Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.2138/gselements.20.3.157
Paul A. Mueller, Carol D. Frost
{"title":"Archean Cratons: Terms, Concepts, and Analytical Approaches","authors":"Paul A. Mueller, Carol D. Frost","doi":"10.2138/gselements.20.3.157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2138/gselements.20.3.157","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p/>","PeriodicalId":11643,"journal":{"name":"Elements","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141281641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.2138/gselements.20.2.135
{"title":"Sociedad Española de Mineralogía","authors":"","doi":"10.2138/gselements.20.2.135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2138/gselements.20.2.135","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11643,"journal":{"name":"Elements","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140762859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.2138/gselements.20.2.83
Atsushi Okamoto, T. Nagaya, Shunsuke Endo, Tomoyuki Mizukami
Mantle wedge domains beneath the forearc Moho are unique regions of Earth’s interior where mantle encounters subducting oceanic plates. Crystal-plastic deformation and fluid-induced reactions in the supra-subduction mantle control global material circulation, arc volcanism, and seismicity within subduction zones. The Sanbagawa metamorphic belt contains numerous ultramafic blocks in its higher-grade zones, some of which likely originated as lower crustal arc cumulates that were subsequently incorporated into the mantle wedge and transported to the slab–mantle interface by mantle flow. Properties of these ultramafic rocks provide a valuable opportunity to understand the dynamic processes of the mantle wedge up to 80 km depth, including mantle flow, hydration/dehydration, and fluid–rock interactions near the slab–mantle interface of a warm subduction zone.
{"title":"Ultramafic Rocks from the Sanbagawa Belt: Records of Mantle Wedge Processes","authors":"Atsushi Okamoto, T. Nagaya, Shunsuke Endo, Tomoyuki Mizukami","doi":"10.2138/gselements.20.2.83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2138/gselements.20.2.83","url":null,"abstract":"Mantle wedge domains beneath the forearc Moho are unique regions of Earth’s interior where mantle encounters subducting oceanic plates. Crystal-plastic deformation and fluid-induced reactions in the supra-subduction mantle control global material circulation, arc volcanism, and seismicity within subduction zones. The Sanbagawa metamorphic belt contains numerous ultramafic blocks in its higher-grade zones, some of which likely originated as lower crustal arc cumulates that were subsequently incorporated into the mantle wedge and transported to the slab–mantle interface by mantle flow. Properties of these ultramafic rocks provide a valuable opportunity to understand the dynamic processes of the mantle wedge up to 80 km depth, including mantle flow, hydration/dehydration, and fluid–rock interactions near the slab–mantle interface of a warm subduction zone.","PeriodicalId":11643,"journal":{"name":"Elements","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140778261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.2138/gselements.20.2.67
Becky Lange
{"title":"Celebrating the Creative Contributions of Japanese Earth Scientists & Engineers","authors":"Becky Lange","doi":"10.2138/gselements.20.2.67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2138/gselements.20.2.67","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p />","PeriodicalId":11643,"journal":{"name":"Elements","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140792454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.2138/gselements.20.2.103
Jonny Wu, Tsung-Jui Wu, Ken Yamaoka
Plate reconstructions of oceanic domains are generally based on paleo-magnetic and seafloor spreading records. However, uncertainties associated with such reconstructions grow rapidly with increasing geological age because the original oceanic plates have been subducted. Here we synthesize advances in seismic tomographic mapping of subducted plates now lying within the mantle that assist plate reconstructions. Our proposed Japan–NW Pacific subduction histories incorporate tomography results and show three distinct stages comparable to those revealed by geochronology, petrology, and geochemistry. We propose major revisions to previously accepted ideas about the age, kinematics, and identity of the plates outboard of Japan during the Cretaceous–Paleogene Sanbagawa-Ryoke paired metamorphism. These revisions require updates to relevant plate convergence boundary conditions and thermo-dynamic models.
{"title":"Linking Pacific Plate Motions to Metamorphism and Magmatism in Japan During Cretaceous to Paleogene Times","authors":"Jonny Wu, Tsung-Jui Wu, Ken Yamaoka","doi":"10.2138/gselements.20.2.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2138/gselements.20.2.103","url":null,"abstract":"Plate reconstructions of oceanic domains are generally based on paleo-magnetic and seafloor spreading records. However, uncertainties associated with such reconstructions grow rapidly with increasing geological age because the original oceanic plates have been subducted. Here we synthesize advances in seismic tomographic mapping of subducted plates now lying within the mantle that assist plate reconstructions. Our proposed Japan–NW Pacific subduction histories incorporate tomography results and show three distinct stages comparable to those revealed by geochronology, petrology, and geochemistry. We propose major revisions to previously accepted ideas about the age, kinematics, and identity of the plates outboard of Japan during the Cretaceous–Paleogene Sanbagawa-Ryoke paired metamorphism. These revisions require updates to relevant plate convergence boundary conditions and thermo-dynamic models.","PeriodicalId":11643,"journal":{"name":"Elements","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140778366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.2138/gselements.20.2.140
At the time of writing, the latest edition of AAG’s journal, Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis (GEEA, February 2011, vol. 11, no. 1), has just reached the Association’s members. Typical of this journal’s content, it contains papers that canvass many areas of geochemistry. This issue features papers on alteration zones related to mineral exploration, regional geochemistry, environmental assessment, and mineral chemistry. The diversity of topics covered by GEEA refl ects the interests and professional affi liations of the AAG membership and is an outcome of a debate about eight years ago within the Association about who uses applied geochemistry. At that time members of the Association of Exploration Geochemists, as it was then known, discussed a name change to better refl ect those who were routinely using geochemistry as a tool in their profession.
{"title":"Association of Applied Geochemists","authors":"","doi":"10.2138/gselements.20.2.140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2138/gselements.20.2.140","url":null,"abstract":"At the time of writing, the latest edition of AAG’s journal, Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis (GEEA, February 2011, vol. 11, no. 1), has just reached the Association’s members. Typical of this journal’s content, it contains papers that canvass many areas of geochemistry. This issue features papers on alteration zones related to mineral exploration, regional geochemistry, environmental assessment, and mineral chemistry. The diversity of topics covered by GEEA refl ects the interests and professional affi liations of the AAG membership and is an outcome of a debate about eight years ago within the Association about who uses applied geochemistry. At that time members of the Association of Exploration Geochemists, as it was then known, discussed a name change to better refl ect those who were routinely using geochemistry as a tool in their profession.","PeriodicalId":11643,"journal":{"name":"Elements","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140773598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.2138/gselements.20.2.96
T. Okudaira, Tetsuo Kawakami, Takeshi Ikeda, Etienne Skrzypek
The Ryoke belt represents the root of a volcanic arc exposed across SW Japan. It records successive deformation phases, high-temperature metamorphism, and several magmatic pulses that occurred during the Late Cretaceous. Successive magma intrusions at different crustal levels raised the overall geothermal gradient of the arc crust, and their thermal influence was contrastingly recorded in metamorphic zircon and monazite. Despite a broadly similar duration of magmatic activity (20–30 My) along the belt, the timing and periodicity of magma pulses varied. An along-arc variation in lower crustal magma generation together with a fluctuating crustal stress regime likely controlled the formation and evolution of this magmatic arc section.
{"title":"Inside the Ryoke Magmatic Arc: Crustal Deformation, High-T Metamorphism, and Magmatic Pulses","authors":"T. Okudaira, Tetsuo Kawakami, Takeshi Ikeda, Etienne Skrzypek","doi":"10.2138/gselements.20.2.96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2138/gselements.20.2.96","url":null,"abstract":"The Ryoke belt represents the root of a volcanic arc exposed across SW Japan. It records successive deformation phases, high-temperature metamorphism, and several magmatic pulses that occurred during the Late Cretaceous. Successive magma intrusions at different crustal levels raised the overall geothermal gradient of the arc crust, and their thermal influence was contrastingly recorded in metamorphic zircon and monazite. Despite a broadly similar duration of magmatic activity (20–30 My) along the belt, the timing and periodicity of magma pulses varied. An along-arc variation in lower crustal magma generation together with a fluctuating crustal stress regime likely controlled the formation and evolution of this magmatic arc section.","PeriodicalId":11643,"journal":{"name":"Elements","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140774513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.2138/gselements.20.2.117
{"title":"Radiocarbon and Lead for the Petroleum Industry","authors":"","doi":"10.2138/gselements.20.2.117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2138/gselements.20.2.117","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11643,"journal":{"name":"Elements","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140781727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.2138/gselements.20.2.77
Shunsuke Endo, Y. Kouketsu, M. Aoya
The Sanbagawa belt is a “coherent” oceanic subduction-type metamorphic region representing a rock package predominantly derived from oceanic crust and accreted at depths of 20–80 km (300–700 °C). The thermal structure and lithological layers are complexly deformed but semi-continuous, in contrast to more commonly reported subduction-related domains dominated by mélange. The coeval Shimanto accretionary complex records accretion at depths <15 km and the rocks are primarily terrigenous sediments. The Sanbagawa belt has a greater proportion of mafic rocks than the Shimanto complex, implying progressive peeling-off of oceanic plate stratigraphy with more basaltic oceanic crust slices accreted at deeper levels. Tectonic exhumation can be explained by three separate phases dominated by buoyancy-driven upflow, ductile thinning, and normal faulting.
{"title":"Sanbagawa Subduction: What Went in, How Deep, and How Hot did it Get?","authors":"Shunsuke Endo, Y. Kouketsu, M. Aoya","doi":"10.2138/gselements.20.2.77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2138/gselements.20.2.77","url":null,"abstract":"The Sanbagawa belt is a “coherent” oceanic subduction-type metamorphic region representing a rock package predominantly derived from oceanic crust and accreted at depths of 20–80 km (300–700 °C). The thermal structure and lithological layers are complexly deformed but semi-continuous, in contrast to more commonly reported subduction-related domains dominated by mélange. The coeval Shimanto accretionary complex records accretion at depths <15 km and the rocks are primarily terrigenous sediments. The Sanbagawa belt has a greater proportion of mafic rocks than the Shimanto complex, implying progressive peeling-off of oceanic plate stratigraphy with more basaltic oceanic crust slices accreted at deeper levels. Tectonic exhumation can be explained by three separate phases dominated by buoyancy-driven upflow, ductile thinning, and normal faulting.","PeriodicalId":11643,"journal":{"name":"Elements","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140780018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.2138/gselements.20.2.89
Ulrich Knittel, Tetsuya Tokiwa, Yukiyasu Tsutsumi, Shunsuke Endo, Simon R. Wallis
Recent advances in geochronological studies have helped establish the Sanbagawa belt as an important site for studying metamorphism related to subduction. Application of several dating methods yield the following important results. 1) Metamorphism and deformation related to subduction started ~120 Ma and were complete by ~50 Ma. 2) Subduction to eclogite facies, followed by return to the surface, was rapid and occurred within a few million years or less (at ~89 Ma), indicating exhumation rates of at least 1–2 cm·y−1. 3) The age of the slab during the peak eclogite facies metamorphism was ~60 My. These results help redefine the geological history of SW Japan and provide important constraints for mechanical and thermal models of subduction zones in general.
{"title":"Geochronology of the Sanbagawa Belt: Younger and Faster than Before","authors":"Ulrich Knittel, Tetsuya Tokiwa, Yukiyasu Tsutsumi, Shunsuke Endo, Simon R. Wallis","doi":"10.2138/gselements.20.2.89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2138/gselements.20.2.89","url":null,"abstract":"Recent advances in geochronological studies have helped establish the Sanbagawa belt as an important site for studying metamorphism related to subduction. Application of several dating methods yield the following important results. 1) Metamorphism and deformation related to subduction started ~120 Ma and were complete by ~50 Ma. 2) Subduction to eclogite facies, followed by return to the surface, was rapid and occurred within a few million years or less (at ~89 Ma), indicating exhumation rates of at least 1–2 cm·y−1. 3) The age of the slab during the peak eclogite facies metamorphism was ~60 My. These results help redefine the geological history of SW Japan and provide important constraints for mechanical and thermal models of subduction zones in general.","PeriodicalId":11643,"journal":{"name":"Elements","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140771698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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