Energy Conversion and Management最新文献_第5页

Electrical-thermal-electrochemical insights of the PEMWE stack in the accelerated stress test protocol powered by renewable energy 在以可再生能源为动力的加速应力测试协议中对 PEMWE 堆栈的电-热-电化学观察

IF 9.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management

Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119258

Kaichen Wang , Jiaxuan Liang , Chao Xu , Yufei Wang , Beiyuan Zhang , Zhichao Chen , Xing Ju , Feng Ye , Zhiming Wang , Jianguo Liu

Hydrogen production by proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) is considered a pivotal technology for renewable energy storage, utilization and conversion. In this study, based on one-year output data of photovoltaic (PV) and wind power (WP) generation in North China region, a K-means clustering algorithm was employed to extract the typical working conditions of PV and WP. The accelerated stress test (AST) protocols applicable to PEMWE stacks were proposed. Using the cell voltage monitoring (CVM) and cell temperature monitoring (CTM) devices, the voltage-temperature variations and transient response characteristics of a 10-cell PEMWE stack were experimentally investigated under steady-state, PV-AST and WP-AST conditions. Evaluation indexes were introduced to quantify the electrical-thermal consistency during 100-hour of continuous operation. The results indicate that stack performance degradation is relatively modest under steady-state testing, while significant performance degradation and electrical-thermal consistency deterioration are observed under AST fluctuating conditions. Electrochemical analysis using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy-Distribution of Relaxation Times (EIS-DRT) revealed increased impedance in various electrochemical processes after 100 h of continuous testing, with more pronounced hindrance observed under AST conditions. Additionally, micro-morphological characterization identified evident material defects and degradation are witnessed in the catalyst coated membrane (CCM) after AST conditions, indicating severer cell failure due to frequent start-up/shut-down cycles and power fluctuations. These efforts contribute to clarify the electrical-thermal-electrochemical characteristics and degradation mechanisms of PEMWE stacks during long-term operations powered by renewable energy.

质子交换膜电解水制氢（PEMWE）被认为是可再生能源存储、利用和转换的关键技术。本研究基于华北地区光伏和风力发电的一年输出数据，采用 K-means 聚类算法提取了光伏和风力发电的典型工况。提出了适用于 PEMWE 堆的加速应力测试 (AST) 协议。利用电池电压监测（CVM）和电池温度监测（CTM）装置，实验研究了稳态、PV-AST 和 WP-AST 条件下 10 芯 PEMWE 堆的电压-温度变化和瞬态响应特性。引入了评估指标来量化 100 小时连续运行期间的电热一致性。结果表明，在稳态测试条件下，电堆性能下降相对较小，而在 AST 波动条件下，电堆性能下降和电热一致性恶化显著。使用电化学阻抗光谱-弛豫时间分布（EIS-DRT）进行的电化学分析表明，在连续测试 100 小时后，各种电化学过程的阻抗都有所增加，在 AST 条件下观察到的阻抗更为明显。此外，微观形态表征还发现，在 AST 条件下，催化剂涂层膜 (CCM) 存在明显的材料缺陷和降解，这表明电池因频繁的启动/关闭循环和功率波动而出现严重故障。这些工作有助于阐明 PEMWE 堆在可再生能源驱动下长期运行期间的电-热-电化学特性和降解机制。

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引用次数: 0

In-depth exploration of microbial electrolysis cell coupled with anaerobic digestion (MEC-AD) for methanogenesis in treating protein wastewater at high organic loading rates 深入探讨微生物电解池与厌氧消化（MEC-AD）在处理高有机负荷率蛋白质废水中的产甲烷过程

IF 9.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management

Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119152

Changqing Liu , Qi Cao , Xingguang Luo , Shenghan Yan , Qiyuan Sun , Yuyi Zheng , Guangyin Zhen

High concentrations of protein wastewater often reduce treatment efficiency due to ammonia inhibition and acid accumulation caused by its low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C/N) after digestion, as well as its complex structure. This study investigates the performance of a microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) driving a protein digestion system with gradually increasing organic loading rates (OLR) of bovine serum albumin, elucidating microbial changes and methanogenic metabolic pathways on bioelectrodes under high OLR “inhibited steady-state” (ISS) conditions. The results showed that the accumulation of ammonia nitrogen (AN) from protein hydrolysis under high OLR conditions disrupted microbial growth and caused cell death on the electrode surface, hindering the electron transfer rate. Toxic AN reduced protein hydrolysis, led to propionate accumulation, inhibiting the acetoclastic methanogenesis process and favoring the hydrogenotrophic pathway. As OLR increased from 6 to 11 gCOD/L, cumulative methane production increased significantly from 450.24 mL to 738.72 mL, while average methane yield and production rate decreased by 10.51 % and 50.28 %, from 375.20 mL/gCOD and 75.04 mL/(gCOD·d) to 335.78 mL/gCOD and 37.31 mL/(gCOD·d), respectively. Despite these declines, the system maintained an ISS. Moderate OLR increases can achieve an ISS, boosting protein waste treatment capacity, methane production, and net energy output (NEO), with an OLR of 6 gCOD/L being optimal for maximizing NEO per unit substrate. These findings provide theoretical insights into the methanogenesis pathway of high OLR proteins in MEC-AD systems and offer an effective method for treating high OLR protein wastewater in future practical applications.

高浓度的蛋白质废水往往会降低处理效率，原因在于其消化后的低碳氮比（C/N）以及复杂的结构会导致氨抑制和酸积累。本研究调查了微生物电解池（MEC）在牛血清白蛋白有机负荷率（OLR）逐渐增加的情况下驱动蛋白质消化系统的性能，阐明了高 OLR "抑制稳态"（ISS）条件下生物电极上的微生物变化和产甲烷代谢途径。结果表明，在高 OLR 条件下，蛋白质水解产生的氨氮（AN）积累破坏了微生物的生长，导致电极表面细胞死亡，阻碍了电子传递速率。有毒的氨氮减少了蛋白质水解，导致丙酸盐积累，抑制了乙酰甲烷生成过程，有利于养氢途径。当 OLR 从 6 gCOD/L 增加到 11 gCOD/L 时，累积甲烷产量从 450.24 mL 显著增加到 738.72 mL，而平均甲烷产量和生产率分别从 375.20 mL/gCOD 和 75.04 mL/(gCOD-d) 下降到 335.78 mL/gCOD 和 37.31 mL/(gCOD-d)，降幅分别为 10.51 % 和 50.28 %。尽管出现了这些下降，但系统仍保持了 ISS。适度增加 OLR 可实现 ISS，提高蛋白质废物处理能力、甲烷产量和净能源产出（NEO），其中 6 gCOD/L 的 OLR 是单位基质净能源产出最大化的最佳值。这些发现为 MEC-AD 系统中高 OLR 蛋白质的产甲烷途径提供了理论依据，并为未来实际应用中处理高 OLR 蛋白质废水提供了有效方法。

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引用次数: 0

Analytical and computer modelling of a thermo-mechanical vapour compression system for space air conditioning in buildings 建筑物空间空调热机械蒸汽压缩系统的分析和计算机建模

IF 9.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119252

Hussein A. Al Khiro, Rabah Boukhanouf

Air conditioning in buildings is essential for providing indoor thermal comfort, but it imposes a significant electrical power load and carbon footprint, particularly when using traditional vapor compression systems. This study investigates an innovative design and thermodynamic analysis of a cooling system that integrates an ejector device into a basic vapour compression cycle and incorporates a thermally driven second-stage compressor, forming the proposed thermo-mechanical vapor compression cooling system. The second-stage compressor operates at constant volume, utilizing thermal energy from an external heat source, such as a thermal solar collector. A MATLAB® model was developed to evaluate key energy performance indices of the cycle for selected commercially available refrigerants, and the effect of external heat source temperature and condenser temperature on the cooler’s thermodynamic performance was studied in detail. Results showed a marked reduction in mechanical compressor work using refrigerants such as R161, R1270, R1234yf, and R1234zeE. For instance, the mechanical energy consumption was reduced by 30.54 %, and the Coefficient of Performance improved by 43.98 % compared to the basic vapor compression cycle, at a condenser temperature of 65 °C and a superheated refrigerant temperature leaving the thermal storage of 100 °C using R1234yf. These findings indicate that the thermo-mechanical vapour compression cooling system offers a promising solution for reducing energy consumption and carbon emissions in buildings, particularly in hot climates.

建筑物中的空调对于提供室内热舒适度至关重要，但它会带来巨大的电力负荷和碳足迹，尤其是在使用传统蒸汽压缩系统时。本研究调查了一种冷却系统的创新设计和热力学分析，该系统将喷射器装置集成到基本的蒸汽压缩循环中，并结合了热驱动二级压缩机，形成了拟议的热机械蒸汽压缩冷却系统。二级压缩机在恒定容积下运行，利用外部热源（如太阳能集热器）的热能。我们开发了一个 MATLAB® 模型，用于评估选定市售制冷剂的循环关键能效指数，并详细研究了外部热源温度和冷凝器温度对冷却器热力学性能的影响。结果表明，使用 R161、R1270、R1234yf 和 R1234zeE 等制冷剂时，压缩机的机械功明显减少。例如，使用 R1234yf 时，与基本的蒸汽压缩循环相比，机械能耗降低了 30.54%，性能系数提高了 43.98%，冷凝器温度为 65 °C，离开蓄热室的过热制冷剂温度为 100 °C。这些研究结果表明，热机械蒸汽压缩冷却系统为减少建筑物的能耗和碳排放提供了一种很有前途的解决方案，尤其是在炎热的气候条件下。

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引用次数: 0

Review of the supercritical water gasification system: Components, challenges and sustainability 超临界水气化系统回顾：组件、挑战和可持续性

IF 9.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management

Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119169

Zhaoxia Mi, Shuzhong Wang, Xinyue Huang, Chengcheng Yang, Fan Zhang, Yanhui Li

The supercritical water gasification system is a novel energy conversion technology that has garnered significant interest in recent years for both research and practical use. The system realizes efficient energy conversion and comprehensive resource use by gasifying various organic molecules under high temperature and pressure settings using supercritical water as the medium. The reactor, which is the central part of the system, is responsible for recycling heat effectively and cleanly. Corrosion and obstruction issues have a direct impact on the gasification process’s performance. Furthermore, the coke generated during the gasification process can react with CO₂ to produce CO, coke formation is avoided in this process, H₂ and CO together are known as syngas.. This can be utilized directly as fuel or converted into a variety of liquid fuels. The potential of supercritical water gasification systems for environmental sustainability and energy conversion are finally discussed, along with the challenges that must be solved before scaling up and going commercial. The purpose of this review is to offer a thorough overview and analysis of the major components of supercritical water gasification systems, including reactor, front-end, and post-treatment processes, in order to offer recommendations and insights for relevant engineering and research projects.

超临界水气化系统是一种新型能源转换技术，近年来在研究和实际应用方面都引起了极大的兴趣。该系统以超临界水为介质，在高温高压条件下气化各种有机分子，实现了能源的高效转化和资源的综合利用。反应器是该系统的核心部分，负责有效、清洁地回收热量。腐蚀和阻塞问题会直接影响气化过程的性能。此外，气化过程中产生的焦炭会与 CO2 反应生成 CO，在此过程中避免了焦炭的形成，H2 和 CO 被称为合成气。合成气可直接用作燃料或转化为各种液体燃料。最后还讨论了超临界水气化系统在环境可持续性和能源转换方面的潜力，以及在扩大规模和商业化之前必须解决的挑战。本综述旨在全面概述和分析超临界水气化系统的主要组成部分，包括反应器、前端和后处理工艺，以便为相关工程和研究项目提供建议和见解。

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引用次数: 0

Comparative analysis of a solar-geothermal system with energy retrofit based on innovative Indexes 基于创新指标的太阳能-地热系统能源改造比较分析

IF 9.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management

Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119238

Jun Li , Gaoyang Hou , Hessam Taherian , Ziyue Ma , Zhengguang Liu , Zeguo Zhang

Integrating multiple renewable energy sources into buildings is essential for achieving a net-zero carbon future, especially within the building sector. This study incorporates a photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) array in a conventional ground source heat pump (GSHP) system and presents four distinct designs that change based on system layouts and energy recovery mechanisms. Two innovative indicators, COPTLR and SCOPTLR, are proposed to effectively measure the efficiency of hybrid energy systems which include GSHPs, as well as to examine the overall utilization ratio of shallow geothermal energy. By applying numerical investigation, long-term systematic analysis is presented along with economic metrics and proposed innovative performance indicators. The findings indicate that the proposed cooling and heating retrofit mechanism, along with the implementation of a schedule control, can reduce the GSHP power consumption by 63.2%. Meanwhile, investment tax credit (ITC) and favorable retail tariffs can lower the long-term levelized cost of energy (LCOE) to 0.077 $/kWh. The minimum values of COPTLR and SCOPTLR in the proposed system are 0.492 and 0.483, respectively. This investigation fully demonstrates the advantages of the designed solar-geothermal system and highlights the effectiveness of the proposed performance indicators.

将多种可再生能源整合到建筑物中对于实现净零碳未来至关重要，尤其是在建筑领域。本研究在传统的地源热泵（GSHP）系统中加入了光伏热能（PVT）阵列，并根据系统布局和能量回收机制的不同提出了四种不同的设计。提出了两个创新指标，即 COPTLR 和 SCOPTLR，以有效衡量包括 GSHP 在内的混合能源系统的效率，并考察浅层地热能的总体利用率。通过应用数值调查，提出了长期系统分析以及经济指标和创新性能指标建议。研究结果表明，建议的制冷和供热改造机制，加上实施计划控制，可将 GSHP 的耗电量降低 63.2%。同时，投资税收抵免（ITC）和优惠的零售电价可将长期平准化能源成本（LCOE）降低到 0.077 美元/千瓦时。拟议系统中 COPTLR 和 SCOPTLR 的最小值分别为 0.492 和 0.483。这项调查充分展示了所设计的太阳能-地热系统的优势，并强调了所提出的性能指标的有效性。

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引用次数: 0

A geographic analysis and techno-economic assessment of renewable heat sources for low-temperature direct air capture in Europe 欧洲低温直接空气捕获可再生热源的地理分析和技术经济评估

IF 9.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management

Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119186

Luc F. Krull , Chad M. Baum , Benjamin K. Sovacool

Integrated assessment model (IAM) scenarios examining pathways to achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement stress the necessity of deploying carbon dioxide removal (CDR) methods, of which direct air capture (DAC) is viewed as one of the most promising. This study undertakes both a geospatial analysis and techno-economic assessment of potential heat sources for DAC to examine the economic impact of different renewable heat source systems on the capture costs of large-scale LT-DAC plants. It does this by determining the location of these plants through the paradigm of identifying the ideal geographic and economic environment for the selected heat sources. Thus, the research aims to answer the following research questions: What heat sources are optimally suited for low-temperature (LT) DAC and what conditions are feasible for setup? Which geographic locations represent the ideal environment within Europe for each heat source? How do the selected heat sources and geographic locations impact the economic viability of LT-DAC? Drawing on Climeworks’ LT-DAC approach as a focal case, the heat sources of geothermal energy, parabolic trough collector (PTC), industrial waste heat (IWH), and high-temperature heat pump (HTHP) were chosen, to be separately deployed in Iceland, Spain, Germany, and Norway, respectively. Spain emerged as a highly promising location for the PTC, IWH, and HTHP systems while Iceland is most suitable for the geothermal, IWH, and HTHP systems. Norway is a promising country mostly for deploying a HTHP system, whereas Germany faces primarily environmental and legal barriers. The techno-economic assessment identified great variation in the LCOD costs for the different heat source systems, with the geothermal energy system exhibiting the lowest costs at 175.63 €/tCO₂ followed by the IWH, PTC, and HTHP systems. Future LCOD costs could potentially see a significant reduction of up to 66 % depending on the heat source system based on projected decreases in DAC CAPEX costs. A cost comparison revealed that current carbon price levels within the European Emission trading scheme are not expected to be sufficiently high enough to drive large investments in the development and scaling of LT-DAC. Cost levels of CCS technologies and LT-DAC could however be comparable, in particular for the geothermal energy system.

综合评估模型（IAM）方案对实现《巴黎协定》目标的途径进行了研究，强调了部署二氧化碳去除（CDR）方法的必要性，其中直接空气捕集（DAC）被视为最有前途的方法之一。本研究对 DAC 的潜在热源进行了地理空间分析和技术经济评估，以研究不同的可再生热源系统对大规模低温直接空气捕集（LT-DAC）工厂捕集成本的经济影响。为此，该研究通过确定所选热源的理想地理和经济环境范例来确定这些工厂的位置。因此，研究旨在回答以下研究问题：哪些热源最适合低温 (LT) DAC，哪些条件下可以安装？对于每种热源，哪些地理位置代表了欧洲的理想环境？所选热源和地理位置对低温空调系统的经济可行性有何影响？以 Climeworks 的 LT-DAC 方法为重点案例，选择了地热能、抛物线槽式集热器 (PTC)、工业余热 (IWH) 和高温热泵 (HTHP) 等热源，分别在冰岛、西班牙、德国和挪威进行部署。就 PTC、IWH 和 HTHP 系统而言，西班牙是极具潜力的地点，而冰岛则最适合地热、IWH 和 HTHP 系统。挪威是最有希望部署高温热电联产系统的国家，而德国则主要面临环境和法律障碍。技术经济评估发现，不同热源系统的 LCOD 成本差异很大，地热能源系统的成本最低，为 175.63 欧元/tCO2，其次是 IWH、PTC 和 HTHP 系统。根据 DAC CAPEX 成本的预计下降情况，未来的 LCOD 成本有可能大幅下降，根据热源系统的不同，降幅可达 66%。成本比较显示，目前欧洲排放交易计划中的碳价格水平预计不会高到足以推动对低温冷凝空调的开发和推广进行大量投资。然而，二氧化碳捕获与储存（CCS）技术和低温多联机空调系统（LT-DAC）的成本水平可以相媲美，尤其是地热能源系统。

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引用次数: 0

Multi-dimensional inequality and energy-carbon technology-related driver of China’s CO2 emission 中国二氧化碳排放的多维不平等与能源碳技术相关驱动因素

IF 9.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management

Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119228

Chong Xu , Shuyang Deng , Yujing Gan , Xiangyi Chen , Jiafu An , Jiandong Chen

As the largest emitter of CO₂, China’s decarbonization efforts have garnered increasing global attention. This study aims to investigate the drivers of carbon inequality that refers to which usually refers to CO₂ emissions between regions or groups across different energy sources and economic sectors, as well as the heterogeneous drivers of energy-carbon technology (e.g., technological changes in energy use and CO₂ emissions). Despite limited attention to these issues, they are crucial for developing effective emission reduction policies for sustainable development. Utilizing the Gini coefficient and production-theoretical decomposition models, we analyze the latest carbon emission inventory of China over 1997–2021, focusing on 17 energy sources and 46 economic sectors. The findings indicate that traditional fossil fuels, such as raw coal, coke, gasoline, and diesel, continue to be the primary contributors to carbon inequality. Production and supply of electric power, steam, and hot water sectors emerge as the largest drivers of carbon inequality among all sectors. Additionally, the potential for energy intensity to reduce emissions has grown increasingly significant, whereas other factors related to efficiency and technology in energy use and CO₂ emissions have shown variability over time. This study underscores the importance of developing differentiated emission reduction policies tailored to specific energy sources and economic sectors in China.

作为全球最大的二氧化碳排放国，中国的去碳化努力日益受到全球关注。本研究旨在调查碳不平等（通常指不同能源和经济部门的地区或群体之间的二氧化碳排放量）的驱动因素，以及能源-碳技术的异质性驱动因素（如能源使用和二氧化碳排放的技术变化）。尽管对这些问题的关注有限，但它们对制定有效的可持续发展减排政策至关重要。利用基尼系数和生产理论分解模型，我们分析了 1997-2021 年中国最新的碳排放清单，重点关注 17 种能源和 46 个经济部门。研究结果表明，原煤、焦炭、汽油和柴油等传统化石燃料仍然是造成碳不平等的主要因素。在所有部门中，电力、蒸汽和热水的生产和供应部门成为碳不平等的最大驱动因素。此外，能源强度的减排潜力日益显著，而与能源使用效率和技术以及二氧化碳排放相关的其他因素则随着时间的推移而变化。本研究强调了针对中国特定能源和经济部门制定差异化减排政策的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Energy development and management in the Middle East: A holistic analysis 中东的能源开发与管理：整体分析

IF 9.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management

Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119124

Simin Tazikeh , Omid Mohammadzadeh , Sohrab Zendehboudi , Noori M. Cata Saady , Talib M. Albayati , Ioannis Chatzis

The Middle East (ME) has undergone substantial changes in the energy landscape in recent years due to considerable variations in energy demand trends, economic/political upheaval, and climate change. The ME energy heavily relies on limited fossil fuel resources, which cause adverse climate change. Considering its geographical location, this region has huge potential for developing clean and sustainable energy resources, which will simultaneously satisfy its increasing energy demand and address climate change concerns. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of non-renewable and renewable energy resources and their current status and future prospects in the ME. Moreover, it discusses in detail the energy utilization, management, and challenges associated with their development in the ME. Further, it examines the adverse effects of energy development on environment and health. The cost of energy development and current market status in the ME are also precisely analyzed. In particular, this review paper systematically assesses the energy policies and frameworks in the ME with consideration of political relations and governmental regulations. The outcomes of this study confirm that energy transition to renewable resources in the ME requires investment, research, and precise frameworks and policies. Therefore, the ME still has to go a long way to reliably count on renewable energy as the main energy source.

近年来，由于能源需求趋势的巨大变化、经济/政治动荡和气候变化，中东（ME）的能源格局发生了巨大变化。中东地区的能源严重依赖于有限的化石燃料资源，而化石燃料资源会导致不利的气候变化。考虑到其地理位置，该地区在开发清洁和可持续能源资源方面潜力巨大，这将同时满足其日益增长的能源需求并解决气候变化问题。本综述全面概述了中东部地区的不可再生能源和可再生能源及其现状和未来前景。此外，它还详细讨论了能源利用、管理以及与中东部地区能源开发相关的挑战。此外，报告还探讨了能源开发对环境和健康的不利影响。报告还精确分析了中东部地区能源开发的成本和市场现状。特别是，本综述文件系统地评估了中东部地区的能源政策和框架，其中考虑到了政治关系和政府法规。研究结果证实，中东部地区向可再生资源的能源转型需要投资、研究以及精确的框架和政策。因此，要可靠地将可再生能源作为主要能源来源，中东部地区还有很长的路要走。

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引用次数: 0

Model benchmarking for PEM Water Electrolyzer for energy management purposes 以能源管理为目的的 PEM 水电解槽模型基准测试

IF 9.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management

Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119203

Ashkan Makhsoos , Mohsen Kandidayeni , Meziane Ait Ziane , Loïc Boulon , Bruno G. Pollet

This research conducts a comprehensive evaluation of various Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzer (PEMWE) models through a test bench, optimizing parameters and comparing obtained models against real-world data. Key operational factors such as reversible potential, activation overpotential, ohmic overpotential, and concentration overpotential are examined through experimental data. This study addresses critical gaps in current PEMWE research by reviewing modelling approaches, introducing a novel classification of models, and proposing an integrated approach that combines experimental validation with comprehensive model analysis. A novel, systematic methodology for model and submodel selection is presented, enabling practitioners to identify models that balance computational efficiency and predictive accuracy tailored to specific energy management and power allocation needs. This approach bridges the gap between complex modelling and industrial applications, enhancing the practical implementation of PEMWE systems in sustainable hydrogen production. Enhances model reliability for operational and manufacturing differences, provides invaluable guidance for improving the design and operation of these systems, and promotes a more robust and efficient hydrogen energy infrastructure.

本研究通过试验台对各种质子交换膜水电解器（PEMWE）模型进行了全面评估，优化了参数，并将获得的模型与实际数据进行了比较。通过实验数据研究了可逆电位、活化过电位、欧姆过电位和浓度过电位等关键运行因素。本研究通过回顾建模方法，引入新的模型分类，并提出一种将实验验证与综合模型分析相结合的综合方法，填补了目前 PEMWE 研究中的重要空白。本文介绍了一种用于选择模型和子模型的新颖、系统的方法，使从业人员能够根据具体的能源管理和电力分配需求，确定兼顾计算效率和预测准确性的模型。这种方法缩小了复杂建模与工业应用之间的差距，增强了 PEMWE 系统在可持续氢气生产中的实际应用。针对操作和制造方面的差异提高模型的可靠性，为改进这些系统的设计和操作提供宝贵的指导，并促进更稳健、更高效的氢能基础设施的发展。

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引用次数: 0

Robust parameter estimation of proton exchange membrane fuel cell using Huber loss statistical function 利用休伯损失统计函数对质子交换膜燃料电池进行稳健参数估计

IF 9.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management

Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119231

Bahaa Saad , Ragab A. El-Sehiemy , Hany M. Hasanien , Mahmoud A. El-Dabah

A key area of research in a promising renewable energy technology called Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) focuses on identifying parameters not provided by manufacturers’ datasheets and developing highly accurate models for PEMFC voltage-current characteristics. In this regard, a precise model is crucial for designing effective PEMFC systems. This study aims to discover the seven unknown parameters of the steady-state model for PEMFCs using a recent optimization algorithm called Educational Competition Optimizer (ECO). The ECO is used to reduce the effects of local optimal stagnation and early convergence, commonly observed in literature approaches. The goal is to improve model parameter correctness by reducing errors between experimental and predicted polarization curves. A robust regression fitness function known as Huber loss is used to decrease inaccuracies between experimentally measured voltages and their corresponding calculated values. The present research examines three test cases of well-known commercial PEMFC units as benchmarks under various steady-state operation situations. The simulation results show that the suggested model is significantly more accurate than the best alternative technique and achieves high closeness to the experimental records. The article compares the ECO against current optimizers in the literature to assess its feasibility. Based on the findings of this study, the prospective Huber loss function increases the optimizer’s resilience and robustness compared to steady-state error.

质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFCs）是一种前景广阔的可再生能源技术，其研究的一个关键领域是确定制造商数据表中未提供的参数，并为 PEMFC 电压-电流特性开发高精度模型。在这方面，精确的模型对于设计有效的 PEMFC 系统至关重要。本研究旨在利用一种名为 "教育竞争优化器（ECO）"的最新优化算法，发现 PEMFC 稳态模型的七个未知参数。ECO 用于减少文献方法中常见的局部最优停滞和早期收敛的影响。其目标是通过减少实验和预测极化曲线之间的误差来提高模型参数的正确性。一种称为 Huber 损失的稳健回归拟合函数用于减少实验测量电压与其相应计算值之间的误差。本研究以知名的商用 PEMFC 装置为基准，在各种稳态运行情况下对三个测试案例进行了检验。仿真结果表明，建议的模型比最佳替代技术精确得多，而且与实验记录非常接近。文章将 ECO 与目前文献中的优化器进行了比较，以评估其可行性。根据研究结果，与稳态误差相比，前瞻性 Huber 损失函数提高了优化器的弹性和鲁棒性。

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