Pub Date : 2013-06-24DOI: 10.5053/EKOLOJI.2013.873
D. Aydin, O. Coskun
A pot study was used to examine the effects of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on the growth potential, uptake, and mobilization of Cr by Watercress (Nasturtium officinale) in contaminated water at different concentration levels of the chelating agent EDTA (0, 10-5, and 10-4 M) and four concentration levels of Cr (0, 1, 3, and 10 mgL-1). The EDTA resulted in more solubilization of Cr in water. The application of EDTA 15 d prior to harvest increased the amount of Cr accumulated in watercress with more Cr accumulated by the plants from the media. Nasturtium officinale accumulated high Cr concentration (317 mgkg -1 ) in the root at a concentration of 10 mgL -1 Cr 3+ and 10 4- M EDTA after 15 d growth. The application of EDTA had inhibitory effects on the root and shoot dry biomass compared with that in the
{"title":"Effects of EDTA on Cr +3 Uptake, Accumulation, and Biomass in Nasturtium officinale (Watercress)","authors":"D. Aydin, O. Coskun","doi":"10.5053/EKOLOJI.2013.873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EKOLOJI.2013.873","url":null,"abstract":"A pot study was used to examine the effects of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on the growth potential, uptake, and mobilization of Cr by Watercress (Nasturtium officinale) in contaminated water at different concentration levels of the chelating agent EDTA (0, 10-5, and 10-4 M) and four concentration levels of Cr (0, 1, 3, and 10 mgL-1). The EDTA resulted in more solubilization of Cr in water. The application of EDTA 15 d prior to harvest increased the amount of Cr accumulated in watercress with more Cr accumulated by the plants from the media. Nasturtium officinale accumulated high Cr concentration (317 mgkg -1 ) in the root at a concentration of 10 mgL -1 Cr 3+ and 10 4- M EDTA after 15 d growth. The application of EDTA had inhibitory effects on the root and shoot dry biomass compared with that in the","PeriodicalId":11598,"journal":{"name":"Ekoloji","volume":"22 1","pages":"16-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70620344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-24DOI: 10.5053/EKOLOJI.2013.872
M. Yabanlı
The total heavy metal (chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb)) present in the muscle tissue of sardine was determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) after microwave wet digestion during the winter season of 2010. The mean concentrations of heavy metals in the sardine muscle tissues was 0.21 mg Cr/kg, 1.00 mg Cu/kg, 1.49 mg As/ kg, 0.46 mg Cd/kg, 0.03 mg Hg/kg, and 0.14 mg Pb/kg wet weight. It was found that the cadmium concentrations in the sardine fish samples provided from four fish markets with the exception of one fish market, exceeded the value of 0.05 mg Cd/kg (wet weight) limit which is permitted nationally and internationally. The level of arsenic for one of each group of sardines sampled was higher than the permitted limit of arsenic according to the Australia Food Standard (1.00 mg As/kg). As a result, the comprehensive and periodic controls of heavy metals in fish are important in terms of public and environmental health.
{"title":"Assessment of the Heavy Metal Contents of Sardina pilchardus Sold in Izmir, Turkey","authors":"M. Yabanlı","doi":"10.5053/EKOLOJI.2013.872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EKOLOJI.2013.872","url":null,"abstract":"The total heavy metal (chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb)) present in the muscle tissue of sardine was determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) after microwave wet digestion during the winter season of 2010. The mean concentrations of heavy metals in the sardine muscle tissues was 0.21 mg Cr/kg, 1.00 mg Cu/kg, 1.49 mg As/ kg, 0.46 mg Cd/kg, 0.03 mg Hg/kg, and 0.14 mg Pb/kg wet weight. It was found that the cadmium concentrations in the sardine fish samples provided from four fish markets with the exception of one fish market, exceeded the value of 0.05 mg Cd/kg (wet weight) limit which is permitted nationally and internationally. The level of arsenic for one of each group of sardines sampled was higher than the permitted limit of arsenic according to the Australia Food Standard (1.00 mg As/kg). As a result, the comprehensive and periodic controls of heavy metals in fish are important in terms of public and environmental health.","PeriodicalId":11598,"journal":{"name":"Ekoloji","volume":"22 1","pages":"10-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70620272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-24DOI: 10.5053/EKOLOJI.2013.874
Erdal Kacan, G. Ulku
Ozet Bu calismada, Gumuscay, Curuksu ve Buyuk Menderes Nehri'nin Denizli sinirlari icerisinde su kalitesi ve tasidigi kirlilik yukleri belirlenmeye calisilmistir. Olcumler aylik donemler halinde bir yil sure ile yapilmistir. Olculen parametrelere, SPSS 15.00 yazilimi yardimiyla "Faktor Analizi" testi uygulanarak, neden-sonuc iliskileri irdelenmistir. Olcum noktalarindan alinan su numunelerinin sicaklik, pH, iletkenlik, tuzluluk, toplam cozunmus kati madde, cozunmus oksijen ihtiyaci, kimyasal ve biyolojik oksijen ihtiyaci degerleri Su Kirliligi ve Kontrolu Yonetmeligi'ne gore irdelenmistir. Buna gore; Gumuscay ve Curuksu organik madde konsantrasyonu bakimindan IV. sinif, Buyuk Menderes Nehri (Saraykoy Koprusunde) ise III. sinif su kalitesinde oldugu belirlenmistir. Curuksu ve Buyuk Menderes'in (Saraykoy Koprusunde) toplam cozunmus kati madde yonunden II. sinif su kalitesinde oldugu anlasilmistir. Hesaplamalar neticesinde, Gumuscay'in Curuksu'ya verdigi tuzluluk orani yaklasik %16, Curuksu'nun, Buyuk Menderes Nehri'ne verdigi oran ise yaklasik %70 olarak bulunmustur. Saraykoy Koprusunde Buyuk Menderes Nehri toplam cozunmus madde miktarinin yaklasik % 70'i Curuksu'dan kaynaklanmaktadir. Curuksu'nun Buyuk Menderes'e karismadan onceki debisinin karistiktan sonraki debisine orani (Saraykoy Koprusunde) yaklasik %57 olmasina ragmen, organik madde yuku orani %75 bulunmustur. Gelecekte Buyuk Menderes Nehri'nin su kalitesine iliskin yapilacak strateji gelistirme calismalarina Curuksu Cayi su kalitesinin iyilestirilmesi ile baslanmasinin yerinde olacagi dusunulmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Biyolojik oksijen ihtiyaci (BOI 5 ), Buyuk Menderes Nehri, Curuksu Cayi, kimyasal oksijen ihtiyaci (KOI), tuzluluk. Abstract It is aimed to determine the water quality and pollution parameters which are carried by Gumuscay and Curuksu Creek's to River Buyuk Menderes (RBM). Cause and effect relations of measured parameters are investigated by SPSS 15.00 statistical software "Factor Analyze" approach. Temperature, pH, conductivity, salinity, total dissolved solid material, dissolved oxygen demand, chemical and biological oxygen demand values of water samples which are taken from designated measurement stations, are investigated in the light of Water Pollution and Management Regulation. Water samples taken from 6 different location of RBM, Curuksu and Gumuscay, are measured monthly throughout whole year. It is obtained that Gumuscay and Curuksu is 4th, RBM (about Saraykoy Bridge) is 3th class of water quality according to the organic matter concentration values. Total dissolved solid material vales of water samples shows that Curuksu and RBM (about Saraykoy Bridge) is 2nd class of water quality. According to the results, 16 % salinity ratio of Curuksu is due to Gumuscay and approximately 70 % salinity ratio of RBM is due to waters mix from Curuksu. Also 70 % of total dissolved material in RBM about Saraykoy is due to Curuksu. The rate between flow values of Curuksu before mix
{"title":"Gümüşçay ve Çürüksu Çayları’nın Denizli Sınırları İçinde Büyük Menderes Nehri’ne Verdiği Kirlilik Yüklerinin Saptanması","authors":"Erdal Kacan, G. Ulku","doi":"10.5053/EKOLOJI.2013.874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EKOLOJI.2013.874","url":null,"abstract":"Ozet Bu calismada, Gumuscay, Curuksu ve Buyuk Menderes Nehri'nin Denizli sinirlari icerisinde su kalitesi ve tasidigi kirlilik yukleri belirlenmeye calisilmistir. Olcumler aylik donemler halinde bir yil sure ile yapilmistir. Olculen parametrelere, SPSS 15.00 yazilimi yardimiyla \"Faktor Analizi\" testi uygulanarak, neden-sonuc iliskileri irdelenmistir. Olcum noktalarindan alinan su numunelerinin sicaklik, pH, iletkenlik, tuzluluk, toplam cozunmus kati madde, cozunmus oksijen ihtiyaci, kimyasal ve biyolojik oksijen ihtiyaci degerleri Su Kirliligi ve Kontrolu Yonetmeligi'ne gore irdelenmistir. Buna gore; Gumuscay ve Curuksu organik madde konsantrasyonu bakimindan IV. sinif, Buyuk Menderes Nehri (Saraykoy Koprusunde) ise III. sinif su kalitesinde oldugu belirlenmistir. Curuksu ve Buyuk Menderes'in (Saraykoy Koprusunde) toplam cozunmus kati madde yonunden II. sinif su kalitesinde oldugu anlasilmistir. Hesaplamalar neticesinde, Gumuscay'in Curuksu'ya verdigi tuzluluk orani yaklasik %16, Curuksu'nun, Buyuk Menderes Nehri'ne verdigi oran ise yaklasik %70 olarak bulunmustur. Saraykoy Koprusunde Buyuk Menderes Nehri toplam cozunmus madde miktarinin yaklasik % 70'i Curuksu'dan kaynaklanmaktadir. Curuksu'nun Buyuk Menderes'e karismadan onceki debisinin karistiktan sonraki debisine orani (Saraykoy Koprusunde) yaklasik %57 olmasina ragmen, organik madde yuku orani %75 bulunmustur. Gelecekte Buyuk Menderes Nehri'nin su kalitesine iliskin yapilacak strateji gelistirme calismalarina Curuksu Cayi su kalitesinin iyilestirilmesi ile baslanmasinin yerinde olacagi dusunulmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Biyolojik oksijen ihtiyaci (BOI 5 ), Buyuk Menderes Nehri, Curuksu Cayi, kimyasal oksijen ihtiyaci (KOI), tuzluluk. Abstract It is aimed to determine the water quality and pollution parameters which are carried by Gumuscay and Curuksu Creek's to River Buyuk Menderes (RBM). Cause and effect relations of measured parameters are investigated by SPSS 15.00 statistical software \"Factor Analyze\" approach. Temperature, pH, conductivity, salinity, total dissolved solid material, dissolved oxygen demand, chemical and biological oxygen demand values of water samples which are taken from designated measurement stations, are investigated in the light of Water Pollution and Management Regulation. Water samples taken from 6 different location of RBM, Curuksu and Gumuscay, are measured monthly throughout whole year. It is obtained that Gumuscay and Curuksu is 4th, RBM (about Saraykoy Bridge) is 3th class of water quality according to the organic matter concentration values. Total dissolved solid material vales of water samples shows that Curuksu and RBM (about Saraykoy Bridge) is 2nd class of water quality. According to the results, 16 % salinity ratio of Curuksu is due to Gumuscay and approximately 70 % salinity ratio of RBM is due to waters mix from Curuksu. Also 70 % of total dissolved material in RBM about Saraykoy is due to Curuksu. The rate between flow values of Curuksu before mix ","PeriodicalId":11598,"journal":{"name":"Ekoloji","volume":"22 1","pages":"24-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70620385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-24DOI: 10.5053/EKOLOJI.2013.875
R. Serezli, A. Tabak
In this study, ammonium (NH4+) removal from aqueous media was investigated by using bentonit clay. Different concentrations of ammonium ion adsorption from aqueous solutions were examined at a room temperature. Adsorption data were applied to Langmuir and Freundlich models. In addition, the experimental results of adsorption applied to thermodynamic equations of free enthalpy of adsorption process, enthalpy and entropy values were found. Thus, whether voluntary and adsorption effects of temperature on adsorption or not was investigated. In addition, raw and treated clay ammonium (NH4+- bentonite) characterization of samples were established by using thermal analysis and infrared (IR) techniques.
{"title":"dsorption of Ammonium (NH4 +) From Aqueous Solution by Ünye Bentonite","authors":"R. Serezli, A. Tabak","doi":"10.5053/EKOLOJI.2013.875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EKOLOJI.2013.875","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, ammonium (NH4+) removal from aqueous media was investigated by using bentonit clay. Different concentrations of ammonium ion adsorption from aqueous solutions were examined at a room temperature. Adsorption data were applied to Langmuir and Freundlich models. In addition, the experimental results of adsorption applied to thermodynamic equations of free enthalpy of adsorption process, enthalpy and entropy values were found. Thus, whether voluntary and adsorption effects of temperature on adsorption or not was investigated. In addition, raw and treated clay ammonium (NH4+- bentonite) characterization of samples were established by using thermal analysis and infrared (IR) techniques.","PeriodicalId":11598,"journal":{"name":"Ekoloji","volume":"22 1","pages":"35-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70620581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-24DOI: 10.5053/EKOLOJI.2013.871
Asiye Ucer, A. Uyanik, H. Kutbay
The heavy metal accumulation capacity of M. verticillatum in a hydroponic system was investigated in this study. M. verticillatum was grown in a model aquatic setup consisting of aeration, lighting, and hydroponic systems for 21 days in different kinds and concentrations of heavy metal solutions prepared in a Hoagland E- Medium. Any visual changes observed in individual M. verticillatum plants at the onset and end of the study were noted daily. At the end of the experiments, the heavy metal concentrations in the plant biomass were determined. M. verticillatum tolerated the heavy metal ions very well and was also able to grow within the studied concentration range. The heavy metal accumulation followed the order of Pb+2> Cu+2 > Cd+2 > Zn+2 in all mixed and individual aqueous solutions. However, M. verticillatum accumulated a large amount of Pb+2 ions, but new shoots also continued to grow. This may be an indicator that M. verticillatum may be a hyperaccumulator for Pb +2 ions. M. verticillatum also exhibited proton secretion during the metal
{"title":"Removal of Heavy Metals Using Myriophyllum verticillatum (Whorl-Leaf Watermilfoil) in a Hydroponic System","authors":"Asiye Ucer, A. Uyanik, H. Kutbay","doi":"10.5053/EKOLOJI.2013.871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EKOLOJI.2013.871","url":null,"abstract":"The heavy metal accumulation capacity of M. verticillatum in a hydroponic system was investigated in this study. M. verticillatum was grown in a model aquatic setup consisting of aeration, lighting, and hydroponic systems for 21 days in different kinds and concentrations of heavy metal solutions prepared in a Hoagland E- Medium. Any visual changes observed in individual M. verticillatum plants at the onset and end of the study were noted daily. At the end of the experiments, the heavy metal concentrations in the plant biomass were determined. M. verticillatum tolerated the heavy metal ions very well and was also able to grow within the studied concentration range. The heavy metal accumulation followed the order of Pb+2> Cu+2 > Cd+2 > Zn+2 in all mixed and individual aqueous solutions. However, M. verticillatum accumulated a large amount of Pb+2 ions, but new shoots also continued to grow. This may be an indicator that M. verticillatum may be a hyperaccumulator for Pb +2 ions. M. verticillatum also exhibited proton secretion during the metal","PeriodicalId":11598,"journal":{"name":"Ekoloji","volume":"22 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70620526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-24DOI: 10.5053/EKOLOJI.2013.876
A. Y. Sönmez, Samet Hasiloglu, O. Hisar, Hatice Nur Aras Mehan, H. Kaya
Ozet Geleneksel su kalite degerlendirme metotlarinda; alt ve ust limitleri iceren ayirim tablolari kullanilmaktadir. Gozlenen konsantrasyon degerleri, ayirim tablolarinda ayni bolge icerisinde yer aliyorsa; degerler limitlere yakin yada uzak olsun ayni esit oneme sahiptir. Ayrica her bir kalite parametresi, tabloda yer alan dort siniftan birisi icerisinde yer almalidir. Bu nedenle, her bir parametrenin farkli siniflarda oldugu durumlarda da belirsizlik meydana gelir. Bu calismada, su kalite siniflandirilmasinin bulanik mantik ile degerlen- dirilmesinin yapildigi bir indeks model kullanilmistir. Bu amac dogrultusunda; Karasu Nehri'nde 5 istasyonda, 12 ay boyunca, toplam 180 adet olcumu yapilarak; Bakir (Cu), Cinko (Zn), Manganez (Mn), Kursun (Pb), Nikel (Ni), Kadmiyum (Cd) ve Demir (Fe) gibi bazi agir metal konsantrasyonlarinin veri kumesi olusturulmustur. Ardindan Karasu Nehri'ndeki agir metal kirliligi icin bulanik mantik degerlendirme metodu kullanilmistir. Sonucta; cevre yonetiminde karar olusturmak icin bulanik mantik degerlendirme metodunun alternatif bir arac olabilecegi dusunulmustur. Anahtar Kelimeler: Agir metal kirliligi, bulanik mantik degerlendirme metodu, Karasu irmagi, su kalite degerlendirme. Abstract Traditional water quality evaluation methods use discrete form that involve upper and lower limits, and the concentrations values are equally important when the values are near to or far away from the limits. Moreover, each quality parameter might belong to one of the four classes; therefore differences of the classes of the parameters may be vagueness. In this study, an index model is purposed for quality evaluation of water quality classification using fuzzy logic. For that purpose, a data set (12 months, total 180 measurements) about several heavy metals such as Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Manganese (Mn), Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), Cadmium (Cd) and Iron (Fe) was collected from 5 monitoring stations in Karasu River. After that, fuzzy logic assessment method was used to quality evaluation for heavy metal pollution in Karasu stream. In conclusion, it was supposed that fuzzy logic evaluation method may also be used as an alternative tool for decision-making in environmental management.
特殊的常规水降解方法；细微的界限和ust界限被用于分隔符的绘画中。集中度，如果它们与月球的绘画在同一比例上；它具有相同的营养植物，接近或远离极限。此外，任何类型的参数，表中的蛋糕类之一都应该放在冰上。这就是为什么在每个参数都属于不同类别的情况下会存在不确定性。Bu calimada，su kalite sin bulanik mantik ile degerlen-dirilmesin yapildigi bir indeks model kullailmistir。这就是观点正确的时候；在卡拉苏河，有5个站，为期12个月，共有180名成年人；某些agir金属浓度的数据框，如bakir（Cu）、Cinko（Zn）、Manganez（Mn）、Kursun（Pb）、Nikel（Ni）、Kadmiyum（Cd）和Demir（Fe）。此外，卡拉苏河中的敏捷金属污染被用作一种合乎逻辑的降解方法。输出我很快就决定了另一种选择。关键词：Agir金属污染，来源逻辑降解法，卡拉苏降解，水质降解。摘要传统的水质评价方法采用离散形式，包括上限和下限，当浓度值接近或远离极限时，浓度值同样重要。没错！但是为了有效地学习英语，我们需要新材料。因此，参数类别的差异可能是模糊的。本研究利用模糊逻辑建立了水质分类的质量评价指标模型。为此，从卡拉苏河的5个监测站收集了关于几种重金属的数据集（12个月，共180次测量），如铜（Cu）、锌（Zn）、锰（Mn）、铅（Pb）、镍（Ni）、镉（Cd）和铁（Fe）。然后，采用模糊逻辑评价方法对卡拉苏河重金属污染进行了质量评价。总之，模糊逻辑评价方法也可以作为环境管理决策的替代工具。
{"title":"Fuzzy Logic Evaluation of Water Quality Classification for Heavy Metal Pollution in Karasu Stream, Turkey","authors":"A. Y. Sönmez, Samet Hasiloglu, O. Hisar, Hatice Nur Aras Mehan, H. Kaya","doi":"10.5053/EKOLOJI.2013.876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EKOLOJI.2013.876","url":null,"abstract":"Ozet Geleneksel su kalite degerlendirme metotlarinda; alt ve ust limitleri iceren ayirim tablolari kullanilmaktadir. Gozlenen konsantrasyon degerleri, ayirim tablolarinda ayni bolge icerisinde yer aliyorsa; degerler limitlere yakin yada uzak olsun ayni esit oneme sahiptir. Ayrica her bir kalite parametresi, tabloda yer alan dort siniftan birisi icerisinde yer almalidir. Bu nedenle, her bir parametrenin farkli siniflarda oldugu durumlarda da belirsizlik meydana gelir. Bu calismada, su kalite siniflandirilmasinin bulanik mantik ile degerlen- dirilmesinin yapildigi bir indeks model kullanilmistir. Bu amac dogrultusunda; Karasu Nehri'nde 5 istasyonda, 12 ay boyunca, toplam 180 adet olcumu yapilarak; Bakir (Cu), Cinko (Zn), Manganez (Mn), Kursun (Pb), Nikel (Ni), Kadmiyum (Cd) ve Demir (Fe) gibi bazi agir metal konsantrasyonlarinin veri kumesi olusturulmustur. Ardindan Karasu Nehri'ndeki agir metal kirliligi icin bulanik mantik degerlendirme metodu kullanilmistir. Sonucta; cevre yonetiminde karar olusturmak icin bulanik mantik degerlendirme metodunun alternatif bir arac olabilecegi dusunulmustur. Anahtar Kelimeler: Agir metal kirliligi, bulanik mantik degerlendirme metodu, Karasu irmagi, su kalite degerlendirme. Abstract Traditional water quality evaluation methods use discrete form that involve upper and lower limits, and the concentrations values are equally important when the values are near to or far away from the limits. Moreover, each quality parameter might belong to one of the four classes; therefore differences of the classes of the parameters may be vagueness. In this study, an index model is purposed for quality evaluation of water quality classification using fuzzy logic. For that purpose, a data set (12 months, total 180 measurements) about several heavy metals such as Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Manganese (Mn), Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), Cadmium (Cd) and Iron (Fe) was collected from 5 monitoring stations in Karasu River. After that, fuzzy logic assessment method was used to quality evaluation for heavy metal pollution in Karasu stream. In conclusion, it was supposed that fuzzy logic evaluation method may also be used as an alternative tool for decision-making in environmental management.","PeriodicalId":11598,"journal":{"name":"Ekoloji","volume":"22 1","pages":"43-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70620540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-31DOI: 10.5053/EKOLOJI.2013.863
H. Demirulus
This study was conducted to determine some heavy metal concentrations of eggs obtained from Van lake territory. Samples of hen egg were collected from 27 farms distributed in Van province, Turkey to analyze the contents of Zn, Cu, Cd, Mn, and Ni in albumen and yolk with Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The average concentrations of heavy metals were found as follows: Zn: 35.6 ppm and 42.2 ppm in yolk, 4.3 ppm and 7.4 ppm in albumen; Cu: 2.7 ppm and 10.5 ppm in yolk, 7.0 ppm and 1.5 ppm in albumen; Cd: 0.34 ppm and 1.24 ppm in yolk, 0.31 ppm and 1.25 ppm in albumen; Mn: 1.9 ppm and 6.8 ppm in yolk, 2.0 ppm and 4.5 ppm in albumen; Ni: 1.7 ppm and 3.1 ppm in yolk, 2.8 ppm and 3.7 ppm in albumen respectively. The calculated amounts of Cd in hen egg suggest that the eggs are safe in terms of four metals when compared with WHO-FAO provisional tolerated amount. Eggs are rich sources of Zn, Cu, Mn, and Ni generally.
{"title":"The Heavy Metal Content in Chicken Eggs Consumed in Van Lake Territory","authors":"H. Demirulus","doi":"10.5053/EKOLOJI.2013.863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EKOLOJI.2013.863","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to determine some heavy metal concentrations of eggs obtained from Van lake territory. Samples of hen egg were collected from 27 farms distributed in Van province, Turkey to analyze the contents of Zn, Cu, Cd, Mn, and Ni in albumen and yolk with Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The average concentrations of heavy metals were found as follows: Zn: 35.6 ppm and 42.2 ppm in yolk, 4.3 ppm and 7.4 ppm in albumen; Cu: 2.7 ppm and 10.5 ppm in yolk, 7.0 ppm and 1.5 ppm in albumen; Cd: 0.34 ppm and 1.24 ppm in yolk, 0.31 ppm and 1.25 ppm in albumen; Mn: 1.9 ppm and 6.8 ppm in yolk, 2.0 ppm and 4.5 ppm in albumen; Ni: 1.7 ppm and 3.1 ppm in yolk, 2.8 ppm and 3.7 ppm in albumen respectively. The calculated amounts of Cd in hen egg suggest that the eggs are safe in terms of four metals when compared with WHO-FAO provisional tolerated amount. Eggs are rich sources of Zn, Cu, Mn, and Ni generally.","PeriodicalId":11598,"journal":{"name":"Ekoloji","volume":"22 1","pages":"19-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70619627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-31DOI: 10.5053/EKOLOJI.2013.868
Ozgur Ozbay, Munir Ziya Lugal Goksu, M. T. Alp, M. A. Sungur
Ozet Bu calismada Mersin Ili'nin onemli akarsularindan birisi olan Berdan Cayi'nda mevsimsel olarak toplanan sediment orneklerinde Kadmiyum (Cd), Krom (Cr), Mangan (Mn), Nikel (Ni), Cinko (Zn), Bakir (Cu), Kursun (Pb), Demir (Fe) ve Aluminyum (Al) gibi agir metallerin birikim duzeyleri arastirilmistir. Calisma sonuclarina gore sedimentte agir metal birikim duzeyleri, Fe; 18521,91 μg/g, Al;12907,70 μg/g, Mn; 377,40 μg/g, Ni; 167,68 μg/g, Cr; 57,81 μg/g, Zn; 45,59 μg/g, Cu; 28,38 μg/g, Pb; 22,82 μg/g ve Cd; 4,54 μg/g olarak tespit edilmis ve agir metaller Fe>Al>Mn>Ni>Cr>Zn>Cu>Pb>Cd olarak siralama gostermistir. Sonuc olarak Berdan Cayi'nin kirlilik tehdidi altinda oldugu saptamistir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Agir metal, Berdan Cayi, sediment. Investigation of Heavy Metal Levels in Sediment of the Berdan River (Tarsus- Mersin) Abstract In the study, samples were seasonally taken from Berdan River- which is one of the major rivers in the province of Mersin -and accumulation levels of heavy metals such as Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Manganese (Mn), Nickel (Ni), Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), Lead (Pb), Iron (Fe) and Aluminum (Al) were determined in sediment samples According to results of the study, heavy metal accumulation levels in the sediment Fe; 18521.91 μg/g, Al;12907.70 μg/g, Mn; 377.40 μg/g, Ni; 167.68 μg/g, Cr; 57.81 μg/g, Zn; 45.59 μg/g, Cu; 28.38 μg/g, Pb; 22.82 μg/g and Cd; 4.54 μg/g were fasten down and heavy metals were in the sequence as follows: Fe>Al>Mn>Ni>Cr>Zn>Cu>Pb>Cd. Finally, it has been observed that Berdan River is under the threat of pollution.
{"title":"Berdan Çayi (Tarsus - Mersin) Sedimentinde Ağir Metal Düzeylerinin Araştirilmasi","authors":"Ozgur Ozbay, Munir Ziya Lugal Goksu, M. T. Alp, M. A. Sungur","doi":"10.5053/EKOLOJI.2013.868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EKOLOJI.2013.868","url":null,"abstract":"Ozet Bu calismada Mersin Ili'nin onemli akarsularindan birisi olan Berdan Cayi'nda mevsimsel olarak toplanan sediment orneklerinde Kadmiyum (Cd), Krom (Cr), Mangan (Mn), Nikel (Ni), Cinko (Zn), Bakir (Cu), Kursun (Pb), Demir (Fe) ve Aluminyum (Al) gibi agir metallerin birikim duzeyleri arastirilmistir. Calisma sonuclarina gore sedimentte agir metal birikim duzeyleri, Fe; 18521,91 μg/g, Al;12907,70 μg/g, Mn; 377,40 μg/g, Ni; 167,68 μg/g, Cr; 57,81 μg/g, Zn; 45,59 μg/g, Cu; 28,38 μg/g, Pb; 22,82 μg/g ve Cd; 4,54 μg/g olarak tespit edilmis ve agir metaller Fe>Al>Mn>Ni>Cr>Zn>Cu>Pb>Cd olarak siralama gostermistir. Sonuc olarak Berdan Cayi'nin kirlilik tehdidi altinda oldugu saptamistir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Agir metal, Berdan Cayi, sediment. Investigation of Heavy Metal Levels in Sediment of the Berdan River (Tarsus- Mersin) Abstract In the study, samples were seasonally taken from Berdan River- which is one of the major rivers in the province of Mersin -and accumulation levels of heavy metals such as Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Manganese (Mn), Nickel (Ni), Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), Lead (Pb), Iron (Fe) and Aluminum (Al) were determined in sediment samples According to results of the study, heavy metal accumulation levels in the sediment Fe; 18521.91 μg/g, Al;12907.70 μg/g, Mn; 377.40 μg/g, Ni; 167.68 μg/g, Cr; 57.81 μg/g, Zn; 45.59 μg/g, Cu; 28.38 μg/g, Pb; 22.82 μg/g and Cd; 4.54 μg/g were fasten down and heavy metals were in the sequence as follows: Fe>Al>Mn>Ni>Cr>Zn>Cu>Pb>Cd. Finally, it has been observed that Berdan River is under the threat of pollution.","PeriodicalId":11598,"journal":{"name":"Ekoloji","volume":"22 1","pages":"68-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70620404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-31DOI: 10.5053/EKOLOJI.2013.864
A. Aslan
This study examined the characteristics and dyeing fastness of sheep skins that had been tanned with two different vegetal tannins: hydrolysable tara and condensed quebracho tannins. After tanning, chitosan formate was applied to the leathers in four different proportions. The dye exhaustion and tensile strengths of the leathers increased as the proportion of chitosan formate increased, and the highest levels of both dye exhaustion and tensile strength were obtained in an application at a proportion of 200% on the basis of leather weight. Leathers treated with chitosan formate had slightly higher tensile strength values than the control leathers. In addition, chitosan formate was found to improve waste water parameters such as chemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids, total dissolved solids, salinity, and electrical conductivity.
{"title":"Improving the Dyeing Properties of Vegetable Tanned Leathers Using Chitosan Formate","authors":"A. Aslan","doi":"10.5053/EKOLOJI.2013.864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EKOLOJI.2013.864","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the characteristics and dyeing fastness of sheep skins that had been tanned with two different vegetal tannins: hydrolysable tara and condensed quebracho tannins. After tanning, chitosan formate was applied to the leathers in four different proportions. The dye exhaustion and tensile strengths of the leathers increased as the proportion of chitosan formate increased, and the highest levels of both dye exhaustion and tensile strength were obtained in an application at a proportion of 200% on the basis of leather weight. Leathers treated with chitosan formate had slightly higher tensile strength values than the control leathers. In addition, chitosan formate was found to improve waste water parameters such as chemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids, total dissolved solids, salinity, and electrical conductivity.","PeriodicalId":11598,"journal":{"name":"Ekoloji","volume":"22 1","pages":"26-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70619759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-31DOI: 10.5053/EKOLOJI.2013.866
Sevan Gürün, A. Erdem
Ozet Ayamama Deresi'nin Marmara Denizine dokuldugu alanda Marmara Denizi'ni ne derecede kirlettigini saptamak uzere Mayis 2007- Nisan 2008 aylari arasinda, Ayamama Deresi'nin Marmara Denizine dokuldugu alanda ve cevresindeki alti farkli istasyondan iki haftada bir deniz suyu ornekleri alinarak fekal koliform, total koliform, fekal streptokok, Salmonella spp. ve total mezofilik aerobik heterotrofik bakteriler yonunden incelenmistir. Ornek alinan yedi bolgede de genellikle bulunan bakteri duzeylerinin deniz suyu kalite standartlarinin uzerinde oldugu saptanmistir. Incelenen yedi bolge icinde en iyi durumda olan bolgenin, desarj noktasindan 1 kilometre acikta bulunan 6 numarali istasyon, en kirli bolgenin ise Ayamama Deresi'nin Marmara Denizi'ne dokuldugu nokta olan 1 numarali istasyon oldugu tespit edilmistir. Ayni zamanda, indikator bakteri sayisinin aylara ve mevsimlere gore dagilimlarinin bolgelere bagli olarak degiskenlik gosterdigi saptanmistir. Ayrica istasyonlarin bakteriyolojik kirlilik acisindan benzerligini saptamak uzere kumeleme analizi yapilmis, kumeleme analizi sonucu elde edilen dendogramlardan desarj noktasindan 500 metre acikta bulunan istasyon, Hava Harp Okulu (Yesilkoy) ve dort yildizli bir otel ve Yesilyurt Spor Kulubu onu olarak belirtilen istasyonlarin fekal koliform, total koliform, fekal streptokok ve Salmonella spp. sayilari acisindan birinci derecede, desarj noktasindan 1 kilometre acikta bulunan istasyonun ise genellikle ikinci derecede benzerlik gosterdigi saptanmistir. Sonuc olarak, tum bulgular incelendiginde Ayamama Deresi'nin Marmara Denizi icin cok ciddi bir bakteriyolojik risk tasidigi acikca gorulmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Fekal koliform, fekal streptokok, su kirliligi. Examination of the Level of Bacteriological Pollution in the Discharge Area of the Ayamama Stream to the Marmara Sea Abstract In this study seawater samples were taken from Ayamama stream's discharge point and from around of its six different areas every 15 days, and were examined in terms of bacteria such as faecal coliform, total coliform, faecal streptococci, Salmonella spp. and total mezophilic aerobic heterotrophic bacteria from May 2007 to April 2008. It is found that in all of the seven areas from which samples were taken, bacteria counts found are over seawater quality standards. It is found that the area in the best condition is station 6 which is far away 1 km from discharge point and the worst one is station 1 which is discharge point of the Ayamama stream to Marmara sea. Also, it is determined that the number of indicator bacteria show difference depending on months and seasons. Furthermore, a hierarchical ascendant cluster analysis was used to classify the sampling stations into similar groups. Dendograms obtained from cluster analysis has revealed that stations which are far away 500 m discharge point, in front of Air Force Academy (Yesilkoy), an four-star hotel and Yesilyurt sports club were similar at the first level in terms of t
Ozet Ayamama Deresi’nin Marmara Denizine dokuldugu alanda Marmara Denizin ne derecede kirlettigini saptamak uzere Mayis 2007-Nisan 2008 aylari arasinda，Ayamama Delesi’in Marmara Denizine dokuldugu aranda ve cevresindeki alti farkli istasyondan iki haftada bir deniz suyu ornekleri alinarak fekal koliform，total koliform，用yona法对沙门氏菌和总嗜中温需氧异养菌进行了检测。在森林中，通常在海洋中发现七种细菌，它们是在没有海洋水质标准的情况下观察到的。在研究的七个点中，该站被确定为距离海岸1公里，污染最严重的站是马尔马拉海海湾脚下的一号站。同时，该指标显示，月份和季节中的细菌数量会随着年排放量的减少而减少。此外，我们还分析了类似于细菌污染的细胞积累，对距离车厢甜点点500米处的细胞积累进行了积累分析，对空港学校（Yesilkoy）和一家道尔顿酒店的车站，以及Yesilyurt体育俱乐部的车站的总大肠菌群进行了分析，链球菌和沙门氏菌属的第一级是车站距离困难点约1公里，这通常与第二级相似。因此，当我们检查体积时，Ayamama级很快就受到了马尔马拉海非常严重的细菌风险评估的保护。关键词：神秘大肠菌群，神秘链球菌，水污染。Ayamama溪至马尔马拉海排放区细菌污染水平的检测摘要在本研究中，每15天从Ayamama溪流的排放点及其六个不同区域的周围采集海水样本，并对其进行细菌检测，如粪大肠菌群、总大肠菌群和粪链球菌，2007年5月至2008年4月，沙门氏菌属和总的嗜美唑需氧异养细菌。研究发现，在所有七个采集样本的地区，发现的细菌数量都超过了海水质量标准。研究发现，条件最好的区域是距离泄流点1km的6号站，最差的区域是Ayamama河至Marmara海的泄流点1号站。此外，还确定了指示细菌的数量随月份和季节的不同而不同。此外，采用层次优势聚类分析将采样站分为相似的组。从聚类分析中获得的Dendograms显示，在空军学院（Yesilkoy）、一家四星级酒店和Yesilyurt体育俱乐部门前500米排放点外的加油站，其粪便大肠菌群、总大肠菌群，粪便链球菌和沙门氏菌的数量在一级相似。然而，距离排放点1公里远的6号站在第二层也是类似的。因此，当对所有发现进行检查时，可以看出Ayamama溪对马尔马拉海构成了非常严重的威胁。
{"title":"Ayamama Deresi’nin Marmara Denizi’ne Deşarj Alanındaki Bakteriyolojik Kirlilik Düzeyinin İncelenmesi","authors":"Sevan Gürün, A. Erdem","doi":"10.5053/EKOLOJI.2013.866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EKOLOJI.2013.866","url":null,"abstract":"Ozet Ayamama Deresi'nin Marmara Denizine dokuldugu alanda Marmara Denizi'ni ne derecede kirlettigini saptamak uzere Mayis 2007- Nisan 2008 aylari arasinda, Ayamama Deresi'nin Marmara Denizine dokuldugu alanda ve cevresindeki alti farkli istasyondan iki haftada bir deniz suyu ornekleri alinarak fekal koliform, total koliform, fekal streptokok, Salmonella spp. ve total mezofilik aerobik heterotrofik bakteriler yonunden incelenmistir. Ornek alinan yedi bolgede de genellikle bulunan bakteri duzeylerinin deniz suyu kalite standartlarinin uzerinde oldugu saptanmistir. Incelenen yedi bolge icinde en iyi durumda olan bolgenin, desarj noktasindan 1 kilometre acikta bulunan 6 numarali istasyon, en kirli bolgenin ise Ayamama Deresi'nin Marmara Denizi'ne dokuldugu nokta olan 1 numarali istasyon oldugu tespit edilmistir. Ayni zamanda, indikator bakteri sayisinin aylara ve mevsimlere gore dagilimlarinin bolgelere bagli olarak degiskenlik gosterdigi saptanmistir. Ayrica istasyonlarin bakteriyolojik kirlilik acisindan benzerligini saptamak uzere kumeleme analizi yapilmis, kumeleme analizi sonucu elde edilen dendogramlardan desarj noktasindan 500 metre acikta bulunan istasyon, Hava Harp Okulu (Yesilkoy) ve dort yildizli bir otel ve Yesilyurt Spor Kulubu onu olarak belirtilen istasyonlarin fekal koliform, total koliform, fekal streptokok ve Salmonella spp. sayilari acisindan birinci derecede, desarj noktasindan 1 kilometre acikta bulunan istasyonun ise genellikle ikinci derecede benzerlik gosterdigi saptanmistir. Sonuc olarak, tum bulgular incelendiginde Ayamama Deresi'nin Marmara Denizi icin cok ciddi bir bakteriyolojik risk tasidigi acikca gorulmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Fekal koliform, fekal streptokok, su kirliligi. Examination of the Level of Bacteriological Pollution in the Discharge Area of the Ayamama Stream to the Marmara Sea Abstract In this study seawater samples were taken from Ayamama stream's discharge point and from around of its six different areas every 15 days, and were examined in terms of bacteria such as faecal coliform, total coliform, faecal streptococci, Salmonella spp. and total mezophilic aerobic heterotrophic bacteria from May 2007 to April 2008. It is found that in all of the seven areas from which samples were taken, bacteria counts found are over seawater quality standards. It is found that the area in the best condition is station 6 which is far away 1 km from discharge point and the worst one is station 1 which is discharge point of the Ayamama stream to Marmara sea. Also, it is determined that the number of indicator bacteria show difference depending on months and seasons. Furthermore, a hierarchical ascendant cluster analysis was used to classify the sampling stations into similar groups. Dendograms obtained from cluster analysis has revealed that stations which are far away 500 m discharge point, in front of Air Force Academy (Yesilkoy), an four-star hotel and Yesilyurt sports club were similar at the first level in terms of t","PeriodicalId":11598,"journal":{"name":"Ekoloji","volume":"22 1","pages":"48-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70619862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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