Pub Date : 2026-03-15Epub Date: 2026-01-24DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121107
Daneun Kim , Juneyeol Jung , Jaeheuk Choi , Hoseong Lee
The electrification of heating and domestic hot-water systems in Korean multi-family residential buildings is not well understood, as most studies overlook their distinct hydronic features—low-temperature radiant-floor heating, synchronized DHW demand, and large vertical distribution losses. This study develops an integrated TRNSYS-based dynamic framework that captures these constraints and evaluates stepwise electrification pathways rather than only end-state systems. After screening key design variables to establish realistic boundary conditions, four transition scenarios are assessed: a boiler baseline, a hybrid retrofit with central ASHP DHW, a mixed system with individual ASHP heating and central DHW, and a fully individual ASHP configuration. Results show that the fully individual system delivers the highest seasonal efficiency, reducing primary energy use and CO2 emissions by up to 43% and 41% relative to the baseline. Intermediate stages also offer practical benefits, with hybrid and mixed configurations improving feasibility and reducing gas use under existing hydronic constraints. Overall, the study provides a practical and context-specific assessment framework for electrifying high-density apartment buildings, emphasizing that effective decarbonization requires staged, system-specific transition strategies tailored to Korean building conditions.
{"title":"Dynamic assessment of electrification pathways for heating and hot water in Korean Multi-Family residential buildings","authors":"Daneun Kim , Juneyeol Jung , Jaeheuk Choi , Hoseong Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121107","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121107","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The electrification of heating and domestic hot-water systems in Korean multi-family residential buildings is not well understood, as most studies overlook their distinct hydronic features—low-temperature radiant-floor heating, synchronized DHW demand, and large vertical distribution losses. This study develops an integrated TRNSYS-based dynamic framework that captures these constraints and evaluates stepwise electrification pathways rather than only end-state systems. After screening key design variables to establish realistic boundary conditions, four transition scenarios are assessed: a boiler baseline, a hybrid retrofit with central ASHP DHW, a mixed system with individual ASHP heating and central DHW, and a fully individual ASHP configuration. Results show that the fully individual system delivers the highest seasonal efficiency, reducing primary energy use and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions by up to 43% and 41% relative to the baseline. Intermediate stages also offer practical benefits, with hybrid and mixed configurations improving feasibility and reducing gas use under existing hydronic constraints. Overall, the study provides a practical and context-specific assessment framework for electrifying high-density apartment buildings, emphasizing that effective decarbonization requires staged, system-specific transition strategies tailored to Korean building conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 121107"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-15Epub Date: 2026-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121094
Seongheon Kim , Seonggon Kim , Yong Tae Kang
The photovoltaic thermal (PVT) system is an integrated technology that simultaneously cools photovoltaic (PV) modules and harvests thermal energy for heating applications. Beam-splitting photovoltaic thermal (BSPVT) systems, which utilize spectral beam-splitting technology, have attracted increasing attention for their potential to enhance both electrical and thermal energy efficiency. This study systematically investigates the optimal configuration of a flat-plate BSPVT system, as the role of Fresnel reflection losses in BSPVT performance has received limited attention. A combined theoretical and experimental approach is employed to comprehensively compare the performance of four configurations: PV, PVT, coupled BSPVT, and de-coupled BSPVT systems. The results show that Fresnel reflection significantly affects electrical efficiency, with the de-coupled BSPVT system exhibiting an efficiency reduction of 11.7–19.2% compared with PV modules at the same operating temperature. The coupled BSPVT system demonstrates the highest overall energy efficiency of 88.5% among the configurations, while cooling PV modules to 27 °C at an ambient temperature of 24 °C. Furthermore, when applied to buildings, the coupled BSPVT system achieves annual energy savings of 107.5 MJ/m2 for thermal energy and 59.1 MJ/m2 for electricity, corresponding to 6.0% and 7.3% of total annual thermal and electrical energy consumption, respectively. These findings clarify the impact of Fresnel losses in flat-plate BSPVT design and demonstrate the potential of coupled BSPVT systems for improving building energy efficiency.
{"title":"Flat-plate beam-splitting photovoltaic thermal systems for building energy management applications","authors":"Seongheon Kim , Seonggon Kim , Yong Tae Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121094","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The photovoltaic thermal (PVT) system is an integrated technology that simultaneously cools photovoltaic (PV) modules and harvests thermal energy for heating applications. Beam-splitting photovoltaic thermal (BSPVT) systems, which utilize spectral beam-splitting technology, have attracted increasing attention for their potential to enhance both electrical and thermal energy efficiency. This study systematically investigates the optimal configuration of a flat-plate BSPVT system, as the role of Fresnel reflection losses in BSPVT performance has received limited attention. A combined theoretical and experimental approach is employed to comprehensively compare the performance of four configurations: PV, PVT, coupled BSPVT, and de-coupled BSPVT systems. The results show that Fresnel reflection significantly affects electrical efficiency, with the de-coupled BSPVT system exhibiting an efficiency reduction of 11.7–19.2% compared with PV modules at the same operating temperature. The coupled BSPVT system demonstrates the highest overall energy efficiency of 88.5% among the configurations, while cooling PV modules to 27 °C at an ambient temperature of 24 °C. Furthermore, when applied to buildings, the coupled BSPVT system achieves annual energy savings of 107.5 MJ/m<sup>2</sup> for thermal energy and 59.1 MJ/m<sup>2</sup> for electricity, corresponding to 6.0% and 7.3% of total annual thermal and electrical energy consumption, respectively. These findings clarify the impact of Fresnel losses in flat-plate BSPVT design and demonstrate the potential of coupled BSPVT systems for improving building energy efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 121094"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-15Epub Date: 2026-01-22DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121085
Mostafa R. Abukhadra , Sherouk M. Ibrahim , Sobhy M. Yakout , Mohamed E. El-Zaidy , Ahmed A. Abdeltawa
{"title":"Corrigendum to “Synthesis of Na+ trapped bentonite/zeolite-P composite as a novel catalyst for effective production of biodiesel from palm oil; Effect of ultrasonic irradiation and mechanism” [Energy Convers. Manag. 196 (2019) 739–750]","authors":"Mostafa R. Abukhadra , Sherouk M. Ibrahim , Sobhy M. Yakout , Mohamed E. El-Zaidy , Ahmed A. Abdeltawa","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121085","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121085","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 121085"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-15Epub Date: 2026-01-31DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121138
Nabanita Ghosh, Gopinath Halder
In this study, a novel catalyst was contrived from disposed cigarette butt through hydrothermal carbonization and applied in a catalytic esterification method to transform waste cooking oil (WCO) into biodiesel. The physicochemical attributes of the catalyst were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), XPS (X-ray photon electroscopy), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), BET, and NH3-TPD. The resulting catalyst has a surface area of 51.2 m2/g and a pore volume of 0.2470 cm3/g. Optimizing the process parameters as follows: methanol to oil ratio of 12:1, catalyst 6 wt%, reaction temperature 60℃, and reaction time 100 min by means of Response Surface Methodology (RSM), a remarkable biodiesel production of 97.14% was accomplished. The reaction proceeded with a moderately low activation energy of 52.360 kJ/mol. The catalyst exhibited excellent physical stability and reactivity, maintaining performance over eight consecutive cycles with 83.53% conversion. The catalyst’s efficacy in producing biodiesel from WCO was further advocated by 1H NMR and 13C NMR test. The cost of the engineered catalyst and waste cooking oil methyl ester (WCOME) was $5.53/kg and $0.61/L, subsequently implying its economic adaptability. The proposed catalyst was endorsed as an effective and sustainable catalyst for WCOME synthesis via esterification based on the Environment-factor (E-factor) and Turn Over Frequency (TOF). The preparation of a hydrothermally carbonized catalyst from waste cigarette butts for biodiesel production is a noteworthy example of innovative recycling and sustainable energy production.
{"title":"Transforming discarded cigarette butts into novel hydrochar catalyst towards biodiesel synthesis from waste cooking oil: a trash-to-treasure approach","authors":"Nabanita Ghosh, Gopinath Halder","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121138","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121138","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a novel catalyst was contrived from disposed cigarette butt through hydrothermal carbonization and applied in a catalytic esterification method to transform waste cooking oil (WCO) into biodiesel. The physicochemical attributes of the catalyst were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), XPS (X-ray photon electroscopy), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), BET, and NH<sub>3</sub>-TPD. The resulting catalyst has a surface area of 51.2 m<sup>2</sup>/g and a pore volume of 0.2470 cm<sup>3</sup>/g. Optimizing the process parameters as follows: methanol to oil ratio of 12:1, catalyst 6 wt%, reaction temperature 60℃, and reaction time 100 min by means of Response Surface Methodology (RSM), a remarkable biodiesel production of 97.14% was accomplished. The reaction proceeded with a moderately low activation energy of 52.360 kJ/mol. The catalyst exhibited excellent physical stability and reactivity, maintaining performance over eight consecutive cycles with 83.53% conversion. The catalyst’s efficacy in producing biodiesel from WCO was further advocated by <sup>1</sup>H NMR and <sup>13</sup>C NMR test. The cost of the engineered catalyst and waste cooking oil methyl ester (WCOME) was $5.53/kg and $0.61/L, subsequently implying its economic adaptability. The proposed catalyst was endorsed as an effective and sustainable catalyst for WCOME synthesis via esterification based on the Environment-factor (E-factor) and Turn Over Frequency (TOF). The preparation of a hydrothermally carbonized catalyst from waste cigarette butts for biodiesel production is a noteworthy example of innovative recycling and sustainable energy production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 121138"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146075359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-15Epub Date: 2026-01-29DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121103
Congyi Wang , Zhaoyuan Wu , Linyan Yang , Runkai Song , Cong Wu , Ming Zhou
Driven by dual-carbon targets, the rapid expansion of distributed photovoltaic systems has intensified the challenge of local consumption, making high self-consumption ratios a major policy priority. Nevertheless, excessively high ratios may lead to over-deployment of energy storage and inefficient photovoltaic investment, which in turn diminishes the expected benefits of carbon emission reduction. This study addresses this carbon efficiency paradox by proposing an industry-specific optimization framework that balances economic performance and carbon reduction. To test this hypothesis, an industry-oriented two-stage optimization framework is established to jointly optimize storage deployment and self-consumption ratios under dynamic carbon constraints. The optimization is a mixed-integer linear programming problem solved in MATLAB R2021a. The results show that optimal self-consumption ratios generally range between 0.63 and 0.66 and vary across industries. Flexible sectors, such as agriculture, benefit from higher ratios, whereas excessive self-consumption increases costs and emissions through storage overuse. Dynamic carbon-coupled pricing improves both decarbonization and economic outcomes, especially in load-elastic sectors. These findings highlight the need for tailored regulations, balanced storage deployment, and context-specific pricing to maximize carbon and economic benefits.
{"title":"Revealing the carbon efficiency paradox in distributed photovoltaic self-consumption: industry-specific optimization of storage and self-consumption","authors":"Congyi Wang , Zhaoyuan Wu , Linyan Yang , Runkai Song , Cong Wu , Ming Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121103","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121103","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Driven by dual-carbon targets, the rapid expansion of distributed photovoltaic systems has intensified the challenge of local consumption, making high self-consumption ratios a major policy priority. Nevertheless, excessively high ratios may lead to over-deployment of energy storage and inefficient photovoltaic investment, which in turn diminishes the expected benefits of carbon emission reduction. This study addresses this carbon efficiency paradox by proposing an industry-specific optimization framework that balances economic performance and carbon reduction. To test this hypothesis, an industry-oriented two-stage optimization framework is established to jointly optimize storage deployment and self-consumption ratios under dynamic carbon constraints. The optimization is a mixed-integer linear programming problem solved in MATLAB R2021a. The results show that optimal self-consumption ratios generally range between 0.63 and 0.66 and vary across industries. Flexible sectors, such as agriculture, benefit from higher ratios, whereas excessive self-consumption increases costs and emissions through storage overuse. Dynamic carbon-coupled pricing improves both decarbonization and economic outcomes, especially in load-elastic sectors. These findings highlight the need for tailored regulations, balanced storage deployment, and context-specific pricing to maximize carbon and economic benefits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 121103"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146072122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-15Epub Date: 2026-01-15DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121062
Fenggang Wang , Jiwei Guo , Yanfang Liu , Wenke Zheng , Yiqiang Jiang , Cheng Sun
The integration of radiative sky cooling and evaporative cooling presents a promising approach for building energy conservation, yet effectively coupling these mechanisms to achieve high cooling power density remains challenging. The novelty of this work lies in proposing a hybrid cooling system with a novel system layout, which achieves synergistic integration of radiative and evaporative processes. Herein, this study proposes and compares two hybrid radiative evaporative cooling configurations: the direct-above radiative cooling spray evaporative device (RCSE-DA) and the side-level radiative cooling spray evaporative device (RCSE-SL). Experimental results demonstrate that the RCSE-DA configuration achieves significantly higher cooling power density, exceeding RCSE-SL by 144.83% during daytime and 128.43% at night, attributed to a structural additional cooling power of RCSE-DA. Increasing the circulating flow rate from 0.5 to 2.5 L/min enhanced the total cooling power, with RCSE-DA reaching a notable daytime cooling power density of 668.99 at the maximum flow rate. Benefit from the shading effect of the radiative panel, RCSE-DA also exhibited more stable performance under varying spray flow rates and solar irradiation conditions, with a low evaporation water ratio. Economic analysis revealed a shorter dynamic payback period for RCSE-DA (4.30 years) compared to RCSE-SL (5.30 years) under a 120 installation scenario in data center. This study confirms the significant energy-saving potential and economic benefits of the RCSE system, providing theoretical support for promoting radiative cooling technology in building applications.
{"title":"Comparative experimental study on integrated radiative and evaporative cooling: Performance and economic benefits","authors":"Fenggang Wang , Jiwei Guo , Yanfang Liu , Wenke Zheng , Yiqiang Jiang , Cheng Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The integration of radiative sky cooling and evaporative cooling presents a promising approach for building energy conservation, yet effectively coupling these mechanisms to achieve high cooling power density remains challenging. The novelty of this work lies in proposing a hybrid cooling system with a novel system layout, which achieves synergistic integration of radiative and evaporative processes. Herein, this study proposes and compares two hybrid radiative evaporative cooling configurations: the direct-above radiative cooling spray evaporative device (RCSE-DA) and the side-level radiative cooling spray evaporative device (RCSE-SL). Experimental results demonstrate that the RCSE-DA configuration achieves significantly higher cooling power density, exceeding RCSE-SL by 144.83% during daytime and 128.43% at night, attributed to a structural additional cooling power of RCSE-DA. Increasing the circulating flow rate from 0.5 to 2.5 L/min enhanced the total cooling power, with RCSE-DA reaching a notable daytime cooling power density of 668.99 <span><math><mrow><mi>W</mi><mo>/</mo><msup><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> at the maximum flow rate. Benefit from the shading effect of the radiative panel, RCSE-DA also exhibited more stable performance under varying spray flow rates and solar irradiation conditions, with a low evaporation water ratio. Economic analysis revealed a shorter dynamic payback period for RCSE-DA (4.30 years) compared to RCSE-SL (5.30 years) under a 120 <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> installation scenario in data center. This study confirms the significant energy-saving potential and economic benefits of the RCSE system, providing theoretical support for promoting radiative cooling technology in building applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 121062"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145976434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-15Epub Date: 2026-01-17DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121066
Yan Wang , Simon C. Warder , Ellyess F. Benmoufok , Andrew Wynn , Oliver R.H. Buxton , Iain Staffell , Matthew D. Piggott
Reanalysis datasets have become indispensable tools for wind resource assessment and wind power simulation, offering long-term and spatially continuous wind fields across large regions. However, they inherently contain systematic wind speed biases arising from various factors, including simplified physical parameterizations, observational uncertainties, and limited spatial resolution. Among these, low spatial resolution poses a particular challenge for capturing local variability accurately. Whereas prevailing industry practice generally relies on either no bias correction or coarse, nationally uniform adjustments, we extend and thoroughly analyse a recently proposed spatially resolved, cluster-based bias correction framework. This approach is designed to better account for local heterogeneity and is applied to 319 wind farms across the United Kingdom to evaluate its effectiveness. Results show that this method reduced monthly wind power simulation errors by more than 32% compared to the uncorrected ERA5 reanalysis dataset. The method is further applied to the MERRA-2 dataset for comparative evaluation, demonstrating its effectiveness and robustness for different reanalysis products. In contrast to prior studies, which rarely quantify the influence of topography on reanalysis biases, this research presents a detailed spatial mapping of bias correction factors across the UK. The analysis reveals that for wind energy applications, ERA5 wind speed errors exhibit strong spatial variability, with the most significant underestimations in the Scottish Highlands and mountainous areas of Wales. These findings highlight the importance of explicitly accounting for geographic variability when correcting reanalysis wind speeds, and provide new insights into region-specific bias patterns relevant for high-resolution wind energy modelling.
{"title":"Geographic variability in reanalysis wind speed biases: A high-resolution bias correction approach for UK wind energy","authors":"Yan Wang , Simon C. Warder , Ellyess F. Benmoufok , Andrew Wynn , Oliver R.H. Buxton , Iain Staffell , Matthew D. Piggott","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121066","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reanalysis datasets have become indispensable tools for wind resource assessment and wind power simulation, offering long-term and spatially continuous wind fields across large regions. However, they inherently contain systematic wind speed biases arising from various factors, including simplified physical parameterizations, observational uncertainties, and limited spatial resolution. Among these, low spatial resolution poses a particular challenge for capturing local variability accurately. Whereas prevailing industry practice generally relies on either no bias correction or coarse, nationally uniform adjustments, we extend and thoroughly analyse a recently proposed spatially resolved, cluster-based bias correction framework. This approach is designed to better account for local heterogeneity and is applied to 319 wind farms across the United Kingdom to evaluate its effectiveness. Results show that this method reduced monthly wind power simulation errors by more than 32% compared to the uncorrected ERA5 reanalysis dataset. The method is further applied to the MERRA-2 dataset for comparative evaluation, demonstrating its effectiveness and robustness for different reanalysis products. In contrast to prior studies, which rarely quantify the influence of topography on reanalysis biases, this research presents a detailed spatial mapping of bias correction factors across the UK. The analysis reveals that for wind energy applications, ERA5 wind speed errors exhibit strong spatial variability, with the most significant underestimations in the Scottish Highlands and mountainous areas of Wales. These findings highlight the importance of explicitly accounting for geographic variability when correcting reanalysis wind speeds, and provide new insights into region-specific bias patterns relevant for high-resolution wind energy modelling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 121066"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145976433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-15Epub Date: 2026-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121101
Mei Wang , Guoming Wen , Lang Liu , Shuangming Wang
As a strategic alternative to conventional oil and gas resources, tar-rich coal, coupled with its low-carbon in-situ extraction technologies, is rapidly emerging as a pivotal focus for sustainable energy development. This study presents an innovative tower type solar in-situ pyrolysis system for tar-rich coal (TS-IPS/TRC) to significantly reduce energy consumption in tar-rich coal extraction. A transient multiphysics model, integrating solar thermal conversion, nitrogen mediated heat transfer, and pyrolysis reaction kinetics, was constructed to investigate the influence of two critical operating parameters, nitrogen temperature and flow rate, on the dynamic behavior of the system. The results demonstrate that the heating rate during the initial pyrolysis stage is more responsive to variations in flow rate. Spatially, increasing the flow rate significantly enhance the heating effect near the injection well, while the effect gradually diminish in the regions farther away from the injection well. In accordance with system operational requirements, the optimal pyrolysis temperature was ascertained to be 983.15 K under a 24–hour cyclic operation strategy. In light of the temporal variations in solar energy, three operational approaches were subjected to rigorous evaluation. The results reveal that intermittent operation coupled with an elevated inlet temperature and a reduced flow rate of the heat transfer medium significantly enhances techno–economic performance. The intermittent heating mode effectively improves temperature uniformity within the pyrolysis zone. A 12–hour cyclic operation strategy is recommended. Increasing the inlet temperature from 933.15 K to 1033.15 K and decreasing the inlet flow velocity from 5 m/s to 2 m/s substantially increases the gas production rate by 61 %. The TS-IPS/TRC system can reduce power consumption by 61 % and decrease carbon emissions by 2.52 × 108 kg under the pyrolysis condition of 80 % of tar-rich coal. The proposed system demonstrates great potential in terms of energy conservation and emission reduction by pioneering a novel method for sustainable extraction of tar-rich coal in a low-carbon way.
{"title":"Dynamic modelling and characteristics analysis of a novel in situ tar-rich coal pyrolysis mining system driven by solar energy","authors":"Mei Wang , Guoming Wen , Lang Liu , Shuangming Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121101","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121101","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a strategic alternative to conventional oil and gas resources, tar-rich coal, coupled with its low-carbon in-situ extraction technologies, is rapidly emerging as a pivotal focus for sustainable energy development. This study presents an innovative tower type solar in-situ pyrolysis system for tar-rich coal (TS-IPS/TRC) to significantly reduce energy consumption in tar-rich coal extraction. A transient multiphysics model, integrating solar thermal conversion, nitrogen mediated heat transfer, and pyrolysis reaction kinetics, was constructed to investigate the influence of two critical operating parameters, nitrogen temperature and flow rate, on the dynamic behavior of the system. The results demonstrate that the heating rate during the initial pyrolysis stage is more responsive to variations in flow rate. Spatially, increasing the flow rate significantly enhance the heating effect near the injection well, while the effect gradually diminish in the regions farther away from the injection well. In accordance with system operational requirements, the optimal pyrolysis temperature was ascertained to be 983.15 K under a 24–hour cyclic operation strategy. In light of the temporal variations in solar energy, three operational approaches were subjected to rigorous evaluation. The results reveal that intermittent operation coupled with an elevated inlet temperature and a reduced flow rate of the heat transfer medium significantly enhances techno–economic performance. The intermittent heating mode effectively improves temperature uniformity within the pyrolysis zone. A 12–hour cyclic operation strategy is recommended. Increasing the inlet temperature from 933.15 K to 1033.15 K and decreasing the inlet flow velocity from 5 m/s to 2 m/s substantially increases the gas production rate by 61 %. The TS-IPS/TRC system can reduce power consumption by 61 % and decrease carbon emissions by 2.52 × 10<sup>8</sup> kg under the pyrolysis condition of 80 % of tar-rich coal. The proposed system demonstrates great potential in terms of energy conservation and emission reduction by pioneering a novel method for sustainable extraction of tar-rich coal in a low-carbon way.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 121101"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146033472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-15Epub Date: 2026-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121055
Talie Tohidi Moghadam , Brian Norton , Ken Bruton , Dominic T.J. O’Sullivan
Reducing heating-related energy demand in buildings is a critical step toward decarbonisation. This study investigates the feasibility of using unglazed transpired solar collectors to pre-heat ventilation air. It is hypothesised that such systems can significantly lower energy use and carbon emissions while offering economic benefits. An experimental unglazed transpired solar collectors system was installed in a university building in Cork, Ireland, and its performance was evaluated through real-time measurements and validated against simulations using the “RETScreen Expert” tool. The validated model was then scaled to a full-facade application (163 m2), estimating a 24% reduction in annual heating energy use and a 23.4% decrease in greenhouse gas emissions. The system demonstrated a simple payback period of 10.3 years and an internal rate of return of 12.2% on equity. However, the financial outcomes remain closely linked to future heating fuel price trends, and the exclusion of auxiliary equipment costs (e.g., ducts, fans, filters) reflects a focus on core system performance based on reliably available data. These findings highlight the potential of unglazed transpired solar collectors for energy savings and emissions reduction, while also identifying areas for further research and detailed cost modelling.
{"title":"Performance and viability of transpired solar collectors for pre-heating ventilation air","authors":"Talie Tohidi Moghadam , Brian Norton , Ken Bruton , Dominic T.J. O’Sullivan","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121055","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121055","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reducing heating-related energy demand in buildings is a critical step toward decarbonisation. This study investigates the feasibility of using unglazed transpired solar collectors to pre-heat ventilation air. It is hypothesised that such systems can significantly lower energy use and carbon emissions while offering economic benefits. An experimental unglazed transpired solar collectors system was installed in a university building in Cork, Ireland, and its performance was evaluated through real-time measurements and validated against simulations using the “RETScreen Expert” tool. The validated model was then scaled to a full-facade application (163 m<sup>2</sup>), estimating a 24% reduction in annual heating energy use and a 23.4% decrease in greenhouse gas emissions. The system demonstrated a simple payback period of 10.3 years and an internal rate of return of 12.2% on equity. However, the financial outcomes remain closely linked to future heating fuel price trends, and the exclusion of auxiliary equipment costs (e.g., ducts, fans, filters) reflects a focus on core system performance based on reliably available data. These findings highlight the potential of unglazed transpired solar collectors for energy savings and emissions reduction, while also identifying areas for further research and detailed cost modelling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 121055"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146033475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-15DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121362
Guiyue Duan, Shadya Gamal, Fernando Porté-Agel
Vertical staggering can enhance wind farm power output, yet its full potential remains incompletely characterized. This experimental study systematically evaluates the possibility of improving the efficacy of vertical staggering by integrating hub height distribution, horizontal alignment, rotor size arrangement and yaw control in a five-turbine array. Wake measurements via particle image velocimetry are conducted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. The results show that adjusting the hub height distribution while maintaining a constant average height increases power production by 23%. Combining vertical and horizontal staggering yields up to 19% additional power gain relative to the purely horizontally staggered layout. The two selected yaw sets yield peak power gains of 17% in vertically staggered, horizontally aligned arrays, and 40% in vertically and horizontally staggered configurations. In multi-rotor-size configurations, altering hub height distribution—particularly through the placement of lower small-scale turbines—and applying yaw control further enhance power production, with small-scale turbines identified as the primary contributors to the observed gains under yawed conditions. Wake analysis reveals that in uniform-rotor-size farms, altering hub height redistributes wake velocity and turbulence intensity, which can enhance the vertical entrainment of kinetic energy, especially in checker height distributions. In multi-rotor-size farms, wake characteristics are dominated by the large-scale turbines; using low small-scale turbines enhances kinetic energy extraction in regions below the hub heights of large-scale ones. This study reveals the considerable, underexplored potential of vertical staggering, shedding new light on pathways to optimize wind farm configuration and thus power performance. This study identifies a significant potential for vertical staggering to enhance power performance through multi-dimensional misalignment and yaw control.
{"title":"Unlocking the potential of vertically staggered wind farms through multi-dimensional misalignment and yaw control","authors":"Guiyue Duan, Shadya Gamal, Fernando Porté-Agel","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121362","url":null,"abstract":"Vertical staggering can enhance wind farm power output, yet its full potential remains incompletely characterized. This experimental study systematically evaluates the possibility of improving the efficacy of vertical staggering by integrating hub height distribution, horizontal alignment, rotor size arrangement and yaw control in a five-turbine array. Wake measurements via particle image velocimetry are conducted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. The results show that adjusting the hub height distribution while maintaining a constant average height increases power production by 23%. Combining vertical and horizontal staggering yields up to 19% additional power gain relative to the purely horizontally staggered layout. The two selected yaw sets yield peak power gains of 17% in vertically staggered, horizontally aligned arrays, and 40% in vertically and horizontally staggered configurations. In multi-rotor-size configurations, altering hub height distribution—particularly through the placement of lower small-scale turbines—and applying yaw control further enhance power production, with small-scale turbines identified as the primary contributors to the observed gains under yawed conditions. Wake analysis reveals that in uniform-rotor-size farms, altering hub height redistributes wake velocity and turbulence intensity, which can enhance the vertical entrainment of kinetic energy, especially in checker height distributions. In multi-rotor-size farms, wake characteristics are dominated by the large-scale turbines; using low small-scale turbines enhances kinetic energy extraction in regions below the hub heights of large-scale ones. This study reveals the considerable, underexplored potential of vertical staggering, shedding new light on pathways to optimize wind farm configuration and thus power performance. This study identifies a significant potential for vertical staggering to enhance power performance through multi-dimensional misalignment and yaw control.","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147464770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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