William W Davis, Kathrine R Tan, Borann Sar, Alyssa Finlay, Heng Seng, Vicheth Long, Savuth Chin, Darapheak Chau, Kim Sreng Leang, Mich Vann, Sovandara Lam, Dara Chan, Ly Vannara Tek, Sovann Ly, Timothy M Uyeki
Of 19 human cases of avian influenza A(H5N1) virus infection detected during January 2023-March 2025 in Cambodia, 12 (63%) were detected directly by surveillance for severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) or indirectly by testing ill close contacts. SARI surveillance can supplement other surveillance sources for identifying H5N1 cases.
{"title":"Detecting Influenza A(H5N1) Viruses through Severe Acute Respiratory Infection Surveillance, Cambodia.","authors":"William W Davis, Kathrine R Tan, Borann Sar, Alyssa Finlay, Heng Seng, Vicheth Long, Savuth Chin, Darapheak Chau, Kim Sreng Leang, Mich Vann, Sovandara Lam, Dara Chan, Ly Vannara Tek, Sovann Ly, Timothy M Uyeki","doi":"10.3201/eid3203.250832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3203.250832","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Of 19 human cases of avian influenza A(H5N1) virus infection detected during January 2023-March 2025 in Cambodia, 12 (63%) were detected directly by surveillance for severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) or indirectly by testing ill close contacts. SARI surveillance can supplement other surveillance sources for identifying H5N1 cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":11595,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","volume":"32 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146124219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Natalie N Tarbuck,John Franks,Jeremy C Jones,Ahmed Kandeil,Jennifer DeBeauchamp,Lance Miller,Thomas Fabrizio,Karlie Woodard,Hannah J Cochran,Madison C Owsiany,Bryant M Foreman,James F Lowe,Richard J Webby,Andrew S Bowman
US retail milk monitoring during April 13-May 3, 2024, identified influenza A(H5N1) viral RNA in 36% of retail milk samples, indicating widespread undetected infections in US dairy cows. After federal initiatives, reported infections more closely aligned with findings in retail milk during December 27, 2024-January 29, 2025, reflecting improved detection and control.
{"title":"Retail Milk Monitoring of Influenza A(H5N1) in Dairy Cattle, United States, 2024-2025.","authors":"Natalie N Tarbuck,John Franks,Jeremy C Jones,Ahmed Kandeil,Jennifer DeBeauchamp,Lance Miller,Thomas Fabrizio,Karlie Woodard,Hannah J Cochran,Madison C Owsiany,Bryant M Foreman,James F Lowe,Richard J Webby,Andrew S Bowman","doi":"10.3201/eid3202.251332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3202.251332","url":null,"abstract":"US retail milk monitoring during April 13-May 3, 2024, identified influenza A(H5N1) viral RNA in 36% of retail milk samples, indicating widespread undetected infections in US dairy cows. After federal initiatives, reported infections more closely aligned with findings in retail milk during December 27, 2024-January 29, 2025, reflecting improved detection and control.","PeriodicalId":11595,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146072950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ana Citlali Márquez,Saina Beitari,Tahereh Valadbeigy,Linda Hoang,Yohannes Berhane,Agatha N Jassem
We evaluated 2 electrochemiluminescence serologic assays to detect avian influenza H5 antibodies. Both assays identified H5 antibodies from both serum and dried blood spots and had strong specificity and minimal cross-reactivity in human and avian samples. Such assays can support populationwide serologic surveys aimed at assessing population-level immunity.
{"title":"Detection of Avian Influenza H5-Specific Antibodies by Chemiluminescent Assays.","authors":"Ana Citlali Márquez,Saina Beitari,Tahereh Valadbeigy,Linda Hoang,Yohannes Berhane,Agatha N Jassem","doi":"10.3201/eid3201.251117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3201.251117","url":null,"abstract":"We evaluated 2 electrochemiluminescence serologic assays to detect avian influenza H5 antibodies. Both assays identified H5 antibodies from both serum and dried blood spots and had strong specificity and minimal cross-reactivity in human and avian samples. Such assays can support populationwide serologic surveys aimed at assessing population-level immunity.","PeriodicalId":11595,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146015187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gregory C Gray,Anastasia N Vlasova,John A Lednicky,Thang Nguyen-Tien,Ismaila Shittu,Feng Li
In 2009 and again in 2019, public health warnings were confirmed by the emergence, rapid widespread transmission, and lethality of novel influenza and coronaviruses. The world continues to suffer disease from these respiratory viruses. Two newly recognized emergent respiratory viruses, influenza D and canine coronavirus HuPn-2018, have been shown to have considerable potential for causing future human epidemics, but diagnostics and surveillance for the viruses are lacking. We reviewed data regarding influenza D virus and coronavirus canine coronavirus HuPn-2018. Those data strongly indicate that these viruses are major newly recognized threats. However, little is being done to respond to or prevent disease associated with these viruses, warranting the question of whether we will learn from previous pandemics.
{"title":"Emerging Respiratory Virus Threats from Influenza D and Canine Coronavirus HuPn-2018.","authors":"Gregory C Gray,Anastasia N Vlasova,John A Lednicky,Thang Nguyen-Tien,Ismaila Shittu,Feng Li","doi":"10.3201/eid3201.251764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3201.251764","url":null,"abstract":"In 2009 and again in 2019, public health warnings were confirmed by the emergence, rapid widespread transmission, and lethality of novel influenza and coronaviruses. The world continues to suffer disease from these respiratory viruses. Two newly recognized emergent respiratory viruses, influenza D and canine coronavirus HuPn-2018, have been shown to have considerable potential for causing future human epidemics, but diagnostics and surveillance for the viruses are lacking. We reviewed data regarding influenza D virus and coronavirus canine coronavirus HuPn-2018. Those data strongly indicate that these viruses are major newly recognized threats. However, little is being done to respond to or prevent disease associated with these viruses, warranting the question of whether we will learn from previous pandemics.","PeriodicalId":11595,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146015207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rocio Kohan,Helena Gil-Campesino,Inés O García Rodríguez,Magdalena Lara
We report 2 cases of donor-derived Strongyloides stercoralis infection in renal transplant recipients. Despite initial negative serologic testing in donor samples, retrospective testing confirmed transmission. This report underscores the limitations of serologic screening, the need for targeted protocols in endemic-risk populations, and the importance of close posttransplant surveillance.
{"title":"Donor Screening Failure for Strongyloides stercoralis in Solid Organ Transplantation.","authors":"Rocio Kohan,Helena Gil-Campesino,Inés O García Rodríguez,Magdalena Lara","doi":"10.3201/eid3201.251483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3201.251483","url":null,"abstract":"We report 2 cases of donor-derived Strongyloides stercoralis infection in renal transplant recipients. Despite initial negative serologic testing in donor samples, retrospective testing confirmed transmission. This report underscores the limitations of serologic screening, the need for targeted protocols in endemic-risk populations, and the importance of close posttransplant surveillance.","PeriodicalId":11595,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145986283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marburg virus (MARV) is the primary cause of Marburg virus disease (MVD), a severe hemorrhagic fever with a high case-fatality rate. The first reported MVD outbreak in Tanzania occurred in 2023, followed by a second outbreak in 2025, both within the Kagera region. During those MVD outbreaks, 174 suspected cases were identified; of those, 10 were laboratory confirmed. After complete genome assembly and bioinformatic analyses, we found the MARV strains of the 2023 and 2025 outbreaks to be closely related and clustered with MARV strains that caused outbreaks in Rwanda (2024) and Uganda (2014). The sequences from both MVD outbreaks in Tanzania showed >99.71% nucleotide identity, suggesting a possible single spillover event followed by limited human-to-human virus transmission. Further ecologic studies are essential to identify potential spillover events, but our findings indicate that closely related MARV strains circulate in Kagera, Tanzania, posing a risk for future outbreak recurrence.
{"title":"Genomic Insights into Marburg Virus Strains from 2023 and 2025 Outbreaks in Kagera, Tanzania.","authors":"Lawrence A Mapunda,Medard Beyanga,Nyambura Moremi,Jean N Hakizimana,Doreen Kamori,Alfred Chacha,Edna Mgimba,Dennis Mrosso,Ambele E Mwafulango,Jackson Mushumbusi,Ferdinand Ndunguru,Seif Abdul,Emmanuel Mkumbo,Maria E Kelly,Céline Barnadas,Vida Mmbaga,Rogath Kishimba,Samwel Laizer,Ntuli Kapologwe,Michael Kiremeji,Erasto Sylvanus,Angela Samwel,Saumu Nungu,Emmanuel Achol,Julien Nguinkal,Hakimu Idris Lagu,Muna Affara,Florian Gehre,Calvin Sindato,Chacha Mangu,Elias Nyanda Ntinginya,Saida Murugwa,Pawan Angra,Shannon Whitmer,George Mgomella,Mahesh Swaminathan,Wangeci Gatei,Dorcas Wanjohi,Sofonias Tessema,Yenew Kebede,Said Aboud,Charles Sagoe-Moses,Alex Magesa,Gerald Misinzo,Tumaini Nagu,Grace Magembe","doi":"10.3201/eid3201.251314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3201.251314","url":null,"abstract":"Marburg virus (MARV) is the primary cause of Marburg virus disease (MVD), a severe hemorrhagic fever with a high case-fatality rate. The first reported MVD outbreak in Tanzania occurred in 2023, followed by a second outbreak in 2025, both within the Kagera region. During those MVD outbreaks, 174 suspected cases were identified; of those, 10 were laboratory confirmed. After complete genome assembly and bioinformatic analyses, we found the MARV strains of the 2023 and 2025 outbreaks to be closely related and clustered with MARV strains that caused outbreaks in Rwanda (2024) and Uganda (2014). The sequences from both MVD outbreaks in Tanzania showed >99.71% nucleotide identity, suggesting a possible single spillover event followed by limited human-to-human virus transmission. Further ecologic studies are essential to identify potential spillover events, but our findings indicate that closely related MARV strains circulate in Kagera, Tanzania, posing a risk for future outbreak recurrence.","PeriodicalId":11595,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145971881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bianca Filoni, María Emilia Lucero, Guadalupe Di Cola, Anabella Fantilli, Alfonsina Roccia, Paola Sicilia, Liliana Luque, Ariana Cachi, María de Los Ángeles Marinzalda, Gonzalo Castro, Gisela Masachessi, Viviana Ré, María Belén Pisano
During 2023-2024, we detected rat hepatitis E virus in 67.7% of wastewater samples from central Argentina. This high level of detection opens new inquiries in the region, highlighting the need to investigate the virus in both animal reservoirs and humans, with a focus on hepatitis cases of unknown etiology.
{"title":"Evidence of Rat Hepatitis E Virus Circulation through Wastewater Surveillance, Central Argentina.","authors":"Bianca Filoni, María Emilia Lucero, Guadalupe Di Cola, Anabella Fantilli, Alfonsina Roccia, Paola Sicilia, Liliana Luque, Ariana Cachi, María de Los Ángeles Marinzalda, Gonzalo Castro, Gisela Masachessi, Viviana Ré, María Belén Pisano","doi":"10.3201/eid3201.251218","DOIUrl":"10.3201/eid3201.251218","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During 2023-2024, we detected rat hepatitis E virus in 67.7% of wastewater samples from central Argentina. This high level of detection opens new inquiries in the region, highlighting the need to investigate the virus in both animal reservoirs and humans, with a focus on hepatitis cases of unknown etiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":11595,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","volume":"32 1","pages":"133-136"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12870092/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146084937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ranawaka A P M Perera, Andrew Marques, Jevon Graham-Wooten, Li Hui Tan, Noam Cohen, Kyle Rodino, Ronald G Collman, Frederic D Bushman, Susan R Weiss
We evaluated the efficiency of SARS-CoV-2 detection from patient respiratory specimens by comparing 3 cell lines: Vero E6, Vero E6 expressing transmembrane protease serine 2 (Vero E6 T2), and Vero E6 expressing angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and transmembrane protease serine 2 (Vero E6 A2T2). We compared a range of sample types, clinical conditions, and real-time reverse transcription PCR cycle threshold values. Vero E6 A2T2 exhibited enhanced sensitivity by supporting efficient virus entry and replication with faster cytopathic effect. Vero E6 culture isolated infectious virus only up to 3 days after PCR confirmation but with Vero E6 A2T2 cells, culture occurred up to 7 days after confirmation. Whole-genome sequencing showed no evidence of adaptive mutations when Vero E6 A2T2 was used for viral culture, supporting use for downstream analyses. Optimized infectious virus detection systems are needed for research and clinical settings, particularly for high-risk, immunocompromised populations that produce virus longer and contribute to variant emergence.
{"title":"Enhanced Isolation and Detection of COVID-19 in Hospitalized Patients Undergoing Antiviral Therapy.","authors":"Ranawaka A P M Perera, Andrew Marques, Jevon Graham-Wooten, Li Hui Tan, Noam Cohen, Kyle Rodino, Ronald G Collman, Frederic D Bushman, Susan R Weiss","doi":"10.3201/eid3201.251011","DOIUrl":"10.3201/eid3201.251011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We evaluated the efficiency of SARS-CoV-2 detection from patient respiratory specimens by comparing 3 cell lines: Vero E6, Vero E6 expressing transmembrane protease serine 2 (Vero E6 T2), and Vero E6 expressing angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and transmembrane protease serine 2 (Vero E6 A2T2). We compared a range of sample types, clinical conditions, and real-time reverse transcription PCR cycle threshold values. Vero E6 A2T2 exhibited enhanced sensitivity by supporting efficient virus entry and replication with faster cytopathic effect. Vero E6 culture isolated infectious virus only up to 3 days after PCR confirmation but with Vero E6 A2T2 cells, culture occurred up to 7 days after confirmation. Whole-genome sequencing showed no evidence of adaptive mutations when Vero E6 A2T2 was used for viral culture, supporting use for downstream analyses. Optimized infectious virus detection systems are needed for research and clinical settings, particularly for high-risk, immunocompromised populations that produce virus longer and contribute to variant emergence.</p>","PeriodicalId":11595,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","volume":"32 1","pages":"103-113"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12870042/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146084964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We report the emergence and spread of multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis type 27 (MT-27) macrolide-resistant Bordetella pertussis (MRBP) in Kobe, Japan, in 2025. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that MT27-MRBP did not originate from the widely circulating MT27 macrolide-sensitive B. pertussis in Japan but was closely related to MRBP in China.
{"title":"Molecular Analysis of Emerging MT27 Macrolide-Resistant Bordetella pertussis, Kobe, Japan, 2025.","authors":"Shoko Komatsu, Noriko Nakanishi, Kousaku Matsubara, Yuui Inenaga, Masayuki Hori, Kiyo Shiotani, Rumi Morimoto, Chie Nantani, Yuki Muneta, Nobuya Kusunoki","doi":"10.3201/eid3201.250890","DOIUrl":"10.3201/eid3201.250890","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report the emergence and spread of multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis type 27 (MT-27) macrolide-resistant Bordetella pertussis (MRBP) in Kobe, Japan, in 2025. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that MT27-MRBP did not originate from the widely circulating MT27 macrolide-sensitive B. pertussis in Japan but was closely related to MRBP in China.</p>","PeriodicalId":11595,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","volume":"32 1","pages":"150-153"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12872074/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146084889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mycobacterium decipiens is a newly identified species with high genomic similarity to M. tuberculosis. We report a cutaneous M. decipiens infection in a patient in France who had inflammatory bowel disease being treated with anti-tumor necrosis factor-α therapy. The infection was successfully treated with an oral antimicrobial regimen.
{"title":"Mycobacterium decipiens Infection in Patient Receiving Anti-TNF-α Therapy, France, 2024.","authors":"Justin Charles-Antoine Destoop, Corentin Poignon, William Danjou, Alexandre Bleibtreu, Valerie Pourcher, Gentiane Monsel","doi":"10.3201/eid3201.250518","DOIUrl":"10.3201/eid3201.250518","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mycobacterium decipiens is a newly identified species with high genomic similarity to M. tuberculosis. We report a cutaneous M. decipiens infection in a patient in France who had inflammatory bowel disease being treated with anti-tumor necrosis factor-α therapy. The infection was successfully treated with an oral antimicrobial regimen.</p>","PeriodicalId":11595,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","volume":"32 1","pages":"146-148"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12870094/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146084896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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