Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2161-1017-C1-022
R. Kant
{"title":"Diabetic foot: A real challenge","authors":"R. Kant","doi":"10.4172/2161-1017-C1-022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1017-C1-022","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11670,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84885865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2161-1017-C3-029
pSahar Mansour Ibrahim Yossria Ahmed Elsayed Hanan Fahmy Azzam, Reda Esmail Reyadp
{"title":"An overview on sleep apnoea in Polycystic ovary syndrome","authors":"pSahar Mansour Ibrahim Yossria Ahmed Elsayed Hanan Fahmy Azzam, Reda Esmail Reyadp","doi":"10.4172/2161-1017-C3-029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1017-C3-029","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11670,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88538223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2161-1017.1000288
E. Hughes
New physiological effects of oxytocin (OT) have been discovered as potentially impacting a variety of diseases, including mood and emotional disorders, autism spectrum disorder, inflammatory conditions, cardiac abnormalities, bone health and sexual behavior. OT has been dubbed “the love hormone” due to its positive effects on a number of social behaviors, including interpersonal trust, empathy, bonding and the ability to recognize emotions.
{"title":"Newly Discovered Physiological Effects of Oxytocin","authors":"E. Hughes","doi":"10.4172/2161-1017.1000288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1017.1000288","url":null,"abstract":"New physiological effects of oxytocin (OT) have been discovered as potentially impacting a variety of diseases, including mood and emotional disorders, autism spectrum disorder, inflammatory conditions, cardiac abnormalities, bone health and sexual behavior. OT has been dubbed “the love hormone” due to its positive effects on a number of social behaviors, including interpersonal trust, empathy, bonding and the ability to recognize emotions.","PeriodicalId":11670,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"38 2 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85657778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2161-1017.1000293
Rosero Rj, Polanco Jp, A. Jaramillo, Á. Gómez, I. Cossío, D. Cortés, A. Uribe, P. Ji, B. Geloneze
Obesity is currently considered as the 21st century epidemic. The accelerated increase in prevalence and mortality due to cardiovascular diseases establishes a historical precedent as a global public health problem. The increased incidence of obesity and obesity-associated chronic diseases (coronary heart disease, cancer, diabetes), together with the frequent finding of these conditions in the clinic, urgently call for studies aiming to identify possible pathophysiologic connections among these conditions. Obesity is often seen only as an imbalance between caloric intake and energy expenditure. On the other hand, numerous neuroendocrine factors are responsible for the regulation of energy metabolism. In addition, body metabolism is also affected by the autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine activity of organokines. Thus, the understanding signaling pathways, action and regulation of organokines could lead to a comprehensive approach to obesity, which in turn may unravel new indicators of adiposopathy, that are not necessarily associated solely to body weight or evident excess of fatty tissue. Herein we propose a pathophysiological model, which we refer to as the triumvirate of adiposopathy, involving the alteration of organokine balance (myokines, hepatokines, and adipokines) and that takes into account signaling pathways that are common to pro-inflammatory states such as insulin resistance and endothelial damage, emphasizing in adiposopathy and obesity, aiming to achieve the early identification of cardiometabolic risk, and thus positively impact the risk of morbimortality associated with adiposity.
{"title":"The Triumvirate of Adiposopathy: A Literature Review and Proposal of the Claros Pathophysiological Model","authors":"Rosero Rj, Polanco Jp, A. Jaramillo, Á. Gómez, I. Cossío, D. Cortés, A. Uribe, P. Ji, B. Geloneze","doi":"10.4172/2161-1017.1000293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1017.1000293","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity is currently considered as the 21st century epidemic. The accelerated increase in prevalence and mortality due to cardiovascular diseases establishes a historical precedent as a global public health problem. The increased incidence of obesity and obesity-associated chronic diseases (coronary heart disease, cancer, diabetes), together with the frequent finding of these conditions in the clinic, urgently call for studies aiming to identify possible pathophysiologic connections among these conditions. Obesity is often seen only as an imbalance between caloric intake and energy expenditure. On the other hand, numerous neuroendocrine factors are responsible for the regulation of energy metabolism. In addition, body metabolism is also affected by the autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine activity of organokines. Thus, the understanding signaling pathways, action and regulation of organokines could lead to a comprehensive approach to obesity, which in turn may unravel new indicators of adiposopathy, that are not necessarily associated solely to body weight or evident excess of fatty tissue. Herein we propose a pathophysiological model, which we refer to as the triumvirate of adiposopathy, involving the alteration of organokine balance (myokines, hepatokines, and adipokines) and that takes into account signaling pathways that are common to pro-inflammatory states such as insulin resistance and endothelial damage, emphasizing in adiposopathy and obesity, aiming to achieve the early identification of cardiometabolic risk, and thus positively impact the risk of morbimortality associated with adiposity.","PeriodicalId":11670,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91288348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2161-1017.1000287
Bodieu Chetcha Adele, Mah Evelyn Mungyeh, Ngo Um Sap Suzanne, Y. S. Alkali, Chizo Agwu, Chetcha Bernard, T. Ekoe, A. Oduwole, C. Andreas
Background: Thyroid hormone is necessary for normal brain growth, myelination, normal neuronal connections and physical growth. The most critical period for the effect of thyroid hormone on brain development is the first few months of life. No data from Cameroon that described the iodine status and thyroid function of the Cameroonian pregnant women and neonates is available. This study determined the newborn Thyroid Stimulating Hormone levels at the Yaounde Gyneco-Obstetric and Paediatric Hospital-Cameroon and demonstrated the association between perinatal factors and newborn TSH levels. Subjects and method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done from the 10th January to 10th March 2017. On the third day of life, the heel prick blood obtained and dropped on a filter paper was analyzed for TSH using the commercial Human Neonatal TSH ELISA Kit (Catalog number EL10012N from Anogen, Yes Biotech Laboratories Ltd. Canada). The mean Thyroid Stimulating Hormone levels of the newborns were determined and, considering the perinatal factors and one-way analysis of variance were used to determine any correlation between the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone values and perinatal factors. Results: 180 newborns were recruited during the study period. The Thyroid Stimulating Hormone values were normally distributed, within the range of [1.17-2.57 μIU/ml]. The mean Thyroid Stimulating Hormone value for the subjects was 1.59 ± 0.22 μIU/ml. 96.11% were within [-2SD and + 2SD]. Only high birth weights have been found to be associated with the high Thyroid Stimulating Hormone levels. Conclusion: This study presented the normal reference values for Thyroid Stimulating Hormone in Cameroonian newborns at the Yaounde Gyneco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital Cameroon. Using this result, no neonates in the study had values pointing to a Congenital Hypothyroidism diagnosis.
{"title":"Newborn Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Levels in Heel Prick Blood at the Yaounde Gyneco-Obstetric and Paediatric Hospital Cameroon","authors":"Bodieu Chetcha Adele, Mah Evelyn Mungyeh, Ngo Um Sap Suzanne, Y. S. Alkali, Chizo Agwu, Chetcha Bernard, T. Ekoe, A. Oduwole, C. Andreas","doi":"10.4172/2161-1017.1000287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1017.1000287","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Thyroid hormone is necessary for normal brain growth, myelination, normal neuronal connections and physical growth. The most critical period for the effect of thyroid hormone on brain development is the first few months of life. No data from Cameroon that described the iodine status and thyroid function of the Cameroonian pregnant women and neonates is available. This study determined the newborn Thyroid Stimulating Hormone levels at the Yaounde Gyneco-Obstetric and Paediatric Hospital-Cameroon and demonstrated the association between perinatal factors and newborn TSH levels. Subjects and method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done from the 10th January to 10th March 2017. On the third day of life, the heel prick blood obtained and dropped on a filter paper was analyzed for TSH using the commercial Human Neonatal TSH ELISA Kit (Catalog number EL10012N from Anogen, Yes Biotech Laboratories Ltd. Canada). The mean Thyroid Stimulating Hormone levels of the newborns were determined and, considering the perinatal factors and one-way analysis of variance were used to determine any correlation between the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone values and perinatal factors. Results: 180 newborns were recruited during the study period. The Thyroid Stimulating Hormone values were normally distributed, within the range of [1.17-2.57 μIU/ml]. The mean Thyroid Stimulating Hormone value for the subjects was 1.59 ± 0.22 μIU/ml. 96.11% were within [-2SD and + 2SD]. Only high birth weights have been found to be associated with the high Thyroid Stimulating Hormone levels. Conclusion: This study presented the normal reference values for Thyroid Stimulating Hormone in Cameroonian newborns at the Yaounde Gyneco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital Cameroon. Using this result, no neonates in the study had values pointing to a Congenital Hypothyroidism diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":11670,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"21 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82079543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2161-1017.1000283
A. Baidya, H. N. Chakravarti, R. Saraogi, Amit S. Gupta, Rishad Ahmed, A. Banerjee, Satpathy Sc
Aim: To determine the efficacy of maximum and optimum dosages of hydroxychloroquine (400 and 200 mg once daily) treatment combined with insulin along with metformin and Glimepiride in Type 2 diabetes patients who are poorly controlled and relationship to be evaluate between high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in such patients.Methods: In a multicentre,open-labelled comparative observational study, randomised 240 patients [mean age 56.44 years and mean body mass index (BMI) 33.20 kg/m2, mean glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1C) 8.58% ; mean duration of diabetes 13.7 years] with type 2 diabetes who were poorly controlled with a high stable insulin dose (≥ 30 Units/day for ≥ 30 days), glimepiride (2 mg/day) and metformin (1000 mg/day) were randomly allocated to either hydroxychloroquine 200 or 400 mg once daily for 6 months (24 weeks).Results: At completion of 6 months (24 weeks), statistically significant, dose-dependent mean decreases from baseline were seen in both the hydroxychloroquine 200 and 400 mg groups for HbA1C (-0. and -1.3%, respectively) (p<0.0001), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (-29.5 mg/dl and -33.2 mg/dl, respectively) (p<0.0001) and postprandial plasma glucose (PPG) (-39.6 mg/dl and -49.8 mg/dl, respectively) (p<0.0001) . Insulin dosage also decreased significantly in both the groups (-5.6 and -9.8 IU/day, respectively; p ≤ 0.05) from baseline. Insulin dose has reduced in significant number of patients. In the present study of type 2 diabetes patients, we found that hs-CRP levels correlated with HbA1c levels.Conclusions: In type 2 diabetes patients who are poorly controlled, addition of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) to insulin along with Glimepiride and Metformin significantly improved glycemic control in a dose-dependent manner and was generally well tolerated. In type 2 diabetes patients who are poorly controlled by oral antidiabetic or insulin or in combination, reduction in hs-CRP highly influence HbA1c reduction.
{"title":"Efficacy of Maximum and Optimum Doses of Hydroxychloroquine Added to Patients with Poorly Controlled Type 2 Diabetes on Stable Insulin Therapy along with Glimepiride And Metformin: Association of High-Sensitive C-Reactive Protein (Hs-CRP) and Glycosylated Haemoglobin (Hba1c)","authors":"A. Baidya, H. N. Chakravarti, R. Saraogi, Amit S. Gupta, Rishad Ahmed, A. Banerjee, Satpathy Sc","doi":"10.4172/2161-1017.1000283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1017.1000283","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To determine the efficacy of maximum and optimum dosages of hydroxychloroquine (400 and 200 mg once daily) treatment combined with insulin along with metformin and Glimepiride in Type 2 diabetes patients who are poorly controlled and relationship to be evaluate between high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in such patients.Methods: In a multicentre,open-labelled comparative observational study, randomised 240 patients [mean age 56.44 years and mean body mass index (BMI) 33.20 kg/m2, mean glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1C) 8.58% ; mean duration of diabetes 13.7 years] with type 2 diabetes who were poorly controlled with a high stable insulin dose (≥ 30 Units/day for ≥ 30 days), glimepiride (2 mg/day) and metformin (1000 mg/day) were randomly allocated to either hydroxychloroquine 200 or 400 mg once daily for 6 months (24 weeks).Results: At completion of 6 months (24 weeks), statistically significant, dose-dependent mean decreases from baseline were seen in both the hydroxychloroquine 200 and 400 mg groups for HbA1C (-0. and -1.3%, respectively) (p<0.0001), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (-29.5 mg/dl and -33.2 mg/dl, respectively) (p<0.0001) and postprandial plasma glucose (PPG) (-39.6 mg/dl and -49.8 mg/dl, respectively) (p<0.0001) . Insulin dosage also decreased significantly in both the groups (-5.6 and -9.8 IU/day, respectively; p ≤ 0.05) from baseline. Insulin dose has reduced in significant number of patients. In the present study of type 2 diabetes patients, we found that hs-CRP levels correlated with HbA1c levels.Conclusions: In type 2 diabetes patients who are poorly controlled, addition of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) to insulin along with Glimepiride and Metformin significantly improved glycemic control in a dose-dependent manner and was generally well tolerated. In type 2 diabetes patients who are poorly controlled by oral antidiabetic or insulin or in combination, reduction in hs-CRP highly influence HbA1c reduction.","PeriodicalId":11670,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"118 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89861555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2161-1017.1000E127
R. Kant, V. Verma
About 4.6% of the U.S. population ages 12 and older and 3.05% of European population has hypothyroidism [1,2]. Thyroid produces thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) but T3 is more active at the cellular level because of its higher affinity for the nuclear thyroid hormone receptors. In humans, approximately 80% of the T3 produced daily derives from monodeiodination of T4 in extrathyroidal tissues [3]. Current guidelines consistently recommend Levothyroxine (LT4) monotherapy as treatment of choice for hypothyroidism management [4,5]. The goal of therapy is to restore physical and psychological wellbeing and normalize serum TSH. Although LT4 monotherapy is effective, up to 5-10% of hypothyroid patients with normal TSH on LT4 does not feel entirely well and reports persistent symptoms [5]. Given the high prevalence of patients who are not satisfied with LT4 monotherapy, a review of the literature evaluating efficacy and safety of combination levothyroxine and levotriiodothyronine therapy (LT4/ LT3) is worthwhile.
{"title":"Combination Levothyroxine and Levotriiodothyronine Therapy for Hypothyroidism Treatment-Is it Worth the Risks?","authors":"R. Kant, V. Verma","doi":"10.4172/2161-1017.1000E127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1017.1000E127","url":null,"abstract":"About 4.6% of the U.S. population ages 12 and older and 3.05% of European population has hypothyroidism [1,2]. Thyroid produces thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) but T3 is more active at the cellular level because of its higher affinity for the nuclear thyroid hormone receptors. In humans, approximately 80% of the T3 produced daily derives from monodeiodination of T4 in extrathyroidal tissues [3]. Current guidelines consistently recommend Levothyroxine (LT4) monotherapy as treatment of choice for hypothyroidism management [4,5]. The goal of therapy is to restore physical and psychological wellbeing and normalize serum TSH. Although LT4 monotherapy is effective, up to 5-10% of hypothyroid patients with normal TSH on LT4 does not feel entirely well and reports persistent symptoms [5]. Given the high prevalence of patients who are not satisfied with LT4 monotherapy, a review of the literature evaluating efficacy and safety of combination levothyroxine and levotriiodothyronine therapy (LT4/ LT3) is worthwhile.","PeriodicalId":11670,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87212252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2161-1017.1000291
A. Mortadha
Back ground: The hormones of thyroid organ play an important role for a normal pregnancy without maternal or fetal complexities. However, using different methods and thyrotropin (TSR) ranges for diagnosis subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) in different population are challenging. The aim of this study is to clarify the world wide variation in prevalence of SCH, the accurate methods been used for diagnosing (SCH) in pregnant women, main adverse pregnancy outcomes related to (SCH) and the clinical impact of levothyroxine on gestational SCH related complications. Methods: Meta-analysis of the results of all studies that were investigated the screening methods, adverse pregnancy outcomes and the treatment of SCH during pregnancy which was published in English language during the last two decade including the popular guidelines in this regard. Results: The studies revealed a strong linear association between preterm delivery, miscarriage and TSH level with more events, if combined with positive thyroid antibodies. The difference in TSH (TSR) ranges among different ethnicity and countries should be considered for diagnosis and treatment. Conclusion: Early diagnosis and treatment of SCH during pregnancy is cost effective in reducing the preterm labour, miscarriage and its complications. Using specific TSH cut off level for each population is essential for accurate diagnosis and screening should include not only high risk cases but patients in countries with high prevalence of SCH.
{"title":"Diagnosis and Management of Subclinical Hypothyroidism in Pregnancy: A Retrospective Review Study","authors":"A. Mortadha","doi":"10.4172/2161-1017.1000291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1017.1000291","url":null,"abstract":"Back ground: The hormones of thyroid organ play an important role for a normal pregnancy without maternal or fetal complexities. However, using different methods and thyrotropin (TSR) ranges for diagnosis subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) in different population are challenging. The aim of this study is to clarify the world wide variation in prevalence of SCH, the accurate methods been used for diagnosing (SCH) in pregnant women, main adverse pregnancy outcomes related to (SCH) and the clinical impact of levothyroxine on gestational SCH related complications. Methods: Meta-analysis of the results of all studies that were investigated the screening methods, adverse pregnancy outcomes and the treatment of SCH during pregnancy which was published in English language during the last two decade including the popular guidelines in this regard. Results: The studies revealed a strong linear association between preterm delivery, miscarriage and TSH level with more events, if combined with positive thyroid antibodies. The difference in TSH (TSR) ranges among different ethnicity and countries should be considered for diagnosis and treatment. Conclusion: Early diagnosis and treatment of SCH during pregnancy is cost effective in reducing the preterm labour, miscarriage and its complications. Using specific TSH cut off level for each population is essential for accurate diagnosis and screening should include not only high risk cases but patients in countries with high prevalence of SCH.","PeriodicalId":11670,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"80 1","pages":"1-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81560709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2161-1017-C3-030
Manisha Rao, S. Broughton
{"title":"An exploratory survey to estimate prevalence, and perceived knowledge of Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in young adults","authors":"Manisha Rao, S. Broughton","doi":"10.4172/2161-1017-C3-030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1017-C3-030","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11670,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89383987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2161-1017.1000296
Ginenus Fekadu, Said Adem, F. Bekele
Background and Objective: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the commonest of all metabolic diseases all over the world. It is estimated that between 5-10% of the population suffer from this disease. Ethiopia is one of the top five countries with the highest number of people affected by DM in sub Saharan Africa (SSA). Hence the study aimed to assess the trend in the prevalence of DM in Nedjo General Hospital (NGH). Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study from patients’ records was reviewed by using structured data extraction tool. Data were obtained from medical records of all registered diabetic patients in the Diabetic Follow up Clinic between 2012 and 2016. A Chi square was used as test of significance at 95% of confidence interval. A P value of 0.05 or less than 0.05 was used as the cut-of level for statistical significance. Result: From the total of 299 diabetic patients, 175 (58.5%) were type-1 DM (T1DM) and 124 (41.5%) were type-2 DM (T2DM). The study revealed that trend of DM was increasing over the consecutive five years of the study period. Majority of the patients were males comprising 64.9% with female to male ratio of 1:1.8. DM was significantly associated with age of the patients (χ2=11.28, P=0.003) at 95% of confidence interval. Hypertension was the most common co morbid recorded in 61 (20.4%) of the total patients. About 169 (96.6%) of T1DM patients who were on insulin and 88 (71.0%) T2DM patients were on oral hypoglycemic agents (OHA). Conclusion and Recommendation: The overall prevalence of diabetes mellitus was steadily increasing in patients who were attending at NGH over last five consecutive years. Adopting a healthy life style, balanced diet, and avoiding other risk factor from their life style is mandatory.
{"title":"Trends on Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus at Nedjo General Hospital, Western Ethiopia: Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Ginenus Fekadu, Said Adem, F. Bekele","doi":"10.4172/2161-1017.1000296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1017.1000296","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the commonest of all metabolic diseases all over the world. It is estimated that between 5-10% of the population suffer from this disease. Ethiopia is one of the top five countries with the highest number of people affected by DM in sub Saharan Africa (SSA). Hence the study aimed to assess the trend in the prevalence of DM in Nedjo General Hospital (NGH). Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study from patients’ records was reviewed by using structured data extraction tool. Data were obtained from medical records of all registered diabetic patients in the Diabetic Follow up Clinic between 2012 and 2016. A Chi square was used as test of significance at 95% of confidence interval. A P value of 0.05 or less than 0.05 was used as the cut-of level for statistical significance. Result: From the total of 299 diabetic patients, 175 (58.5%) were type-1 DM (T1DM) and 124 (41.5%) were type-2 DM (T2DM). The study revealed that trend of DM was increasing over the consecutive five years of the study period. Majority of the patients were males comprising 64.9% with female to male ratio of 1:1.8. DM was significantly associated with age of the patients (χ2=11.28, P=0.003) at 95% of confidence interval. Hypertension was the most common co morbid recorded in 61 (20.4%) of the total patients. About 169 (96.6%) of T1DM patients who were on insulin and 88 (71.0%) T2DM patients were on oral hypoglycemic agents (OHA). Conclusion and Recommendation: The overall prevalence of diabetes mellitus was steadily increasing in patients who were attending at NGH over last five consecutive years. Adopting a healthy life style, balanced diet, and avoiding other risk factor from their life style is mandatory.","PeriodicalId":11670,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"37 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84531871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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