Pub Date : 2013-03-31DOI: 10.5053/EKOLOJI.2013.8610
A. Akdemir, Ummukulsum Ozel, O. N. Ergun
In this study, the multivariate linear regression was described by the hourly frequency distributions of continuous measurements using meteorological variables and ozone levels. The ambient O 3 concentration of was monitored continuously in the town of Kurupelit, Samsun, Turkey for one year (2005–2006). The meteorological variables were temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, solar radiation, and ambient pressure. A negative association was observed between O3 and temperature a weak relationship (r2=0,289), and between O3 and solar radiation a weak relationship (r 2 =0,102). The data from the continuous
{"title":"Multivariate Regression Analysis for Ground-Level Ozone Modeling in Kurupelit, Samsun, Turkey","authors":"A. Akdemir, Ummukulsum Ozel, O. N. Ergun","doi":"10.5053/EKOLOJI.2013.8610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EKOLOJI.2013.8610","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the multivariate linear regression was described by the hourly frequency distributions of continuous measurements using meteorological variables and ozone levels. The ambient O 3 concentration of was monitored continuously in the town of Kurupelit, Samsun, Turkey for one year (2005–2006). The meteorological variables were temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, solar radiation, and ambient pressure. A negative association was observed between O3 and temperature a weak relationship (r2=0,289), and between O3 and solar radiation a weak relationship (r 2 =0,102). The data from the continuous","PeriodicalId":11598,"journal":{"name":"Ekoloji","volume":"22 1","pages":"84-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70619686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-31DOI: 10.5053/EKOLOJI.2013.862
Ş. Ceylan, M. Seçer, Ö. L. Elmacı
In this study seven different applications were performed with the residues of tomato paste factories, green tomatoes, cold processed tomatoes, paprika wastes, ashes of milk processing, and urban wastes in a field experiment on potato growth. The residues were combined with the mineral N, P, K fertilizer as soil amendments. These wastes were applied to the soil and allowed to compost for five months before the Solanum tuberosum cv. Marabel were planted. During vegetation the K and B minerals in the soil decreased whereas, Na increased. The nitrogen, Zn, and B of the leaves were below adequate levels. The iron in the leaves was above adequacy and Cr was under the critical value. The green tomato and paprika wastes had a diminishing effect on leaf Cd. The paprika paste wastes with the addition of minerals N and P increased many elements in the tubers to the highest level by fresh weight. Co and Pb were considerably higher by the dry weight of the tubers than most of the given values. The tuber yield was greatest with “Mineral K +Wastes N, P”. Tubers with a diameter >55 mm were affected by the treatments significantly and “Wastes Only” was the most effective treatment. “Waster K+Mineral N, P” had a dominating effect on all of the
{"title":"Influence of Tomato and Paprika Paste Residues on Soil Properties and Potato Growth","authors":"Ş. Ceylan, M. Seçer, Ö. L. Elmacı","doi":"10.5053/EKOLOJI.2013.862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EKOLOJI.2013.862","url":null,"abstract":"In this study seven different applications were performed with the residues of tomato paste factories, green tomatoes, cold processed tomatoes, paprika wastes, ashes of milk processing, and urban wastes in a field experiment on potato growth. The residues were combined with the mineral N, P, K fertilizer as soil amendments. These wastes were applied to the soil and allowed to compost for five months before the Solanum tuberosum cv. Marabel were planted. During vegetation the K and B minerals in the soil decreased whereas, Na increased. The nitrogen, Zn, and B of the leaves were below adequate levels. The iron in the leaves was above adequacy and Cr was under the critical value. The green tomato and paprika wastes had a diminishing effect on leaf Cd. The paprika paste wastes with the addition of minerals N and P increased many elements in the tubers to the highest level by fresh weight. Co and Pb were considerably higher by the dry weight of the tubers than most of the given values. The tuber yield was greatest with “Mineral K +Wastes N, P”. Tubers with a diameter >55 mm were affected by the treatments significantly and “Wastes Only” was the most effective treatment. “Waster K+Mineral N, P” had a dominating effect on all of the","PeriodicalId":11598,"journal":{"name":"Ekoloji","volume":"22 1","pages":"9-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70620063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-31DOI: 10.5053/EKOLOJI.2013.8611
Erhan Ozsagiroglu, Banu Iyisan, Y. Guvenilir
In the present work, the biodegradation behaviors were compared and calculated for a commercial polycaprolactone and a synthesized polycaprolactone (PCL) in different enzyme solutions. The enzymes were esterase, lipolase, and savinase which are in the hydrolase class; the enzyme solutions were prepared one by one as an enzyme cocktail solution. Degradation experiments were carried out at 37°C and a pH 7.4. Two quantitative methods were used to follow the biodegradation. All samples were characterized by gel permeation chromatography and Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy. The weight and bond structures were recorded during the period of biodegradation. The degradation rates constant (k) values of all the experiments were evaluated from the changes in the number average of the molecular weight. The results showed that the lipolase enzyme solutions could erode polymer films, but that the esterase enzyme solution could only decrease molecular weights of polymers and enzyme solutions which include savinase which had lower erosion times than the other enzyme cocktails. Degradation rates for the decreasing of molecular weight and changing of polymer chains was very different between commercial and synthesized polymer films. Molecular weight change rates of synthesized PCL samples were higher than the
{"title":"Comparing the In-Vitro Biodegradation Kinetics of Commercial and Synthesized Polycaprolactone Films in Different Enzyme Solutions","authors":"Erhan Ozsagiroglu, Banu Iyisan, Y. Guvenilir","doi":"10.5053/EKOLOJI.2013.8611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EKOLOJI.2013.8611","url":null,"abstract":"In the present work, the biodegradation behaviors were compared and calculated for a commercial polycaprolactone and a synthesized polycaprolactone (PCL) in different enzyme solutions. The enzymes were esterase, lipolase, and savinase which are in the hydrolase class; the enzyme solutions were prepared one by one as an enzyme cocktail solution. Degradation experiments were carried out at 37°C and a pH 7.4. Two quantitative methods were used to follow the biodegradation. All samples were characterized by gel permeation chromatography and Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy. The weight and bond structures were recorded during the period of biodegradation. The degradation rates constant (k) values of all the experiments were evaluated from the changes in the number average of the molecular weight. The results showed that the lipolase enzyme solutions could erode polymer films, but that the esterase enzyme solution could only decrease molecular weights of polymers and enzyme solutions which include savinase which had lower erosion times than the other enzyme cocktails. Degradation rates for the decreasing of molecular weight and changing of polymer chains was very different between commercial and synthesized polymer films. Molecular weight change rates of synthesized PCL samples were higher than the","PeriodicalId":11598,"journal":{"name":"Ekoloji","volume":"4 1","pages":"90-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70619814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-31DOI: 10.5053/EKOLOJI.2013.865
B. S. Karataş, G. Çamoğlu, M. Ölgen
A rise in the level of the water table to the effective root zone results in decreasing yields because of salinity and sodicity, and eventually such areas cannot be cultivated. For sustainable irrigated agriculture, the salinity and level of the water table should be monitored continuously and held within tolerable limits. The aim of this study was to evaluate spatial and temporal changes in the salinity and level of the water table in the command area of the Menemen Irrigation System for the years 1995-2006 using geostatistical methods integrated with GIS. The salinity and level of the water table in the study area were evaluated in terms of both spatial and temporal variation. Trend analyses of these values were performed using the Mann-Kendall test. The non-parametric Sen’s Slope Estimator was used to calculate the magnitudes of the trends. A risk map of the study area was formed by performing geostatistical analyses by GIS, based on the intensity of the trend. It was observed that there was no current problem with the depth and salinity of the groundwater in the study area in general, but that there would be a potential risk of a problem in the future.
{"title":"Spatio-Temporal Trend Analysis of the Depth and Salinity of the Groundwater, Using Geostatistics Integrated with GIS, of the Menemen Irrigation System, Western Turkey","authors":"B. S. Karataş, G. Çamoğlu, M. Ölgen","doi":"10.5053/EKOLOJI.2013.865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EKOLOJI.2013.865","url":null,"abstract":"A rise in the level of the water table to the effective root zone results in decreasing yields because of salinity and sodicity, and eventually such areas cannot be cultivated. For sustainable irrigated agriculture, the salinity and level of the water table should be monitored continuously and held within tolerable limits. The aim of this study was to evaluate spatial and temporal changes in the salinity and level of the water table in the command area of the Menemen Irrigation System for the years 1995-2006 using geostatistical methods integrated with GIS. The salinity and level of the water table in the study area were evaluated in terms of both spatial and temporal variation. Trend analyses of these values were performed using the Mann-Kendall test. The non-parametric Sen’s Slope Estimator was used to calculate the magnitudes of the trends. A risk map of the study area was formed by performing geostatistical analyses by GIS, based on the intensity of the trend. It was observed that there was no current problem with the depth and salinity of the groundwater in the study area in general, but that there would be a potential risk of a problem in the future.","PeriodicalId":11598,"journal":{"name":"Ekoloji","volume":"22 1","pages":"36-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70619851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-31DOI: 10.5053/EKOLOJI.2013.867
A. Demir, Nurcan Köleli
{"title":"The Effects of Different Salts of EDTA to Lead Removal from Contaminated Soil","authors":"A. Demir, Nurcan Köleli","doi":"10.5053/EKOLOJI.2013.867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EKOLOJI.2013.867","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11598,"journal":{"name":"Ekoloji","volume":"22 1","pages":"58-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70620320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-31DOI: 10.5053/EKOLOJI.2013.869
Necmettin Erdoğan
Each year in Turkey, thousands of tons of magnesite ore is subjected to heat treatment. For this operation, billion of tons of magnesite ore is produced and beneficiation. Crushing process which is occur an important department of beneficiation plants, are produce as very thin waste powder magnesite which is average %25 of feed raw ore. So far, the amount of this type of material, approximately 500,000 tons of waste is known to be stocked. This material is 80% smaller than 165 microns, and average grain size d50 is 79 microns. This stock is very difficult to fine-sized material harm to the environment is inevitable. The purpose of this study, produced in large quantities so thin, the waste powder material, is investigate the possibilities of recovery, at the same time the material is to prevent harm to the environment. In this study, high purity Mg(OH)2 production from fine waste magnesite powder was investigated. In experimental studies, the leaching method is used. The products obtained are repeated conditions. Chemical analysis is made to determine of the product compounds. According to the results of chemical analysis, the product compounds, Mg(OH)2:99.35%, SiO2:0.15%, CaO:0.50% is seen from obtained. These results show that high-purity Mg(OH)2 will be produced. In addition, the aimed to determine of the product characterization were made XRD analysis. According to XRD analysis results show that the product name is Brucite.
{"title":"Atık Manyezit Tozlarının Geri Kazanımı","authors":"Necmettin Erdoğan","doi":"10.5053/EKOLOJI.2013.869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EKOLOJI.2013.869","url":null,"abstract":"Each year in Turkey, thousands of tons of magnesite ore is subjected to heat treatment. For this operation, billion of tons of magnesite ore is produced and beneficiation. Crushing process which is occur an important department of beneficiation plants, are produce as very thin waste powder magnesite which is average %25 of feed raw ore. So far, the amount of this type of material, approximately 500,000 tons of waste is known to be stocked. This material is 80% smaller than 165 microns, and average grain size d50 is 79 microns. This stock is very difficult to fine-sized material harm to the environment is inevitable. The purpose of this study, produced in large quantities so thin, the waste powder material, is investigate the possibilities of recovery, at the same time the material is to prevent harm to the environment.\u0000In this study, high purity Mg(OH)2 production from fine waste magnesite powder was investigated. In experimental studies, the leaching method is used. The products obtained are repeated conditions. Chemical analysis is made to determine of the product compounds. According to the results of chemical analysis, the product compounds, Mg(OH)2:99.35%, SiO2:0.15%, CaO:0.50% is seen from obtained. These results show that high-purity Mg(OH)2 will be produced. In addition, the aimed to determine of the product characterization were made XRD analysis. According to XRD analysis results show that the product name is Brucite.","PeriodicalId":11598,"journal":{"name":"Ekoloji","volume":"22 1","pages":"75-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70620449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-31DOI: 10.5053/EKOLOJI.2013.861
C. Sağlam
The concentration levels of ten different heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were investigated in the soils and the edible parts of six different cultivated plants (Brassica oleracea var. capitata, Portulaca oleracea, Vitis vinifera, Raphanus sativus, Phaseolus vulgaris, and Vigna unguiculata subsp. unguiculata) from the Isparta region in southern Turkey, where volcanic soils are present. The heavy metal content of the samples was determined by ICP-AES (Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer) and plant translocation factors (TF) were also calculated. Both soil and plant samples had significant differences in heavy metal concentrations. The mean heavy metal contents in soil samples decreased in the order of Fe>Mn>Zn>Cu>Pb>Mo>Ni>Cr>Cd>Co. The concentrations of Cd and Pb exceeded their respective permissible limits in soil samples; however, their accumulation in plants was lower due to the physical and chemical properties of the soils, which prevented their translocation to the plants. The TF values of Mo are highest in all plants except P. oleracea and the Mn concentration is highest in P. oleracea. Comparisons of the present results to those of others in related literature indicated that only Mn was above
{"title":"Heavy Metal Accumulation in the Edible Parts of Some Cultivated Plants and Media Samples from a Volcanic Region in Southern Turkey","authors":"C. Sağlam","doi":"10.5053/EKOLOJI.2013.861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EKOLOJI.2013.861","url":null,"abstract":"The concentration levels of ten different heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were investigated in the soils and the edible parts of six different cultivated plants (Brassica oleracea var. capitata, Portulaca oleracea, Vitis vinifera, Raphanus sativus, Phaseolus vulgaris, and Vigna unguiculata subsp. unguiculata) from the Isparta region in southern Turkey, where volcanic soils are present. The heavy metal content of the samples was determined by ICP-AES (Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer) and plant translocation factors (TF) were also calculated. Both soil and plant samples had significant differences in heavy metal concentrations. The mean heavy metal contents in soil samples decreased in the order of Fe>Mn>Zn>Cu>Pb>Mo>Ni>Cr>Cd>Co. The concentrations of Cd and Pb exceeded their respective permissible limits in soil samples; however, their accumulation in plants was lower due to the physical and chemical properties of the soils, which prevented their translocation to the plants. The TF values of Mo are highest in all plants except P. oleracea and the Mn concentration is highest in P. oleracea. Comparisons of the present results to those of others in related literature indicated that only Mn was above","PeriodicalId":11598,"journal":{"name":"Ekoloji","volume":"22 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70619387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-31DOI: 10.5053/EKOLOJI.2012.8510
I. Diler, Hüseyin Sevgili, Muhammet Arabaci, Yılmaz Emre
This study was carried out to determine the effects on growth performance, feed utilization, apparent digestibility and reduce environment pollution waste output of nitrogen and phosphorus of diets based on Soybean Meal (40%) supplemented with exogenous enzymes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) culture. Trout groups was began (initial mean weight 87.00±1,5g) method of random plots with 3 replications of 50 fish/pond with the ratio of 1050 fish with 6,0 metrik tonne in concrete ponds. 43% protein - 12% fat diet was used as the with no added enzyme in control group (K0) and diet supplemented with %02 protease enzyme (P), %02 mix enzyme (cellulose, xylanase, endo-s-1,3:1,4-glucanase (M), %02 pyhtase enzyme (F), %01 protease + %02 mix enzyme (PM), %01 protease + %01 phytase (PF) and %01 mix enzyme + %01 phytase (MF) were tested in total 7 groups. About of growth performance were found while condition factor (1,21-1,23) were statistically similar (p>0.05) however growth rate (173,68-177,27), specific growth rate (1,118-1,340) and feed conversion ratio (1,26-1,30) significantly different among groups (p<0.05) at the end of the experiment. P and F groups significantly improved specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio better than control group. In this study, showed the highest nitrogen apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC-N) (85,49±1,98) in group of P while the poorest value (72,82±0.01) group of K0 obtained, respectively (p<0.05). Also the best (58.57±0.49) and lowest (42.85±1.98a) ADC-P for phosphorus was obtained from F and K0, respectively (p<0.05). The highest (53,71%) and lowest (17,69%) retained nitrogen was held in the P and K0 groups (p<0,05). Also the dropped to water (discarded), nitrogen effluent was lowest (23,31 g/kg) in the P group and highest (46,91 g/kg) in the K0 group, respectively (p<0,05). In addition, highest (68,74%) and lowest (46,12%) retained phosphorus levels were obtained in the F and K0 groups, respectively. Also the dropped to water (discarded) while phosphorus levels reached the maximum (6,.94 g/kg) in K0 group and minimum value was obtained in the F group (4,85 g/kg)(p<0,05).
{"title":"Soya İçerikli Gökkuşağı Alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Yemlerine İlave Edilen Enzimlerin Büyüme Performansı, Sindirilebilirlik ve Azot-Fosfora İlişkin Çevresel Etkilerinin Belirlenmesi","authors":"I. Diler, Hüseyin Sevgili, Muhammet Arabaci, Yılmaz Emre","doi":"10.5053/EKOLOJI.2012.8510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EKOLOJI.2012.8510","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out to determine the effects on growth performance, feed utilization, apparent digestibility and reduce environment pollution waste output of nitrogen and phosphorus of diets based on Soybean Meal (40%) supplemented with exogenous enzymes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) culture. Trout groups was began (initial mean weight 87.00±1,5g) method of random plots with 3 replications of 50 fish/pond with the ratio of 1050 fish with 6,0 metrik tonne in concrete ponds. 43% protein\u0000- 12% fat diet was used as the with no added enzyme in control group (K0) and diet supplemented with\u0000%02 protease enzyme (P), %02 mix enzyme (cellulose, xylanase, endo-s-1,3:1,4-glucanase (M), %02 pyhtase enzyme (F), %01 protease + %02 mix enzyme (PM), %01 protease + %01 phytase (PF) and %01 mix enzyme + %01 phytase (MF) were tested in total 7 groups. About of growth performance were found while condition factor (1,21-1,23) were statistically similar (p>0.05) however growth rate (173,68-177,27), specific growth rate (1,118-1,340) and feed conversion ratio (1,26-1,30) significantly different among groups (p<0.05) at the end of the experiment. P and F groups significantly improved specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio better than control group.\u0000In this study, showed the highest nitrogen apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC-N) (85,49±1,98) in group of P while the poorest value (72,82±0.01) group of K0 obtained, respectively (p<0.05). Also the best (58.57±0.49) and lowest (42.85±1.98a) ADC-P for phosphorus was obtained from F and K0, respectively (p<0.05). The highest (53,71%) and lowest (17,69%) retained nitrogen was held in the P and K0 groups (p<0,05). Also the dropped to water (discarded), nitrogen effluent was lowest (23,31 g/kg) in the P group and highest (46,91 g/kg) in the K0 group, respectively (p<0,05). In addition, highest (68,74%) and lowest (46,12%) retained phosphorus levels were obtained in the F and K0 groups, respectively. Also the dropped to water (discarded) while phosphorus levels reached the maximum (6,.94 g/kg) in K0 group and minimum value was obtained in the F group (4,85 g/kg)(p<0,05).","PeriodicalId":11598,"journal":{"name":"Ekoloji","volume":"21 1","pages":"89-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70619277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-31DOI: 10.5053/EKOLOJI.2012.8514
Ayse Zengin, M. Akalın, K. Tekin, M. Erdem, T. Tay, Selhan Karagöz
Activated carbons were prepared from the pyrolysis of waste melamine coated chipboard at 600 and 800°C by chemical activation with NaOH. The effects of the carbonization temperature and concentration of chemical reagent on their chemical-surface properties were investigated. The highest surface area was obtained at 600°C with the 50 wt. % concentration of sodium hydroxide. The external surfaces of the activated carbons showed amorphous and heterogeneous structures.
{"title":"Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbons from Waste Melamine Coated Chipboard by NaOH Activation","authors":"Ayse Zengin, M. Akalın, K. Tekin, M. Erdem, T. Tay, Selhan Karagöz","doi":"10.5053/EKOLOJI.2012.8514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EKOLOJI.2012.8514","url":null,"abstract":"Activated carbons were prepared from the pyrolysis of waste melamine coated chipboard at 600 and 800°C by chemical activation with NaOH. The effects of the carbonization temperature and concentration of chemical reagent on their chemical-surface properties were investigated. The highest surface area was obtained at 600°C with the 50 wt. % concentration of sodium hydroxide. The external surfaces of the activated carbons showed amorphous and heterogeneous structures.","PeriodicalId":11598,"journal":{"name":"Ekoloji","volume":"21 1","pages":"123-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70619425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-31DOI: 10.5053/EKOLOJI.2012.856
Unal Senel, H. Sur, M. Demirtaş
10 – 20 percent of synthetic dyes are discharged without being controlled to the waste waters after the dyeing process. Dyes which are discharged without being controlled reach to the human beings by food chain and threaten their health. In this study, the genotoxicity of synthetic reactive dyes are searched by umu-test (Salmonella thyphimurium TA1535/pSK1002 ) which is short term bacterial test system. Concentrations of 400 μg/mL, 120 μg/mL, 40 μg/mL and 4 μg/mL of dye solutions are prepared. By using S9 fraction, the biotransformation effects of the dyes in an organism at the presence of liver enzymes are researched. In this study, Reactive Black 5, Reactive Blue 19, Reactive Red 74, Reactive Red 141, Reactive Yellow 84 synthetic dyes are studied. At the end of the study, Reactive Yellow 84, Reactive Black 5 have mutagenic effects at the presence of S9 fraction at 400μg/mL concentration also Reactive Black 5 has mutagenic effect at the absence of S9 fraction at 400μg/mL concentration.
{"title":"Tekstil Endüstrisinde Kullanılan Bazı Sentetik Reaktif Boyarmaddelerin Mutajenik Etkisinin Umu-Test İle Araştırılması","authors":"Unal Senel, H. Sur, M. Demirtaş","doi":"10.5053/EKOLOJI.2012.856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EKOLOJI.2012.856","url":null,"abstract":"10 – 20 percent of synthetic dyes are discharged without being controlled to the waste waters after the dyeing process. Dyes which are discharged without being controlled reach to the human beings by food chain and threaten their health. In this study, the genotoxicity of synthetic reactive dyes are searched by umu-test (Salmonella thyphimurium TA1535/pSK1002 ) which is short term bacterial test system. Concentrations of 400 μg/mL, 120 μg/mL, 40 μg/mL and 4 μg/mL of dye solutions are prepared. By using S9 fraction, the biotransformation effects of the dyes in an organism at the presence of liver enzymes are researched. In this study, Reactive Black 5, Reactive Blue 19, Reactive Red 74, Reactive Red 141, Reactive Yellow 84 synthetic dyes are studied. At the end of the study, Reactive Yellow 84, Reactive Black 5 have mutagenic effects at the presence of S9 fraction at 400μg/mL concentration also Reactive Black 5 has mutagenic effect at the absence of S9 fraction at 400μg/mL concentration.","PeriodicalId":11598,"journal":{"name":"Ekoloji","volume":"21 1","pages":"49-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70619433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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