Energy Conversion and Management最新文献_第5页

Energy modeling and performance of volumetric 3D printing for multi-material efficient production 多材料高效生产的体积3D打印的能量建模和性能

IF 10.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management

Pub Date : 2026-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121186

Zhisi Xie , Zuke Yiyang , Jiaochang Wu , Yongchao Liao , Yan’e Gao , Kee-hung Lai , Wei Cai

Volumetric 3D printing has emerged as an effective approach to overcome the low efficiency and interlayer defects associated with conventional layer-by-layer additive manufacturing processes. However, the energy consumption and efficiency of this technique, particularly in multi-material printing scenarios, have not yet been quantified. In this study, a volumetric 3D printing method is proposed, with a bilayer structure selected as a representative case to investigate energy-efficient fabrication. First, the principles of volumetric 3D printing are systematically described, followed by an analysis of its performance characterization and energy efficiency. An energy consumption basic database and a full-process energy consumption model for bilayer multi-material volumetric 3D printing are established. The performance characteristics and their influencing factors are further examined. The results indicate that the proposed model achieves a prediction accuracy of up to 98.2%. In addition, volumetric 3D printing reduces manufacturing time to approximately one-ninth to one-twenty-second of that required by conventional digital light processing 3D printing, while the associated energy consumption is reduced to approximately one-half to one-sixth. These findings demonstrate the high efficiency of volumetric 3D printing in multi-material manufacturing and provide a reliable framework for energy-aware evaluation of advanced manufacturing processes.

体积3D打印已经成为克服传统逐层增材制造工艺相关的低效率和层间缺陷的有效方法。然而，这种技术的能耗和效率，特别是在多材料印刷场景中，还没有被量化。本文提出了一种体积3D打印方法，并以双层结构为代表研究了节能制造方法。首先，系统地描述了体积3D打印的原理，然后分析了其性能表征和能源效率。建立了双层多材料体积3D打印的能耗基础数据库和全过程能耗模型。进一步研究了其性能特点及其影响因素。结果表明，该模型的预测精度可达98.2%。此外，体积3D打印将制造时间减少到传统数字光处理3D打印所需的大约九分之一到二十分之一，而相关的能源消耗减少到大约二分之一到六分之一。这些发现证明了体积3D打印在多材料制造中的高效率，并为先进制造工艺的能源意识评估提供了可靠的框架。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental characterization and analysis of phase change material-based thermal energy storage system for refrigerated display case 基于相变材料的冷藏陈列柜蓄热系统的实验表征与分析

IF 10.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management

Pub Date : 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121143

Ravi Anant Kishore , Jason Woods , Yana Galazutdinova , Monica Cook , Said Al-Hallaj , Kyle Foster , Ramin Faramarzi

Refrigerated display cases that are used to store and exhibit food products in supermarkets and retail spaces consume a significant portion of the buildings’ total electricity. Importantly, the refrigeration-related energy cost and demand charges are greatly affected by the time-of-use electricity pricing and demand rates, which are at their maximum during peak hours, typically when refrigeration energy consumption is also high. Using energy storage to shift the refrigeration load from peak to off-peak hours can greatly reduce the operational costs in the supermarket. This study demonstrates a phase change material-based thermal energy storage (TES) system, specifically designed in stackable units, that can be integrated with an open vertical refrigerated display case. We perform numerical and experimental characterization that includes finite-difference modeling for the TES, prototype fabrication, and laboratory evaluation, followed by a preliminary system-level analysis to predict the impact of TES on the refrigerated case performance, energy use, and energy cost. The results show that the dedicated latent TES for refrigerated cases can provide a specific energy of 50.4 Wh/kg and a specific power of 15.5 W/kg. The TES can be charged during 12 h of the off-peak period and discharged at various rates during 4 to 6 h of the peak period, thereby shifting the refrigeration load from the peak to the off-peak period. Consequently, annual cost savings up to 19% can be achieved, depending on the thermal load, the summer/winter peak electricity pricing, and the transition temperature of the phase change material used.

在超市和零售空间中，用于储存和展示食品的冷藏陈列柜消耗了建筑物总电力的很大一部分。重要的是，与制冷相关的能源成本和需求收费受到分时电价和需求费率的很大影响，而分时电价和需求费率在高峰时段达到最大值，而高峰时段通常也是制冷能耗较高的时段。利用储能技术将制冷负荷从高峰时段转移到非高峰时段，可以大大降低超市的运营成本。本研究展示了一种基于相变材料的热能存储（TES）系统，该系统专门设计为可堆叠单元，可与开放式垂直冷藏展示柜集成。我们进行了数值和实验表征，包括TES的有限差分建模、原型制造和实验室评估，随后进行了初步的系统级分析，以预测TES对冷藏箱性能、能源使用和能源成本的影响。结果表明，冷冻箱专用潜热TES可提供50.4 Wh/kg的比能量和15.5 W/kg的比功率。工商业污水附加费可在非高峰时段的12小时内收费，并在高峰时段的4至6小时内以不同的费率放电，从而将制冷负荷从高峰转移到非高峰时段。因此，根据热负荷、夏季/冬季峰值电价以及所使用相变材料的转变温度，每年可节省高达19%的成本。

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引用次数: 0

Operational optimization for joint carbon emissions reduction and SO2 removal in semi-dry flue gas desulfurization 半干法烟气脱硫中碳减排与SO2联合脱除的操作优化

IF 10.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management

Pub Date : 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121171

Zichang Che , Sihong Cheng , Wenbo Zhang , Yi Xing , Wei Su

Industrial desulfurization in energy-intensive sectors entails a complex trade-off between ensuring strict pollutant removal and minimizing the associated energy and material-intensive carbon footprint. However, existing optimization strategies typically focus solely on terminal removal efficiency, often overlooking the intrinsic conflict between chemical consumption costs and macroscopic carbon emissions. This study hypothesizes that integrating mechanism-based mass transfer dynamics with specific life-cycle carbon accounting can reveal critical trade-offs for synergistic pollution control. To validate this, a synergistic optimization framework for semi-dry desulfurization was developed by coupling a steady-state dual-film efficiency model with boundary-defined carbon accounting to determine optimal trajectories under dew-point safety constraints. Results demonstrate that prioritizing water humidification minimizes calcium sorbent usage through enhanced reaction kinetics, leading to a 33.4% reduction in operational carbon emissions and a decrease of 95.2 CNY/h in costs, given that the desulfurizer dominates the carbon footprint (67.2%). Ultimately, this framework provides a quantifiable, mechanism-informed tool for low-carbon operation, offering scalable strategic guidance for industrial carbon mitigation.

能源密集型行业的工业脱硫需要在确保严格去除污染物和尽量减少相关的能源和材料密集型碳足迹之间进行复杂的权衡。然而，现有的优化策略通常只关注终端去除效率，往往忽视了化学品消耗成本与宏观碳排放之间的内在冲突。本研究假设，将基于机制的传质动力学与特定生命周期碳核算相结合，可以揭示协同污染控制的关键权衡。为了验证这一点，通过将稳态双膜效率模型与边界定义碳计算相结合，开发了半干法脱硫的协同优化框架，以确定露点安全约束下的最佳轨迹。结果表明，考虑到脱硫剂在碳足迹中占主导地位（67.2%），优先考虑水加湿可以通过增强反应动力学来最大限度地减少钙吸附剂的使用，从而使运行碳排放量减少33.4%，成本降低95.2元/小时。最终，该框架为低碳运营提供了一个可量化的、了解机制的工具，为工业碳减排提供了可扩展的战略指导。

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引用次数: 0

Assessing the impact of PEM electrolyser degradation for green hydrogen production: Power variability and ageing effects 评估PEM电解槽降解对绿色制氢的影响：功率变异性和老化效应

IF 10.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management

Pub Date : 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121142

Ane Elizetxea-Navarro , Jon Aizpuru , Yerai Peña-Sanchez , Manu Centeno-Telleria , Ander Goikoetxea , Markel Penalba

Green hydrogen is a promising alternative to fossil fuels, supported by the growing interest in electrolysers and renewable-based hydrogen production. However, limited understanding remains regarding the degradation processes affecting electrolyser performance. This paper presents a comprehensive model that integrates three primary degradation mechanisms: (1) ageing or evolutionary operational degradation, understood as time-dependent wear accumulated during operating hours; (2) dynamic operational degradation due to renewable-induced load fluctuations; and (3) shutdown-related degradation caused by frequent start-ups and shut-downs driven by renewable intermittency. The model progressively evolves from a baseline case assuming a constant operational degradation rate to a refined formulation that accounts for variable operational degradation rates and intermittent shutdowns. Results indicate that shutdown events are the dominant factor driving electrolyser degradation. When shutdown-related degradation is considered, the degradation effect increases by at least threefold compared to constant operation. Conversely, variations in operational degradation rates have a minor influence on overall system performance. Over a 25-year wind-electrolysis plant lifetime, the number of required electrolysers changes by approximately 50% when shutdown effects are neglected and only 15% when they are included. The interaction of degradation mechanisms leads to non-linear effects and unpredictable trends, underscoring the importance of integrating all relevant degradation factors into system modelling and lifecycle assessment. The findings highlight the need for more precise experimental data to refine degradation rate estimations. Nevertheless, the proposed model provides the flexibility to incorporate updated parameters as new data become available, offering a robust framework for performance prediction and strategic planning in green hydrogen systems.

由于人们对电解槽和可再生制氢的兴趣日益浓厚，绿色氢是一种有前景的化石燃料替代品。然而，对影响电解槽性能的降解过程的了解仍然有限。本文提出了一个综合模型，该模型集成了三种主要的退化机制：(1)老化或演化的运行退化，被理解为在运行时间内积累的随时间变化的磨损；(2)可再生能源引起的负荷波动导致的动态运行退化；(3)可再生能源间歇性驱动的频繁启动和停机导致的停机相关退化。该模型逐渐从假设恒定运行退化率的基线情况演变为考虑可变运行退化率和间歇性停机的精炼公式。结果表明，停机事件是导致电解槽退化的主要因素。当考虑停机相关的退化时，与恒定运行相比，退化效应至少增加了三倍。相反，操作退化率的变化对整个系统性能的影响很小。在25年的风电解厂寿命中，当不考虑停机影响时，所需电解槽的数量变化约为50%，当考虑停机影响时，所需电解槽的数量变化仅为15%。退化机制的相互作用导致非线性效应和不可预测的趋势，强调了将所有相关退化因素纳入系统建模和生命周期评估的重要性。这一发现强调了需要更精确的实验数据来改进降解率估计。然而，所提出的模型提供了灵活性，可以在新数据可用时纳入更新的参数，为绿色氢系统的性能预测和战略规划提供了一个强大的框架。

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引用次数: 0

Techno-economic analysis of closed-loop geothermal system with multi-wing fracture 多翼裂缝闭环地热系统技术经济分析

IF 10.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management

Pub Date : 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121174

Sai Liu, Ruichang Guo, Chao Li, Hongsheng Wang

This research seeks to determine whether thermally conductive fractures can substantially enhance the heat extraction of closed-loop geothermal systems. A fracture-incorporated closed-loop geothermal system, featuring a multi-wing thermally conductive fracture, is presented. A thermo-hydraulic coupled three-dimensional model is established for the system, through which an extensive numerical investigation is conducted to assess its heat extraction under circumstances of various fracture heat conductivity, multi-wing fracture configurations, and operational settings. Results indicate that a system with a dual-wing fracture attains moderately greater heat extraction than a fracture-free closed-loop design, when the fracture has large height and thickness, with performance increasing as fracture heat conductivity rises. For an identical fracture cross-sectional area, increasing fracture height provides more substantial heat extraction enhancement than expanding fracture thickness. Elevating the specific heat capacity of circulating fluid reduces the produced-fluid temperature considerably, although the corresponding improvement in net power remains modest. As the fluid circulation rate increases, cumulative thermal output initially climbs but eventually decreases once a threshold flow rate is exceeded. Implementing a multi-wing fracture yields up to a 60.93% increase in cumulative heat output over 180 days, and this improvement reaches 187.25% when a thermal plug is additionally utilized. The thermal output increment associated with the thermal plug plateaus near 78.51% when the number of fracture wings is greater than four. Among all influencing parameters, the thermal plug, followed by the fracture wing number, exerts the greatest effect on the closed-loop system’s thermal performance. The F-CGS with a dual-wing fracture and plug exhibits superior economy.

本研究旨在确定导热裂缝是否能显著增强闭环地热系统的热提取。提出了一种以多翼式导热裂缝为特征的裂缝合并闭环地热系统。建立了该系统的热-液耦合三维模型，对不同裂缝导热系数、多翼裂缝构型和操作条件下的抽热量进行了广泛的数值研究。结果表明，当裂缝具有较大的高度和厚度时，具有双翼裂缝的系统比无裂缝的闭环设计获得了中等程度的热量提取，并且性能随着裂缝导热系数的增加而提高。在相同的裂缝截面积下，增加裂缝高度比增加裂缝厚度提供更显著的排热效果。提高循环流体的比热容可以显著降低产液温度，但相应的净功率改善仍然不大。随着流体循环速率的增加，累积热输出开始上升，但一旦超过阈值流量，最终会下降。在180天内，实施多翼压裂可使累计热输出增加60.93%，如果额外使用热塞，则可提高187.25%。当裂缝翼数大于4个时，与热塞平台相关的热输出增量接近78.51%。在所有影响参数中，热塞对闭环系统热性能的影响最大，其次是断裂翼数。具有双翼裂缝和桥塞的F-CGS具有优越的经济性。

{"title":"Techno-economic analysis of closed-loop geothermal system with multi-wing fracture","authors":"Sai Liu, Ruichang Guo, Chao Li, Hongsheng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research seeks to determine whether thermally conductive fractures can substantially enhance the heat extraction of closed-loop geothermal systems. A fracture-incorporated closed-loop geothermal system, featuring a multi-wing thermally conductive fracture, is presented. A thermo-hydraulic coupled three-dimensional model is established for the system, through which an extensive numerical investigation is conducted to assess its heat extraction under circumstances of various fracture heat conductivity, multi-wing fracture configurations, and operational settings. Results indicate that a system with a dual-wing fracture attains moderately greater heat extraction than a fracture-free closed-loop design, when the fracture has large height and thickness, with performance increasing as fracture heat conductivity rises. For an identical fracture cross-sectional area, increasing fracture height provides more substantial heat extraction enhancement than expanding fracture thickness. Elevating the specific heat capacity of circulating fluid reduces the produced-fluid temperature considerably, although the corresponding improvement in net power remains modest. As the fluid circulation rate increases, cumulative thermal output initially climbs but eventually decreases once a threshold flow rate is exceeded. Implementing a multi-wing fracture yields up to a 60.93% increase in cumulative heat output over 180 days, and this improvement reaches 187.25% when a thermal plug is additionally utilized. The thermal output increment associated with the thermal plug plateaus near 78.51% when the number of fracture wings is greater than four. Among all influencing parameters, the thermal plug, followed by the fracture wing number, exerts the greatest effect on the closed-loop system’s thermal performance. The F-CGS with a dual-wing fracture and plug exhibits superior economy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"353 ","pages":"Article 121174"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146116473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Energy, exergy, exergoeconomic and sustainability analysis of a propane-fueled SI engine operating via flame jet ignition using oxy-hydrogen gas from an on-board alkaline electrolyzer supported by TEG 能源、火用、燃烧、经济性和可持续性分析丙烷燃料SI发动机通过火焰喷射点火，使用由TEG支持的机载碱性电解槽产生的氧-氢气体

IF 10.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management

Pub Date : 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121155

Hüsameddin Akçay , Halil Erdi Gülcan , Habib Gürbüz

This paper focuses on the energy, exergy, exergoeconomic, and sustainability performance of oxygen-hydrogen (HHO) gas utilization for flame jet ignition in a propane-fueled SI engine. The required HHO gas is produced instantaneously using an alkaline electrolyzer. A significant portion of its energy was provided by electrical energy generated from exhaust waste heat using a thermoelectric generator (TEG). The HHO assisted flame jet ignition (HHO_AJI) system ignites the propane-air mixture in the main combustion chamber using HHO gas delivered in different proportions to the pre-chamber. The HHO flow rates used in flame jet ignition were 0.4 L/min (HHO_AJI-0.4), 0.7 L/min (HHO_AJI-0.7), and 1.0 L/min (HHO_AJI-1.0). The experimental studies were conducted at a constant engine speed of 2300 rpm, 50% throttle opening, and six different lambda values (λ = 0.9, 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, and 1.4). The results indicate that the HHO_AJI system enhances exergetic performance under lean mixture conditions. At λ = 1.4 and an HHO flow rate of 1.0 L.min-1 thermal efficiency, exergy efficiency, and sustainability index increased by 66.7%, 67.2%, and 14.2%, respectively, compared to conventional ignition, while lost energy and exergy destruction decreased by 18.3% and 14.3%. Moreover, the exergoeconomic analysis showed that the specific exergy cost of shaft power decreased by 6.5%, confirming that operating the SI engine with a lean mixture under HHO_AJI mode is not only thermodynamically but also economically advantageous.

本文主要研究了在丙烷燃料SI发动机中利用氢氧（HHO）气体进行火焰喷射点火的能源、火用、火用经济性和可持续性性能。所需的HHO气体使用碱性电解槽立即产生。其能量的很大一部分是由使用热电发电机（TEG）从废气废热产生的电能提供的。HHO辅助火焰喷射点火（HHO_AJI）系统将不同比例的HHO气体送入预燃室，点燃主燃烧室的丙烷-空气混合物。火焰喷射点火时的HHO流量分别为0.4 L/min （HHO_AJI-0.4）、0.7 L/min （HHO_AJI-0.7）和1.0 L/min （HHO_AJI-1.0）。实验研究是在发动机转速为2300转/分、50%油门开度和6个不同lambda值（λ = 0.9、1.0、1.1、1.2、1.3和1.4）的恒定条件下进行的。结果表明，HHO_AJI体系在稀薄混合料条件下提高了火用性能。λ = 1.4和HHO流量为1.0 l min-1时，与常规点火相比，火用效率和可持续性指数分别提高了66.7%、67.2%和14.2%，能量损失和火用破坏分别降低了18.3%和14.3%。此外，燃烧经济性分析表明，轴功率的比火用成本降低了6.5%，证实了在HHO_AJI模式下使用稀薄混合气运行SI发动机不仅热力学上有利，而且经济上有利。

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引用次数: 0

Optimal management of backup power supply resources for critical infrastructure sites using mobile electricity storage facilities 基于移动蓄电的关键基础设施备用电源资源优化管理

IF 10.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management

Pub Date : 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121169

Krzysztof Zagrajek , Desire D. Rasolomampionona , Mariusz Kłos , Enrico Elio De Tuglie , Giulia Amato , Luigi Pio Savastio

In modern power systems, low-emission backup power resources (BPR) are being explored to enhance the reliability of power supply and strengthen the energy resilience of critical infrastructure. One such resource is mobile energy storage facilities (MESF). They take the form of custom electric vehicles (CEV) with MESF in their cargo space. The aim of this article is to investigate the optimal mix of energy potential available with resources such as Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) and CEV vehicles supported by a local diesel generator. The article proposes a research methodology for assessing the economic viability of deploying energy services using MESF to improve the energy security of priority loads, especially critical infrastructure sites by minimizing the cost of electricity supply from the BPR mix. The reference point is the value of energy not delivered, estimated using the value of lost load (VOLL) indicator. The study included 18 test simulations of BPR resource dispatch over the course of a year, considering the hourly power demand profile of the end-user and the probability of grid constraints. The results indicate that economic viability is achieved when service activation exceeds 125 h, and the profits from using such resources can reach almost EUR 2 million. For 6 out 18 applied testing scenarios, the profits of using BPR’s optimal mix were recorded, ranging from 168,000 EUR to 1,824,693 EUR. The results demonstrate that it is possible to utilize CEV vehicles in enhancing the energy resilience of critical infrastructure, using it as one of resources alongside V2G technology and Diesel Generators.

在现代电力系统中，为了提高供电可靠性和增强关键基础设施的能源弹性，正在探索低排放备用电源。其中一种资源是移动储能设施（MESF）。它们采用定制电动汽车（CEV）的形式，在其货舱中装有MESF。本文的目的是研究由本地柴油发电机支持的车辆到电网（V2G）和CEV车辆等资源可获得的能源潜力的最佳组合。本文提出了一种研究方法，用于评估使用MESF部署能源服务的经济可行性，通过最小化BPR组合的电力供应成本来提高优先负载的能源安全性，特别是关键基础设施站点。参考点是未交付的能量值，使用失负荷（VOLL）指标的值估计。该研究包括在一年的时间里对BPR资源调度进行的18次测试模拟，考虑到最终用户的小时电力需求概况和电网约束的可能性。结果表明，当服务激活超过125小时时，实现了经济可行性，使用这些资源的利润可达到近200万欧元。对于18个应用测试场景中的6个，使用BPR的最佳组合的利润记录，从168,000欧元到1,824,693欧元不等。结果表明，利用CEV车辆增强关键基础设施的能源弹性是可能的，将其与V2G技术和柴油发电机一起用作资源之一。

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引用次数: 0

Increased energy conversion efficiency in footstep energy harvesting pavements via a novel combination strategy 通过一种新颖的组合策略提高了步行能量收集路面的能量转换效率

IF 10.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management

Pub Date : 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121178

Rui Zhong , Chung Ket Thein , Dunant Halim , John Xu , Chenjun Shi

For an array composed of multiple footstep energy harvesting pavements (FEHPs), a critical challenge that limits large-scale application is the energy loss with reliability degradation caused by the combination of multiple harvesters under normal footstep displacement. To eliminate this problem, a novel combination strategy was proposed in this work to autonomously route current around inactive harvesters. Concurrently, a mechanical switching system free from external power supply was manufactured to serve as the actuator of proposed strategy. Furthermore, an accurate mathematical model was established for the array implementing the proposed strategy. The strategy demonstrates a strong universality, being applicable to any FEHP that exchanges power through displacement, as the displacement is set to a pedestrian-friendly 5 mm in this work. The combination strategy not only enables the FEHP array to reach higher energy conversion efficiency but also ensures the smooth delivery of electrical energy generated by multiple FEHPs working simultaneously. In experimental verification, a single action on one switching module within the array achieved a 33.3% output voltage increase compared to the conventional series-connection method under given conditions. For an array consisting of three FEHPs in demonstration test, the new strategy facilitates threshold voltage breakthrough under given conditions, yielding a peak DC output of 20 V for a resistor box and a stable power supply duration of 22 s for a thermo-hygrometer. These results validate the effectiveness of the proposed device and the superiority of the combination strategy, highlighting their application value and market potential in energy harvesting.

对于由多个足部能量收集路面（fehp）组成的阵列来说，限制大规模应用的一个关键挑战是，在正常足部位移下，多个足部能量收集路面组合导致的能量损失和可靠性下降。为了消除这一问题，本文提出了一种新的组合策略，在非活动收集器周围自主布线电流。同时，制造了一个无外部电源的机械开关系统作为该策略的执行器。在此基础上，建立了实现该策略的精确数学模型。该策略具有很强的通用性，适用于任何通过位移交换功率的FEHP，因为在这项工作中，位移被设置为对行人友好的5毫米。该组合策略不仅可以使FEHP阵列达到更高的能量转换效率，还可以保证多个FEHP同时工作时产生的电能的平稳输送。在实验验证中，在给定条件下，与传统串联连接方法相比，阵列内一个开关模块的单次动作可使输出电压提高33.3%。在演示测试中，对于由三个fehp组成的阵列，新策略有助于在给定条件下突破阈值电压，电阻箱的峰值直流输出为20 V，热湿度计的稳定供电持续时间为22 s。这些结果验证了该装置的有效性和组合策略的优越性，突出了其在能量收集方面的应用价值和市场潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Advanced computational fluid dynamic analysis of microclimate effects on solar photovoltaics for the utility-scale solar industry 微气候对公用事业规模太阳能产业太阳能光伏发电影响的先进计算流体动力学分析

IF 10.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management

Pub Date : 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121153

Sahan Trushad Wickramasooriya Kuruneru, Kenrick Anderson, Andrew Beath

An advanced numerical model is developed to unravel novel fluid flow physics and heat transfer mechanisms of three distinct bifacial solar photovoltaic panels (BPVs), namely 25° fixed-tilt, 90° vertical-, and waves-oriented BPVs. To this end, a conjugate heat transfer (CHT) numerical model is developed in the open-source computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software OpenFOAM to unravel novel buoyant convective-radiative fluid flow physics and microclimate of the three distinct BPVs in the region of Newcastle NSW Australia. The CFD results show that the air flow pathways, panel temperature distribution and air temperature around the panels vary considerably with differing geometric panel morphology and climate conditions. Distinct flow patterns are observed in different panels of the solar farm. It is also found that the number of air recirculation zones between successive panels in a solar farm vary due to various factors such as head-on wind velocity magnitudes, wind directions, and panel tilt and panel spacing thereby altering the spatial temperature distribution of all PV panels. This also has profound implications on the local air velocities and heat transfer coefficients of BPVs. The effects of wind directions on BPVs have distinct heat transfer characteristics. Scientists and engineers in the photovoltaic industry can harness this approach to broaden the applicability and generalizability of PV heat transfer models by developing and implementing advanced CFD models to provide various correlations between heat transfer coefficients and head-on wind velocities and wind directions. Furthermore, the numerical model and the results can be harnessed to facilitate and guide the system optimization of BPVs for various industries such as agriculture and mining.

建立了一种先进的数值模型，揭示了三种不同的双面太阳能光伏板（25°固定倾斜，90°垂直和波浪方向的双面太阳能光伏板）的新型流体流动物理和传热机制。为此，在开源计算流体动力学（CFD）软件OpenFOAM中建立了一个共轭传热（CHT）数值模型，以揭示澳大利亚新南威尔士州纽卡斯尔地区三种不同bpv的新型浮力对流辐射流体流动物理和小气候。计算流体力学结果表明，不同几何形状和气候条件下，面板的气流路径、面板温度分布和面板周围的空气温度变化较大。在太阳能发电厂的不同面板上观察到不同的流动模式。研究还发现，太阳能发电厂连续面板之间的空气再循环区数量会因各种因素而变化，例如迎面风速大小、风向、面板倾斜和面板间距，从而改变所有光伏面板的空间温度分布。这对bpv的局部空气速度和换热系数也有深远的影响。风向对bpv的影响具有明显的换热特性。光伏行业的科学家和工程师可以利用这种方法，通过开发和实施先进的CFD模型来提供传热系数与迎面风速和风向之间的各种相关性，从而扩大光伏传热模型的适用性和通用性。此外，数值模型和结果可用于促进和指导农业和采矿业等不同行业的业务流程pv系统优化。

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引用次数: 0

Air liquefaction process in liquid air energy storage integrated with liquefied natural gas cold energy: Simulation and experiment 结合液化天然气冷能的液态空气储能中的空气液化过程：模拟与实验

IF 10.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management

Pub Date : 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121177

Chenchen Wang, Jinya Zhang, Ning Ma, Na Sun

The growing demand for efficient air liquefaction, driven by renewable energy integration and industrial needs, faces practical bottlenecks of the pressure limits of cryogenic heat exchangers (≤10 MPa) and the actual temperature range of liquefied natural gas cold energy (−145℃ to −135℃). In this study, multiple air liquefaction cycles integrated with internal (liquid air) and external (liquefied natural gas) cold energy are systematically modeled, optimized using a genetic algorithm, and experimentally validated under pressures ranging from 1 to 10 MPa. The experimental results indicate that the optimized Heylandt cycle is identified as the most efficient configuration for stand-alone liquid air energy storage, achieving a specific energy consumption of 0.3192 kWh/kg with a cold energy recovery rate of 95%. For liquefied natural gas integrated with liquid air energy storage system, the Kapitza cycle exhibits superior performance, attaining a specific energy consumption of 0.1980 kWh/kg under a liquefied natural gas flow ratio of 0.45. Experimental validation confirms that the Kapitza cycle integrated with cold energy significantly enhances the round-trip efficiency of a 50-kW system to 54.2%, with projections indicating potential efficiencies exceeding 70% for scaled 10  MW systems. This work provides the first experimentally validated optimization of air liquefaction cycles under real-world engineering constraints, bridging a critical gap between simulation and practice. The resulting framework offers a novel and scalable pathway to high-efficiency cryogenic energy storage.

在可再生能源整合和工业需求的推动下，高效空气液化需求不断增长，但低温换热器的压力极限（≤10 MPa）和液化天然气冷能的实际温度范围（- 145℃至- 135℃）面临着现实瓶颈。在本研究中，对集成了内部（液态空气）和外部（液化天然气）冷能的多个空气液化循环进行了系统建模，使用遗传算法进行了优化，并在1至10 MPa的压力范围内进行了实验验证。实验结果表明，优化后的Heylandt循环是最有效的单机液空储能配置，比能耗为0.3192 kWh/kg，冷能回收率为95%。对于与液空储能系统集成的液化天然气，Kapitza循环表现出优异的性能，在液化天然气流量比为0.45的情况下，其比能耗为0.1980 kWh/kg。实验验证证实，与冷能集成的Kapitza循环显着提高了50 kw系统的往返效率，达到54.2%，预测表明10  MW系统的潜在效率超过70%。这项工作提供了第一个在现实世界工程约束下经过实验验证的空气液化循环优化，弥合了模拟与实践之间的关键差距。由此产生的框架为高效低温储能提供了一种新颖且可扩展的途径。

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