Energy Conversion and Management最新文献_第5页

Performance enhancement of PEM fuel cells using novel porous flow field designs 新型多孔流场设计提高PEM燃料电池性能

IF 10.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121201

Huseyin Sevinc, Hanbey Hazar

This study aims to enhance the performance and efficiency of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) by employing novel bipolar plate designs that integrate porous flow field structures. Five distinct models (P1–P5) featuring open-cell porous domains were developed and compared against a conventional triple-serpentine configuration using three-dimensional CFD simulations. The objective was to assess the effects of porous domain geometry on current density, pressure drop, reactant distribution, and net power output. The results revealed that all porous flow field models exhibited improved electrochemical behavior, especially in the ohmic and mass transport loss regions. Among them, the P1 model achieved the highest current density (1.45 A/cm²) and power density (0.58 W/cm²) at 0.4 V, outperforming the benchmark by 21.6% and 21.5%, respectively. Despite increased pressure drops due to internal flow resistance in porous domains, net power output improved across all models, with P1 providing a 17.6% increase compared to the serpentine design. Species distribution analysis showed more uniform hydrogen and oxygen transport in porous configurations, resulting in better mass utilization. Experimental validation confirmed strong agreement between simulation and test data for both the P1 and reference designs. The study concludes that properly configured porous flow fields can significantly enhance PEMFC performance by improving mass transfer, current generation, and thermal distribution. However, careful tuning of the porous region’s size, location, and number is essential to balance pressure losses and energy gains. These findings offer valuable insights for the next generation of high-performance and manufacturable PEMFC designs.

本研究旨在通过采用集成多孔流场结构的新型双极板设计来提高质子交换膜燃料电池（pemfc）的性能和效率。开发了五种不同的模型（P1-P5），并使用三维CFD模拟与传统的三蛇形结构进行了比较。目的是评估多孔区域几何形状对电流密度、压降、反应物分布和净功率输出的影响。结果表明，所有多孔流场模型均表现出较好的电化学行为，特别是在欧姆和质量输运损失区。其中，P1型号在0.4 V时电流密度最高（1.45 A/cm2），功率密度最高（0.58 W/cm2），分别比基准高21.6%和21.5%。尽管由于多孔区域的内部流动阻力增加了压降，但所有型号的净输出功率都有所提高，与蛇形设计相比，P1的净输出功率增加了17.6%。物种分布分析表明，在多孔结构中氢氧输运更均匀，质量利用率更高。实验验证证实了P1和参考设计的模拟和测试数据之间的强烈一致性。研究表明，合理配置多孔流场可以通过改善传质、电流产生和热分布来显著提高PEMFC的性能。然而，仔细调整多孔区域的大小、位置和数量对于平衡压力损失和能量增益至关重要。这些发现为下一代高性能和可制造的PEMFC设计提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

An energy efficient solar integrated vapor compression air conditioning system featuring an ejector subsystem driven by waste heat recovery 一种节能太阳能集成蒸汽压缩空调系统，采用废热回收驱动的弹射子系统

IF 10.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121083

Seyedeh Zeinab Sajjadi, Bijan Farhanieh, Hossein Afshin

Solar-assisted vapor compression cycles often suffer from high condenser thermal loads due to the solar superheating stage. To address this thermodynamic drawback, this study proposes a novel enhanced ejector-assisted refrigeration cycle that recovers high-temperature waste heat to drive an integrated ejector subsystem without auxiliary power. Using a validated steady-state thermodynamic simulation, comprehensive energy and exergy analyses are conducted to evaluate the proposed system against a baseline reference cycle (Brc). This configuration achieves a dual objective: (1) the ejector generates additional cooling capacity, and (2) the main refrigerant is pre-cooled before the condenser, significantly reducing the thermal load. Results indicate that the enhanced cycle achieves up to a 22.27 % improvement in Coefficient of Performance (COP) and a 10.56 % higher exergy efficiency compared to the Brc, at 1.75 kW solar thermal input. While the solar collector is the main source of exergy destruction, its heat recovery integration proves highly effective, as the ejector subsystem shoulders 16.8 % of the total cooling load. Furthermore, among the evaluated low-Global Warming Potential (GWP) refrigerants, R152a and R600a demonstrated the most favorable performance, positioning them as promising substitutes for R134a in these advanced solar cooling applications.

由于太阳能过热阶段，太阳能辅助蒸汽压缩循环经常受到高冷凝器热负荷的影响。为了解决这一热力学缺陷，本研究提出了一种新的增强型喷射器辅助制冷循环，该循环可以回收高温废热来驱动集成喷射器子系统，而无需辅助动力。使用经过验证的稳态热力学模拟，进行了全面的能量和火用分析，以根据基线参考循环（Brc）评估拟议的系统。这种配置达到了双重目的：(1)喷射器产生额外的冷却能力；(2)主制冷剂在冷凝器之前预冷，显著降低热负荷。结果表明，在1.75 kW的太阳能热输入下，与Brc相比，增强循环的性能系数（COP）提高了22.27%，火用效率提高了10.56%。虽然太阳能集热器是火用破坏的主要来源，但它的热回收集成被证明是非常有效的，因为弹射子系统承担了总冷负荷的16.8%。此外，在评估的低全球变暖潜能值（GWP）制冷剂中，R152a和R600a表现出最有利的性能，在这些先进的太阳能制冷应用中，它们被定位为R134a的有前途的替代品。

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引用次数: 0

Transient analysis of solar-driven hydrogen and sulfur production from acid gas with thermal energy storage 太阳能驱动酸气制氢和制硫的瞬态分析

IF 10.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121182

Sajjad Mousaei, Meghdad Saffaripour, Mehdi Ashjaee

Acid gas, a byproduct of natural gas sweetening, mainly contains toxic hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) and carbon dioxide (CO₂). Decomposing H₂S reduces harmful emissions while producing valuable hydrogen and sulfur. This study presents a transient techno-economic analysis of a solar-driven system for co-producing carbon-free hydrogen and sulfur via thermal H₂S decomposition. The primary novelty of this work lies in the development of a transient framework for solar-powered thermal decomposition of H₂S, incorporating thermal energy storage to enable continuous, year-round production of hydrogen and sulfur under realistic solar intermittency conditions. The system comprises a heliostat field, a solar tower, a molten-salt thermal energy storage, a palladium–silver membrane for hydrogen separation, and a purification and compression unit. The thermal energy storage, with hot and cold tanks, enables continuous year-round operation. Designed for Bushehr, near major gas refineries with high solar potential, the system decomposes acid gas in a shell-and-tube reactor heated by molten salt at up to 1280 °C. A plug flow reactor model with a four-step kinetic mechanism predicts 30% H₂S conversion, yielding hydrogen and sulfur production efficiencies of 23% and 10.94%, respectively. Average annual outputs are 39 kg/h of hydrogen and 0.389 kg/s of sulfur, with 2.2 kg/s of superheated steam recovered from waste heat. The overall energy and exergy efficiencies are 69.66% and 25.35%, respectively. The total investment is $19.45 million, with a hydrogen cost of $10.1/kg, a 6.34-year payback, and a 20-year net present value of $17.1 million, confirming the system’s technical and economic viability.

酸性气体是天然气脱硫的副产物，主要含有有毒的硫化氢（H2S）和二氧化碳（CO2）。分解H2S可以减少有害排放物，同时产生有价值的氢和硫。本研究介绍了一种太阳能驱动系统的瞬态技术经济分析，该系统通过热H2S分解共同生产无碳氢和硫。这项工作的主要新颖之处在于开发了一种用于H2S太阳能热分解的瞬态框架，该框架结合了热能储存，可以在现实的太阳能间歇性条件下连续、全年地生产氢和硫。该系统包括定日镜场、太阳能塔、熔盐热储能、用于氢分离的钯银膜以及净化和压缩单元。具有冷热罐的热能储存，可实现全年连续运行。该系统是为布什尔设计的，靠近具有高太阳能潜力的主要天然气精炼厂，该系统在壳管式反应器中分解酸性气体，该反应器由熔盐加热，温度高达1280 °C。具有四步动力学机制的塞流反应器模型预测H2S转化率为30%，产氢效率为23%，产硫效率为10.94%。年平均产氢39 kg/h，硫0.389 kg/s，余热回收过热蒸汽2.2 kg/s。总能源效率和火用效率分别为69.66%和25.35%。总投资为1945万美元，氢气成本为10.1美元/公斤，投资回收期为6.34年，20年净现值为1710万美元，证实了该系统的技术和经济可行性。

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引用次数: 0

Underground hydrogen storage capacity in saline aquifer 盐碱层地下储氢能力

IF 10.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121195

Chuanjie Ren , Xiaojiang Li , Ziqing Pan , Kaiqiang Zhang

Underground hydrogen storage in saline aquifers is an irreplaceable option for large-scale hydrogen usage amid the transition to net-zero, with the urgent demand for clean energy. However, accurate hydrogen storage capacity evaluation is currently hindered by the lack of accessible analytical tools that simultaneously account for engineering constraints and hydrogen-specific biogeochemical losses. To address these gaps, this study hypothesizes that explicitly coupling engineering constraints with quantitative sink terms for microbial consumption and dissolution and diffusive loss will define a net effective capacity that provides a rigorous, safety-constrained baseline distinct from static volumetric estimates. We developed a novel first-order basin-scale screening tool that integrates transport dynamics, equations of state. This framework serves as a theoretical upper-bound estimator designed to evaluate the maximum hydrogen storage capacity subject to engineering constraints and quantitative losses, distinct from predictive reservoir simulations. Applying of the model to a representative basin-scale aquifer, a set of 10 wells with inter-well distance of 5.2 km was determined to reach 1.5 Gt storage volume. Moreover, a total of eleven factors, regarding the reservoir parameters, fluid properties, engineering strategies, and their effects on the hydrogen storage capacity, were specifically analyzed. Results show that long operational time (i.e., 1000 years) usually results in increased storage volume to reach the maximum storage capacity. We conclude that while saline aquifers offer huge storage potential, their technical feasibility is strictly governed by the coupling of hydraulic injectivity and operational time. Overall, this study provides a powerful tool for accurately and efficiently quantifying hydrogen storage capacity and optimizing strategies in saline aquifer.

随着对清洁能源的迫切需求，在向净零转型的过程中，盐碱层地下储氢是大规模使用氢的不可替代的选择。然而，由于缺乏可访问的分析工具，同时考虑工程限制和氢特异性生物地球化学损失，目前阻碍了准确的储氢能力评估。为了解决这些差距，本研究假设将工程约束与微生物消耗、溶解和扩散损失的定量汇项明确耦合，将定义一个净有效容量，该容量提供了一个严格的、安全约束的基线，与静态体积估算不同。我们开发了一种新的一阶盆地尺度筛选工具，该工具集成了输运动力学、状态方程。该框架作为理论上的上限估计器，旨在评估受工程约束和定量损失影响的最大储氢容量，与预测油藏模拟不同。将该模型应用于具有代表性的盆地尺度含水层，确定了一组10口井，井间距离为5.2 km，库容达到1.5 Gt。具体分析了储层参数、流体性质、工程策略等11个因素对储氢能力的影响。结果表明，较长的运行时间（即1000年）通常会导致存储量增加，以达到最大存储容量。我们得出的结论是，尽管咸水含水层具有巨大的储存潜力，但其技术可行性严格取决于水力注入能力和操作时间的耦合。综上所述，本研究为准确、高效地定量盐碱层储氢能力和优化储氢策略提供了有力的工具。

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引用次数: 0

Advanced computational fluid dynamic analysis of microclimate effects on solar photovoltaics for the utility-scale solar industry 微气候对公用事业规模太阳能产业太阳能光伏发电影响的先进计算流体动力学分析

IF 10.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121153

Sahan Trushad Wickramasooriya Kuruneru, Kenrick Anderson, Andrew Beath

An advanced numerical model is developed to unravel novel fluid flow physics and heat transfer mechanisms of three distinct bifacial solar photovoltaic panels (BPVs), namely 25° fixed-tilt, 90° vertical-, and waves-oriented BPVs. To this end, a conjugate heat transfer (CHT) numerical model is developed in the open-source computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software OpenFOAM to unravel novel buoyant convective-radiative fluid flow physics and microclimate of the three distinct BPVs in the region of Newcastle NSW Australia. The CFD results show that the air flow pathways, panel temperature distribution and air temperature around the panels vary considerably with differing geometric panel morphology and climate conditions. Distinct flow patterns are observed in different panels of the solar farm. It is also found that the number of air recirculation zones between successive panels in a solar farm vary due to various factors such as head-on wind velocity magnitudes, wind directions, and panel tilt and panel spacing thereby altering the spatial temperature distribution of all PV panels. This also has profound implications on the local air velocities and heat transfer coefficients of BPVs. The effects of wind directions on BPVs have distinct heat transfer characteristics. Scientists and engineers in the photovoltaic industry can harness this approach to broaden the applicability and generalizability of PV heat transfer models by developing and implementing advanced CFD models to provide various correlations between heat transfer coefficients and head-on wind velocities and wind directions. Furthermore, the numerical model and the results can be harnessed to facilitate and guide the system optimization of BPVs for various industries such as agriculture and mining.

建立了一种先进的数值模型，揭示了三种不同的双面太阳能光伏板（25°固定倾斜，90°垂直和波浪方向的双面太阳能光伏板）的新型流体流动物理和传热机制。为此，在开源计算流体动力学（CFD）软件OpenFOAM中建立了一个共轭传热（CHT）数值模型，以揭示澳大利亚新南威尔士州纽卡斯尔地区三种不同bpv的新型浮力对流辐射流体流动物理和小气候。计算流体力学结果表明，不同几何形状和气候条件下，面板的气流路径、面板温度分布和面板周围的空气温度变化较大。在太阳能发电厂的不同面板上观察到不同的流动模式。研究还发现，太阳能发电厂连续面板之间的空气再循环区数量会因各种因素而变化，例如迎面风速大小、风向、面板倾斜和面板间距，从而改变所有光伏面板的空间温度分布。这对bpv的局部空气速度和换热系数也有深远的影响。风向对bpv的影响具有明显的换热特性。光伏行业的科学家和工程师可以利用这种方法，通过开发和实施先进的CFD模型来提供传热系数与迎面风速和风向之间的各种相关性，从而扩大光伏传热模型的适用性和通用性。此外，数值模型和结果可用于促进和指导农业和采矿业等不同行业的业务流程pv系统优化。

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引用次数: 0

Techno-economic assessment of hydrogen production from biomass and RDF gasification with integrated carbon Capture: A Brazilian Perspective 结合碳捕获的生物质和RDF气化制氢的技术经济评估：巴西视角

IF 10.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121185

Diogo Josué de Souza Santos , Alisson Aparecido Vitoriano Julio , York Castillo Santiago , Osvaldo José Venturini , José Carlos Escobar Palacio

For this study, sugarcane bagasse and Refuse-Derived Fuel from Municipal Solid Waste gasification were investigated for low-emission hydrogen production. This is done through a unique simulation that integrates Aspen Plus® and Hysys® to present a detailed analysis considering the Brazilian availability of sugarcane bagasse and Refuse-Derived Fuel. A chemical equilibrium model was developed and validated in Aspen Plus® using various gasifying agents. A sensitivity analysis of the equivalence ratio was conducted, revealing a temperature increase from 700 to 900°C when using air as the gasifying agent. The gasification temperature ranged from 550 to 750°C when employing air and steam with a fixed SBR of 1. The highest hydrogen volumetric fraction for Refuse-Derived Fuel was 0.25, while for sugarcane bagasse gasification, it was 0.22. Additionally, the addition of shift reactors favors hydrogen production, increasing the hydrogen mass flow rate by approximately 90% in the gasification plant. The plants achieved an overall efficiency of around 50% for all evaluated scenarios, but the efficiency was reduced to about 40% with the addition of the carbon capture system. Besides, the levelized cost of hydrogen ranged between 4 and 4.5 US$/kgH₂ and 5 and 6 US$/kgH₂ in the gasification system with carbon capture. The results of this study suggest that biomass-hydrogen-based processes are promising options contributing to H₂ production capacity, but improvements are needed to achieve significant volumes and competitive costs.

在本研究中，研究了蔗渣和城市生活垃圾气化垃圾衍生燃料用于低排放制氢。这是通过整合Aspen Plus®和Hysys®的独特模拟来完成的，以提供考虑到巴西蔗渣和垃圾衍生燃料可用性的详细分析。在Aspen Plus®中使用各种气化剂开发并验证了化学平衡模型。对等效比进行了敏感性分析，发现当使用空气作为气化剂时，温度从700℃升高到900℃。当采用固定SBR为1的空气和蒸汽时，气化温度范围为550至750°C。垃圾衍生燃料的最高氢体积分数为0.25，而蔗渣气化的最高氢体积分数为0.22。此外，移位反应器的增加有利于氢气的生产，在气化装置中增加了大约90%的氢气质量流率。在所有评估方案中，工厂的总效率约为50%，但在增加碳捕获系统后，效率降至约40%。此外，在具有碳捕获的气化系统中，氢气的平准化成本在4至4.5美元/kgH2之间，在5至6美元/kgH2之间。这项研究的结果表明，生物质氢为基础的工艺是有前途的选择，有助于H2的生产能力，但需要改进，以实现显著的产量和具有竞争力的成本。

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引用次数: 0

Electrochemical model fitting of lithium-ion cells considering temperature-dependent transport properties 考虑温度相关输运性质的锂离子电池电化学模型拟合

IF 10.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121164

Facundo Rivoir , Álvaro Fogué Robles , Santiago Martinez-Boggio , Erika Teliz , Antonio García

Understanding how lithium-ion batteries behave under different thermal conditions is essential for predicting performance in electric mobility and energy storage applications. Low temperatures are known to severely limit usable energy and power capability, motivating the need for models that accurately represent transport limitations at sub-zero environments. This study investigates whether a temperature-sensitive pseudo-two-dimensional electrochemical model can capture lithium-ion cell behavior across a wide thermal range without requiring full parameter re-identification at each condition. The model was calibrated for a commercial cylindrical lithium-ion cell using dynamic current profiles and surface temperature measurements obtained between − 10 °C and 25 °C, and incorporated temperature-dependent corrections to ionic conductivity and mass transport properties. The calibrated model, which includes eighteen fitting parameters, reproduced voltage dynamics with root-mean-square errors below 0.049 V and relative voltage errors below 0.6 % across all temperatures. When implemented in a full electric-vehicle simulation under the Worldwide Harmonized Light-Duty Test Cycle at − 10 °C, 0 °C, 25 °C, and 40 °C, the predicted driving range varied from 266 km at − 10 °C to 290 km at 40 °C, with dissipated energy decreasing from 4.70 kWh at − 10 °C to below 1 kWh at warm conditions. These results demonstrate that the proposed modeling framework captures seasonal performance variations and provides a reliable basis for vehicle-level analysis and thermal-management design.

了解锂离子电池在不同热条件下的表现对于预测电动汽车和储能应用的性能至关重要。众所周知，低温会严重限制可用能源和电力能力，因此需要能够准确表示零度以下环境下运输限制的模型。这项研究探讨了温度敏感的伪二维电化学模型是否可以在很宽的热范围内捕获锂离子电池的行为，而不需要在每个条件下重新识别全部参数。该模型使用动态电流分布和在 − 10 °C和25 °C之间获得的表面温度测量值对商用圆柱形锂离子电池进行了校准，并结合了对离子电导率和质量输运性质的温度依赖校正。校正后的模型包括18个拟合参数，在所有温度下均可再现电压动态，均方根误差低于0.049 V，相对电压误差低于0.6 %。当实现一个完整的全球协调轻型下电动汽车仿真测试周期在 −  10°C, 0 °C, 25°C,和40 °C,预测的练习场变化从266 公里 −  10°C到290 公里40 °C,与耗散能量减少从 的4.70千瓦时 −  10°C以下1千瓦时在温暖的条件。这些结果表明，所提出的建模框架捕获了季节性能变化，并为车辆级分析和热管理设计提供了可靠的基础。

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引用次数: 0

Application-orientated design of micro thermoelectric coolers using a Machine learning-driven reverse framework 基于机器学习驱动的逆向框架的微型热电冷却器面向应用的设计

IF 10.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121203

Shucheng Bao , Wei Zhu , Lixing Liang , Man Zhou , Tian Qiu , Shijie Zhao , Yuan Deng

Micro thermoelectric coolers (μ-TECs) represent promising solution for “hot-spot” local cooling within confined spaces. However, systematically conducting the full-parameter optimization design of μ-TECs tailored to specific applications remains a formidable challenge for researchers, attributed to the intricate influencing parameters and manufacturing processes. Herein, a novel knowledge-data-driven research paradigm is proposed for the multifactorial multi-objective optimization of customized μ-TECs capitalizing the rational combination of the numerical analysis, finite element method (FEM) and deep neural networks (DNNs). Specifically, this approach is applied to the customized design of two distinct μ-TECs that function as heat pumps and coolers design, respectively, providing more comprehensive device-level insights. Regarding the most rational multifactorial multi-objective optimization strategy, an evaluation criterion for parameter priority is presented to guide the materials and interfaces development based on the application-orientated optimization profits. Furthermore, a database-enabled reverse framework is developed for deducing optimal interfacial and geometric design that align with specific materials, scenarios, and requirement. Consequently, the batch-produced 18-pair modules designed through the reverse framework achieve the maximum cooling density and temperature of 29.1 W cm⁻² and 70.3 K, respectively. Notably, our customized devices provide a superior cooling density of 8.4 W cm⁻² in the target applications requiring stable cooling of 50 K, surpassing most advanced general-purpose products. This study offers a high-efficient knowledge-data-driven methodology for the rapid and reverse design of high-performance μ-TECs with tailored application scenarios and requirements.

微型热电冷却器（μ- tec）代表了在有限空间内“热点”局部冷却的有前途的解决方案。然而，系统地进行针对特定应用的μ- tec全参数优化设计仍然是研究人员面临的巨大挑战，因为影响参数和制造工艺复杂。在此基础上，将数值分析、有限元法（FEM）和深度神经网络（dnn）相结合，提出了一种基于知识数据驱动的定制μ- tec多因素多目标优化研究范式。具体而言，该方法应用于分别作为热泵和冷却器设计的两种不同μ- tec的定制设计，提供了更全面的设备级见解。针对最合理的多因素多目标优化策略，提出了基于应用优化效益的参数优先级评价准则，以指导材料和界面的开发。此外，还开发了一个支持数据库的反向框架，用于推导符合特定材料、场景和需求的最佳界面和几何设计。因此，通过反向框架设计的批量生产的18对模块的最大冷却密度和温度分别为29.1 W cm−2和70.3 K。值得注意的是，我们的定制器件在需要50 K稳定冷却的目标应用中提供了8.4 W cm−2的卓越冷却密度，超过了最先进的通用产品。本研究提供了一种高效的知识数据驱动的方法，用于针对特定应用场景和需求的高性能μ- tec的快速和反向设计。

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引用次数: 0

Machine learning driven optimization of an innovative microbial fuel cell performance: A holistic approach integrating electrochemical, thermodynamic and biological parameters 机器学习驱动的创新微生物燃料电池性能优化：集成电化学、热力学和生物参数的整体方法

IF 10.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121197

Mohammad Hossein Sabouri, Mohammad Hasan Khoshgoftar Manesh, Seyed Alireza Mousavi Rabeti

Effective management of municipal wastewater is critical for resource recovery and sustainable protection of natural ecosystems, yet conventional treatment processes remain highly energy intensive. However, many existing microbial fuel cell systems often suffer from limited power output, high material costs, and reduced efficiency in membrane–less configurations. This study hypothesizes that an air cathode, membrane-less, submersible, and replaceable microbial fuel cell can simultaneously enhance wastewater treatment efficiency and electricity generation under optimized biological and operating conditions. A laboratory-scale system was evaluated over five experimental phases using municipal wastewater amended with activated sludge. Electrochemical and thermodynamic analyses were conducted alongside artificial illumination, Nitrobacter supplementation, and machine learning-based prediction of voltage and biological parameters. The system achieved maximum chemical oxygen demand and biological oxygen demand removal efficiencies of 99% and 98% within three days. A peak power density of 25 mW/m² was obtained, with optimal performance observed at 30–35°C and a maximum entropy generation of 0.2 mW/K. The machine learning models demonstrated strong predictive accuracy, with R² = 0.9 for voltage and 0.94 for key wastewater parameters. These results indicate that the proposed microbial fuel cell configuration provides a promising and scalable pathway for efficient wastewater treatment and bioenergy recovery, further enhanced through microbial augmentation and optimized operating conditions.

城市污水的有效管理对于资源回收和自然生态系统的可持续保护至关重要，但传统的处理工艺仍然是高能耗的。然而，许多现有的微生物燃料电池系统往往存在功率输出有限、材料成本高、无膜结构效率低等问题。本研究假设在优化的生物和操作条件下，空气阴极、无膜、潜水和可更换的微生物燃料电池可以同时提高废水处理效率和发电量。一个实验室规模的系统，评估了五个实验阶段，使用城市污水与活性污泥改性。电化学和热力学分析与人工照明、硝化细菌补充以及基于机器学习的电压和生物参数预测一起进行。该系统在三天内实现了99%和98%的最大化学需氧量和生物需氧量去除效率。获得的峰值功率密度为25 mW/m2，在30-35°C时性能最佳，最大熵产为0.2 mW/K。机器学习模型显示出很强的预测准确性，电压的R2 = 0.9，关键废水参数的R2 = 0.94。这些结果表明，所提出的微生物燃料电池配置为高效废水处理和生物能源回收提供了一条有前途的可扩展途径，并通过微生物增加和优化操作条件进一步增强。

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引用次数: 0

Investigation of methane hydrate dissociation behavior in porous media by the lattice Boltzmann method 用晶格玻尔兹曼方法研究甲烷水合物在多孔介质中的解离行为

IF 10.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121208

Ran Yang, Linsen Zhan, Hailong Lu

Methane hydrate dissociation is a complicated multiple physicochemical processes, and fundamental understanding of hydrate dynamic behavior in porous media is essential for hydrate development. In this study, we develop a coupled lattice Boltzmann model to simulate hydrate dissociation induced by fluid extraction in porous media. The model simultaneously accounts for fluid flow, heat transfer, mass transport, intrinsic kinetic reaction, and the evolution of the solid matrix. Systematic analyses of dissociation behavior and its intrinsic mechanisms are conducted by considering boundary conditions, dimensionless numbers, and pore structures. Hydrate dissociation experiences three distinct stages: (1) rapid response to surrounding condition change, (2) moderate dissociation stage with an approximately linear decay, and (3) quasi-equilibrium stage. The governing mechanisms—hydrate intrinsic kinetics, heat transfer, and mass transfer—vary continuously as hydrate saturation declines. Specifically, when the reaction rate is low and mass transfer is negligible, the process transitions from a joint kinetics-heat transfer control regime (

{Da}_{T} > 0.1

) to a kinetics-dominated regime (

{Da}_{T} < 0.1

). Regarding boundary conditions, a higher concentration gradient accelerates the reaction, whereas higher flow velocities lead to lower reaction rates due to enhanced heat loss. The dissociation rate decreases monotonically with the thermal Péclet number (

{Pe}_{T}

) increasing, whereas it first rises and then falls with the mass Péclet number (

{Pe}_{m}

) increasing, revealing an optimal range between 0.036 and 0.144. In terms of pore structure, simple-cubic structures exhibit higher dissociation rates than face-centered-cubic structures due to shorter heat transfer paths. The results obtained from this study provide new pore-scale insights into hydrate dissociation dynamics and provide a basis for forecasting hydrate recovery.

甲烷水合物的解离是一个复杂的多物理化学过程，对水合物在多孔介质中的动力学行为的基本认识对水合物的开发至关重要。在这项研究中，我们建立了一个耦合晶格玻尔兹曼模型来模拟流体萃取在多孔介质中引起的水合物解离。该模型同时考虑了流体流动、传热、传质、本征动力学反应和固体基体的演化。通过考虑边界条件、无因次数和孔隙结构，系统地分析了解离行为及其内在机制。水合物的解离经历了三个不同的阶段：(1)对周围条件变化的快速响应；(2)近似线性衰减的中等解离阶段；(3)准平衡阶段。水合物固有动力学、传热和传质等控制机制随着水合物饱和度的降低而不断变化。具体来说，当反应速率较低且传质可以忽略不计时，该过程从动力学-传热联合控制状态（DaT>0.1）转变为动力学主导状态（DaT<0.1）。在边界条件下，浓度梯度越高，反应速度越快，热损失越大，反应速率越低。解离率随热psamclet数（PeT）的增加而单调减小，随质量psamclet数（Pem）的增加先上升后下降，解离率的最佳范围为0.036 ~ 0.144。在孔结构方面，由于传热路径较短，简单立方结构比面心立方结构具有更高的解离率。该研究结果为水合物解离动力学提供了新的孔隙尺度视角，并为水合物采收率预测提供了依据。

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引用次数: 0