Emerging Infectious Diseases最新文献

Sporadic cholera outbreaks continue to occur in Haiti. We used a novel space-time analysis to gain insight from limited government surveillance data. We identified concerning patterns of disease spread in areas known to be at high risk for epidemic cholera in and around the capital city of Port-au-Prince.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) can cause severe illness, but little is known about long-term consequences in hospitalized adults. We surveyed adults (>18 years of age) who survived hospitalization for RSV or COVID-19 during February 2022-September 2023 about physical functioning and quality of life; surveys were conducted 6-12 months after hospitalization. We compared outcomes after RSV hospitalization by age (<60 vs. >60 years) and to those hospitalized for COVID-19 by using multivariable regression models. Among 146 adults hospitalized with RSV, 27.4% reported severe breathlessness and 21.9% poor quality of life at follow-up. Few differences were seen in posthospital illness by age. After adjustment, participants with RSV had 1.81 (95% CI 1.08-3.04) times increased odds of worse dyspnea than did those with COVID-19. Participants reported functional and quality of life impairments after RSV hospitalization, regardless of age, and a postdischarge sequelae constellation similar to that for those hospitalized for COVID-19.

We report 5 patients in Bangladesh presumed to have Nipah virus infections after consuming raw date palm sap. PCR and serology for Nipah virus were negative, but high-throughput sequencing identified Pteropine orthoreovirus in archived throat swab samples and virus cultures. This batborne virus should be considered in differential diagnosis of Nipah-like illnesses.

Schistosomiasis is a globally prevalent parasitic infection, but pancreatic involvement is extremely rare. In this article, we report 4 cases of pancreatic schistosomiasis from endemic regions in China. The possible link between schistosomiasis and pancreatic malignancy deserves further study. These cases underscore the diagnostic challenge of pancreatic schistosomiasis.

Giardiasis, caused by the parasite Giardia duodenalis, is a common infection throughout the world. Acute infections can be asymptomatic, cause mild gastrointestinal symptoms, or be associated with severe, prolonged diarrhea. Most Giardia infections are self-limiting; however, a subset of symptomatic and asymptomatic persons experience infection-associated chronic conditions that can affect multiple body systems. Those conditions include stunting and impaired cognitive function in children, irritable bowel syndrome, chronic fatigue, arthritis, and fibromyalgia, all of which can persist for months or years. Such conditions can impair daily functioning and quality of life; however, research has yet to fully elucidate underlying mechanisms, describe the prevalence, identify persons at increased risk, and develop effective treatment strategies. We synthesized what is known about giardiasis-associated chronic conditions and illnesses to improve recognition of those complications and ensure appropriate management that can improve the well-being of persons affected.

Poultry workers in Washington, USA, were infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus and recovered. The viruses were clade 2.3.4.4b genotype D1.1, closely related to viruses causing poultry outbreaks. Continued surveillance and testing for influenza A(H5) clade 2.3.4.4b viruses remain essential for risk assessment and pandemic preparedness of zoonotic influenza viruses.

A 62-year-old patient was hospitalized in Geneva, Switzerland, with an atypical manifestation of West Nile virus infection. Initially, he sought care for febrile diarrhea and vomiting; his condition deteriorated and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and meningoencephalitis developed. Corticosteroids improved his condition. We used high-throughput sequencing and ophthalmologic findings to diagnose West Nile virus.

Selection for the A₁₃₆R₁₅₄R₁₇₁ PRNP allele is known to curb classical scrapie in sheep, and we expected it to minimize the risk for classical bovine spongiform encephalopathy (c-BSE) propagation. We orally challenged newborn ARR/ARR and ARQ/ARQ lambs with ovine-passaged c-BSE. Contrary to our expectations, prion disease developed in all ARR/ARR lambs after markedly longer incubation times (≈50 months) than ARQ/ARQ controls (≈20 months). Tissue distribution of the abnormal isoform of prion protein (PrP) in clinically affected ARR/ARR sheep largely mirrored tissue distribution seen in ARQ/ARQ animals. Bioassays in bovine- and human-PrP transgenic mice showed that passage through ARR/ARR sheep did not increase the agent's zoonotic potential. Transmission efficiency in human normal cellular isoform PrP-expressing mice remained similar to cattle c-BSE and lower than ARQ-passaged c-BSE. Our data reveal the limitations of breeding exclusively for ARR when the objective is to mitigate c-BSE risk and underscore the need to maintain specific-risk-material removal and surveillance programs.

We report on a carbapenem-, extended spectrum β-lactam-, fluoroquinolone-, and tetracycline-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi strain in a patient returning to Germany from India. Considering the recent emergence of extensively drug-resistant Salmonella Typhi strains, further expansion of antibiotic resistance to carbapenems poses a serious threat for typhoid fever treatment.