotic E. faecium showed that the active fraction was precipitated at 60% saturation of (NH4)2SO4. Moreover, single absorbance peaks confirmed the presence of the peptide ‘enterocin.’","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70732822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mai ElShiekh, Ghada M. El-Kassas, Maged A. El Wakeel, Dina Zaki, Hanan Atta, Dina Mostafa, S. El-Zayat, G. Elsawy
Background Obesity has recently been identified as a risk factor for coronavirus disease-19. There is a significant correlation between obesity rates with metabolic syndrome and coronavirus disease-19 in children worldwide. Owing to the high expression in adipose tissue, angiopoietin-like protein 5 (ANGPTL5) might be assumed to have a broad range of physiological processes in lipid, glucose homeostasis, and inflammatory responses. Objective To examine the association between childhood obesity and plasma ANGPTL5 levels in an attempt to demonstrate the probable relationships of plasma levels of ANGPTL5 with unacylated ghrelin and obestatin and its relevance to metabolic parameters in obese versus normal-weight children and adolescents. Patients and methods A total of 90 children between 5 and 15 years of age were randomly enrolled in this cross-sectional case–control study. They were classified into obese patients (n=45) and nonobese controls (n=45). BMI for age was calculated following WHO guidelines. Serum levels of ANGPTL5, obestatin, and unacylated ghrelin were measured and correlated with the anthropometric measurements and biochemical markers of metabolic syndrome. Results A highly significant positive correlation was observed between the serum level of ANGPTL5 and the weight z score. Moreover, a significant positive correlation between ANGPTL5 and the investigated diabetic parameters (glucose, insulin, and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein was detected. The increased weight in children was associated with a higher level of ANGPTL5 in parallel with the observed elevated insulin resistance. Conclusion ANGPTL5 might be considered a promising sensitive assessment biomarker to be applied for early diagnosis and prognosis of obese children with a high risk of cardio-metabolic diseases.
{"title":"Angiopoietin-like protein 5: a potential culprit of cardio-metabolic risk in Egyptian obese children","authors":"Mai ElShiekh, Ghada M. El-Kassas, Maged A. El Wakeel, Dina Zaki, Hanan Atta, Dina Mostafa, S. El-Zayat, G. Elsawy","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_168_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_168_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background Obesity has recently been identified as a risk factor for coronavirus disease-19. There is a significant correlation between obesity rates with metabolic syndrome and coronavirus disease-19 in children worldwide. Owing to the high expression in adipose tissue, angiopoietin-like protein 5 (ANGPTL5) might be assumed to have a broad range of physiological processes in lipid, glucose homeostasis, and inflammatory responses. Objective To examine the association between childhood obesity and plasma ANGPTL5 levels in an attempt to demonstrate the probable relationships of plasma levels of ANGPTL5 with unacylated ghrelin and obestatin and its relevance to metabolic parameters in obese versus normal-weight children and adolescents. Patients and methods A total of 90 children between 5 and 15 years of age were randomly enrolled in this cross-sectional case–control study. They were classified into obese patients (n=45) and nonobese controls (n=45). BMI for age was calculated following WHO guidelines. Serum levels of ANGPTL5, obestatin, and unacylated ghrelin were measured and correlated with the anthropometric measurements and biochemical markers of metabolic syndrome. Results A highly significant positive correlation was observed between the serum level of ANGPTL5 and the weight z score. Moreover, a significant positive correlation between ANGPTL5 and the investigated diabetic parameters (glucose, insulin, and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein was detected. The increased weight in children was associated with a higher level of ANGPTL5 in parallel with the observed elevated insulin resistance. Conclusion ANGPTL5 might be considered a promising sensitive assessment biomarker to be applied for early diagnosis and prognosis of obese children with a high risk of cardio-metabolic diseases.","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43272126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sanaa K. Gomaa, H. El-Refai, R. Allam, M. Shafei, H. Ahmed, Rania A. Zaki
Background and objective Biodegradable polymers, such as polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHAs), have recently been recognized as polyesters owing to their properties as biodegradable thermoplastics. Materials and methods The main objective of this study was to isolate an efficient polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) producer from soil collected from different rhizospheric areas in Egypt. The potent strain was identified using 16 s rRNA sequence analysis. Plackett–Burman and central composite sequential designs were used to investigate cultural variables influencing PHB production (central composite sequential design). Results and conclusion Of a total of nine different isolates, three were found to be PHB positive based on the color using Nile Red stain. The potent strain was identified as Bacillus safensis (NR_113945.1). Using one factor at a time experiments, sugar molasses and ammonium sulfate, respectively, were the best carbon and nitrogen sources, whereas the best inoculum was 10 ml/100 ml of fermentation medium. Cultural variables influencing PHB production were studied using Plackett–Burman and central composite sequential designs. Accordingly, the most influential factors on PHB production were sugarcane concentration, inoculum size, and KH2PO4. Under the optimized conditions, a PHB content (93% cell dry weight) of 1.17 folds was attained. Furthermore, the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and 1H-NMR results confirmed the produced polymer as PHB. These results give insight into the use of locally isolated bacteria (B. safensis (NR_113945.1) utilizing inexpensive substrate such as sugarcane molasses for PHB production.
背景和目的可生物降解聚合物，如聚羟基烷酸酯（PHA），由于其作为可生物降解热塑性塑料的特性，最近被认为是聚酯。材料和方法本研究的主要目的是从埃及不同根际地区收集的土壤中分离出一种高效的聚羟基丁酸（PHB）生产商。使用16 s rRNA序列分析。Plackett–Burman和中心复合序列设计用于研究影响PHB生产的文化变量（中心复合序列）。结果和结论在总共9个不同的分离株中，根据尼罗红染色的颜色，发现3个PHB阳性。经鉴定，该菌株为安全芽孢杆菌（NR_113945.1）。采用一因素一次试验，糖蜜和硫酸铵分别是最佳的碳源和氮源，而最佳接种量为10 ml/100 ml发酵培养基。使用Plackett–Burman和中心复合序列设计研究了影响PHB生产的文化变量。因此，对PHB生产影响最大的因素是甘蔗浓度、接种量和KH2PO4。在优化的条件下，PHB含量（93%的细胞干重）达到1.17倍。此外，傅立叶变换红外光谱和1H-NMR结果证实所产生的聚合物为PHB。这些结果深入了解了利用廉价基质如甘蔗糖蜜生产PHB的本地分离细菌（B.safensis（NR_113945.1））的用途。
{"title":"Statistical optimization for polyhydroxybutyrate production by locally isolated Bacillus safensis using sugarcane molasses under nutritional stressed conditions","authors":"Sanaa K. Gomaa, H. El-Refai, R. Allam, M. Shafei, H. Ahmed, Rania A. Zaki","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_51_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_51_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective Biodegradable polymers, such as polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHAs), have recently been recognized as polyesters owing to their properties as biodegradable thermoplastics. Materials and methods The main objective of this study was to isolate an efficient polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) producer from soil collected from different rhizospheric areas in Egypt. The potent strain was identified using 16 s rRNA sequence analysis. Plackett–Burman and central composite sequential designs were used to investigate cultural variables influencing PHB production (central composite sequential design). Results and conclusion Of a total of nine different isolates, three were found to be PHB positive based on the color using Nile Red stain. The potent strain was identified as Bacillus safensis (NR_113945.1). Using one factor at a time experiments, sugar molasses and ammonium sulfate, respectively, were the best carbon and nitrogen sources, whereas the best inoculum was 10 ml/100 ml of fermentation medium. Cultural variables influencing PHB production were studied using Plackett–Burman and central composite sequential designs. Accordingly, the most influential factors on PHB production were sugarcane concentration, inoculum size, and KH2PO4. Under the optimized conditions, a PHB content (93% cell dry weight) of 1.17 folds was attained. Furthermore, the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and 1H-NMR results confirmed the produced polymer as PHB. These results give insight into the use of locally isolated bacteria (B. safensis (NR_113945.1) utilizing inexpensive substrate such as sugarcane molasses for PHB production.","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48982486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hosni Neweigy, M. Gouida, M.E. El nagger, Mohamed Y. Salem
Background Cancer can control immune system suppression mechanisms by activating regulatory T cells; myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and increasing the expression of co-inhibitor proteins. Snake venoms showed anticancer activity by targeting specific molecular pathways. Objective Here, we investigate the immunomodulatory effects of Egyptian cobra (Naja haje) venom different doses compared with cisplatin in healthy and cancer murine models. Materials and methods Female Balb/c mice aged 2–3 months, are separated into three general groups (control groups, solid (subcutaneous) tumors, and soft (ehrlich ascites) tumors. Mice were inoculated with ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells about 2×106 and 1.5×106 cells subcutaneously and intraperitoneal for 28 and 10 days, respectively. Results MDSCs decreased nonsignificantly in control groups treated with cisplatin, 1/10, 1/30 LD50 also, in ascites tumor group treated with 1/30 LD50 (P=0.055). While it increased non-significantly in healthy control treated with 1/20 LD50, all treated solid tumor groups and in ascites tumor groups treated with cisplatin and 1/20 LD50, on the other hand, Regulatory T cells in control groups decreased significantly in groups treated with cisplatin and 1/30 LD50 on the other hand it increased nonsignificantly in groups treated with 1/20 and 1/10 LD50. In solid tumor groups, T regs increased with no statistical significance in all treated solid tumor groups also, in ascites tumor groups treated with 1/20 LD50 and cisplatin. Conclusion Low doses of (Naja haje) crud venom reduce MDSCs and T reg in the microenvironment of tumor while higher doses increase them, further investigation will be needed.
{"title":"Cancer micro-environment immune modulation by Egyptian cobra (Naja haje) crud venom","authors":"Hosni Neweigy, M. Gouida, M.E. El nagger, Mohamed Y. Salem","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_156_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_156_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background Cancer can control immune system suppression mechanisms by activating regulatory T cells; myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and increasing the expression of co-inhibitor proteins. Snake venoms showed anticancer activity by targeting specific molecular pathways. Objective Here, we investigate the immunomodulatory effects of Egyptian cobra (Naja haje) venom different doses compared with cisplatin in healthy and cancer murine models. Materials and methods Female Balb/c mice aged 2–3 months, are separated into three general groups (control groups, solid (subcutaneous) tumors, and soft (ehrlich ascites) tumors. Mice were inoculated with ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells about 2×106 and 1.5×106 cells subcutaneously and intraperitoneal for 28 and 10 days, respectively. Results MDSCs decreased nonsignificantly in control groups treated with cisplatin, 1/10, 1/30 LD50 also, in ascites tumor group treated with 1/30 LD50 (P=0.055). While it increased non-significantly in healthy control treated with 1/20 LD50, all treated solid tumor groups and in ascites tumor groups treated with cisplatin and 1/20 LD50, on the other hand, Regulatory T cells in control groups decreased significantly in groups treated with cisplatin and 1/30 LD50 on the other hand it increased nonsignificantly in groups treated with 1/20 and 1/10 LD50. In solid tumor groups, T regs increased with no statistical significance in all treated solid tumor groups also, in ascites tumor groups treated with 1/20 LD50 and cisplatin. Conclusion Low doses of (Naja haje) crud venom reduce MDSCs and T reg in the microenvironment of tumor while higher doses increase them, further investigation will be needed.","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41969984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Fouad, H. Fouad, S. Elsayed, S. Hendawy, E. Omer
Background As hyssop was recently introduced for cultivation in Egypt, it is recommended to know its optimal agronomic management practices, especially the irrigation management. Objective This work demonstrates the effect of the number of irrigation times per week and foliar spraying of different concentrations of salicylic acid and the interaction between them on the hyssop planted in sandy soil and under the drip irrigation system. Materials and methods In the 2-year experiment, three irrigation treatments, that is, once, twice, and three times per week, were applied with three concentrations of salicylic acid (0, 100, and 200 ppm). The growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant activity, total phenolics, proline content, essential oil percentage, and yield along with the main constituents of the essential oil were studied in hyssop herb to find out the relationship between these characteristics and the applied treatments. Results and conclusion It was observed that increasing the number of irrigation times from once to twice and three times per week increased growth, yield, essential oil percentage (%), content (ml/plant), and yield (l/ha) significantly in both seasons, except essential oil (%) from plants irrigated twice per week in the first season, which increased insignificantly. The essential oil showed the main compounds as 3-pinanone, cis in most treatments, except plants irrigated twice and three times per week and sprayed with tap water, where the main component was trans-3-pinanone (38.70 and 32.94 %, respectively). 3-pinanone, cis relative percent ranged from 40.81 to 63.47% in plants irrigated once per week and from 16.78 to 58.49 % in plants irrigated at twice per week, and then from 30.17 to 47.56 % in plants irrigated three times per week. Oxygenated compounds increased under water deficit (once per week) and decreased with increasing salicylic acid concentration. It may be concluded that hyssop plants that were irrigated twice per week and sprayed with 100 ppm salicylic acid produced the highest yield of both herb and essential oil.
{"title":"Response of growth, productivity, and active constituents of Hyssopus officinalis to irrigation and salicylic acid foliar application","authors":"R. Fouad, H. Fouad, S. Elsayed, S. Hendawy, E. Omer","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_2_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_2_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background As hyssop was recently introduced for cultivation in Egypt, it is recommended to know its optimal agronomic management practices, especially the irrigation management. Objective This work demonstrates the effect of the number of irrigation times per week and foliar spraying of different concentrations of salicylic acid and the interaction between them on the hyssop planted in sandy soil and under the drip irrigation system. Materials and methods In the 2-year experiment, three irrigation treatments, that is, once, twice, and three times per week, were applied with three concentrations of salicylic acid (0, 100, and 200 ppm). The growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant activity, total phenolics, proline content, essential oil percentage, and yield along with the main constituents of the essential oil were studied in hyssop herb to find out the relationship between these characteristics and the applied treatments. Results and conclusion It was observed that increasing the number of irrigation times from once to twice and three times per week increased growth, yield, essential oil percentage (%), content (ml/plant), and yield (l/ha) significantly in both seasons, except essential oil (%) from plants irrigated twice per week in the first season, which increased insignificantly. The essential oil showed the main compounds as 3-pinanone, cis in most treatments, except plants irrigated twice and three times per week and sprayed with tap water, where the main component was trans-3-pinanone (38.70 and 32.94 %, respectively). 3-pinanone, cis relative percent ranged from 40.81 to 63.47% in plants irrigated once per week and from 16.78 to 58.49 % in plants irrigated at twice per week, and then from 30.17 to 47.56 % in plants irrigated three times per week. Oxygenated compounds increased under water deficit (once per week) and decreased with increasing salicylic acid concentration. It may be concluded that hyssop plants that were irrigated twice per week and sprayed with 100 ppm salicylic acid produced the highest yield of both herb and essential oil.","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49087413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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