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Identification and Characterization of Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus CC45/USA600, North Carolina, USA, 2021
IF 11.8 2区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-18 DOI: 10.3201/eid3101.241573
Jennifer K. MacFarquhar, Anumita Bajpai, Teresa Fisher, Chad Barr, Alyssa G. Kent, Susannah L. McKay, Davina Campbell, Amy S. Gargis, Rocio Balbuena, David Lonsway, Maria Karlsson, Maroya Spalding Walters, D. Cal Ham, William A. Glover

Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) is a rare but serious public health concern. We describe a VRSA case in North Carolina, USA. The isolate from the case belonged to the USA600 lineage and clonal complex 45. No transmission was identified. Confirmed VRSA cases should include a thorough investigation and public health response.

耐万古霉素金黄色葡萄球菌(VRSA)是一种罕见但严重的公共卫生问题。我们描述了美国北卡罗来纳州的一例耐万古霉素金黄色葡萄球菌病例。从该病例中分离出的菌株属于 USA600 菌系和 45 号克隆复合体。未发现传播途径。对确诊的 VRSA 病例应进行彻底调查并采取公共卫生应对措施。
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引用次数: 0
Surveillance Strategy in Duck Flocks Vaccinated against Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus
IF 11.8 2区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-18 DOI: 10.3201/eid3101.241140
Sophie Planchand, Timothée Vergne, Jean-Luc Guérin, Séverine Rautureau, Guillaume Gerbier, Sébastien Lambert

Since 2016, epizootics of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus have threatened the poultry sector in Europe. Because conventional prevention and control measures alone were insufficient in some contexts, the European Commission authorized poultry vaccination in 2023. Subsequently, France launched a nationwide duck vaccination campaign combined with a comprehensive surveillance plan. We used a mathematical model to simulate the transmission of HPAI viruses in vaccinated duck flocks and assess the effectiveness of a wide range of surveillance strategies. Sampling and testing dead ducks every week (enhanced passive surveillance) was the most sensitive (≈90%) and the most timely strategy. Active surveillance through monthly testing of a cross-sectional sample of live ducks was the least sensitive and timely strategy. Thus, we advise focusing HPAI surveillance efforts on enhanced passive surveillance and reducing active surveillance of live ducks.

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引用次数: 0
Salmonella enterica Serovar Abony Outbreak Caused by Clone of Reference Strain WDCM 00029, Chile, 2024 参考菌株 WDCM 00029 的克隆引起的阿邦尼肠炎沙门氏菌疫情,智利,2024 年
IF 11.8 2区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-18 DOI: 10.3201/eid3101.241012
Alejandro Piña-Iturbe, Diego Fredes-García, Patricia García, Lorena Porte, Timothy J. Johnson, Randall S. Singer, Magaly Toro, José M. Munita, Andrea I. Moreno-Switt

A Salmonella enterica serovar Abony outbreak occurred during January–April 2024 in Chile. Genomic evidence indicated that the outbreak strain was a clone of reference strain WDCM 00029, which is routinely used in microbiological quality control tests. When rare or unreported serovars cause human infections, clinicians and health authorities should request strain characterization.

2024 年 1 月至 4 月期间,智利爆发了肠炎沙门氏菌血清型 Abony 疫情。基因组证据表明,疫情菌株是参考菌株 WDCM 00029 的克隆,该菌株通常用于微生物质量控制测试。当罕见或未报告的血清型导致人类感染时,临床医生和卫生当局应要求进行菌株鉴定。
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引用次数: 0
Development and Implementation of a Public Health Event Management System, Nigeria, 2018–2024
IF 11.8 2区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-17 DOI: 10.3201/eid3101.240379
James Elston, Womi-Eteng Oboma Eteng, Chikwe Ihekweazu, Isabel Oliver, Everistus Aniaku, Anwar Abubakar, Christopher T. Lee, Emmanuel Benyeogor, Iain Roddick, Sophie Logan, Ebere Okereke, Leena Inamdar, Olusola Aruna, Rejoice Luka-Lawal, Christine Manthey, Lawrence Hinkle, Gloria Nunez, Emmanuel Agogo, Rabi Usman, Emmanuel Lucky Sunday, Muntari Hassan, John Oladejo, Ifedayo Adetifa

Event management systems (EMS) are key tools for epidemic intelligence, integrating surveillance signals and incident response, although international standards to inform development are lacking. We describe the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (NCDC) SITAware, a software capable of operating with low internet bandwidth to generate notifications, reports, and spatiotemporal dashboards and provide event-level data for real-time accountability and postevent learning. SITAware was enabled by local institutional ownership, co-created at low cost, and integrated into existing workflows. In 2022, SITAware was used to manage ≈300 incidents, and NCDC implemented it subnationally. NCDC’s experience may inform EMS development and implementation in similar settings.

事件管理系统(EMS)是流行病情报、整合监测信号和事件响应的关键工具,但目前尚缺乏国际标准来指导开发工作。我们介绍了尼日利亚疾病控制和预防中心(NCDC)的 SITAware,该软件能够在互联网带宽较低的情况下运行,生成通知、报告和时空仪表板,并为实时问责和事后学习提供事件级数据。SITAware 由当地机构所有,以低成本共同创建,并集成到现有工作流程中。2022 年,SITAware 被用于管理≈300 起事件,国家数据中心在全国范围内实施了该软件。NCDC 的经验可为类似环境下的 EMS 开发和实施提供借鉴。
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引用次数: 0
Research and Development of Medical Countermeasures for Emerging Infectious Diseases, China, 1990–2022
IF 11.8 2区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-17 DOI: 10.3201/eid3101.230638
Jiyan Ma, Yang Yang, Yangmu Huang

Since the severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak in 2003, China has invested substantial efforts in promoting scientific and technological advances for medical countermeasures against high-threat pathogens. The examination of China’s landscape identifies progress and gaps in research and development (R&D) and also highlights management and regulatory issues that should be of concern to other countries. Our study examined the current state of R&D of medical countermeasures in China during 1990–2022. The findings showed a robust and diversified pipeline responding quickly to disease outbreaks and policy changes. However, proactive and highly innovative candidates are limited, and a large proportion of vaccines and drugs stagnate at the early development stage. A paradigm shift involving a preemptive R&D agenda and persistent investment, innovative technology development, and accelerated research translation is urgently needed to prepare for the next pandemic.

自 2003 年爆发严重急性呼吸系统综合征以来,中国在推动针对高危病原体的医学对策的科技进步方面投入了大量精力。通过对中国情况的考察,我们发现了中国在研发(R&D)方面取得的进展和存在的差距,同时也强调了其他国家应该关注的管理和监管问题。我们的研究考察了 1990-2022 年间中国医学对策研发的现状。研究结果表明,中国的研发渠道健全且多样化,能够快速应对疾病爆发和政策变化。然而,具有前瞻性和高度创新性的候选药物非常有限,很大一部分疫苗和药物在早期开发阶段停滞不前。为应对下一次大流行,亟需进行模式转变,包括先发制人的研发议程和持续投资、创新技术开发和加速研究成果转化。
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引用次数: 0
Detection of Prions in Wild Pigs (Sus scrofa) from Areas with Reported Chronic Wasting Disease Cases, United States
IF 11.8 2区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-17 DOI: 10.3201/eid3101.240401
Paulina Soto, Francisca Bravo-Risi, Rebeca Benavente, Tucker H. Stimming, Michael J. Bodenchuk, Patrick Whitley, Clint Turnage, Terry R. Spraker, Justin Greenlee, Glenn Telling, Jennifer Malmberg, Thomas Gidlewski, Tracy Nichols, Vienna R. Brown, Rodrigo Morales

Using a prion amplification assay, we identified prions in tissues from wild pigs (Sus scrofa) living in areas of the United States with variable chronic wasting disease (CWD) epidemiology. Our findings indicate that scavenging swine could play a role in disseminating CWD and could therefore influence its epidemiology, geographic distribution, and interspecies spread.

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引用次数: 0
Spread of Antifungal-Resistant Trichophyton indotineae, United Kingdom, 2017–2024
IF 11.8 2区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-17 DOI: 10.3201/eid3101.240923
Alireza Abdolrasouli, Richard C. Barton, Andrew M. Borman

We describe 157 cases of Trichophyton indotineae infection in the United Kingdom, mostly in patients linked to southern Asia. T. indotineae is spreading in the United Kingdom and accounts for 38% of dermatophyte isolates referred to the UK National Mycology Reference Laboratory. Clinicians should suspect T. indotineae in tinea corporis cases.

我们描述了英国 157 例毛癣菌感染病例,其中大部分患者与南亚有关。indotineae 毛癣菌正在英国蔓延,占英国国家真菌学参考实验室(UK National Mycology Reference Laboratory)收到的皮癣菌分离物的 38%。临床医生应怀疑体癣病例中的 T. indotineae。
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引用次数: 0
Social Contact Patterns in Rural and Urban Settings, Mozambique, 2021–2022
IF 11.8 2区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-17 DOI: 10.3201/eid3101.240875
Moses C. Kiti, Charfudin Sacoor, Obianuju G. Aguolu, Alana Zelaya, Holin Chen, Sara S. Kim, Nilzio Cavele, Edgar Jamisse, Corssino Tchavana, Americo Jose, Ivalda Macicame, Orvalho Joaquim, Noureen Ahmed, Carol Y. Liu, Inci Yildirim, Kristin Nelson, Samuel M. Jenness, Herberth Maldonado, Momin Kazi, Rajan Srinivasan, Venkata R. Mohan, Alessia Melegaro, Fauzia Malik, Azucena Bardaji, Saad B. Omer, Ben Lopman

Few sources have reported empirical social contact data from resource-poor settings. To address this shortfall, we recruited 1,363 participants from rural and urban areas of Mozambique during the COVID-19 pandemic, determining age, sex, and relation to the contact for each person. Participants reported a mean of 8.3 (95% CI 8.0–8.6) contacts per person. The mean contact rates were higher in the rural site compared with the urban site (9.8 vs 6.8; p<0.01). Using mathematical models, we noted higher vaccine effects in the rural site when comparing empirical (32%) with synthetic (29%) contact matrices and lower corresponding vaccine effects in the urban site (32% vs 35%). Those effects were prominent in younger (0–9 years) and older (≥60 years) persons. Our work highlights the importance of empirical data, showing differences in contact rates and patterns between rural and urban sites in Mozambique and their nonnegligible effects in modeling potential effects of vaccine interventions.

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引用次数: 0
A Step Forward in Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae Diagnostics 高病毒性肺炎克雷伯氏菌诊断技术向前迈进了一步
IF 11.8 2区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-16 DOI: 10.3201/eid3101.241516
Thomas A. Russo, Francois Lebreton, Patrick T. McGann

Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKp) can cause life-threatening infections in healthy community members. HvKp Infections often involve multiple sites, some of which are unusual for classical K. pneumoniae (cKp) infections, such as the central nervous system, eyes, and fascia. The acquisition of antimicrobial resistance by hvKp has resulted in concerns of an emerging superbug. This concern is magnified by increasing geographic dissemination and healthcare associated infections. Currently, diagnostic testing to differentiate hvKp from cKp is lacking, causing challenges for clinical care, surveillance, and research. Although imperfect, the detection of all 5 of the biomarkers iucA, iroB, peg-344, rmpA, and rmpA2 is the most accurate and pragmatic means to identify hvKp. We propose a working definition for hvKp that will enhance accuracy for diagnosis and surveillance, which will aid in preventing the spread of hvKp.

高病毒性肺炎克雷伯氏菌(hvKp)可导致健康社区成员发生危及生命的感染。HvKp 感染通常涉及多个部位,其中一些部位在传统肺炎克雷伯菌(cKp)感染中并不常见,如中枢神经系统、眼睛和筋膜。由于 hvKp 对抗菌药产生耐药性,人们担心会出现超级细菌。这种担忧随着地理分布和医疗相关感染的增加而加剧。目前,还缺乏区分 hvKp 和 cKp 的诊断测试,这给临床护理、监测和研究带来了挑战。尽管尚不完善,但检测全部 5 个生物标记物 iucA、iroB、peg-344、rmpA 和 rmpA2 是识别 hvKp 的最准确、最实用的方法。我们提出了 hvKp 的工作定义,它将提高诊断和监测的准确性,有助于防止 hvKp 的传播。
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引用次数: 0
Hansen’s Disease: A Complete Clinical Guide
IF 11.8 2区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-15 DOI: 10.3201/eid3101.241121
Rezhan Hussein
Books and Media
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Emerging Infectious Diseases
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