Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.4103/endo.endo_227_21
Neha Mundhada, C. Makade, Pratima R Shenoi
Aims: We aimed to investigate the effect of instrument length on the torsional resistance and bending property of three nickel–titanium files, namely ProTaper Gold (PTG), ProTaper Next (PTN), and HyFlex CM (HCM) using finite element analysis. Materials and Methods: Three-dimensional models of each aforementioned system were created using the computer-assisted design (CAD) software SolidWorks® 2016 (Dassault Systèmes, SolidWorks Corp., Concord, MA, U. S.). Then, all models were imported to the ANSYS® Workbench 16 (Canonsburg, PA, U. S.) where the simulation was computed. The boundary conditions used to simulate the behavior of the endodontic instruments were in compliance with the ISO 3630 1 specification standards. Results: It was observed that in bending test, HCM model exhibited load of 510.35 MPa with displacement of 6.05 mm, followed by PTG model (465.48 MPa) and 11.21 mm displacement, then PTN file model (440.74 MPa) and 10.30 mm displacement, whereas in torsional test the rigidity curve for HCM file (1.9673 N mm/Radian) lies much below PTG (6.4615 N mm/Radian) which clearly shows that HCM is flexible as compared to PTG and PTN. Conclusion: Considering the high flexibility of the HCM file, it can be effectively used in severely curved root canals and PTG and PTN files in moderately curved root canals. It was also recommended that HCM files should not be kept in canals for a longer time because stresses might reach to ultimate level quickly which can cause fracture.
目的:通过有限元分析，探讨不同长度对ProTaper Gold (PTG)、ProTaper Next (PTN)和HyFlex CM (HCM)三种镍钛锉抗扭性能和弯曲性能的影响。材料和方法:使用计算机辅助设计(CAD)软件SolidWorks®2016 (Dassault systemmes, SolidWorks Corp.， Concord, MA, usa)创建上述每个系统的三维模型。然后，将所有模型导入ANSYS®Workbench 16 (Canonsburg, PA, usa)进行仿真计算。用于模拟根管器械行为的边界条件符合ISO 36301规范标准。结果:在弯曲试验中，HCM模型的载荷为510.35 MPa，位移为6.05 mm，其次是PTG模型(465.48 MPa)，位移为11.21 mm，然后是PTN锉模型(440.74 MPa)，位移为10.30 mm，而在扭转试验中，HCM锉的刚度曲线(1.9673 N mm/Radian)远低于PTG模型(6.4615 N mm/Radian)，明显表明HCM比PTG和PTN具有柔性。结论:HCM锉具有较高的柔韧性，可有效用于重度弯曲根管，PTG锉和PTN锉可用于中度弯曲根管。同时建议HCM锉不应在管内放置太长时间，因为应力可能很快达到极限水平，导致骨折。
{"title":"Comparative evaluation of bending property and torsional resistance of three nickel–titanium files: A finite element analysis","authors":"Neha Mundhada, C. Makade, Pratima R Shenoi","doi":"10.4103/endo.endo_227_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/endo.endo_227_21","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: We aimed to investigate the effect of instrument length on the torsional resistance and bending property of three nickel–titanium files, namely ProTaper Gold (PTG), ProTaper Next (PTN), and HyFlex CM (HCM) using finite element analysis. Materials and Methods: Three-dimensional models of each aforementioned system were created using the computer-assisted design (CAD) software SolidWorks® 2016 (Dassault Systèmes, SolidWorks Corp., Concord, MA, U. S.). Then, all models were imported to the ANSYS® Workbench 16 (Canonsburg, PA, U. S.) where the simulation was computed. The boundary conditions used to simulate the behavior of the endodontic instruments were in compliance with the ISO 3630 1 specification standards. Results: It was observed that in bending test, HCM model exhibited load of 510.35 MPa with displacement of 6.05 mm, followed by PTG model (465.48 MPa) and 11.21 mm displacement, then PTN file model (440.74 MPa) and 10.30 mm displacement, whereas in torsional test the rigidity curve for HCM file (1.9673 N mm/Radian) lies much below PTG (6.4615 N mm/Radian) which clearly shows that HCM is flexible as compared to PTG and PTN. Conclusion: Considering the high flexibility of the HCM file, it can be effectively used in severely curved root canals and PTG and PTN files in moderately curved root canals. It was also recommended that HCM files should not be kept in canals for a longer time because stresses might reach to ultimate level quickly which can cause fracture.","PeriodicalId":11607,"journal":{"name":"Endodontology","volume":"34 1","pages":"196 - 201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44378378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.4103/endo.endo_167_21
Pratima Mohana, D. Abraham, Alka Gurawa, Alpa Gupta, P. Chauhan, Arundeep Singh, Sucheta Jala
Aim: The aim of the study is to evaluate and compare the quantity of apical debris extrusion from the root canals during biomechanical preparation by various rotary (reciprocating, Protaper Next [PTN] continuous) and manual hand filing system and by means of Crown-Down and Step Back techniques. Materials and Methods: Eighty mature, human mandibular premolars with single canals were randomly divided into four groups of twenty teeth each. Each group was instrumented using one of the four instrumentation systems: Group A: WaveOne, Group B: PTN, Group C: Hand file with Crown Down, Group D: Hand file with Step Back. Extruded debris was collected in preweighed Eppendorf tubes and the extruded irrigant was evaporated. The weight of the dry extruded debris was established by comparing the pre and post-instrumentation weight of Eppendorf tubes for each group. Results: Mean comparison of groups in different instrumentation by ANOVA presented that hand file with Step-Back technique is showed maximum amount of apical extrusion debris and continuous rotary file system showed the minimum amount of extrusion debris (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The current ex vivo study demonstrated reciprocating single file WaveOne and continuous rotary multiple file system lead to significantly less debris extrusion than manual hand file techniques. Reciprocating single file WaveOne extruded more debris than continuous rotary PTN multiple file system. More amount of debris was extruded in the group with Step-Back hand filing than Crown-Down technique.
目的:本研究的目的是评估和比较在生物力学准备过程中，通过各种旋转(往复，Protaper Next [PTN]连续)和手动锉制系统以及Crown-Down和Step - Back技术，从根管中挤出根尖碎片的数量。材料与方法:80颗成年单根管的人下颌前磨牙随机分为4组，每组20颗。每组使用四种仪器系统中的一种进行仪器测量:A组:WaveOne, B组:PTN, C组:Crown Down Hand锉，D组:Step Back Hand锉。挤压后的碎屑被收集在预称重的艾朋多夫管中，挤压后的冲洗液被蒸发。通过比较各组埃彭多夫管测量前和测量后的重量来确定干挤压碎片的重量。结果:经方差分析，不同器械组间的平均比较显示，采用步退技术的手锉产生的根尖挤压碎屑最多，连续旋转锉产生的根尖挤压碎屑最少(P < 0.001)。结论:目前的离体研究表明，往复单锉WaveOne和连续旋转多锉系统比手工锉技术明显减少了碎片挤压。往复单文件WaveOne比连续旋转PTN多文件系统挤出更多的碎片。Step-Back hand锉组比Crown-Down锉组挤压出更多的碎片。
{"title":"Quantitative evaluation of apically extruded debris during root canal preparation with reciprocating single file system, continuous rotary multiple file system and manual technique: An in vitro study","authors":"Pratima Mohana, D. Abraham, Alka Gurawa, Alpa Gupta, P. Chauhan, Arundeep Singh, Sucheta Jala","doi":"10.4103/endo.endo_167_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/endo.endo_167_21","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The aim of the study is to evaluate and compare the quantity of apical debris extrusion from the root canals during biomechanical preparation by various rotary (reciprocating, Protaper Next [PTN] continuous) and manual hand filing system and by means of Crown-Down and Step Back techniques. Materials and Methods: Eighty mature, human mandibular premolars with single canals were randomly divided into four groups of twenty teeth each. Each group was instrumented using one of the four instrumentation systems: Group A: WaveOne, Group B: PTN, Group C: Hand file with Crown Down, Group D: Hand file with Step Back. Extruded debris was collected in preweighed Eppendorf tubes and the extruded irrigant was evaporated. The weight of the dry extruded debris was established by comparing the pre and post-instrumentation weight of Eppendorf tubes for each group. Results: Mean comparison of groups in different instrumentation by ANOVA presented that hand file with Step-Back technique is showed maximum amount of apical extrusion debris and continuous rotary file system showed the minimum amount of extrusion debris (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The current ex vivo study demonstrated reciprocating single file WaveOne and continuous rotary multiple file system lead to significantly less debris extrusion than manual hand file techniques. Reciprocating single file WaveOne extruded more debris than continuous rotary PTN multiple file system. More amount of debris was extruded in the group with Step-Back hand filing than Crown-Down technique.","PeriodicalId":11607,"journal":{"name":"Endodontology","volume":"34 1","pages":"80 - 85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46605114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.4103/endo.endo_104_22
V. Chopra, Harneet Chopra, Gurdeep Singh, Shahab Javanmardi, Nutayla Alharthy, A. Qutieshat, Ajinkya M. Pawar
Internal inflammatory root resorption is an uncommon pathology that can progress to the periradicular vicinity. It is frequently asymptomatic and only discovered during a radiological screening. Appropriate and timely diagnosis is extremely crucial in tackling these cases. A perforating internal resorptive cavity in the distal root of the mandibular first molar was successfully managed using a sandwich concept of sectional apical obturation with gutta-percha and Bioceramic sealer followed by the placement of mineral trioxide aggregate in the resorptive cavity.
{"title":"Endodontic management of perforating internal resorption in a mandibular molar using sandwich technique","authors":"V. Chopra, Harneet Chopra, Gurdeep Singh, Shahab Javanmardi, Nutayla Alharthy, A. Qutieshat, Ajinkya M. Pawar","doi":"10.4103/endo.endo_104_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/endo.endo_104_22","url":null,"abstract":"Internal inflammatory root resorption is an uncommon pathology that can progress to the periradicular vicinity. It is frequently asymptomatic and only discovered during a radiological screening. Appropriate and timely diagnosis is extremely crucial in tackling these cases. A perforating internal resorptive cavity in the distal root of the mandibular first molar was successfully managed using a sandwich concept of sectional apical obturation with gutta-percha and Bioceramic sealer followed by the placement of mineral trioxide aggregate in the resorptive cavity.","PeriodicalId":11607,"journal":{"name":"Endodontology","volume":"34 1","pages":"208 - 211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43973345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pulkit Malhotra, P. Bansal, V. Nikhil, S. Jaiswal, Sachin Gupta
Aim: To comparatively evaluate in vitro the cyclic fatigue resistance of different file systems based on different manufacturing technologies after exposure to NaOCl and multiple sterilization cycles. Materials and Methods: Sixty new Nickel − Titanium (NiTi) rotary files were selected and divided into five groups (n = 12) based on different manufacturing technology. These groups were: Protaper Universal (GPT) (DentsplyMaillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) Protaper Next (GPTN) (Dentsply, Tulsa, OK, USA), Twisted files (GTF) (Sybron Endo, Orange, CA, USA), Neoniti (GNL) (Neolix, France), and Hyflex CM (GHCM) (Coltene/whaledent inc., 235 Ascort Parkway, Cuyahoga falls, OH, USA). Files were sterilized in an autoclave at 121°C at 15 psi for 15 min and exposed to 5.0% NaOCl solution for 30 s before cyclic fatigue testing till instrument fracture using a standardized grooved block assembly with the artificial canal at 90° angle of curvature using a 16:1 reduction hand-piece powered by a torque-controlled motor. This whole procedure of autoclaving, immersion in sodium hypochlorite solution and rotating in a stainless steel assembly was repeated again and again until the file fractured. Results: The highest mean for the number of cycles before fracture was observed with Neoniti (GNL) and lowest for Hyflex CM (GHCM). The difference between GPT vs GTF, GPTvs GNL, GNLvs GHCM; GPTNvs GTF, GPTNvs GNL, GPTNvs GHCM; GTFvs GNL, GTFvs GHCM and GNL VS GHCM was statistically significant, whereas the difference between GPTvs GPTN was statistically nonsignificant. Conclusion: Neoniti and twisted file systems resisted the maximum number of cycles to fracture at 90° angle of curvature after exposure to 5% sodium hypochlorite solution and multiple autoclaving cycles. Hyflex CM showed the least resistance in the similar conditions.
目的:比较评价不同制造工艺的不同文件系统在NaOCl暴露和多次灭菌循环后的体外抗循环疲劳性能。材料与方法:选择60个新型镍钛(NiTi)旋转锉，根据不同的制造工艺分为5组(n = 12)。这些组分别是:Protaper Universal (GPT) (DentsplyMaillefer，瑞士Ballaigues) Protaper Next (GPTN) (Dentsply, Tulsa, OK, USA)， Twisted files (GTF) (Sybron Endo, Orange, CA, USA)， Neoniti (GNL) (Neolix, France)和Hyflex CM (GHCM) (Coltene/whaledent inc.， 235 Ascort Parkway, Cuyahoga falls, OH, USA)。锉刀在121°C, 15psi的高压灭菌器中灭菌15分钟，暴露于5.0% NaOCl溶液中30秒，然后进行循环疲劳测试，直到使用标准化槽块组件和人工管在90°曲率角下使用16:1减速手件进行仪器断裂，由扭矩控制电机驱动。高压灭菌、浸泡在次氯酸钠溶液中并在不锈钢组件中旋转的整个过程一遍又一遍地重复，直到锉刀断裂。结果:骨折前平均周期数以Neoniti (GNL)组最高，Hyflex CM (GHCM)组最低。GPT与GTF、GPTvs GNL、GNLvs GHCM的区别GPTNvs GTF, GPTNvs GNL, GPTNvs GHCM;GTFvs GNL、GTFvs GHCM、GNL VS GHCM差异有统计学意义，GPTvs GPTN差异无统计学意义。结论:暴露于5%次氯酸钠溶液和多次高压灭菌循环后，新生儿和扭曲的文件系统在90°曲率角处抵抗了最大循环次数的断裂。在相同条件下，Hyflex CM表现出最小的抗性。
{"title":"Comparative evaluation of cyclic fatigue resistance of file systems based on different manufacturing technologies after exposure to NaOCl and multiple sterilization cycles","authors":"Pulkit Malhotra, P. Bansal, V. Nikhil, S. Jaiswal, Sachin Gupta","doi":"10.4103/endo.endo_90_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/endo.endo_90_19","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To comparatively evaluate in vitro the cyclic fatigue resistance of different file systems based on different manufacturing technologies after exposure to NaOCl and multiple sterilization cycles. Materials and Methods: Sixty new Nickel − Titanium (NiTi) rotary files were selected and divided into five groups (n = 12) based on different manufacturing technology. These groups were: Protaper Universal (GPT) (DentsplyMaillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) Protaper Next (GPTN) (Dentsply, Tulsa, OK, USA), Twisted files (GTF) (Sybron Endo, Orange, CA, USA), Neoniti (GNL) (Neolix, France), and Hyflex CM (GHCM) (Coltene/whaledent inc., 235 Ascort Parkway, Cuyahoga falls, OH, USA). Files were sterilized in an autoclave at 121°C at 15 psi for 15 min and exposed to 5.0% NaOCl solution for 30 s before cyclic fatigue testing till instrument fracture using a standardized grooved block assembly with the artificial canal at 90° angle of curvature using a 16:1 reduction hand-piece powered by a torque-controlled motor. This whole procedure of autoclaving, immersion in sodium hypochlorite solution and rotating in a stainless steel assembly was repeated again and again until the file fractured. Results: The highest mean for the number of cycles before fracture was observed with Neoniti (GNL) and lowest for Hyflex CM (GHCM). The difference between GPT vs GTF, GPTvs GNL, GNLvs GHCM; GPTNvs GTF, GPTNvs GNL, GPTNvs GHCM; GTFvs GNL, GTFvs GHCM and GNL VS GHCM was statistically significant, whereas the difference between GPTvs GPTN was statistically nonsignificant. Conclusion: Neoniti and twisted file systems resisted the maximum number of cycles to fracture at 90° angle of curvature after exposure to 5% sodium hypochlorite solution and multiple autoclaving cycles. Hyflex CM showed the least resistance in the similar conditions.","PeriodicalId":11607,"journal":{"name":"Endodontology","volume":"34 1","pages":"151 - 155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47260828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this case report is to depict novel guided endodontic approach for the management of calcified tooth with a large periapical lesion using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and three-dimensional (3D) printed guide. The patient presented with swelling on the upper left front tooth region. Intraoral periapical radiograph revealed periapical radiolucency associated with upper left lateral incisor. Due to pulp canal calcification, location of the root canal was judged to be difficult and associated with a high risk of perforation. A CBCT and an intraoral surface scan were performed and matched using software for virtual planning of guided endodontics. After planning the position of the drill for root canal location, a virtual template was designed and 3D printed which was then used for guided endodontic access.
{"title":"Guided endodontics: Management of calcified tooth with a large periapical lesion using cone beam computed tomography and three-dimensional printed guide: A case report","authors":"A. Nazar, Liza George, J. Mathew","doi":"10.4103/endo.endo_84_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/endo.endo_84_21","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this case report is to depict novel guided endodontic approach for the management of calcified tooth with a large periapical lesion using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and three-dimensional (3D) printed guide. The patient presented with swelling on the upper left front tooth region. Intraoral periapical radiograph revealed periapical radiolucency associated with upper left lateral incisor. Due to pulp canal calcification, location of the root canal was judged to be difficult and associated with a high risk of perforation. A CBCT and an intraoral surface scan were performed and matched using software for virtual planning of guided endodontics. After planning the position of the drill for root canal location, a virtual template was designed and 3D printed which was then used for guided endodontic access.","PeriodicalId":11607,"journal":{"name":"Endodontology","volume":"34 1","pages":"131 - 136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49326910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.4103/endo.endo_197_21
L. Likhyani, M. Choudhary, S. Khandelwal, Y. Chacko
An abnormal union of two or more tooth germs in the development process results in fusion of teeth. Such clinical situations present a diagnostic dilemma and a challenge in treatment planning. This article reports the endodontic and esthetic management of an atypical permanent maxillary lateral incisor fused with a supernumerary tooth and a coronal dens invaginatus. A 22-year-old female reported an abnormally large and discolored permanent maxillary left lateral incisor (#22). Cone-beam computed tomographic evaluation revealed a complex, labiolingually thin ribbon-shaped canal system in the central portion interconnected with two other canals along with a coronal dens invaginatus. A 2-year follow-up demonstrated satisfactory clinical and radiographic outcomes after the endodontic therapy and a veneer placement on the concerned tooth.
{"title":"Management of an anomalous maxillary lateral incisor fused with a supernumerary tooth and a coronal dens invaginatus","authors":"L. Likhyani, M. Choudhary, S. Khandelwal, Y. Chacko","doi":"10.4103/endo.endo_197_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/endo.endo_197_21","url":null,"abstract":"An abnormal union of two or more tooth germs in the development process results in fusion of teeth. Such clinical situations present a diagnostic dilemma and a challenge in treatment planning. This article reports the endodontic and esthetic management of an atypical permanent maxillary lateral incisor fused with a supernumerary tooth and a coronal dens invaginatus. A 22-year-old female reported an abnormally large and discolored permanent maxillary left lateral incisor (#22). Cone-beam computed tomographic evaluation revealed a complex, labiolingually thin ribbon-shaped canal system in the central portion interconnected with two other canals along with a coronal dens invaginatus. A 2-year follow-up demonstrated satisfactory clinical and radiographic outcomes after the endodontic therapy and a veneer placement on the concerned tooth.","PeriodicalId":11607,"journal":{"name":"Endodontology","volume":"34 1","pages":"137 - 140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70731794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim: This study aims to evaluate and compare the antimicrobial effect of Photosensitized Nanoparticles, Diode Laser (DL), and Conventional and Sonic Irrigation Systems against Enterococcus faecalis in root canals – An in vitro Study. Materials and Methods: The root canals of 104 extracted human single-rooted teeth were prepared, and E. faecalis was incubated in the root canals for 1 week. The teeth were randomly divided into four experimental groups and one control group (n = 20): No treatment was done, sodium hypochloride (NaOCl) group (n = 20): Canals irrigated with5 ml of 2.5% NaOCl for 60 s, NaOCl and Endoactivator group (n = 20): Canals irrigated with 5 ml of 2.5% NaOCl for 60 s followed by activation of NaOCl with Endoactivator for 30 s, NaOCl and 910 nm DL group (n = 20): (1 W 5 times for 5 s) canals irrigation with5 ml of 2.5% NaOCl for 60 s followed by Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) with 910 nm DL, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)/Indocyanine green (ICG)/DL group (n = 20): DL modified PDT with 5 min of irrigation with 5 mL AgNPs (100 ppm)/ICG/910 nm DL (200 mW, 30 s). A reduction in colony count was assessed by counting colony-forming units by Digital Colony Counter. Results: Significant reductions were noted in E. faecalis colony counts in all groups (P < 0.05). The greatest reduction in colony count (99.93%) was noted in the NaOCl and DL group followed by NaOCl and Endoactivator group; however, the differences in this respect between the AN/ICG/DL group and NaOCl group were not significant (P > 0.05). Conclusions: NaOCl and 910 nm DL were more successful in reducing the number of E. faecalis colony counts followed by NaOCl and Endoactivator group but it can also be concluded that PDT with ICG, an 910 nm DL, and AgNPs has the potential to be used as an adjunct for disinfection of the root canal system.
{"title":"Antimicrobial efficacy of photosensitized nanoparticles, diode laser, conventional, and sonic irrigation systems against enterococcus faecalis in root canals – An in vitro study","authors":"Ananya Sharma, R. Kochhar, M. Kumari","doi":"10.4103/endo.endo_38_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/endo.endo_38_21","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This study aims to evaluate and compare the antimicrobial effect of Photosensitized Nanoparticles, Diode Laser (DL), and Conventional and Sonic Irrigation Systems against Enterococcus faecalis in root canals – An in vitro Study. Materials and Methods: The root canals of 104 extracted human single-rooted teeth were prepared, and E. faecalis was incubated in the root canals for 1 week. The teeth were randomly divided into four experimental groups and one control group (n = 20): No treatment was done, sodium hypochloride (NaOCl) group (n = 20): Canals irrigated with5 ml of 2.5% NaOCl for 60 s, NaOCl and Endoactivator group (n = 20): Canals irrigated with 5 ml of 2.5% NaOCl for 60 s followed by activation of NaOCl with Endoactivator for 30 s, NaOCl and 910 nm DL group (n = 20): (1 W 5 times for 5 s) canals irrigation with5 ml of 2.5% NaOCl for 60 s followed by Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) with 910 nm DL, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)/Indocyanine green (ICG)/DL group (n = 20): DL modified PDT with 5 min of irrigation with 5 mL AgNPs (100 ppm)/ICG/910 nm DL (200 mW, 30 s). A reduction in colony count was assessed by counting colony-forming units by Digital Colony Counter. Results: Significant reductions were noted in E. faecalis colony counts in all groups (P < 0.05). The greatest reduction in colony count (99.93%) was noted in the NaOCl and DL group followed by NaOCl and Endoactivator group; however, the differences in this respect between the AN/ICG/DL group and NaOCl group were not significant (P > 0.05). Conclusions: NaOCl and 910 nm DL were more successful in reducing the number of E. faecalis colony counts followed by NaOCl and Endoactivator group but it can also be concluded that PDT with ICG, an 910 nm DL, and AgNPs has the potential to be used as an adjunct for disinfection of the root canal system.","PeriodicalId":11607,"journal":{"name":"Endodontology","volume":"34 1","pages":"108 - 114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45869923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.4103/endo.endo_142_22
J. Gutmann, Vivian Manjarrés, Catalina De La Espriella
The techniques for root canal obturation have undergone several changes in the last 10 years. While warm vertical compaction had been the major method of filling the canal, which included the use of core carriers made of structurally stable gutta-percha, recent developments in the manufacturing of precision-tapered, gutta-percha cones and the use of bioceramic root canal sealers have become the clinician's choice in the past few years. The impact of these revolutionary changes is explored with open ended questions and challenges for the reader.
{"title":"Revisiting the future of root canal obturation","authors":"J. Gutmann, Vivian Manjarrés, Catalina De La Espriella","doi":"10.4103/endo.endo_142_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/endo.endo_142_22","url":null,"abstract":"The techniques for root canal obturation have undergone several changes in the last 10 years. While warm vertical compaction had been the major method of filling the canal, which included the use of core carriers made of structurally stable gutta-percha, recent developments in the manufacturing of precision-tapered, gutta-percha cones and the use of bioceramic root canal sealers have become the clinician's choice in the past few years. The impact of these revolutionary changes is explored with open ended questions and challenges for the reader.","PeriodicalId":11607,"journal":{"name":"Endodontology","volume":"34 1","pages":"73 - 75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42415682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Abraham, Arundeep Singh, A. Kurian, Alpa Gupta, Kritika Aneja, Simar Sethi
Aim: The role of various host response mediators in pulpitis has been extensively documented as these components may operate as biomarkers that reflect the condition of pulp tissues. The expression of these biomarkers is further affected in the presence of different systemic diseases. This review aims to assess if a correlation exists in the expression of cytokines and endodontic infection in patients having various systemic diseases undergoing nonsurgical endodontic therapy. Materials and Methods: The review includes a complete manual search as well as electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCOhost. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist was used to frame the review process. The critical appraisal checklist for quasi experimental studies developed by Joanna Briggs Institute was used to examine the risk of bias. For prospective clinical studies, eight criteria were used to assess the risk of bias. The studies included were clinical trials that estimated mRNA expression of cytokines from periapical interstitial fluid before and following disinfection of the root canals in patients suffering from various systemic diseases. Results: This review included a total of four papers from the initial 122 publications. When compared to normal controls, endodontic infection was associated with altered expression of these cytokines in patients presenting various systemic diseases. Conclusions: This information can subsequently be utilized to correctly distinguish between diseased and healthy pulp tissues. The interaction of cytokines in systemic diseases and their possible use in endodontics as a more precise and biologically based diagnostic tool can be planned.
{"title":"Correlation of endodontic infection and cytokine expression in patients with systemic diseases: A systematic review of clinical studies","authors":"D. Abraham, Arundeep Singh, A. Kurian, Alpa Gupta, Kritika Aneja, Simar Sethi","doi":"10.4103/endo.endo_13_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/endo.endo_13_22","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The role of various host response mediators in pulpitis has been extensively documented as these components may operate as biomarkers that reflect the condition of pulp tissues. The expression of these biomarkers is further affected in the presence of different systemic diseases. This review aims to assess if a correlation exists in the expression of cytokines and endodontic infection in patients having various systemic diseases undergoing nonsurgical endodontic therapy. Materials and Methods: The review includes a complete manual search as well as electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCOhost. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist was used to frame the review process. The critical appraisal checklist for quasi experimental studies developed by Joanna Briggs Institute was used to examine the risk of bias. For prospective clinical studies, eight criteria were used to assess the risk of bias. The studies included were clinical trials that estimated mRNA expression of cytokines from periapical interstitial fluid before and following disinfection of the root canals in patients suffering from various systemic diseases. Results: This review included a total of four papers from the initial 122 publications. When compared to normal controls, endodontic infection was associated with altered expression of these cytokines in patients presenting various systemic diseases. Conclusions: This information can subsequently be utilized to correctly distinguish between diseased and healthy pulp tissues. The interaction of cytokines in systemic diseases and their possible use in endodontics as a more precise and biologically based diagnostic tool can be planned.","PeriodicalId":11607,"journal":{"name":"Endodontology","volume":"34 1","pages":"143 - 150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48756445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim: This study intended to compare the effectiveness of manual files H-files and ProTaper universal retreatment (PTUR), R-Endo retreatment, and gutta-percha removal (GPR) Mani retreatment rotary files for removing root canal filling material. Materials and Methods: Eighty mandibular premolars with single canal were selected. The canals were enlarged with ProTaper rotary files up to F2 and obturated using the lateral condensation technique. Then, the samples were randomly divided into four groups and retreated using hand files and rotary retreatment files. The area of remaining root canal filling material was evaluated by splitting the tooth using a stereomicroscope with ×10 and auto computer-aided design software and the percentage of remaining filling material on canal walls was calculated with equation: area % of remaining filling material = area of remaining material ×100/area of canal. One-way ANOVA was carried out to compare the groups and post hoc Tukey's test for pairwise association with each of four groups. Results: Group A (H-files) showed 61.87% of remaining filling material, Group B (PTUR) showed 24.94%, Group C (R-Endo) showed 37.12%, and Group D (GPR Mani) showed 45.95% of remaining root canal filling material. Conclusions: All the groups showed residual root canal filling material. Least was seen in group retreated using PTUR files and maximum was seen in group retreated with H-files.
{"title":"Comparative evaluation of effectiveness of manual and various rotary retreatment techniques for removal of root canal filling material: An in-vitro study","authors":"A. Jagtap, G. Aher, M. Gulve, Swapnil Kolhe","doi":"10.4103/endo.endo_78_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/endo.endo_78_22","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This study intended to compare the effectiveness of manual files H-files and ProTaper universal retreatment (PTUR), R-Endo retreatment, and gutta-percha removal (GPR) Mani retreatment rotary files for removing root canal filling material. Materials and Methods: Eighty mandibular premolars with single canal were selected. The canals were enlarged with ProTaper rotary files up to F2 and obturated using the lateral condensation technique. Then, the samples were randomly divided into four groups and retreated using hand files and rotary retreatment files. The area of remaining root canal filling material was evaluated by splitting the tooth using a stereomicroscope with ×10 and auto computer-aided design software and the percentage of remaining filling material on canal walls was calculated with equation: area % of remaining filling material = area of remaining material ×100/area of canal. One-way ANOVA was carried out to compare the groups and post hoc Tukey's test for pairwise association with each of four groups. Results: Group A (H-files) showed 61.87% of remaining filling material, Group B (PTUR) showed 24.94%, Group C (R-Endo) showed 37.12%, and Group D (GPR Mani) showed 45.95% of remaining root canal filling material. Conclusions: All the groups showed residual root canal filling material. Least was seen in group retreated using PTUR files and maximum was seen in group retreated with H-files.","PeriodicalId":11607,"journal":{"name":"Endodontology","volume":"34 1","pages":"184 - 188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47038415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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