Emerging Infectious Diseases最新文献

We report a rare case of pneumonia caused by human mastadenovirus (HAdV) B55 in France in a patient without recent travel history. HAdV-B55 infection was identified retrospectively after being detected in feces during an investigation for concomitant diarrhea. This case suggests possible silent endemic circulation of HAdV-B55 in France.

We report an unexpected case of Bartonella quintana endocarditis and pauci-immune glomerulonephritis in a patient without known risk factors in Los Angeles, California, USA, highlighting that infection can occur in the general population without a history of homelessness. The diagnosis was challenging and made definitively through extensive diagnostic tests and multidisciplinary investigation.

We identified 34 patients with Coxiella burnetii infection using PCR; 31 (86%) cases were diagnosed from cardiac specimens. Nearly half (15/31, 48%) of those cases were not reported to any channel of national disease surveillance, indicating substantial underreporting for diseases identified using molecular methods at noncommercial laboratories.

During May–December 2024, we detected Oropouche virus (OROV) in 13.9% (263/1,890) of febrile patients in Ceará state, Brazil. Genomic sequencing revealed those cases were caused by a novel OROV reassortant previously identified in the Amazon region. Our data show the introduction and establishment of OROV transmission in Ceará, northeastern Brazil.

We measured stability of infectious influenza A(H5N1) virus in irradiated raw milk and wastewater and on surfaces. We found a relatively slow decay in milk, indicating that contaminated milk and fomites pose transmission risks. Although the risk is low, our results call for caution in milk handling and disposal from infected cattle.

We report the detection of batborne hantaviruses in 2 bat species (Aselliscus stoliczkanus and Hipposideros gentilis) in Laos, expanding the known geographic distribution of hantaviruses in Southeast Asia. Given the frequent human–wildlife contact in the region, researchers should continue to characterize the viruses and investigate their zoonotic potential.

Data on enteric yersinioses in Central America are limited. Genomic characterization of 78 Yersinia enterocolitica isolates from Costa Rica indicated persistent infection-source circulation between animal reservoirs and humans, as well as unusual antimicrobial resistance levels. Our study highlights the importance of genomic surveillance to monitor Yersinia-caused infections in Costa Rica.

Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infection can cause potentially fatal hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). To determine epidemiologic and bacterial genomic factors associated with HUS, we conducted a retrospective case–control study with 108 HUS cases and 416 unmatched controls (non-HUS) selected among STEC notifications in Ireland during 2017–2020. We combined routinely collected epidemiologic data on STEC notifications with genomewide association study findings and used logistic regression to estimate adjusted odds ratios. Our findings reaffirmed known risk factors, such as young age (0–9 years) and presence of specific stx genes or gene combinations (stx2a; stx1a + stx2a; stx1a + stx2c), and additionally suggest that having outbreak-associated infection, residence within the East region of Ireland, and the combined presence of both ygiW and group_5720 or both pfkA and fieF genes are potentially associated with developing HUS. Our findings could improve early identification of high-risk STEC infections and help guide enhanced surveillance and public health management.

After nearly 4 decades, Brucella abortus has reemerged in Israel, triggering an outbreak across 2 dairy farms (82/137 cows affected), as well as cases in dogs and 1 human case. Despite thorough epidemiologic and genomic investigation, the outbreak source remains unidentified. Such reemergence poses One Health challenges and necessitates ongoing surveillance.

Carbapenem-resistant and virulence plasmid–harboring Klebsiella pneumoniae (pVir-CRKP) has emerged and spread globally, yet clinical investigations from the United States remain limited. We conducted a genomic analysis of 884 unique carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae isolates from a multicenter US cohort and identified 6 pVir-CRKP isolates, including 2 sequence type (ST) 23, 2 ST893, and 2 ST11 isolates. Patients infected with pVir-CRKP experienced high Pitt bacteremia scores and a 33% 30-day mortality rate. The pVir-CRKP isolates exhibited significant sequence variation in virulence genes and plasmids, along with differences in mucoviscosity, capsule production, survival in normal human serum, resistance to killing by human polymorphonuclear neutrophils, and in vivo pathogenicity. Phylogenetic analyses showed that most pVir-CRKP isolates were genetically similar to strains reported from other global regions. The emergence of pVir-CRKP with higher virulence potential and carbapenem resistance in the United States than the predominant carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae clone underscores the need for active global surveillance.