Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2161-1017.20.9.321
B. Santosh, R. Boddula, Ashok Venkatanarasu, Aditya Hegde, Chimutai Chinte, Vidya Tickoo
Introduction Cushing’s syndrome (CS) is a rare disorder characterised by symptoms and signs of chronic excessive tissue exposure to glucocorticoids, and is associated with high morbidity and mortality if untreated. The excess cortisol state can result from a number of etiologies- both exogenous and endogenous. It can present with varied and non-specific clinical features. Hence having a high clinical suspicion is important and it can be challenging to arrive at an exact diagnosis, which is very important to initiate appropriate treatment. Here, we present a spectrum of endogenous Cushing’s syndrome of different etiologies, who presented to us at different age groups and different clinical features. Description of Cases The main aim of this article is to understand the different symptoms and signs with which the patients with Endogenous Cushing’s syndrome present, the knowledge required to suspect it even in a non-typical presentation, the extensive and laborious work-up done at arriving the diagnosis and localizing the cause, and then finally initiating appropriate treatment. We randomly chose 8 cases of Endogenous Cushing’s syndrome of different presentation and etiology, who presented to our Hospital. We had patients whose age ranged from 13 years to 60 years; patients presenting with typical features of Cushing’s syndrome to non-specific features and even being asymptomatic. All the cases underwent appropriate and elaborate work-up to arrive at a diagnosis and also to localize the exact lesion. They then underwent appropriate treatment either in the form of surgery (excision of the lesion responsible for the cortisol excess) or medical therapy. The outcome of the patients was good in 6 of these patients, they achieved remission during follow-up. However, 2 patients, one with Adrenocortical carcinoma and another with Ectopic adreno-cortico tropic hormone (ACTH) syndrome due to Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of left lung, died due to the severity of underlying diseases. Conclusion Endogenous Cushing’s syndrome, though rare, is associated with high morbidity and mortality if untreated. A high degree of suspicion and a good clinical examination is required to diagnose Cushing’s syndrome especially in nonflorid cases and those with nonspecific features. A systematic, orderly evaluation is required to establish the correct diagnosis and to localize the cause, which will help in planning of appropriate treatment.
{"title":"Endogenous Cushing Syndrome- A Spectrum of Cases","authors":"B. Santosh, R. Boddula, Ashok Venkatanarasu, Aditya Hegde, Chimutai Chinte, Vidya Tickoo","doi":"10.35248/2161-1017.20.9.321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2161-1017.20.9.321","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Cushing’s syndrome (CS) is a rare disorder characterised by symptoms and signs of chronic excessive tissue exposure to glucocorticoids, and is associated with high morbidity and mortality if untreated. The excess cortisol state can result from a number of etiologies- both exogenous and endogenous. It can present with varied and non-specific clinical features. Hence having a high clinical suspicion is important and it can be challenging to arrive at an exact diagnosis, which is very important to initiate appropriate treatment. Here, we present a spectrum of endogenous Cushing’s syndrome of different etiologies, who presented to us at different age groups and different clinical features. Description of Cases The main aim of this article is to understand the different symptoms and signs with which the patients with Endogenous Cushing’s syndrome present, the knowledge required to suspect it even in a non-typical presentation, the extensive and laborious work-up done at arriving the diagnosis and localizing the cause, and then finally initiating appropriate treatment. We randomly chose 8 cases of Endogenous Cushing’s syndrome of different presentation and etiology, who presented to our Hospital. We had patients whose age ranged from 13 years to 60 years; patients presenting with typical features of Cushing’s syndrome to non-specific features and even being asymptomatic. All the cases underwent appropriate and elaborate work-up to arrive at a diagnosis and also to localize the exact lesion. They then underwent appropriate treatment either in the form of surgery (excision of the lesion responsible for the cortisol excess) or medical therapy. The outcome of the patients was good in 6 of these patients, they achieved remission during follow-up. However, 2 patients, one with Adrenocortical carcinoma and another with Ectopic adreno-cortico tropic hormone (ACTH) syndrome due to Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of left lung, died due to the severity of underlying diseases. Conclusion Endogenous Cushing’s syndrome, though rare, is associated with high morbidity and mortality if untreated. A high degree of suspicion and a good clinical examination is required to diagnose Cushing’s syndrome especially in nonflorid cases and those with nonspecific features. A systematic, orderly evaluation is required to establish the correct diagnosis and to localize the cause, which will help in planning of appropriate treatment.","PeriodicalId":11670,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"56 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84848616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2161-1017.20.9.309
G. Himabindhu
Alport syndrome registries have been established in several countries. Two of the largest Alport syndrome registries are in USA. Registries have also been established in the Europe, United Kingdom, France, Italy, Australia, China and other countries. A registry is a special database that contains information about individuals with a specific disorder or group of conditions. The collection of data about rare disorders may enable researchers to increase the understanding of disorders, treatments, and accelerate clinical trials in specific treatment. Medical practitioners are encouraged to submit data to treat patients with Alport syndrome.
{"title":"Letter on Alport Syndrome","authors":"G. Himabindhu","doi":"10.35248/2161-1017.20.9.309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2161-1017.20.9.309","url":null,"abstract":"Alport syndrome registries have been established in several countries. Two of the largest Alport syndrome registries are in USA. Registries have also been established in the Europe, United Kingdom, France, Italy, Australia, China and other countries. A registry is a special database that contains information about individuals with a specific disorder or group of conditions. The collection of data about rare disorders may enable researchers to increase the understanding of disorders, treatments, and accelerate clinical trials in specific treatment. Medical practitioners are encouraged to submit data to treat patients with Alport syndrome.","PeriodicalId":11670,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"35 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90056853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2161-1017.20.9.306
R. Kant, Elizabeth Zipprer, Riddick Blocker, M. Cromer, Rashmi Ch, Ra, V. Verma
The prevalence of pituitary adenomas is rising as more are incidentally reported on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Computerized Tomography (CT) imaging studies. While most exist without causing clinical symptoms or laboratory abnormalities, a non-functional sellar mass can initially present with panhypopituitarism. We present a case of pituitary microadenoma that presented with severe hyponatremia and panhypopituitarism. This patient had a non-functional pituitary microadenoma and was hospitalized many times for hyponatremia before finally being diagnosed with panhypopituitarism.
{"title":"Pituitary Microadenoma Presenting with Panhypopituitarism and Hyponatremia: A Case Report","authors":"R. Kant, Elizabeth Zipprer, Riddick Blocker, M. Cromer, Rashmi Ch, Ra, V. Verma","doi":"10.35248/2161-1017.20.9.306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2161-1017.20.9.306","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalence of pituitary adenomas is rising as more are incidentally reported on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Computerized Tomography (CT) imaging studies. While most exist without causing clinical symptoms or laboratory abnormalities, a non-functional sellar mass can initially present with panhypopituitarism. We present a case of pituitary microadenoma that presented with severe hyponatremia and panhypopituitarism. This patient had a non-functional pituitary microadenoma and was hospitalized many times for hyponatremia before finally being diagnosed with panhypopituitarism.","PeriodicalId":11670,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"34 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78725790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2161-1017.20.9.307
Takahiro Nada, M. Komatsubara, Nahoko Iwata, Y. Nakano, F. Otsuka
Regulatory roles of SSAs in catecholamine synthesis have not been elucidated. To clarify the actions of SSAs on catecholamine biosynthesis, we investigated the mutual interactions among SSAs including octreotide and pasireotide, steroids and BMPs using rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells. Treatment with octreotide and pasireotide (10 nM to 10 μM) had no significant effect on mRNA levels of Th, DOPA decarboxylase and dopamine-β-hydroxylase in PC12 cells. Regarding the interaction with steroids, treatments with SSAs also had no effect on dexamethasone- or aldosterone-induced Th mRNA expression, while pasireotide reduced mRNA expression of the GR. As for the interaction with BMP-4, which can suppress Th mRNA expression by PC12 cells, SSAs did not affect Th expression reduced by BMP-4 and Id1 or Smad1/5/9 activation induced by BMP-4. However, BMP-4 treatment up-regulated MR expression, while treatment with noggin, which neutralizes endogenous BMPs, downregulated MR expression, and the presence of noggin also attenuated aldosterone-induced Th expression, suggesting that endogenous BMPs act to enhance MR activity. Moreover, BMP-4 treatment suppressed the expression of somatostatin receptors including Sstr2 and Sstr5 in PC12 cells, while treatment with noggin up-regulated the expression of Sstr2 and Sstr5, suggesting that BMPs play a desensitizing role in SSA actions. Collectively, the results revealed that SSAs have no direct effect on catecholamine synthesis; however, adrenomedullar BMPs could be modulators for the responsiveness to MR and SSTRs.
{"title":"Effects of Somatostatin Analogs on Catecholamine Biosynthesis Regulated by Corticosteroids and Bone Morphogenetic Proteins in Rat Pheochromocytoma Cells","authors":"Takahiro Nada, M. Komatsubara, Nahoko Iwata, Y. Nakano, F. Otsuka","doi":"10.35248/2161-1017.20.9.307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2161-1017.20.9.307","url":null,"abstract":"Regulatory roles of SSAs in catecholamine synthesis have not been elucidated. To clarify the actions of SSAs on catecholamine biosynthesis, we investigated the mutual interactions among SSAs including octreotide and pasireotide, steroids and BMPs using rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells. Treatment with octreotide and pasireotide (10 nM to 10 μM) had no significant effect on mRNA levels of Th, DOPA decarboxylase and dopamine-β-hydroxylase in PC12 cells. Regarding the interaction with steroids, treatments with SSAs also had no effect on dexamethasone- or aldosterone-induced Th mRNA expression, while pasireotide reduced mRNA expression of the GR. As for the interaction with BMP-4, which can suppress Th mRNA expression by PC12 cells, SSAs did not affect Th expression reduced by BMP-4 and Id1 or Smad1/5/9 activation induced by BMP-4. However, BMP-4 treatment up-regulated MR expression, while treatment with noggin, which neutralizes endogenous BMPs, downregulated MR expression, and the presence of noggin also attenuated aldosterone-induced Th expression, suggesting that endogenous BMPs act to enhance MR activity. Moreover, BMP-4 treatment suppressed the expression of somatostatin receptors including Sstr2 and Sstr5 in PC12 cells, while treatment with noggin up-regulated the expression of Sstr2 and Sstr5, suggesting that BMPs play a desensitizing role in SSA actions. Collectively, the results revealed that SSAs have no direct effect on catecholamine synthesis; however, adrenomedullar BMPs could be modulators for the responsiveness to MR and SSTRs.","PeriodicalId":11670,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"13 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85442262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-20DOI: 10.4172/2161-1017.1000297
Farhatul-Ain Arshad, Rubaida Mehmood, S. Perveen, S. Hussain, M. A. Khan
Introduction: PCOS is a gynecological endocrine disorder with ovarian dysfunction, hyperandrogenism, infertility, hirsutism, acne, dyslipidemia, and menstrual irregularities. Objectives: The aim of our study is to evaluate the fluctuations of hormonal profile regarding PCOS in fasting and random state as well as the possible risk factor of cardiovascular disorders towards PCOS. Method: Blood was taken by CSLI (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institution) procedure. Merk and Roach diagnostic systems were used to analyze lipid and hormonal profiles. Results: Significant differences were observed in cholesterol (p=0.004), HDL, LDL (p<0.001) in fasting PCOS vs. control, LDL, HDL (p<0.001), cholesterol (p=0.08), lipid profile ratios in fasting vs. random PCOS, FSH (p=0.01), Progesterone (p=0.000), Estradiol (p=0.000), LH/FSH (p=0.04) in fasting PCOS vs. control, LH (p=0.04) in fasting vs. random PCOS. Significant positive correlation was found among estradiol with cholesterol (r=0.376, p=0.08), LDL (r=0.39, p=0.006) in fasting PCOS, estradiol with cholesterol (r=-0.334, p=0.02), FSH with LDL (r=0.36, p=0.01), progesterone with HDL (r=0.338, p=0.02) in random PCOS. Conclusion: This study assesses the worth of lipid profile in PCOS towards cardiovascular risk factors because lipid and hormonal profile have a direct correlation with PCOS. Besides CVDs hormonal profile fluctuates frequently in random and fasting state. To diagnose treat PCOS properly, patients should be monitored in the fasting state.
{"title":"Assessment and Association between Lipid and Hormonal Profile in Nonpregnant Females Having Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome","authors":"Farhatul-Ain Arshad, Rubaida Mehmood, S. Perveen, S. Hussain, M. A. Khan","doi":"10.4172/2161-1017.1000297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1017.1000297","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: PCOS is a gynecological endocrine disorder with ovarian dysfunction, hyperandrogenism, infertility, hirsutism, acne, dyslipidemia, and menstrual irregularities. \u0000 \u0000Objectives: The aim of our study is to evaluate the fluctuations of hormonal profile regarding PCOS in fasting and random state as well as the possible risk factor of cardiovascular disorders towards PCOS. \u0000 \u0000Method: Blood was taken by CSLI (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institution) procedure. Merk and Roach diagnostic systems were used to analyze lipid and hormonal profiles. \u0000 \u0000Results: Significant differences were observed in cholesterol (p=0.004), HDL, LDL (p<0.001) in fasting PCOS vs. control, LDL, HDL (p<0.001), cholesterol (p=0.08), lipid profile ratios in fasting vs. random PCOS, FSH (p=0.01), Progesterone (p=0.000), Estradiol (p=0.000), LH/FSH (p=0.04) in fasting PCOS vs. control, LH (p=0.04) in fasting vs. random PCOS. Significant positive correlation was found among estradiol with cholesterol (r=0.376, p=0.08), LDL (r=0.39, p=0.006) in fasting PCOS, estradiol with cholesterol (r=-0.334, p=0.02), FSH with LDL (r=0.36, p=0.01), progesterone with HDL (r=0.338, p=0.02) in random PCOS. \u0000 \u0000Conclusion: This study assesses the worth of lipid profile in PCOS towards cardiovascular risk factors because lipid and hormonal profile have a direct correlation with PCOS. Besides CVDs hormonal profile fluctuates frequently in random and fasting state. To diagnose treat PCOS properly, patients should be monitored in the fasting state.","PeriodicalId":11670,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"59 1","pages":"0-0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89353182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2161-1017.1000298
S. Criseno, J. Virk, H. Kim, P. Nightingale, T. Geberhiwot, N. Gittoes
Background: Primary Hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is the third most common endocrine disorder, with an estimated prevalence of 1 to 4 per 1,000 in the general population. It is well established that vitamin D deficiency co-exists with PHPT. However, there are very few studies that have compared the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency between symptomatic and asymptomatic PHPT patients. Aim: This research evaluated the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients with PHPT, and compared the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic disease. Methods: This observational cohort study employed a retrospective design where clinical records of 400 new patients referred to the metabolic bone clinics for investigation of hypercalcaemia, between 2010 and 2017, were reviewed. The study population was grouped as ‘asymptomatic’ or ‘symptomatic’ based on the absence or presence of at least one classical hypercalcaemia-related symptom. Results: PHPT is more prevalent in women with female to male ratio of 4.4:1. Symptomatic patients were significantly younger compared to the asymptomatic group (60.97 year+15.356 vs 65.88 years+13.924, p=0.001). There was a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (64.25%) with no difference between the symptomatic and asymptomatic groups. The prevalence of osteoporosis was 53.35% whilst the prevalence of renal stone was 13.54% with no between group differences. Conclusion: PHPT is more common in women than in men. Symptomatic patients were younger compared with those without symptoms. Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in patients with PHPT regardless of whether the patients were symptomatic or not.
{"title":"A Retrospective Cohort Study Evaluating the Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency and its Impact on the Biochemical and Clinical Presentations of Patients with Primary Hyperparathyroidism (PHPT)","authors":"S. Criseno, J. Virk, H. Kim, P. Nightingale, T. Geberhiwot, N. Gittoes","doi":"10.4172/2161-1017.1000298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1017.1000298","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Primary Hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is the third most common endocrine disorder, with an estimated prevalence of 1 to 4 per 1,000 in the general population. It is well established that vitamin D deficiency co-exists with PHPT. However, there are very few studies that have compared the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency between symptomatic and asymptomatic PHPT patients. Aim: This research evaluated the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients with PHPT, and compared the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic disease. Methods: This observational cohort study employed a retrospective design where clinical records of 400 new patients referred to the metabolic bone clinics for investigation of hypercalcaemia, between 2010 and 2017, were reviewed. The study population was grouped as ‘asymptomatic’ or ‘symptomatic’ based on the absence or presence of at least one classical hypercalcaemia-related symptom. Results: PHPT is more prevalent in women with female to male ratio of 4.4:1. Symptomatic patients were significantly younger compared to the asymptomatic group (60.97 year+15.356 vs 65.88 years+13.924, p=0.001). There was a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (64.25%) with no difference between the symptomatic and asymptomatic groups. The prevalence of osteoporosis was 53.35% whilst the prevalence of renal stone was 13.54% with no between group differences. Conclusion: PHPT is more common in women than in men. Symptomatic patients were younger compared with those without symptoms. Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in patients with PHPT regardless of whether the patients were symptomatic or not.","PeriodicalId":11670,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"60 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85679524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2161-1017.19.8.305
Walaa Mohammedsaeed, Hakeemah Al-Nakhle
Aim: Evaluation of vitamin D levels in Saudi female patients with type 2 diabetes and its effect on the levels of serum calcium, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and lipid profiles of these patients. Methodology: This study included 200 Saudi females with diabetes and 150 normal healthy females (non-diabetic). All of them were randomly selected based on study criteria and measurements were done in fasting blood samples. The amount of 25-hydroxy vitamin D (s-25 (OH) D), Ca, phosphorus, PTH, thyroid hormone, creatinine, albumin was estimated in the serum. The glycemic and lipid profiles were also assessed. Results: Severe vitamin D deficiency (<25 nmol/ml) was observed in 60% of the participants, while mild vitamin D deficiency (=25-50 nmol/ml) was observed in 30% of the participant. Insufficient vitamin D (=50-75 nmol/ml) was observed in 10% of the participants. Serum 25 (OH) D correlated negatively with FBG, HbA1c, phosphorus, Atherogenic Index of Plasma, triglycerides, LDL and total cholesterol. There was a positive significant correlation between serums 25 (OH) D, PTH, and Calcium. Conclusion: Low serum vitamin D, Ca and PTH levels was associated with impaired glucose metabolism and increased cardiovascular risk in type II diabetes.
{"title":"Impact of Vitamin D on Calcium, Parathyroid Hormone and Lipid Profile Levels among Saudi-females with Type 2 Diabetes","authors":"Walaa Mohammedsaeed, Hakeemah Al-Nakhle","doi":"10.35248/2161-1017.19.8.305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2161-1017.19.8.305","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Evaluation of vitamin D levels in Saudi female patients with type 2 diabetes and its effect on the levels of serum calcium, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and lipid profiles of these patients. Methodology: This study included 200 Saudi females with diabetes and 150 normal healthy females (non-diabetic). All of them were randomly selected based on study criteria and measurements were done in fasting blood samples. The amount of 25-hydroxy vitamin D (s-25 (OH) D), Ca, phosphorus, PTH, thyroid hormone, creatinine, albumin was estimated in the serum. The glycemic and lipid profiles were also assessed. Results: Severe vitamin D deficiency (<25 nmol/ml) was observed in 60% of the participants, while mild vitamin D deficiency (=25-50 nmol/ml) was observed in 30% of the participant. Insufficient vitamin D (=50-75 nmol/ml) was observed in 10% of the participants. Serum 25 (OH) D correlated negatively with FBG, HbA1c, phosphorus, Atherogenic Index of Plasma, triglycerides, LDL and total cholesterol. There was a positive significant correlation between serums 25 (OH) D, PTH, and Calcium. Conclusion: Low serum vitamin D, Ca and PTH levels was associated with impaired glucose metabolism and increased cardiovascular risk in type II diabetes.","PeriodicalId":11670,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"24 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89308055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.24105/2161-1017.8.300
F. Bekele, Ginenus Fekadu, Kumera Bekele, Dinka Dugassa
Background: Diabetic foot is defined as the foot of the diabetic patients with ulceration, infection, and/or distraction of the deep tissues associated with neurological abnormalities and varying degrees of peripheral vascular disease of the lower limb. Diabetic foot ulcers are a common and much feared complication of diabetes. The study is aimed to identify incidence of diabetic foot ulcer in diabetes patients of Nekemte Referral Hospital (NRH). Methods: A prospective observational study of diabetes mellitus patients who had diabetic foot ulcer was conducted from March15 to June 15, 2018.The data was entered into EPI-manager 4.0.2 software and analyzed using SPSS V.24. The Wagner classification of diabetic foot ulcer was used to assess the severity of foot ulcers. Size of ulcer was determined by multiplying the largest by the second largest diameter perpendicular to the first and the etiology of diabetic foot ulcer was identified by using gram stains. Results: Over the study period, 644 diabetes patients were admitted to the NRH medical service; of these, 115 (17.86%) had foot ulcers. About 61 (55.7%) were males and mean age of participants was 44.4 ± 14.7. After the gram stain was performed, about 77 (66.96%) of the patients with foot ulcer developed infection. From the diabetes mellitus who had developed diabetic foot ulcer, about 31 (26.96%) of ulcer were located on dorsal/interdigital toes. About 49 (42.61%) of the diabetic foot ulcer patients had previous history of ulcer of any location. Of infected diabetic foot ulcers, Forty two (54.55%) of microorganism isolated was gram positive. Conclusion: The incidence of diabetic foot ulcer among diabetic patients in Nekemte referral hospital was high. Therefore, East wollega zone health sector and Nekemtereferal hospital diabetic clinic diabetic care providers should strive to reduce its incidence through enhancing the regular diabetic foot evaluation.
{"title":"Incidence of Diabetic Foot Ulcer among Diabetes Mellitus Patients Admitted to Nekemte Referral Hospital, Western Ethiopia: Prospective Observational Study","authors":"F. Bekele, Ginenus Fekadu, Kumera Bekele, Dinka Dugassa","doi":"10.24105/2161-1017.8.300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24105/2161-1017.8.300","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diabetic foot is defined as the foot of the diabetic patients with ulceration, infection, and/or distraction of the deep tissues associated with neurological abnormalities and varying degrees of peripheral vascular disease of the lower limb. Diabetic foot ulcers are a common and much feared complication of diabetes. The study is aimed to identify incidence of diabetic foot ulcer in diabetes patients of Nekemte Referral Hospital (NRH). Methods: A prospective observational study of diabetes mellitus patients who had diabetic foot ulcer was conducted from March15 to June 15, 2018.The data was entered into EPI-manager 4.0.2 software and analyzed using SPSS V.24. The Wagner classification of diabetic foot ulcer was used to assess the severity of foot ulcers. Size of ulcer was determined by multiplying the largest by the second largest diameter perpendicular to the first and the etiology of diabetic foot ulcer was identified by using gram stains. Results: Over the study period, 644 diabetes patients were admitted to the NRH medical service; of these, 115 (17.86%) had foot ulcers. About 61 (55.7%) were males and mean age of participants was 44.4 ± 14.7. After the gram stain was performed, about 77 (66.96%) of the patients with foot ulcer developed infection. From the diabetes mellitus who had developed diabetic foot ulcer, about 31 (26.96%) of ulcer were located on dorsal/interdigital toes. About 49 (42.61%) of the diabetic foot ulcer patients had previous history of ulcer of any location. Of infected diabetic foot ulcers, Forty two (54.55%) of microorganism isolated was gram positive. Conclusion: The incidence of diabetic foot ulcer among diabetic patients in Nekemte referral hospital was high. Therefore, East wollega zone health sector and Nekemtereferal hospital diabetic clinic diabetic care providers should strive to reduce its incidence through enhancing the regular diabetic foot evaluation.","PeriodicalId":11670,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"2 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89619910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2161-1017.1000299
A. O. Atilade, Fakile Adedoyin Ruth, Ekunseitan Olawunmi Magret, Dare Babatunde Joseph, O. W. Adetunji, Ebiwonjumi Adetunji Segun, Okeniran Olatayo Segun
Alafia barteri, Apocynaceae has been valued for its efficiency in traditional medicine system in Nigeria and other African countries, as an anti-inflammatory and fever remedy. This study was carried out to know the effect of Alafia barteri leaf extract on the histo-architecture of the pancreas and stomach in Alloxan induced diabetic wistar rats. A total of Twenty (20) Wistar rats were used for this study, animals were randomly selected into Four (4) groups of Five (5) animals and were acclimatized for period of Two (2) weeks Group 1 the Control Group (CG) received 2mls of distilled water, Group 2 Normoglycemic Treated (NT) with 400 mg/kg of Alafia barteri aqueous leaf extract, Group 3 Induced Hyperglycaemic Untreated (IU), and Group 4 Induced Hyperglycaemic Treated (IT) with 400 mg/kg of Alafia barteri aqueous leaf extract. Hyperglycaemic was induced in Groups 3 and 4 by a single dose of intraperitoneal injection of Alloxan at 120 mg/kg. Administration was done for period of nine (9) weeks of experiment; animals were euthanized by cervical dislocation. Pancreas and stomach were excised following abdominal incision and fixed in 10% formol saline for histological studies using H/E and Masson Trichrome stains. Aqueous leaf extract of Alafia barteri caused significant reduction (p-value
{"title":"Diabetes and Its Complication: Aqueous Leaf Extract of Alafia barteri Maintained the Pancreatic and Gastric Integrity in Allosan Induced Diabetic Rats (Rattus novergicus)","authors":"A. O. Atilade, Fakile Adedoyin Ruth, Ekunseitan Olawunmi Magret, Dare Babatunde Joseph, O. W. Adetunji, Ebiwonjumi Adetunji Segun, Okeniran Olatayo Segun","doi":"10.4172/2161-1017.1000299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1017.1000299","url":null,"abstract":"Alafia barteri, Apocynaceae has been valued for its efficiency in traditional medicine system in Nigeria and other African countries, as an anti-inflammatory and fever remedy. This study was carried out to know the effect of Alafia barteri leaf extract on the histo-architecture of the pancreas and stomach in Alloxan induced diabetic wistar rats. A total of Twenty (20) Wistar rats were used for this study, animals were randomly selected into Four (4) groups of Five (5) animals and were acclimatized for period of Two (2) weeks Group 1 the Control Group (CG) received 2mls of distilled water, Group 2 Normoglycemic Treated (NT) with 400 mg/kg of Alafia barteri aqueous leaf extract, Group 3 Induced Hyperglycaemic Untreated (IU), and Group 4 Induced Hyperglycaemic Treated (IT) with 400 mg/kg of Alafia barteri aqueous leaf extract. Hyperglycaemic was induced in Groups 3 and 4 by a single dose of intraperitoneal injection of Alloxan at 120 mg/kg. Administration was done for period of nine (9) weeks of experiment; animals were euthanized by cervical dislocation. Pancreas and stomach were excised following abdominal incision and fixed in 10% formol saline for histological studies using H/E and Masson Trichrome stains. Aqueous leaf extract of Alafia barteri caused significant reduction (p-value","PeriodicalId":11670,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"72 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84538700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-05DOI: 10.4172/2161-1017-c2-027
pDemet Corapcioglup
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