Emerging Infectious Diseases最新文献

We inspected 16S rRNA sequences of 784 publicly available Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum genomes and 17 new T. pallidum subsp. pallidum genomes from Canada for putative mutations associated with doxycycline resistance. Variants were detected in 9 non-Canada genomes. These findings establish a global genomic baseline for monitoring doxycycline resistance in syphilis.

We conducted a multicenter study in Europe (France, Italy, and Ukraine) to assess the seroprevalence of influenza D virus (IDV) in domestic cats and dogs. Serum samples from France (2015-2018) and Italy (2023-2024) showed no IDV positivity. In Ukraine, 2.46% of dogs and 0.85% of cats tested IDV-positive in 2024.

We describe acute severe hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection with liver failure requiring transplantation in a patient in Poland treated with acalabrutinib. The patient was fully vaccinated against HBV and had adequate HBV antibody titers and no HBV exposure documented before therapy. Differential diagnoses for jaundice should consider HBV in patients receiving acalabrutunib.

In northern Vietnam, during March 2021-March 2022, prevalence of influenza A(H9N2) in chickens was higher in distribution facilities than on farms and varied between facility types. Phylogenetic analysis indicated extensive viral mixing along networks of chicken production and distribution, highlighting a need for risk mitigation across the entire network.

Yellow fever (YF) mainly causes severe hepatitis; data on pulmonary pathology remain limited. We investigated respiratory tract pathology in 73 fatal YF cases during the 2017-2019 epidemic in São Paulo, Brazil. All patients died from YF-related fulminant hepatitis. Autopsies revealed frequent tracheitis (91%), pulmonary edema and hemorrhage (100%), diffuse alveolar damage (84%), secondary pneumonia (84%), and bronchoaspiration (60%). Microabscesses, thrombi, and hemophagocytosis were also observed. In 5 cases of vaccine-associated viscerotropic disease, hemorrhage and diffuse alveolar damage were prominent. We detected antigens of YF virus in all cases and viral RNA in 94%. Molecular analysis identified bacterial and fungal pathogens in pneumonia, including gram-negative bacilli, Candida spp., and Aspergillus spp. Electron microscopy did not reveal viral particles in 3 examined cases. Our findings underscore the respiratory tract involvement in severe YF and could help guide diagnosis, intensive care, and public health preparedness in future outbreaks.

We evaluated effectiveness of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines against RSV-associated thromboembolic events among community-dwelling Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries >65 years of age in the United States enrolled during October 1, 2023-March 30, 2024. RSV vaccines protected against RSV-associated thromboembolic events (effectiveness 79% [95% CI 74%-83%]) in the same season as vaccine receipt.

We reviewed 8 episodes of Desulfovibrio bacteremia in Japan (2020-2025) and confirmed 4 species by 16S rRNA gene and whole-genome sequencing. We detected β-lactamase genes in 2 D. desulfuricans (bla_DES-1-like), 1 D. falkowii (bla_MUN-1), and 2 D. fairfieldensis (bla_CfiA-like). Mass spectometry failed to identify D. falkowii or D. legallii.

African swine fever virus genotype II is endemic in Thailand, typically causing acute disease. We investigated a vaccine-like strain, characterized by 6 multigene family gene deletions, from nonvaccinated herds. We found this strain was associated with chronic disease in pigs.

A 2-dose regimen of the vaccine modified vaccinia Ankara-Bavarian Nordic (MVA-BN) can generate neutralizing antibodies for monkeypox virus clades Ib and IIb. We observed higher response to clade IIb; that result provides evidence that MVA-BN vaccination can induce cross-neutralizing antibodies for monkeypox virus clade Ib as well as for clade IIb.

During March-July 2023, we investigated a measles outbreak in Armenia. Of 287 patients, 130 were <5 years of age and 215 (75%) were unvaccinated. Among 3 transmission chains involving 183 cases, 70% of patients were exposed in healthcare facilities. To minimize nosocomial transmission, measles vaccination should be encouraged among healthcare workers.