Emerging Infectious Diseases最新文献

Influenza D virus (IDV) is prevalent in cattle in China, and a risk for spillover to other species exists. We detected IDV antibodies in 6/315 of black donkeys in northern China, suggesting cattle-to-donkey transmission and demonstrating the expanding host range of IDV and the need for reassessment of cross-species transmission risks.

Classical scrapie affects sheep and goats. To control prevalence in sheep, the European Union initiated breeding programs targeting resilient genotypes. Although certain goat polymorphisms, such as Q₂₂₂K, are linked to resistance, specific breeding programs have not been implemented. Hemizygous transgenic mice carrying the goat K₂₂₂ cellular prion protein (PrP) allele (K₂₂₂-Tg516) exhibited resistance to several classical scrapie isolates. We inoculated homozygous K₂₂₂-Tg516 and Q₂₂₂-Tg501 mice with various scrapie isolates. Homozygous K₂₂₂-Tg516 mice reached the end of their lifespan without exhibiting clinical signs; we observed brain proteinase K-resistant PrP accumulation in those mice that was lower than in Q₂₂₂-Tg501 mice. Histologically, K₂₂₂-Tg516 brains lacked prion-related lesions, except for the presence of few isolated scrapie PrP plaques in cases of isolates highly adapted to the K₂₂₂-PrP^C environment. Our findings caution against including that polymorphism in breeding programs, because it could lead to emergence of asymptomatic silent prion carriers of classical scrapie among goat populations.

Using metatranscriptomics, we identified Trubanaman virus in cerebrospinal fluid from a severely immunocompromised man who died of encephalitis in Queensland, Australia. Virus sequences were related to orthobunyaviruses previously detected in mosquitoes in Australia. Testing for other causes yielded negative results, suggesting that Trubanaman virus was the cause of this fatal encephalitis case.

Sporadic cases of trombiculiasis have been reported as causing neurologic signs in dogs. We report a cluster of trombiculiasis cases (outbreak) in the province of Noord-Holland, the Netherlands, associated with Neotrombicula autumnalis mite infestation. Veterinarians should consider N. autumnalis infestation in differential diagnoses for acute onset neurologic signs in dogs.

We examined functional limitations and illness-related chronic absenteeism (i.e., missing >18 days of school for health reasons) in a cross-sectional nationally representative sample of 11,057 US children 5-17 years of age who ever or never had long COVID (i.e., symptoms lasting >3 months after COVID-19 illness). Among 4,587 children with prior COVID-19, we estimated whether long COVID was associated with increased illness-related chronic absenteeism by using logistic regression. Our analysis showed that ≈1.4% of school-aged children had long COVID at some point. Among children with prior COVID-19, those who had long COVID at some point more frequently reported functional limitations, such as difficulty with memory, than those who did not have long COVID (18.3% vs. 8.6%). Having long COVID was associated with higher odds of illness-related chronic absenteeism. Children who had long COVID could experience functional limitations and absenteeism. School accommodations might be an option to improve functional limitations.

A previous study demonstrated noninferior efficacy of 4-month rifapentine/moxifloxacin regimen for tuberculosis (TB) treatment compared with the standard regimen. We analyzed pregnancy outcomes of women who became pregnant during the study. Among 740 women, 97 (13.1%) became pregnant. Of 102 pregnancies (in 97 participants), 30 (29.4%) participants were exposed to study drugs. Fetal loss was reported for 3/13 (23.1%) in the control regimen, 1/9 (11.1%) in the rifapentine/moxifloxacin regimen, and 1/8 (12.5%) in the rifapentine regimen. Among 21 live births in exposed pregnancies (7 in each arm), 1 infant with a congenital anomaly was reported in a participant on the rifapentine regimen. Among women receiving a short rifapentine/moxifloxacin regimen for tuberculosis who became pregnant, we observed no elevated rates of fetal losses or congenital anomalies.

We investigated macrolide resistance and P1 genotypes of Mycoplasma pneumoniae during the 2024-2025 outbreak in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Macrolide resistance remained stable at ≈10%-20%, but significant shifts in P1 genotype distribution and resistance rates in P1 types occurred, indicating notable changes in M. pneumoniae molecular epidemiology in Ontario since 2011-2012.

Our 2024 survey of eligible US healthcare workers found that 48% of unvaccinated healthcare workers are interested in receiving Ebola virus vaccine. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended vaccination for healthcare workers at highest risk for occupational exposure to Zaire ebolavirus (Orthoebolavirus zairense). Addressing concerns identified by survey respondents might improve vaccine acceptance.

Human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA), caused by Anaplasma phagocytophilum transmitted through tick bites, remains poorly documented in France. We conducted a retrospective, multicenter study of cases in Alsace during 2012-2024, including 39 HGA episodes in 38 patients PCR positive for A. phagocytophilum. Most (63.2%) patients were men, median age was 60.5 years, and 76.3% lived in rural areas. A tick bite was reported in 61.6% of cases. Frequent symptoms included fever (97.4%), fatigue (61.5%), and headache (61.5%). Laboratory findings showed elevated C-reactive protein (100%), thrombocytopenia (94.9%), leukopenia (59.0%), and cytolysis (66.7%). One patient had secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Most (87.2%) patients were hospitalized; none required intensive care unit admission. Doxycycline was administered in 29 cases, and all patients recovered. HGA should be considered in febrile patients with recent tick exposure and cytopenia. Although often benign, rare severe HGA forms can occur and justify increased clinical awareness, especially in A. phagocytophilum-endemic areas.

We report a case of severe conjunctivitis in a traveler infected with a Philophthalmus lacrymosus eye fluke, probably acquired on the Galápagos Islands in Ecuador. This zoonotic parasite is endemic in Brazil and Venezuela, where it has been reported in birds and capybaras.