Energy Conversion and Management最新文献_第7页

Spatially-optimized photovoltaic site selection in Algeria: Assessing solar potential using high-resolution data, GIS, and multicriteria analysis 阿尔及利亚空间优化光伏选址：利用高分辨率数据、地理信息系统和多标准分析评估太阳能潜力

IF 9.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management

Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119176

Y. Halimi , S. Halimi , Z. Bouzid , N. Ghellai

The identification of appropriate locations for photovoltaic (PV) solar power plants presents a multifaceted challenge that entails a complex interplay of diverse criteria. Algeria, which has a clear advantage in becoming a major player in the field of solar energy production, has in recent years intensified programs aimed at taking full advantage of this potential. Therefore, in order to provide the necessary assistance to the government and all the operators wishing to install photovoltaic systems in this country, this paper aims to present a research methodology that combines Geographic Information System (GIS) analysis, Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) techniques, and off-site measurements to identify the most suitable sites for off-grid PV facilities installation across Algeria. However, before reaching the main objective, a refined digital elevation model (DEM) was developed. In addition, monthly mean values of global daily horizontal and tilted irradiance for a typical meteorological year were calculated, facilitating the mapping of these two quantities over the 12 months. Finally, the annual sum of photovoltaic energy produced by a PV power plant with a total installed capacity of

1 MWp

was calculated, ranging from

1535 MWh / MWp

to

2051 MWh / MWp

per year depending on geographic location. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to evaluate multiple criteria and prioritize the most suitable areas, classifying Algeria into seven distinct grades: “Somewhat suitable”, covering 36.4030% of the total country, followed by “Moderately suitable” at 32.4613% and “Very suitable” at 11.2877%. “Marginally suitable” lands comprise 15.8632%, while “Highly suitable” and “Minimally suitable” areas account for 2.0042% and 1.7342%, respectively. The “Extremely suitable” sites cover the smallest area at 0.2463% and are located primarily in the Southeast and East–Southeast regions. The outcome of this research is an updated Solar Atlas of Algeria and a high-resolution suitability map showing the spatio-temporal variability of PV potential across the country.

为光伏太阳能发电厂确定合适的地点是一个多方面的挑战，需要各种标准的复杂相互作用。阿尔及利亚在成为太阳能生产领域的主要参与者方面具有明显的优势，近年来加强了旨在充分利用这一潜力的计划。因此，为了向政府和所有希望在该国安装光伏系统的运营商提供必要的帮助，本文旨在介绍一种研究方法，该方法结合了地理信息系统（GIS）分析、多标准决策（MCDM）技术和非现场测量，以确定最适合在阿尔及利亚各地安装离网光伏设施的地点。不过，在实现主要目标之前，还开发了一个完善的数字高程模型（DEM）。此外，还计算了典型气象年的全球日水平辐照度和倾斜辐照度的月平均值，以便绘制这两个数据在 12 个月内的分布图。最后，计算了总装机容量为 1MWp 的光伏电站每年生产的光伏能源总和，根据地理位置的不同，每年的总和从 1535MWh/MWp 到 2051MWh/MWp。采用层次分析法（AHP）对多个标准进行评估，并对最适合的地区进行优先排序，将阿尔及利亚划分为七个不同的等级："比较适宜 "占全国总面积的 36.4030%，其次是 "中等适宜"，占 32.4613%，"非常适宜 "占 11.2877%。"略微适宜 "的土地占 15.8632%，"非常适宜 "和 "极不适宜 "的土地分别占 2.0042% 和 1.7342%。极度适宜 "地块面积最小，仅占 0.2463%，主要分布在东南部和东南东部地区。这项研究的成果是更新的阿尔及利亚太阳能地图集和高分辨率适宜性地图，显示了全国光伏发电潜力的时空变化。

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引用次数: 0

Probabilistic online learning framework for short-term wind power forecasting using ensemble bagging regression model 利用集合袋式回归模型进行短期风电预测的概率在线学习框架

IF 9.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management

Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119142

Arun Kumar Nayak , Kailash Chand Sharma , Rohit Bhakar , Harpal Tiwari

The increasing penetration of renewable energy sources, with a notable focus on wind power, within modern electricity grids requires computationally efficient and burden-free short-term wind power forecasting models. Traditional models generating prediction intervals are trained offline and thus deployed for prediction purposes. However, this approach cannot obtain interval forecasts from the most recent wind power observations. In contrast, combining multiple regression models through ensemble learning is recognised as a successful method for improving forecasting performance. By utilising the most recent observations and exploiting the strengths of multiple regression models, this article investigates an Online Ensemble Bagging Regression (OEBR) model for generating prediction intervals. Online gradient descent based optimisation algorithms capable of adaptive-depth calculation from a stream of observations are used here to address the problems with traditional batch learning frameworks. The proposed online learning framework is evaluated against other online learning frameworks using publicly accessible datasets. The results show the proposed model competes with the compared models regarding probabilistic metrics and energy estimations and outperforms computational time requirements for the same number of observations.

可再生能源在现代电网中的渗透率越来越高，尤其是风力发电，这就需要计算效率高、无负担的短期风力发电预测模型。生成预测区间的传统模型是离线训练的，因此可用于预测目的。然而，这种方法无法从最新的风力观测数据中获得区间预测。相比之下，通过集合学习组合多重回归模型被认为是提高预测性能的成功方法。通过利用最新观测数据并发挥多重回归模型的优势，本文研究了用于生成预测区间的在线集合袋式回归（OEBR）模型。基于梯度下降的在线优化算法能够根据观测数据流进行自适应深度计算，从而解决传统批量学习框架存在的问题。利用可公开访问的数据集，对所提出的在线学习框架与其他在线学习框架进行了评估。结果表明，在概率指标和能量估计方面，所提出的模型可与其他模型相媲美，而且在观测数据数量相同的情况下，所需的计算时间更短。

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引用次数: 0

Efficient framework for energy management of microgrid installed in Aljouf region considering renewable energy and electric vehicles 考虑到可再生能源和电动汽车，在 Aljouf 地区安装的微电网能源管理高效框架

IF 9.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119212

Ahmed Fathy

This paper proposes an efficient one-to-one-based optimizer as a new energy management method for a grid-connected microgrid in order to address both environmental and economic concerns. The suggested approach is distinguished by its robust exploration capabilities that allow the technique to reach the global solution and avoid local ones, along with its ease of deployment. The microgrid under consideration consists of conventional resources, microturbine, fuel cell, storage batteries, and electric vehicles, as well as renewable energy sources like photovoltaic and wind turbine. Real-time 24-hour solar irradiance, wind speed, and air temperature data of Sakaka, Aljouf region in Saudi Arabia located at 29° 58′ 15.13″N latitude and 40° 12′ 18.03″E longitude are utilized while the stochastic natures of renewable resources have been modeled using Beta and Weibull probability distribution functions. Various scenarios of renewable resources’ generations as well as electric vehicle’s charging states are analyzed. A thorough comparison is made with the published krill herd optimizer, in addition to other programmed algorithms such as grey wolf optimizer, Runge Kutta optimization, salp swarm algorithm, hippopotamus optimization algorithm, and Newton Raphson based optimizer. Also, the suggested approach is validated statistically through the use of Kruskal Wallis, Friedman, ANOVA, and Wilcoxon rank tests. With renewable resources working normally, the recommended strategy outperformed the published krill herd optimizer in terms of operating cost savings and emission reductions, which were 53.85 % and 46.62 %, respectively. While during the rated operation of renewable resources, the net savings and emission reductions were 10.14 % and 38.91 %, respectively. Additionally, the greatest cost savings during connecting electric vehicles at smart charging mode was 55.69 % as compared to the published approach. The suggested strategy can be recommended as an effective method for managing microgrid energy.

本文提出了一种高效的一对一优化器，作为并网型微电网的一种新的能源管理方法，以解决环境和经济问题。所建议的方法具有强大的探索能力，能够找到全局解决方案，避免局部解决方案，而且易于部署。所考虑的微电网包括常规资源、微型涡轮机、燃料电池、蓄电池和电动汽车，以及光伏和风力涡轮机等可再生能源。利用位于北纬 29° 58′ 15.13″ 和东经 40° 12′ 18.03″ 的沙特阿拉伯 Aljouf 地区 Sakaka 的 24 小时实时太阳辐照度、风速和气温数据，并使用 Beta 和 Weibull 概率分布函数对可再生资源的随机性质进行建模。分析了可再生资源发电的各种情况以及电动汽车的充电状态。除了灰狼优化算法、Runge Kutta 优化算法、salp swarm 算法、河马优化算法和基于牛顿-拉斐逊的优化算法等其他编程算法外，还与已发布的磷虾群优化算法进行了全面比较。此外，还通过使用 Kruskal Wallis、Friedman、方差分析和 Wilcoxon 秩检验对建议的方法进行了统计验证。在可再生资源正常运行的情况下，推荐的策略在运营成本节约和减排量方面优于已发布的磷虾群优化器，分别为 53.85 % 和 46.62 %。而在可再生资源额定运行期间，净节约率和减排率分别为 10.14 % 和 38.91 %。此外，与已公布的方法相比，在智能充电模式下连接电动汽车时可节省 55.69% 的成本。建议的策略可作为微电网能源管理的有效方法加以推荐。

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引用次数: 0

Cutting-edge biomass gasification technologies for renewable energy generation and achieving net zero emissions 用于可再生能源发电和实现净零排放的尖端生物质气化技术

IF 9.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119213

Farooq Sher , Saman Hameed , Narcisa Smječanin Omerbegović , Alexander Chupin , Irfan Ul Hai , Bohong Wang , Yew Heng Teoh , Magdalena Joka Yildiz

Biomass gasification is a significant technology for the production of bioenergy. A deeper understanding of biomass gasification is crucial, especially regarding its role in bioenergy carbon capture and storage and its contribution to achieving net-zero emissions. This novel review encompasses gasification processes, novel design technologies, advanced syngas cleaning strategies, scalability challenges, techno-economic analysis, societal and environmental aspects of biomass gasification for achieving net-zero emissions. Biomass gasification typically occurs within temperatures (500 to 1000 °C), pressures (0.98 to 2.94 atm), S/B (0.3–1), residence time (few minutes), moisture content (below 35%) and with or without the presence of a catalyst. It is found that optimizing the gasification key parameters significantly reduces impurities content. Gasifier design affects tar content significantly: updraft gasifiers produce the most tar (about 100 g/Nm³), downdraft gasifiers the least (around 1 g/Nm³) and fluidized-bed gasifiers have intermediate levels (around 10 g/Nm³). Physical-mechanical methods achieve 99% efficiency but reduce energy conversion and generate hazardous waste. Thermal and catalytic cracking methods offer up to 98–100% efficiency, with nickel-based catalysts being highly effective. Biomass gasification has attained a Technology Readiness Level (TRL) of 8–9, demonstrating its feasibility for large-scale implementation. However, it incurs a 15% cost increase and requires additional advancements to address technical and economic challenges. Furthermore, converting syngas into valuable products is vital for achieving negative GHG emissions. Continued research is essential to enhance the overall efficacy of the gasification process. Developing innovative approaches that efficiently valorize all gasification by-products is crucial for enabling widespread adoption in the global market.

生物质气化是生产生物能源的一项重要技术。深入了解生物质气化技术至关重要，尤其是其在生物能源碳捕集与封存中的作用及其对实现净零排放的贡献。这篇新颖的综述涵盖了气化工艺、新型设计技术、先进的合成气净化策略、可扩展性挑战、技术经济分析、实现净零排放的生物质气化的社会和环境方面。生物质气化通常在温度（500 至 1000 °C）、压力（0.98 至 2.94 atm）、S/B（0.3-1）、停留时间（几分钟）、含水量（低于 35%）以及是否存在催化剂的条件下进行。研究发现，优化气化关键参数可显著降低杂质含量。气化炉的设计对焦油含量的影响很大：上升气化炉产生的焦油最多（约 100 克/Nm3），下降气化炉产生的焦油最少（约 1 克/Nm3），流化床气化炉产生的焦油处于中间水平（约 10 克/Nm3）。物理机械方法的效率达到 99%，但降低了能量转化率，并产生有害废物。热裂解和催化裂解方法的效率高达 98-100%，其中镍基催化剂非常有效。生物质气化技术已达到 8-9 级技术就绪水平（TRL），证明了其大规模实施的可行性。不过，该技术的成本增加了 15%，需要更多的进步来应对技术和经济方面的挑战。此外，将合成气转化为有价值的产品对于实现温室气体负排放至关重要。持续研究对于提高气化过程的整体效率至关重要。开发创新方法，有效利用所有气化副产品的价值，对于在全球市场广泛采用至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluating fuel cell power systems for coastal and inland waterway vessels: Technical and economic perspectives 评估沿海和内河船舶的燃料电池动力系统：技术和经济角度

IF 9.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119200

Zhe Wang , Haobo Tang , Zhenhang Wu , Yulong Ji , Fenghui Han

With the growing demand for sustainable shipping solutions, alternative energy sources and environmental protection technologies have become key areas of research. This study investigates the techno-economic feasibility of using hydrogen and ammonia fuels in fuel cell power systems for coastal and inland waterway vessels. Three system boundary frameworks were developed: one powered by a proton exchange membrane fuel cell using hydrogen, another by a solid oxide fuel cell using ammonia, and a comparative system using a traditional two-stroke diesel engine. A model of a fuel cell power system for coastal and inland waterway routes was developed for the “Han Hai V” container mother ship, considering operational conditions such as docking times, cargo space loss, and load variations on different routes. The model testing was set between Dalian Port and Yantai Port for coastal routes, and between Wuhan Port and Shanghai Port for inland routes. A comprehensive quantitative analysis of fuel consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, and economic benefits over the vessel’s lifespan was conducted. The results indicate that the new power system cases can reduce emissions by a maximum of 51.6 million tons on coastal routes and 116 million tons on inland routes. While hydrogen and diesel-powered systems show greater economic benefits in shorter routes, the economic gap between ammonia and these fuels narrows with increasing distances, highlighting ammonia’s potential for long-haul applications.

随着对可持续航运解决方案的需求日益增长，替代能源和环保技术已成为研究的重点领域。本研究探讨了在沿海和内河船舶燃料电池动力系统中使用氢燃料和氨燃料的技术经济可行性。开发了三个系统边界框架：一个由使用氢的质子交换膜燃料电池提供动力，另一个由使用氨的固体氧化物燃料电池提供动力，还有一个使用传统二冲程柴油发动机的比较系统。为 "瀚海五号 "集装箱母船开发了一个适用于沿海和内河航线的燃料电池动力系统模型，并考虑了不同航线上的停靠时间、货舱损耗和载荷变化等运行条件。模型试验的沿海航线设置在大连港和烟台港之间，内河航线设置在武汉港和上海港之间。对船舶寿命期内的燃油消耗、温室气体排放和经济效益进行了全面的定量分析。结果表明，新动力系统案例在沿海航线上最多可减少排放 5 160 万吨，在内陆航线上最多可减少排放 1.16 亿吨。虽然氢气和柴油动力系统在短途航线上显示出更大的经济效益，但随着航程的增加，氨气与这些燃料之间的经济差距也在缩小，这凸显了氨气在长途航线上的应用潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Biomimetic low carbonization efficient solar-driven thermochemical energy storage reactor design inspired by the diatoms’ superior photosynthesis capacity 仿生低碳化高效太阳能驱动热化学储能反应器的设计灵感来自硅藻的卓越光合作用能力

IF 9.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119224

Jintao Song , Yaping Fan , Ziming Cheng , Fuqiang Wang , Xuhang Shi , Jie Xu , Jingyu Zhang , Hongliang Yi , Yong Shuai , Hao Zhang

Photon is the energy source that drives solar thermochemistry. Photon-based radiative transfer in the reactor space is an essential mode of energy transfer. However, there often exists mismatch between the radiative and chemical fields in direct solar thermochemical processes, which can lead to ultra-high temperature gradients and high carbonization rates. While, the vicious cycle that exists between high temperature gradients and higher carbonization rates could severely limit the thermochemical efficiency. To improve the efficiency and reduce the temperature gradient and carbonization, inspired by the superior performance of diatom photosynthesis, a biomimetic radiation-regulated reactor is proposed. The paper establishes multi-field model of steam methane reforming, and analyzes the energy conversion processes at pore-scale. In numerical analyses, compared to the conventional reactor, the biomimetic reactor enhances the light forward scattering in fore-end and the backward scattering in rear-end, which increases the light absorption efficiency by 6.8% and reduces the temperature gradient by 41.3%. In experimental investigation, the methane conversion and the solar-fuel efficiency of the biomimetic reactor is 48.6% and 44.0%, which is increased by 11.5% and 10.7% respectively. It also demonstrates high efficiency and stability under long operating conditions. The biomimetic reactor provides a new strategy for industrial solar-driven methane conversion.

光子是驱动太阳能热化学的能源。反应器空间中基于光子的辐射传递是一种重要的能量传递模式。然而，在直接的太阳热化学过程中，辐射场和化学场之间往往存在不匹配，这会导致超高温度梯度和高碳化率。而高温梯度和高碳化率之间存在的恶性循环会严重限制热化学效率。为了提高效率、降低温度梯度和碳化率，本文从硅藻光合作用的优越性能中得到启发，提出了一种仿生物辐射调控反应器。本文建立了蒸汽甲烷转化的多场模型，分析了孔隙尺度的能量转化过程。在数值分析中，与传统反应器相比，仿生反应器增强了前端的光前向散射和后端的光后向散射，使光吸收效率提高了 6.8%，温度梯度降低了 41.3%。在实验研究中，仿生反应器的甲烷转化率和太阳能燃料效率分别为 48.6% 和 44.0%，分别提高了 11.5% 和 10.7%。在长期运行条件下，它还表现出高效率和高稳定性。仿生反应器为工业太阳能驱动甲烷转化提供了一种新策略。

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引用次数: 0

Thermal comfort-constrained nonlinear operational optimization of a solar-absorption-radiant cooling system 太阳能吸收辐射冷却系统的热舒适约束非线性运行优化

IF 9.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management

Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119204

Ahmed E. Elbakhshwan , Muhammed A. Hassan , Mahmoud A. Kassem , Mohamad T. Araji

With the increasing demand for sustainable building solutions, especially under extreme weather conditions, there is a growing need for renewable-powered cooling systems that can minimize energy consumption and carbon emissions. Solar-absorption-radiant cooling systems offer a promising alternative to traditional air conditioning systems, but their effectiveness relies on efficient control strategies. This study investigates the optimal control of a solar-absorption-radiant cooling system for a single-story office building using non-linear programming (NLP) to minimize operating costs while maintaining thermal comfort. This is achieved by directly integrating the building model and thermal comfort calculations within the optimization procedure. By incorporating a solar collector, storage tank, assisting boiler, and absorption chiller, the system achieves a solar fraction of 0.8, minimizing daily operating costs to 2.11 USD and carbon emissions to ∼ 39.1

k g_{C O_{2}}

. The system maintains an average PMV of 0.14, an operative temperature of 25.63 °C, and a coefficient of performance of 0.72. The study also explores the impact of varying thermal comfort constraints, ventilation rates, and inlet air temperatures on system performance. Stricter comfort constraints (PMV=-0.2 to 0.2) increase costs and emissions by 30.96 % and 37.5 % respectively, due to increased reliance on the natural gas boiler. Doubling the ventilation rate based on fresh outdoor air increases daily costs and emissions by 19 % and 22.6 % respectively. Conversely, utilizing a supplementary system to supply ventilation air at 25 °C significantly reduces costs and emissions by 26.2 % and 25.4 % respectively, and increases the solar fraction to 0.92. Compared to a conventional system powered solely by a natural gas boiler, the solar-powered system achieves substantial cost savings (45.9 %), reduced carbon emissions (52.5 %), and improved thermal comfort, highlighting the potential of this technology for sustainable building operations.

随着人们对可持续建筑解决方案的需求日益增长，尤其是在极端天气条件下，对可最大限度降低能耗和碳排放的可再生能源冷却系统的需求也越来越大。太阳能吸收辐射冷却系统为传统空调系统提供了一种前景广阔的替代方案，但其有效性有赖于高效的控制策略。本研究利用非线性编程（NLP）对单层办公楼的太阳能吸收辐射冷却系统进行优化控制，以在保持热舒适度的同时最大限度地降低运行成本。这是通过在优化程序中直接集成建筑模型和热舒适度计算来实现的。通过整合太阳能集热器、储水箱、辅助锅炉和吸收式冷水机组，该系统的太阳能利用率达到 0.8，将每日运营成本降至 2.11 美元，碳排放量降至 39.1 千克二氧化碳。该系统的平均 PMV 为 0.14，工作温度为 25.63 °C，性能系数为 0.72。研究还探讨了不同的热舒适度限制、通风率和进气温度对系统性能的影响。更严格的舒适度限制（PMV=-0.2 至 0.2）使成本和排放量分别增加了 30.96 % 和 37.5 %，原因是对天然气锅炉的依赖性增加。基于室外新鲜空气的通风率增加一倍，每天的成本和排放量分别增加 19% 和 22.6%。相反，利用辅助系统提供 25 ° C 的通风空气则可显著降低成本和排放量，分别降低 26.2 % 和 25.4 %，并将太阳能比例提高到 0.92。与仅由天然气锅炉提供动力的传统系统相比，太阳能供电系统节省了大量成本（45.9%），减少了碳排放（52.5%），并提高了热舒适度，凸显了该技术在可持续建筑运营方面的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Reducing the lifecycle carbon emissions of rice straw-to-methanol for alternative marine fuel through self-generation and renewable electricity 通过自发电和可再生电力减少用于替代船用燃料的稻草制甲醇的生命周期碳排放量

IF 9.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management

Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119202

Danfeng Wang , Jie Zhang , Qianqian Chen , Yu Gu , Xinqing Chen , Zhiyong Tang

The advancement of maritime decarbonization has accelerated the adoption of alternative marine fuels, particularly methanol. However, its widespread adoption encounters three primary obstacles: pricing, availability, and carbon accounting. Given the current state of technological and industrial developments, designing technical routes that comply with carbon emission restrictions is a primary concern for all project stakeholders. Therefore, based on a 100,000 tons/year biomass-to-methanol (BTM) plant located in the eastern coast of China, four integrated routes were designed and simulated to obtain steam, electricity and water balances. Energy and exergy analysis were then performed. Finally, a carbon emission assessment (calculated as equivalent carbon dioxide ‘CO₂eq’) was conducted with 30 scenarios. Results indicated that the carbon emissions during rice straw production stage, including carbon emissions from methane and nitrous oxide emissions from rice fields, were 0.2020 and 0.5563 kg CO₂eq/kg straw-dry using value and energy allocations, respectively. Excluding rice cultivation and harvesting, compared to the 2021 baseline level of 94 gCO₂eq/MJ set by the European Union’s Renewable Energy Directive III (EU RED III), the carbon emission intensity of methanol decreased by 75.4 %, 76.2 %, 71.5 % and 74.5 %, respectively for route 1 to 4, satisfying the EU-mandated carbon emission limit. Sensitivity analysis showed that reducing rice straw consumption and energy consumption of rice straw pulverizing, drying, and shaping could effectively reduce carbon emissions. Overall, given the carbon emission limit, for a BTM plants in plan or under-construction, this study suggests to provide external renewable electricity, or to configure self-generation utilizing by-product fuel gas and syngas.

海洋去碳化进程的推进加快了替代船用燃料的采用，尤其是甲醇。然而，甲醇的广泛应用遇到了三个主要障碍：价格、可用性和碳核算。鉴于目前的技术和工业发展状况，设计符合碳排放限制的技术路线是所有项目利益相关者的首要关注点。因此，以位于中国东部沿海的一家年产 10 万吨生物质转化甲醇（BTM）工厂为基础，设计并模拟了四条综合路线，以获得蒸汽、电力和水的平衡。然后进行能量和放能分析。最后，对 30 种情景进行了碳排放评估（以二氧化碳当量 "CO2eq "计算）。结果表明，稻草生产阶段的碳排放量（包括稻田甲烷和氧化亚氮的碳排放量）分别为 0.2020 千克二氧化碳当量/千克稻草（干稻草）和 0.5563 千克二氧化碳当量/千克稻草（干稻草）。与欧盟可再生能源指令 III（EU RED III）规定的 2021 年 94 gCO2eq/MJ 基准水平相比，剔除水稻种植和收割，路线 1 至路线 4 的甲醇碳排放强度分别降低了 75.4%、76.2%、71.5% 和 74.5%，满足了欧盟规定的碳排放限制。敏感性分析表明，减少稻草用量以及稻草粉碎、干燥和成型的能耗可有效减少碳排放。总之，考虑到碳排放限制，本研究建议规划中或在建的 BTM 工厂提供外部可再生能源电力，或利用副产品燃料气和合成气进行自发电。

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引用次数: 0

Comparative analysis of powertrain architectures for fuel cell light commercial vehicles in terms of performance and durability 燃料电池轻型商用车动力系统结构在性能和耐用性方面的比较分析

IF 9.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management

Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119191

R. Novella, M. Lopez-Juarez, D. González-Domínguez, I. Nidaguila

At the present time, the critical climate situation has raised awareness about the importance of developing carbon-free technologies. In this context, fuel cell systems (FCS) have become one of the key technologies in the pathway to decarbonization. Given that road transport is a major contributor to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, this paper focuses on a specific segment of this sector: light commercial vehicles (LCVs). The current market situation shows that LCV manufacturers have not yet decided what is the appropriate powertrain architecture for this kind of vehicle. Thus, the current paper studies a wide range of possible FCS-based propulsive system designs, changing the size of the FCS, electric battery and H₂ tank. These propulsive system architectures are analyzed concerning the performance of the vehicle, in terms of consumption and range, and the durability of its FCS. The evaluation of these different designs will be highly valuable for the LCV industry and manufacturers, as it allows to understand the optimal powertrain solution. The study demonstrates that a significant increase in range can be achieved with only a minor penalty in hydrogen consumption. Additionally, the research indicates that it is feasible to employ one of the most durable FCS designs while meeting LCV mission requirements with minimal consumption penalty. In conclusion, this paper provides valuable data to the ongoing research in this field, offering a detailed analysis of the impact of H₂ consumption, autonomy, and durability of the FCS across various vehicle architectures under typical LCV driving conditions.

当前，严峻的气候形势提高了人们对开发无碳技术重要性的认识。在此背景下，燃料电池系统（FCS）已成为去碳化道路上的关键技术之一。鉴于公路运输是温室气体（GHG）排放的主要来源，本文将重点关注该行业的一个特殊领域：轻型商用车（LCV）。目前的市场情况表明，轻型商用车制造商尚未确定此类车辆的合适动力总成结构。因此，本文研究了一系列可能的基于 FCS 的推进系统设计，改变了 FCS、电动电池和 H2 罐的尺寸。本文分析了这些推进系统结构在消耗和续航方面的性能，以及其燃料控制系统的耐用性。对这些不同设计的评估将对轻型商用车行业和制造商非常有价值，因为通过评估可以了解最佳的动力总成解决方案。研究表明，在氢消耗量略有减少的情况下，续驶里程可以显著增加。此外，研究还表明，在满足 LCV 任务要求的同时，采用一种最耐用的 FCS 设计是可行的，而且消耗量最小。总之，本文为该领域正在进行的研究提供了宝贵的数据，详细分析了在典型的 LCV 驾驶条件下，各种车辆结构对氢气消耗、自主性和 FCS 耐用性的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Optimal planning and operation of heterogeneous autonomous and grid-connected microgrids based on multi-criteria techno-economic, environmental, and social indices 基于多标准技术经济、环境和社会指数的异构自主并网微电网的优化规划与运行

IF 9.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management

Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119206

Shahid Nawaz Khan , Syed Ali Abbas Kazmi , Shabieh Ul Hassan

Sustainable energy transition involves the execution of recent technologies as a means of ensuring energy access and security. However, the increasing adoption of such technologies, particularly in the presence of diverse constraints, poses significant challenges from a planning perspective. In this context, the multi-objective analysis offers valuable insights for decision-making that balances mutual benefits, as relying solely on a single objective may increase the risk level for stakeholders engaged in coordinated decisions. Based on the real dataset, this study presents a comparative multi-criteria techno-economic, environmental, and social evaluation of site-specific unified standalone and grid-connected hybrid microgrids. The study employs a modified Last Cluster Mean Carried Forward approach for data processing, incorporating the Proprietary Derivative-free Algorithm and Original Grid-Search Algorithm to ensure a standardized comparison. Results reveal the substantial advantages of grid-connected systems over standalone counterparts, with reductions of 12.54 % to 63.73 % and 68.93 % to 89.13 % in terms of Net Present Cost and Levelized Cost of Energy, respectively. Grid-connected systems exhibit superior adaptability, recovering 52.3 % to 98.1 % surplus energy with a Renewable Fraction averaging 77.1 % to 87.9 %. However, these systems were hindered by frequent interruptions and required a minimum capacity shortage of 2.5 % to 3.5 %. Furthermore, grid-connected systems have proved feasible when carbon emissions, forests required to absorb the emissions, and the Social Cost of Carbon Emissions are considered in the range of 4.65–67.13 kiloton (metric), 423.32–6108.53 ha, and $0.24-$3.42 million, respectively. Social analysis and sensitivity analyses are performed to justify the robustness and adaptability. Lastly, the findings are followed by policy recommendations and results validation by comparing prevailing government tariffs and other studies.

可持续能源转型涉及采用最新技术作为确保能源获取和安全的手段。然而，越来越多地采用这些技术，特别是在存在各种制约因素的情况下，从规划的角度来看构成了重大挑战。在这种情况下，多目标分析为平衡互惠互利的决策提供了宝贵的见解，因为仅仅依靠单一目标可能会增加参与协调决策的利益相关者的风险水平。本研究基于真实数据集，对特定地点的统一独立微电网和并网混合微电网进行了技术经济、环境和社会多标准比较评估。研究采用修改后的 "最后簇均值前移 "方法进行数据处理，并结合 "专有无衍生算法 "和 "原始网格搜索算法"，以确保比较的标准化。结果显示，与独立系统相比，并网系统具有很大优势，净现值成本和平准化能源成本分别降低了 12.54% 至 63.73%，以及 68.93% 至 89.13%。并网系统的适应性更强，可回收 52.3 % 至 98.1 % 的剩余能源，可再生能源比例平均为 77.1 % 至 87.9 %。然而，这些系统受到频繁中断的阻碍，需要至少 2.5 % 至 3.5 % 的容量短缺。此外，在考虑碳排放量、吸收排放量所需的森林和碳排放的社会成本时，证明并网系统是可行的，其范围分别为 4.65-67.13 千吨（公吨）、423.32-6108.53 公顷和 24 万美元-342 万美元。进行了社会分析和敏感性分析，以证明其稳健性和适应性。最后，对研究结果提出了政策建议，并通过比较现行政府关税和其他研究对结果进行了验证。

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引用次数: 0