Robyn Silcock, Robert Horvath, Su May Chew, Clare Nourse
Optimal management of the birthing parent with Q fever in pregnancy and of the infant has not been established. Coxiella burnetii expresses a tropism for the placenta; resulting infection can potentially lead to spontaneous abortion and fetal demise. Although evidence around preventing transmission and infection in the peripartum and postpartum period is lacking, reports of healthy babies born to mothers with acute or chronic Q fever in pregnancy are increasing. Historically, many clinicians have recommended against breastfeeding in this setting because of a theoretical risk for bacterial transmission through breastmilk. We discuss 2 women in Australia who had Q fever in pregnancy, focusing on the peripartum period and infant management. Breastfeeding was encouraged in both cases. Both infants were born healthy and at term and have demonstrated no serologic or clinical evidence of Q fever infection in the first year of life.
{"title":"Two Cases of Q Fever in Pregnancy, including Management of the Newborn, Australia.","authors":"Robyn Silcock, Robert Horvath, Su May Chew, Clare Nourse","doi":"10.3201/eid3201.251048","DOIUrl":"10.3201/eid3201.251048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Optimal management of the birthing parent with Q fever in pregnancy and of the infant has not been established. Coxiella burnetii expresses a tropism for the placenta; resulting infection can potentially lead to spontaneous abortion and fetal demise. Although evidence around preventing transmission and infection in the peripartum and postpartum period is lacking, reports of healthy babies born to mothers with acute or chronic Q fever in pregnancy are increasing. Historically, many clinicians have recommended against breastfeeding in this setting because of a theoretical risk for bacterial transmission through breastmilk. We discuss 2 women in Australia who had Q fever in pregnancy, focusing on the peripartum period and infant management. Breastfeeding was encouraged in both cases. Both infants were born healthy and at term and have demonstrated no serologic or clinical evidence of Q fever infection in the first year of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":11595,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","volume":"32 1","pages":"21-27"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12870122/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146084934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ralph E T Vanstreels,Martha I Nelson,María C Artuso,Vanina D Marchione,Luana E Piccini,Estefania Benedetti,Alvin Crespo-Bellido,Agostina Pierdomenico,Thorsten Wolff,Marcela M Uhart,Agustina Rimondi
Genomic sequencing of reemerging highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus detected in Argentina in February 2025 revealed novel triple-reassortant viruses containing gene segments from Eurasian H5N1 and low pathogenicity viruses from South and North American lineages. Our findings highlight continued evolution and diversification of clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 in the Americas.
{"title":"Novel Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus, Argentina, 2025.","authors":"Ralph E T Vanstreels,Martha I Nelson,María C Artuso,Vanina D Marchione,Luana E Piccini,Estefania Benedetti,Alvin Crespo-Bellido,Agostina Pierdomenico,Thorsten Wolff,Marcela M Uhart,Agustina Rimondi","doi":"10.3201/eid3112.250783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3112.250783","url":null,"abstract":"Genomic sequencing of reemerging highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus detected in Argentina in February 2025 revealed novel triple-reassortant viruses containing gene segments from Eurasian H5N1 and low pathogenicity viruses from South and North American lineages. Our findings highlight continued evolution and diversification of clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 in the Americas.","PeriodicalId":11595,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","volume":"231 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145732761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David W McCormick,Raymond Lynch,Brianna Doby,Sarah Laskey,Pallavi Annambhotla,Ryan M Wallace,Sarah C Bonaparte,Lauri A Hicks,Sridhar V Basavaraju,Ian Kracalik
Rabies is transmissible through transplantation. Wild mammal bites or scratches carry a high risk for rabies, but their frequency among organ donors is unknown. During 2024, an estimated 12 (95% CI 7-20; 0.07%) of 16,989 deceased US donors had high-risk exposures. Identifying such exposures can mitigate rabies transmission to transplant recipients.
狂犬病可通过移植传播。野生哺乳动物的咬伤或抓伤有很高的狂犬病风险，但在器官捐献者中发生的频率尚不清楚。在2024年期间，估计16,989名已故美国献血者中有12人（95% CI 7-20; 0.07%）有高风险暴露。确定这种暴露可以减轻狂犬病对移植受者的传播。
{"title":"Wild and Domestic Animal Exposure among Deceased Persons Referred for Organ Procurement, United States.","authors":"David W McCormick,Raymond Lynch,Brianna Doby,Sarah Laskey,Pallavi Annambhotla,Ryan M Wallace,Sarah C Bonaparte,Lauri A Hicks,Sridhar V Basavaraju,Ian Kracalik","doi":"10.3201/eid3112.251486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3112.251486","url":null,"abstract":"Rabies is transmissible through transplantation. Wild mammal bites or scratches carry a high risk for rabies, but their frequency among organ donors is unknown. During 2024, an estimated 12 (95% CI 7-20; 0.07%) of 16,989 deceased US donors had high-risk exposures. Identifying such exposures can mitigate rabies transmission to transplant recipients.","PeriodicalId":11595,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145732759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brent D Nelson,Amara Finch,Krow Ampofo,Elizabeth L Ryals,Andrew T Pavia,Anne J Blaschke,Jody L Lin,Benjamin Kalm,Julian A Villalba,Julu Bhatnagar,Bert Lopansri,Elizabeth D Knackstedt
We diagnosed neuroinvasive tularemia in a neonate in Utah who had culture-negative pleocytosis in cerebrospinal fluid, rim-enhancing lesions on brain magnetic resonance imaging, and blood microbial cell-free DNA Francisella tularensis detection. Maternal history, serologic testing, and Francisella sp. identified in the fallopian tube by immunohistochemistry and 16S rRNA gene PCR strongly support congenital infection.
{"title":"Case of Congenital Tularemia with Neuroinvasive Disease, Utah, USA.","authors":"Brent D Nelson,Amara Finch,Krow Ampofo,Elizabeth L Ryals,Andrew T Pavia,Anne J Blaschke,Jody L Lin,Benjamin Kalm,Julian A Villalba,Julu Bhatnagar,Bert Lopansri,Elizabeth D Knackstedt","doi":"10.3201/eid3112.250703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3112.250703","url":null,"abstract":"We diagnosed neuroinvasive tularemia in a neonate in Utah who had culture-negative pleocytosis in cerebrospinal fluid, rim-enhancing lesions on brain magnetic resonance imaging, and blood microbial cell-free DNA Francisella tularensis detection. Maternal history, serologic testing, and Francisella sp. identified in the fallopian tube by immunohistochemistry and 16S rRNA gene PCR strongly support congenital infection.","PeriodicalId":11595,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145732591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jerson Andrés Cuéllar-Sáenz,Alfonso J Rodríguez-Morales,Álvaro A Faccini-Martínez
Yellow fever, a zoonotic arboviral disease, has reemerged in Colombia, triggering a major outbreak in the country. During 2024 through mid-2025, a total of 132 human cases and 68 infections in nonhuman primates were confirmed, primarily in the department of Tolima, historically considered a low-risk area. We analyzed the historical and current epidemiology of yellow fever in Colombia, highlighting ecologic, social, and surveillance factors that contributed to the outbreak. Low vaccination coverage, insufficient epizootic and entomological surveillance, deforestation, habitat fragmentation, and limited application of One Health approaches have all exacerbated the situation. The high mortality rate of nonhuman primate species indicated a more profound ecologic crisis. Immediate, comprehensive measures, including mass vaccination, genomic surveillance, and integrated One Health frameworks, are urgently needed. Colombia's experience underscores the need to reevaluate risk stratification and preparedness strategies across the Americas to prevent future yellow fever outbreaks in previously unaffected regions.
{"title":"Reemergence of Yellow Fever, Magdalena Valley, Colombia, 2024-2025.","authors":"Jerson Andrés Cuéllar-Sáenz,Alfonso J Rodríguez-Morales,Álvaro A Faccini-Martínez","doi":"10.3201/eid3112.251209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3112.251209","url":null,"abstract":"Yellow fever, a zoonotic arboviral disease, has reemerged in Colombia, triggering a major outbreak in the country. During 2024 through mid-2025, a total of 132 human cases and 68 infections in nonhuman primates were confirmed, primarily in the department of Tolima, historically considered a low-risk area. We analyzed the historical and current epidemiology of yellow fever in Colombia, highlighting ecologic, social, and surveillance factors that contributed to the outbreak. Low vaccination coverage, insufficient epizootic and entomological surveillance, deforestation, habitat fragmentation, and limited application of One Health approaches have all exacerbated the situation. The high mortality rate of nonhuman primate species indicated a more profound ecologic crisis. Immediate, comprehensive measures, including mass vaccination, genomic surveillance, and integrated One Health frameworks, are urgently needed. Colombia's experience underscores the need to reevaluate risk stratification and preparedness strategies across the Americas to prevent future yellow fever outbreaks in previously unaffected regions.","PeriodicalId":11595,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145732758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juraj Cervenak, Oksana Yakovleva, Cyrus Bett, Teresa Pilant, Kelly Rice, Lewis Shankle, David M Asher, Luisa Gregori, Pedro Piccardo
{"title":"Abnormal Prion Protein in Nasal Swab Specimens of Macaques Infected with Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease.","authors":"Juraj Cervenak, Oksana Yakovleva, Cyrus Bett, Teresa Pilant, Kelly Rice, Lewis Shankle, David M Asher, Luisa Gregori, Pedro Piccardo","doi":"10.3201/eid3112.250679","DOIUrl":"10.3201/eid3112.250679","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11595,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","volume":"31 12","pages":"2312-2315"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12782185/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145905612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Huanyu Wang, Tori Embry, Kathy Everhart, Morgan Szekely, Jeanette Taveras, Sophonie J Oyeniran, Amy L Leber
As the COVID-19 pandemic waned, Mycoplasma pneumoniae reemerged in the pediatric population in Ohio, USA. The rate of macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae fluctuated by month, ranging from 0 to 8.7%, and mirrored the azithromycin prescribing rate. Real-time surveillance for macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae provides accurate information for management of children with these infections.
{"title":"Macrolide-Resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae in Children, Ohio, USA.","authors":"Huanyu Wang, Tori Embry, Kathy Everhart, Morgan Szekely, Jeanette Taveras, Sophonie J Oyeniran, Amy L Leber","doi":"10.3201/eid3112.251008","DOIUrl":"10.3201/eid3112.251008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As the COVID-19 pandemic waned, Mycoplasma pneumoniae reemerged in the pediatric population in Ohio, USA. The rate of macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae fluctuated by month, ranging from 0 to 8.7%, and mirrored the azithromycin prescribing rate. Real-time surveillance for macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae provides accurate information for management of children with these infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":11595,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","volume":"31 12","pages":"2341-2343"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12782270/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145905826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marco W G van de Bildt, Jolianne M Rijks, Trine Hammer Jensen, Sophie M J M Brasseur, Marja J L Kik, Albert D M E Osterhaus, Andrea Gröne, Thijs Kuiken, Jooske IJzer
Phocine distemper virus caused epizootics of fatal pneumonia in North Sea harbor seals in 1988 and 2002. Two seals that stranded years later were infected with defective phocine distemper virus variants that caused severe encephalomyelitis. Old seal encephalitis resembled subacute sclerosing panencephalitis in humans and old dog encephalitis in canines.
{"title":"Persistent Infection in Harbor Seals 12-13 Years after Phocine Distemper Virus Epizootics in 1988 and 2002, North Sea.","authors":"Marco W G van de Bildt, Jolianne M Rijks, Trine Hammer Jensen, Sophie M J M Brasseur, Marja J L Kik, Albert D M E Osterhaus, Andrea Gröne, Thijs Kuiken, Jooske IJzer","doi":"10.3201/eid3112.250329","DOIUrl":"10.3201/eid3112.250329","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phocine distemper virus caused epizootics of fatal pneumonia in North Sea harbor seals in 1988 and 2002. Two seals that stranded years later were infected with defective phocine distemper virus variants that caused severe encephalomyelitis. Old seal encephalitis resembled subacute sclerosing panencephalitis in humans and old dog encephalitis in canines.</p>","PeriodicalId":11595,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","volume":"31 12","pages":"2324-2327"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12782187/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145905846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Caroline Q Pratt, Alexandra F Dalton, Emily H Koumans, Abraham Agedew, Fatima Coronado, Elizabeth A Lundeen, Rebecca C Woodruff, Jason P Block, Mark Weiner, Lindsay Cowell, Jonathan D Arnold, Sharon Saydah
Previous studies have documented an increased risk for thrombotic events 30 days after COVID-19 infection, but less is known about this risk beyond 30 days or compared with risk after other infectious acute respiratory illnesses (ARIs). By using PCORnet data from April 1, 2022-April 30, 2023, we compared the incidences of thrombotic events in the year after COVID-19 illness with other ARI diagnoses in hospitalized and nonhospitalized patients. Overall, the risk for any thrombotic event was higher among patients with COVID-19 compared with patients with other ARIs (incidence ratio 1.63; p<0.05). Nonhospitalized patients with COVID-19 had a 73% increased risk for a thrombotic event in the year after acute illness compared with nonhospitalized patients with ARI (p<0.05). The increased risk for thrombotic events in the year after COVID-19 emphasizes the need for stroke awareness for patients and healthcare professionals.
{"title":"Thrombotic Events and Stroke in the Year After COVID-19 or Other Acute Respiratory Infection.","authors":"Caroline Q Pratt, Alexandra F Dalton, Emily H Koumans, Abraham Agedew, Fatima Coronado, Elizabeth A Lundeen, Rebecca C Woodruff, Jason P Block, Mark Weiner, Lindsay Cowell, Jonathan D Arnold, Sharon Saydah","doi":"10.3201/eid3114.250630","DOIUrl":"10.3201/eid3114.250630","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous studies have documented an increased risk for thrombotic events 30 days after COVID-19 infection, but less is known about this risk beyond 30 days or compared with risk after other infectious acute respiratory illnesses (ARIs). By using PCORnet data from April 1, 2022-April 30, 2023, we compared the incidences of thrombotic events in the year after COVID-19 illness with other ARI diagnoses in hospitalized and nonhospitalized patients. Overall, the risk for any thrombotic event was higher among patients with COVID-19 compared with patients with other ARIs (incidence ratio 1.63; p<0.05). Nonhospitalized patients with COVID-19 had a 73% increased risk for a thrombotic event in the year after acute illness compared with nonhospitalized patients with ARI (p<0.05). The increased risk for thrombotic events in the year after COVID-19 emphasizes the need for stroke awareness for patients and healthcare professionals.</p>","PeriodicalId":11595,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","volume":"31 14","pages":"3-10"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12829552/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146028938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Caroline Marshall, William Perea Caro, Alejandro Costa, Lee Lee Ho, Peter J Gardner, Christophe Guitton, Julien Potet, Erin Sparrow
Treatment of respiratory diphtheria requires prompt administration of equine diphtheria antitoxin (DAT) to neutralize circulating toxin. We conducted surveys of key procurement agencies and manufacturers currently engaged in DAT manufacturing or procurement, along with key informant interviews with developers of monoclonal antibodies. Our findings indicate that prices and availability of DAT vary and that prediction of demand is challenging for both manufacturers and procurement agencies. Substantial concerns were raised over the inability to obtain enough DAT to respond to increasing global outbreaks. Monoclonal antibody developers noted financial challenges in advancing their clinical and manufacturing progress.
{"title":"Diphtheria Antitoxin Production and Procurement Practices and Challenges.","authors":"Caroline Marshall, William Perea Caro, Alejandro Costa, Lee Lee Ho, Peter J Gardner, Christophe Guitton, Julien Potet, Erin Sparrow","doi":"10.3201/eid3112.250796","DOIUrl":"10.3201/eid3112.250796","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Treatment of respiratory diphtheria requires prompt administration of equine diphtheria antitoxin (DAT) to neutralize circulating toxin. We conducted surveys of key procurement agencies and manufacturers currently engaged in DAT manufacturing or procurement, along with key informant interviews with developers of monoclonal antibodies. Our findings indicate that prices and availability of DAT vary and that prediction of demand is challenging for both manufacturers and procurement agencies. Substantial concerns were raised over the inability to obtain enough DAT to respond to increasing global outbreaks. Monoclonal antibody developers noted financial challenges in advancing their clinical and manufacturing progress.</p>","PeriodicalId":11595,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","volume":"31 12","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12782264/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145905594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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