Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) leaves are used as food supplement and also in traditional medicine. The objective of this research was to determine the protective ability of chicory leaves extract against the toxicity induced by potassium dichromate in rats. Twenty four male rats were used in the present study and classified randomly into four groups (6 rats per group). The first group was served as a control and was given orally 1 ml of distilled water daily for four weeks, then injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 1 ml of saline solution 24 hours prior to decapitation. Group 2 was the K2Cr2O7−treated group; it received orally 1 ml of distilled water daily for four weeks, then i.p. injected with a single dose of K2Cr2O7 (30 mg/kg body weight, i.p.) 24 hours prior to decapitation. Group 3 was chicory treated group and was given orally chicory extract (250 mg/kg body weight, daily for four weeks), then injected with 1 ml saline solution (i.p.) 24 hours prior to decapitation. Group 4 received orally chicory extract (250 mg/kg body weight, daily for four weeks) prior to i.p. injection with a single dose of K2Cr2O7 (30 mg/kg body weight 24 hours before decapitation). Potassium dichromate induced a significant elevation in the levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), glucose, total cholesterol (TC), low−density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL−C), total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TC/HDL−C) ratio, LDL−C/HDL−C ratio and trigylcerides (TG), as well as the activities of amylase and lipase enzymes in serum. Whereas, there is a significant decrease in free tri-iodothyronine (FT3), thyroxine (FT4), insulin and HDL−C levels in serum of K2Cr2O7−treatedrats. Treatment of rats with chicory extract alone decreased significantly the levels of serum FT4, TC, LDL−C, HDL−C, TC/HDL−C and LDL−C/HDL−C, while it increased significantly the amylase serum activity. The administration of chicory extract before the treatment with K2Cr2O7 could neutralize, to some extent, the harmful effects of K2Cr2O7 on the serum FT3, FT4, TSH, glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, LDL−C, HDL−C, TC/HDL−C, LDL−C/HDL−C and TG levels, as well as the activities of amylase and lipase enzymes. In conclusion, the results showed that the chicory extract may modulate changes in the biochemical parameters and thyroid hormones that were induced by K2Cr2O7 toxicity in rats.
{"title":"EFFECTS OF CICHORIUM INTYBUS L. EXTRACT ON SOME BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS AND THYROID HORMONES IN POTASSIUM DICHROMATE TREATED RATS","authors":"E. Abdel-Baky, K. Gomaa","doi":"10.12816/EJZ.2018.27178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12816/EJZ.2018.27178","url":null,"abstract":"Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) leaves are used as food supplement and also in traditional medicine. The objective of this research was to determine the protective ability of chicory leaves extract against the toxicity induced by potassium dichromate in rats. Twenty four male rats were used in the present study and classified randomly into four groups (6 rats per group). The first group was served as a control and was given orally 1 ml of distilled water daily for four weeks, then injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 1 ml of saline solution 24 hours prior to decapitation. Group 2 was the K2Cr2O7−treated group; it received orally 1 ml of distilled water daily for four weeks, then i.p. injected with a single dose of K2Cr2O7 (30 mg/kg body weight, i.p.) 24 hours prior to decapitation. Group 3 was chicory treated group and was given orally chicory extract (250 mg/kg body weight, daily for four weeks), then injected with 1 ml saline solution (i.p.) 24 hours prior to decapitation. Group 4 received orally chicory extract (250 mg/kg body weight, daily for four weeks) prior to i.p. injection with a single dose of K2Cr2O7 (30 mg/kg body weight 24 hours before decapitation). Potassium dichromate induced a significant elevation in the levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), glucose, total cholesterol (TC), low−density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL−C), total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TC/HDL−C) ratio, LDL−C/HDL−C ratio and trigylcerides (TG), as well as the activities of amylase and lipase enzymes in serum. Whereas, there is a significant decrease in free tri-iodothyronine (FT3), thyroxine (FT4), insulin and HDL−C levels in serum of K2Cr2O7−treatedrats. Treatment of rats with chicory extract alone decreased significantly the levels of serum FT4, TC, LDL−C, HDL−C, TC/HDL−C and LDL−C/HDL−C, while it increased significantly the amylase serum activity. The administration of chicory extract before the treatment with K2Cr2O7 could neutralize, to some extent, the harmful effects of K2Cr2O7 on the serum FT3, FT4, TSH, glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, LDL−C, HDL−C, TC/HDL−C, LDL−C/HDL−C and TG levels, as well as the activities of amylase and lipase enzymes. In conclusion, the results showed that the chicory extract may modulate changes in the biochemical parameters and thyroid hormones that were induced by K2Cr2O7 toxicity in rats.","PeriodicalId":11659,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Zoology","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87000146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Ageba, E. El-Gayar, Lamiaa A. Sharra, Ahmed A. Al-Shenawi
The effect of genetically modified (GM) crops on soil variables and soil oribatid mite communities was assessed compared with those with non-genetically modified (NGM) crops. The study was carried out in 5 greenhouses situated in 3 locations in Al Mahala Al Kubra conducted City (Gharbia Governorate, Egypt). All locations were cultivated with GM and NGM sweet pepper Capsicum annuum. The impact assessment was investigated, taking into account, environmental variables. These variables were: temperature, soil moisture, acidity, electric conductivity, C/N nutrient concentrations (K, Ca, Mg, and P) and soil dehydrogenase enzymes activity (DHA). Soil with GM crops showed a significant increase in the organic matter content, C% and N% and DHA level compared with NGM one. On the other hand, K, Ca, Mg and P concentrations showed no significant change among studied sites. Totally, 25 oribatid mite species were identified, with 5432 individuals in soil cultivated with GM and 2526 in soil with NGM crops. In spite of the significant increase of oribatid mite abundances in soil with GM crops, species diversity and evenness of oribatid mites in soil cultivated with GM plants were lower than in soil cultivated with NGM plants. Canonical correspondence analysis CCA indicated that environmental variables have high relation with sites cultivated with GM crops rather than sites cultivated with NGM crops.
比较了转基因作物与非转基因作物对土壤变量和土壤甲螨群落的影响。该研究在位于Al Mahala Al Kubra市(埃及Gharbia省)3个地点的5个温室中进行。所有地点均种植转基因和非转基因甜椒。考虑到环境变量，对影响评估进行了调查。这些变量包括:温度、土壤湿度、酸度、电导率、C/N养分浓度(K、Ca、Mg和P)和土壤脱氢酶活性(DHA)。种植转基因作物的土壤有机质含量、C%、N%和DHA含量均显著高于未种植转基因作物的土壤。另一方面，K、Ca、Mg和P的浓度在研究地点之间没有显著变化。共鉴定出甲螨25种，其中转基因作物栽培土壤鉴定出5432只，非转基因作物栽培土壤鉴定出2526只。尽管种植了转基因作物的土壤中甲螨的丰度显著增加，但种植了转基因作物的土壤中甲螨的物种多样性和均匀性低于种植了非转基因作物的土壤。典型对应分析表明，环境变量与转基因作物种植地的关系比与非转基因作物种植地的关系更密切。
{"title":"EFFECTS OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED CROPS (GMCS): SWEET PEPPER, CAPSICUM ANNUUM, ON ABUNDANCE AND COMMUNITY STRUCTURE OF SOIL ORIBATID MITES (ACARI, ORIBATIDA)","authors":"M. Ageba, E. El-Gayar, Lamiaa A. Sharra, Ahmed A. Al-Shenawi","doi":"10.12816/EJZ.2018.26960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12816/EJZ.2018.26960","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of genetically modified (GM) crops on soil variables and soil oribatid mite communities was assessed compared with those with non-genetically modified (NGM) crops. The study was carried out in 5 greenhouses situated in 3 locations in Al Mahala Al Kubra conducted City (Gharbia Governorate, Egypt). All locations were cultivated with GM and NGM sweet pepper Capsicum annuum. The impact assessment was investigated, taking into account, environmental variables. These variables were: temperature, soil moisture, acidity, electric conductivity, C/N nutrient concentrations (K, Ca, Mg, and P) and soil dehydrogenase enzymes activity (DHA). Soil with GM crops showed a significant increase in the organic matter content, C% and N% and DHA level compared with NGM one. On the other hand, K, Ca, Mg and P concentrations showed no significant change among studied sites. Totally, 25 oribatid mite species were identified, with 5432 individuals in soil cultivated with GM and 2526 in soil with NGM crops. In spite of the significant increase of oribatid mite abundances in soil with GM crops, species diversity and evenness of oribatid mites in soil cultivated with GM plants were lower than in soil cultivated with NGM plants. Canonical correspondence analysis CCA indicated that environmental variables have high relation with sites cultivated with GM crops rather than sites cultivated with NGM crops.","PeriodicalId":11659,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Zoology","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81382191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nickel oxide (NiO) and cobalt (II, III) oxide (Co3O4) nanoparticles (NPs) are widely used together in alloys and as catalyzers. Yet, no information is available about the effect of their combination on mammals. The present work investigated the accumulation and the toxicokinetics of Ni and Co in the brain, liver, kidney and intestine of male albino rats during two weeks after an oral administration of 0.5 and 1.0 g per kg body weight of NiO-NPs and/or Co3O4-NPs. Characterization of the NPs via transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) was performed. The average particle diameter, hydrodynamic size, polydispersion index and zeta potential were 16.90 nm, 91.54 nm, 0.394 and + 42.1 mV for the NiO-NPs and 20.68 nm, 92.03 nm, 0.235 and +41.5 mV for the Co3O4-NPs, respectively. In all tissues, Ni levels were markedly increased with increasing the administered doses of NiO-NPs. On the contrary, Co levels were remarkably reduced by elevating the doses of Co3O4-NPs. The highest levels of Ni and Co were reported in the intestine. The toxicokinetic parameters including the area under concentration curve (AUC), maximum concentration (Cmax), elimination rate constant (Lz), elimination half life time (t1/2), mean retention time (MRT) and last recorded concentrations (Clast) of Ni and Co were computed in all the studied organs. The rats administered with NiO-NPs and Co3O4-NPs together showed remarkable reductions in the AUC and Cmax of Ni and Co, as compared to those treated with either NiO-NPs or Co3O4-NPs separately. A marked increase in the Lz accompanied by remarkable reductions in the t1/2 and MRT of Ni in the kidney of rats administered with NiO-NPs and Co3O4-NPs together, as compared to those treated with NiO-NPs alone. Accordingly, the co-administration of NiO-NPs and Co3O4-NPs markedly reduced the absorption of the Ni and Co, whereas it increased their elimination rates. In conclusion, under the current experimental conditions, the NiO-NPs and Co3O4-NPs antagonized each other inside the body.
{"title":"BIOACCUMULATION AND TOXICOKINETICS OF THE ORALLY ADMINISTERED NANOSIZED NICKEL AND COBALT (II, III) OXIDES IN MALE ALBINO RATS","authors":"A. Ali","doi":"10.12816/EJZ.2018.26962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12816/EJZ.2018.26962","url":null,"abstract":"Nickel oxide (NiO) and cobalt (II, III) oxide (Co3O4) nanoparticles (NPs) are widely used together in alloys and as catalyzers. Yet, no information is available about the effect of their combination on mammals. The present work investigated the accumulation and the toxicokinetics of Ni and Co in the brain, liver, kidney and intestine of male albino rats during two weeks after an oral administration of 0.5 and 1.0 g per kg body weight of NiO-NPs and/or Co3O4-NPs. Characterization of the NPs via transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) was performed. The average particle diameter, hydrodynamic size, polydispersion index and zeta potential were 16.90 nm, 91.54 nm, 0.394 and + 42.1 mV for the NiO-NPs and 20.68 nm, 92.03 nm, 0.235 and +41.5 mV for the Co3O4-NPs, respectively. In all tissues, Ni levels were markedly increased with increasing the administered doses of NiO-NPs. On the contrary, Co levels were remarkably reduced by elevating the doses of Co3O4-NPs. The highest levels of Ni and Co were reported in the intestine. The toxicokinetic parameters including the area under concentration curve (AUC), maximum concentration (Cmax), elimination rate constant (Lz), elimination half life time (t1/2), mean retention time (MRT) and last recorded concentrations (Clast) of Ni and Co were computed in all the studied organs. The rats administered with NiO-NPs and Co3O4-NPs together showed remarkable reductions in the AUC and Cmax of Ni and Co, as compared to those treated with either NiO-NPs or Co3O4-NPs separately. A marked increase in the Lz accompanied by remarkable reductions in the t1/2 and MRT of Ni in the kidney of rats administered with NiO-NPs and Co3O4-NPs together, as compared to those treated with NiO-NPs alone. Accordingly, the co-administration of NiO-NPs and Co3O4-NPs markedly reduced the absorption of the Ni and Co, whereas it increased their elimination rates. In conclusion, under the current experimental conditions, the NiO-NPs and Co3O4-NPs antagonized each other inside the body.","PeriodicalId":11659,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Zoology","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89976201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sherin K. Sheir, G. Osman, A. Mohamad, Abd Elhafez
Freshwater zoobenthos (macro-invertebrates) are organisms that live on, in, or near the bottoms of the freshwater. Their presence, abundance and species diversity are affected by numerous factors. This study was designed to evaluate temporal and spatial changes of benthic invertebrates’ diversity in the light of ecological conditions at the selected sites. Three sites at Menoufia governorate were selected as follows: site one and two are located at Bahr Shebeen El-Koom, Milig and Tanta branches, respectively. However, site three is located at Gezay Village, Menouf. Monthly samples were collected during one year from March, 2017 till February, 2018. Ecological parameters such as temperature, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC)…etc., and heavy metals (Al, Ca, Cu, Fe and Pb) concentrations in sediment and tissues of the collected molluscs were measured. Environmental parameters showed variations in values from one season to another. The highest abundance of zoobenthos in all seasons was recorded at site three (42 %) followed by site one (32 %) and then site two (26 %). Three phyla were recorded during the present study; Annelida, Arthropoda and Mollusca. Diversity, variety and evenness indiceswere maximum at site three followed by site one then site two. Heavy metals concentrations in sediments and tissues of mlousca were maximum at site two followed by site one and finally site three. It is concluded that, the population density, species diversity and communities of freshwater benthic invertebrates were fluctuated in numbers and distribution mostly under the effect of the habitat they live in (spatially) than under the effect of season (temporally) in the present investigation.
{"title":"SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL EFFECTS ON FRESHWATER BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES DIVERSITY IN SOME LOCALITIES OF MENOUFIA GOVERNORATE, EGYPT","authors":"Sherin K. Sheir, G. Osman, A. Mohamad, Abd Elhafez","doi":"10.12816/EJZ.2018.27233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12816/EJZ.2018.27233","url":null,"abstract":"Freshwater zoobenthos (macro-invertebrates) are organisms that live on, in, or near the bottoms of the freshwater. Their presence, abundance and species diversity are affected by numerous factors. This study was designed to evaluate temporal and spatial changes of benthic invertebrates’ diversity in the light of ecological conditions at the selected sites. Three sites at Menoufia governorate were selected as follows: site one and two are located at Bahr Shebeen El-Koom, Milig and Tanta branches, respectively. However, site three is located at Gezay Village, Menouf. Monthly samples were collected during one year from March, 2017 till February, 2018. Ecological parameters such as temperature, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC)…etc., and heavy metals (Al, Ca, Cu, Fe and Pb) concentrations in sediment and tissues of the collected molluscs were measured. Environmental parameters showed variations in values from one season to another. The highest abundance of zoobenthos in all seasons was recorded at site three (42 %) followed by site one (32 %) and then site two (26 %). Three phyla were recorded during the present study; Annelida, Arthropoda and Mollusca. Diversity, variety and evenness indiceswere maximum at site three followed by site one then site two. Heavy metals concentrations in sediments and tissues of mlousca were maximum at site two followed by site one and finally site three. It is concluded that, the population density, species diversity and communities of freshwater benthic invertebrates were fluctuated in numbers and distribution mostly under the effect of the habitat they live in (spatially) than under the effect of season (temporally) in the present investigation.","PeriodicalId":11659,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Zoology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88257969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"LIGHT AND SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDIES OF THE DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES OF RHABDITIS SP. (NEMATODA: RHABDITIDAE) NATURALLY INFECTING THE EARTHWORM \"ALLOLOBOPHORA CALIGINOSA\" (ANNELIDA: CLITELLATA) IN EGYPT","authors":"Fatma El-Zahraa A. Abd El-Aziz","doi":"10.21608/ejz.2018.27221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejz.2018.27221","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11659,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Zoology","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78274636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effect of ammonium nitrate at tested concentrations 0.2, 0.8, 1.2 and 2% and the bioagent Bacillus subtilis bacteria at 0.6×104, 1.3×105, 2.6×105 and 5.2×105 spores/ml on the survival of Rattus norvegicus rats was examined. The physico-chemical parameters of water samples which exposed to the sublethal concentration of ammonium nitrate and B. subtilis and control were determined. Also, the ileum of treated rats were analyzed after a month of the experiment using the electron microscopic techniques. The outcomes demonstrated that ammonium nitrate killed 86.66% of rats at the highest concentration, 2% after 28 days of experiment. While, the lowest concentration 0.2% did not cause any mortality till the end of the experiment. B. subtilis recorded the highest pathogenic ability against rats at the concentration 5.2×105 spores/ml with mortality 60% after 28 days of the experiment. But, it did not cause any death of rats at the concentration 0.6×104 spores/ml during the experiment period. The exposed water to Bacillus subtilis and ammonium nitrate has been changed in physico-chemical parameters and caused ulcers and damage to the ileum of the exposed rats. So, ammonium nitrate and B. subtilis represent successful agents for control wild rats.
{"title":"ECOTOXICOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF AMMONIUM NITRATE AND BACILLUS SUBTILIS ON THE WILD RAT, RATTUS NORVEGICUS NORVEGICUS","authors":"Zeinab Z. K. Khater, H. Ghareeb","doi":"10.12816/0049667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12816/0049667","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of ammonium nitrate at tested concentrations 0.2, 0.8, 1.2 and 2% and the bioagent Bacillus subtilis bacteria at 0.6×104, 1.3×105, 2.6×105 and 5.2×105 spores/ml on the survival of Rattus norvegicus rats was examined. The physico-chemical parameters of water samples which exposed to the sublethal concentration of ammonium nitrate and B. subtilis and control were determined. Also, the ileum of treated rats were analyzed after a month of the experiment using the electron microscopic techniques. The outcomes demonstrated that ammonium nitrate killed 86.66% of rats at the highest concentration, 2% after 28 days of experiment. While, the lowest concentration 0.2% did not cause any mortality till the end of the experiment. B. subtilis recorded the highest pathogenic ability against rats at the concentration 5.2×105 spores/ml with mortality 60% after 28 days of the experiment. But, it did not cause any death of rats at the concentration 0.6×104 spores/ml during the experiment period. The exposed water to Bacillus subtilis and ammonium nitrate has been changed in physico-chemical parameters and caused ulcers and damage to the ileum of the exposed rats. So, ammonium nitrate and B. subtilis represent successful agents for control wild rats.","PeriodicalId":11659,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Zoology","volume":"1961 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91244137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the present study is to compare the gastroprotective potential of two medicinal plants, namely ginger and peppermint, versus the anti-ulcer drug (ranitidine), against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Thirty adult male rats were divided equally into five groups. Group I: (normal control) animals received distilled water. Group II animals received indomethacin to induce ulcer. Group III: animals were given ranitidine followed by indomethacin. Group IV: animals were given ginger juice followed by indomethacin. Group V: animals were also treated with peppermint juice prior to indomethacin. Animals of all groups received the treatments orally. Rats were sacrificed 7hr later, and their stomachs were isolated for macroscopical and microscopical examinations. The results revealed a significant (p < 0.01) reduction of the ulcerated surface in ranitidine, ginger and peppermint pretreated rats, when compared to the ulcer control group. Indomethacin-treated rats showed focal disruption of the gastric mucosa and the cells lining the damaged gastric glands appeared with deeply acidophilic cytoplasm and pyknotic nuclei. Submucosal oedema, inflammatory cell infiltration, and dilated congested blood vessels were also evident. In periodic acid Schiff’s (PAS) reaction, surface columnar epithelial (mucous) cells and mucous neck cells exhibited a weak PAS-positive reaction compared to normal control group. In immunohistochemical preparations, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression was reduced in the ulcerated areas by indomethacin. Alternatively, ginger or peppermint-pretreated animals, similar to the ranitidine-pretreated animals, showed less gastric damage compared to the ulcer control group. This study demonstrates that comparable to ranitidine, ginger and peppermint showed gastroprotective efficacy against indomethacin-induced peptic ulcer in rats.
{"title":"COMPARISON OF THE PROTECTIVE ROLE OF RANITIDINE AND TWO MEDICINAL PLANTS (GINGER AND PEPPERMINT) AGAINST INDOMETHACIN-INDUCED GASTRIC ULCER IN ALBINO RATS: A HISTOLOGICAL AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY","authors":"Hala F. Abd-Ellah","doi":"10.12816/0049660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12816/0049660","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present study is to compare the gastroprotective potential of two medicinal plants, namely ginger and peppermint, versus the anti-ulcer drug (ranitidine), against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Thirty adult male rats were divided equally into five groups. Group I: (normal control) animals received distilled water. Group II animals received indomethacin to induce ulcer. Group III: animals were given ranitidine followed by indomethacin. Group IV: animals were given ginger juice followed by indomethacin. Group V: animals were also treated with peppermint juice prior to indomethacin. Animals of all groups received the treatments orally. Rats were sacrificed 7hr later, and their stomachs were isolated for macroscopical and microscopical examinations. The results revealed a significant (p < 0.01) reduction of the ulcerated surface in ranitidine, ginger and peppermint pretreated rats, when compared to the ulcer control group. Indomethacin-treated rats showed focal disruption of the gastric mucosa and the cells lining the damaged gastric glands appeared with deeply acidophilic cytoplasm and pyknotic nuclei. Submucosal oedema, inflammatory cell infiltration, and dilated congested blood vessels were also evident. In periodic acid Schiff’s (PAS) reaction, surface columnar epithelial (mucous) cells and mucous neck cells exhibited a weak PAS-positive reaction compared to normal control group. In immunohistochemical preparations, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression was reduced in the ulcerated areas by indomethacin. Alternatively, ginger or peppermint-pretreated animals, similar to the ranitidine-pretreated animals, showed less gastric damage compared to the ulcer control group. This study demonstrates that comparable to ranitidine, ginger and peppermint showed gastroprotective efficacy against indomethacin-induced peptic ulcer in rats.","PeriodicalId":11659,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Zoology","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74036341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Mahana, Marwa Abou Eldahab, A. Aziz, Abdelrehman Attia, Reham S. Ramadan
This work was carried out to assess the immunomodulatory activity of Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) and Curcuma longa (C. longa) extracts in normal and cyclophosphamide (CP)-immunosuppressed rats. Different doses (200 and 400 mg/kg of body weight) of aqueous extracts of M. oleifera or C. longa were administered orally and daily to male albino rats for 15 days before intraperitoneally (i.p.) injection with saline or CP (30 mg/kg of body weight) for three consecutive days. Other rats received a mixture of aqueous extracts of M. oleifera (200 mg/kg of body weight) and C. longa (200 mg/kg of body weight) orally and daily for 15 days before i.p. injection with saline or CP for three consecutive days. Rats receiving distilled water orally and i.p. injected with saline were used as normal control animals. Rats receiving CP only were used as immunosuppressed control animals. Relative spleen weight, hematological parameters, serum concentrations of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) as well as spleen histopathological changes were determined on day 19. From the obtained results it could be concluded that the mixture of M. oleifera and C. longa restored the decrease in the relative spleen weight and modulated the hematological changes in immunosuppressed rats. Lowered levels of serum IFN-γ in CP-treated rats were found to be increased by administration of both extracts. At the same time the level of serum IL-10, which was elevated by CP, was reduced by administration of both extracts. The spleen histoarchitecture was severely damage by CP, while the aqueous extract-protected groups showed normal spleen architecture. The results indicate that extract of M. oleifera, C. longa and their mixture display considerable potential as an immunomodulator in CP-immunosuppressed male rats.
{"title":"IMMUNOMODULATORY ACTIVITY OF MORINGA OLEIFERA AND CURCUMA LONGA EXTRACTS IN CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE-IMMUNOSUPPRESSED MALE RATS","authors":"N. Mahana, Marwa Abou Eldahab, A. Aziz, Abdelrehman Attia, Reham S. Ramadan","doi":"10.12816/0049664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12816/0049664","url":null,"abstract":"This work was carried out to assess the immunomodulatory activity of Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) and Curcuma longa (C. longa) extracts in normal and cyclophosphamide (CP)-immunosuppressed rats. Different doses (200 and 400 mg/kg of body weight) of aqueous extracts of M. oleifera or C. longa were administered orally and daily to male albino rats for 15 days before intraperitoneally (i.p.) injection with saline or CP (30 mg/kg of body weight) for three consecutive days. Other rats received a mixture of aqueous extracts of M. oleifera (200 mg/kg of body weight) and C. longa (200 mg/kg of body weight) orally and daily for 15 days before i.p. injection with saline or CP for three consecutive days. Rats receiving distilled water orally and i.p. injected with saline were used as normal control animals. Rats receiving CP only were used as immunosuppressed control animals. Relative spleen weight, hematological parameters, serum concentrations of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) as well as spleen histopathological changes were determined on day 19. From the obtained results it could be concluded that the mixture of M. oleifera and C. longa restored the decrease in the relative spleen weight and modulated the hematological changes in immunosuppressed rats. Lowered levels of serum IFN-γ in CP-treated rats were found to be increased by administration of both extracts. At the same time the level of serum IL-10, which was elevated by CP, was reduced by administration of both extracts. The spleen histoarchitecture was severely damage by CP, while the aqueous extract-protected groups showed normal spleen architecture. The results indicate that extract of M. oleifera, C. longa and their mixture display considerable potential as an immunomodulator in CP-immunosuppressed male rats.","PeriodicalId":11659,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Zoology","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85559688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. S. A. Reheim, A. Abdel-Moneim, S. A. El-twab, M. Ashour, A. Yousef
Persistent hyperglycaemia increases the oxidative stress that may be responsible for the development of haematological complications in patients with diabetes. The present study was designed to assess the protective effects of gallic acid and p-coumaric acid against oxidative stress and haematological alterations in diabetic rats. Experimental type 2 diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of STZ (65 mg/kg b.wt.), after 15 min of i.p. injection of NA (120 mg/kg b.wt.). Rats were randomly allocated into four groups as follows: group I (served as control), group II (served as diabetic), group III (acted as diabetic rats administered gallic acid, 20 mg/kg body weight, daily for six weeks) and group IV (acted as diabetic rats administered p-coumaric acid, 40 mg/kg body weight, daily for six weeks). In diabetic rats, it was found that the levels of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide significantly increased, while the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase as well as reduced glutathione content were markedly reduced as compared to those of the control ones. Diabetic rats also showed alterations in the red blood cells count, and its related indices indicating anaemic condition and in the total and differential leukocyte count referring to leucocytosis. All these abnormalities were significantly alleviated following the administration of gallic acid and p-coumaric acid. In conclusion, treatment of diabetic rats with gallic acid and p-coumaric acid was markedly diminished the oxidative stress and alleviated the haematological abnormalities that may be attributed to their strong antioxidant activities. Therefore, both compounds can be use as powerful agents against the development of diabetic complications.
{"title":"AMELIORATIVE EFFECTS OF GALLIC ACID AND P-COUMARIC ACID ON OXIDATIVE STRESS AND HAEMATOLOGICAL ABNORMALITIES IN DIABETIC RATS","authors":"E. S. A. Reheim, A. Abdel-Moneim, S. A. El-twab, M. Ashour, A. Yousef","doi":"10.12816/0049662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12816/0049662","url":null,"abstract":"Persistent hyperglycaemia increases the oxidative stress that may be responsible for the development of haematological complications in patients with diabetes. The present study was designed to assess the protective effects of gallic acid and p-coumaric acid against oxidative stress and haematological alterations in diabetic rats. Experimental type 2 diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of STZ (65 mg/kg b.wt.), after 15 min of i.p. injection of NA (120 mg/kg b.wt.). Rats were randomly allocated into four groups as follows: group I (served as control), group II (served as diabetic), group III (acted as diabetic rats administered gallic acid, 20 mg/kg body weight, daily for six weeks) and group IV (acted as diabetic rats administered p-coumaric acid, 40 mg/kg body weight, daily for six weeks). In diabetic rats, it was found that the levels of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide significantly increased, while the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase as well as reduced glutathione content were markedly reduced as compared to those of the control ones. Diabetic rats also showed alterations in the red blood cells count, and its related indices indicating anaemic condition and in the total and differential leukocyte count referring to leucocytosis. All these abnormalities were significantly alleviated following the administration of gallic acid and p-coumaric acid. In conclusion, treatment of diabetic rats with gallic acid and p-coumaric acid was markedly diminished the oxidative stress and alleviated the haematological abnormalities that may be attributed to their strong antioxidant activities. Therefore, both compounds can be use as powerful agents against the development of diabetic complications.","PeriodicalId":11659,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Zoology","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85464602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"GRAVIOLA LEAVES EXTRACT AMELIORATING THE RENAL ALTERATIONS INDUCED BY FOOD ADDITIVE \"MONO-SODIUM GLUTAMATE\" IN MALE ALBINO RATS","authors":"E. Abd-Ella, Abd Elkarim Abd Ellatief, Ola Nabil","doi":"10.12816/0049671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12816/0049671","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11659,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Zoology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87735188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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