Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2161-1017.1000294
Y. V. Khasanova, A. B. Galkina, A. Nelaeva, Medvedeva
Purpose: Study of the role and relationship of lipid metabolism parameters and level of pro-inflammatory cytokines in patients with type-2 diabetes with diabetic nephropathy (DN) depending on the stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Materials and methods: 240 patients with type-2 diabetes were examined in the early stages of DN and CKD. Results: The development of DN was accompanied by an increase in the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines and impaired lipid metabolism (hypertriglyceridemia) in patients with type 2 diabetes. A negative correlation was found between the level of triglycerides (TG) and the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (r=-0.43) and a direct relationship between the level of IL-6 and TG (r=0.48). Findings: An increase in the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines and TG increases the risk of the development and progression of DN and CKD.
{"title":"Features of Lipid Metabolism and Level of Pro-inflammatory Cytokines in Patients with Type-2 Diabetes and with Diabetic Nephropathy Depending on the Stage of Chronic Kidney Disease","authors":"Y. V. Khasanova, A. B. Galkina, A. Nelaeva, Medvedeva","doi":"10.4172/2161-1017.1000294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1017.1000294","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Study of the role and relationship of lipid metabolism parameters and level of pro-inflammatory cytokines in patients with type-2 diabetes with diabetic nephropathy (DN) depending on the stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Materials and methods: 240 patients with type-2 diabetes were examined in the early stages of DN and CKD. Results: The development of DN was accompanied by an increase in the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines and impaired lipid metabolism (hypertriglyceridemia) in patients with type 2 diabetes. A negative correlation was found between the level of triglycerides (TG) and the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (r=-0.43) and a direct relationship between the level of IL-6 and TG (r=0.48). Findings: An increase in the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines and TG increases the risk of the development and progression of DN and CKD.","PeriodicalId":11670,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"358 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80191712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2161-1017.1000290
B. Yurekli, N. Kutbay
Background: Cyst C is a cysteine protease inhibitor produced by all nucleated human cells. Studies show that Cyst C levels are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events. Aim: We aimed to figure out Cyst C levels in acromegaly patients and to compare with control subjects who don’t have acromegaly. Methods: Forty-five subjects (24 female, 21 male, mean ages of 48.4 ± 10.3) with acromegaly and 37 gender and age matched subjects (25F, 12 M, mean ages of 50.0 ± 8.0) as control group were recruited. Acromegaly patients were classified into two groups as active acromegaly (AA, n=28) and controlled acromegaly (CA, n=17). Demographic, anthropometric and laboratory values were recorded. Framingham Coronary Heart Disease Risk Score was used to estimate risk of heart attack in 10 years. Framingham Risk Score was calculated from the web site of www.mdcalc.com/framingham-coronary-heart-disease-risk-score. Serum Cyst C levels were measured with N latex Cystatin C kit by using latex-enhanced immunonephelometry method. Results Cystatin C levels were significantly lower in the acromegaly group when compared to the control group (0.632 ± 0.174 mg/L, 0.729 ± 0.117 mg/L as mean values, respectively, p=0.005). When multiple regression analysis was performed; it was found that only age, homocysteine and GFR.cyst (s coefficient=-0.005 p<0.001, s coefficient=-0.009 p<0.001, s coefficient=0.009 p=0.001, respectvely) were independent determinants of the Cystatin C levels in the acromegaly group (R2=0.882). Conclusions: Cystatin C levels were significantly lower in the acromegaly group when compared to control group. Cystatin C levels were independently associated with homocysteine levels.
{"title":"Low Levels of Cystatin C in Patients with Acromegaly","authors":"B. Yurekli, N. Kutbay","doi":"10.4172/2161-1017.1000290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1017.1000290","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cyst C is a cysteine protease inhibitor produced by all nucleated human cells. Studies show that Cyst C levels are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events. Aim: We aimed to figure out Cyst C levels in acromegaly patients and to compare with control subjects who don’t have acromegaly. Methods: Forty-five subjects (24 female, 21 male, mean ages of 48.4 ± 10.3) with acromegaly and 37 gender and age matched subjects (25F, 12 M, mean ages of 50.0 ± 8.0) as control group were recruited. Acromegaly patients were classified into two groups as active acromegaly (AA, n=28) and controlled acromegaly (CA, n=17). Demographic, anthropometric and laboratory values were recorded. Framingham Coronary Heart Disease Risk Score was used to estimate risk of heart attack in 10 years. Framingham Risk Score was calculated from the web site of www.mdcalc.com/framingham-coronary-heart-disease-risk-score. Serum Cyst C levels were measured with N latex Cystatin C kit by using latex-enhanced immunonephelometry method. Results Cystatin C levels were significantly lower in the acromegaly group when compared to the control group (0.632 ± 0.174 mg/L, 0.729 ± 0.117 mg/L as mean values, respectively, p=0.005). When multiple regression analysis was performed; it was found that only age, homocysteine and GFR.cyst (s coefficient=-0.005 p<0.001, s coefficient=-0.009 p<0.001, s coefficient=0.009 p=0.001, respectvely) were independent determinants of the Cystatin C levels in the acromegaly group (R2=0.882). Conclusions: Cystatin C levels were significantly lower in the acromegaly group when compared to control group. Cystatin C levels were independently associated with homocysteine levels.","PeriodicalId":11670,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"58 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77882135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2161-1017.1000295
V. Aghamohammadi, F. Haidari, M. Mohammadshahi, K. Ahmadiangali, M. Asghari-Jafarabadi
This study is designed to determine the effect of whey protein on 2-AG, some biochemical indices and body composition in women with metabolic syndrome under a weight loss diet. Each subject was assigned randomly to one of two groups: whey group (n=12) received whey supplementation for 8 weeks (30 gr daily) + weight loss diet, and control group (n=12) received only weight loss diet. For weight loss intervention, all volunteers consumed -800 kcal/day under estimated energy requirements. The results of ANCOVA test showed that changes of weight, BMI did not differ significantly between whey and control groups after the intervention, but values of percent changes of WC (-3.84%), body fat (-7.46%), fat free mass percent (0.37%), 2-AG (-41.1%), TNF-α (-19.07%), IL-6(-15.28) and adiponectin (45.93%) were significant difference between two groups. For the first time, the effects of simultaneous weight loss diet and whey protein supplementation on 2-AG was demonstrated in this study, and the other benefits of whey protein supplementation on health were reported. It was concluded that using ways other than weight loss could reduce endocannabinoids and other metabolic risk factors.
{"title":"Whey Supplementation Combined with Energy-Restricted Diet Alleviates 2-Arachidonoylglycerol, Adipocytokines, Inflammatory Factors and Body Composition in Obese Women with Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"V. Aghamohammadi, F. Haidari, M. Mohammadshahi, K. Ahmadiangali, M. Asghari-Jafarabadi","doi":"10.4172/2161-1017.1000295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1017.1000295","url":null,"abstract":"This study is designed to determine the effect of whey protein on 2-AG, some biochemical indices and body composition in women with metabolic syndrome under a weight loss diet. Each subject was assigned randomly to one of two groups: whey group (n=12) received whey supplementation for 8 weeks (30 gr daily) + weight loss diet, and control group (n=12) received only weight loss diet. For weight loss intervention, all volunteers consumed -800 kcal/day under estimated energy requirements. The results of ANCOVA test showed that changes of weight, BMI did not differ significantly between whey and control groups after the intervention, but values of percent changes of WC (-3.84%), body fat (-7.46%), fat free mass percent (0.37%), 2-AG (-41.1%), TNF-α (-19.07%), IL-6(-15.28) and adiponectin (45.93%) were significant difference between two groups. For the first time, the effects of simultaneous weight loss diet and whey protein supplementation on 2-AG was demonstrated in this study, and the other benefits of whey protein supplementation on health were reported. It was concluded that using ways other than weight loss could reduce endocannabinoids and other metabolic risk factors.","PeriodicalId":11670,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"56 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87366675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2161-1017.1000292
Sun, A. Rathi, Ruchira Joshi, Padmini Tekur, Nagaratna Rn, H. Nagendra
Background: Adolescent Obesity is causing serious public health concern and in many countries threatening the viability of basic health care delivery. Many co-morbid conditions are seen in association with adolescent obesity. Interventions based on Yoga principles are found to have effective solutions for adolescent obesity. Aim: To evaluate the effect of the Yoga based intervention on anthropometric and physical assessments in Adolescent Obesity Methods: RCT (Randomized Controlled Trial) was conducted on 53 obese adolescents for 40 days. Special yoga based training Program was conducted for yoga group. Parameters like weight, Body Mass Index (BMI) parameters, pulse rate, blood pressure, MAC (Mid Upper Arm Circumferences), Ac (Abdominal Circumference), Waist Circumference (WC), HC (Hip Circumference) along with physical tests like sit ups and Flamingo balance tests were assessed before and after intervention for both yoga and control groups. Within and between groups analyses of the variables were analysed. Result: The study showed significant reduction in weight, body mass index, Hip circumference, and total body fat percentage, subcutaneous fat throughout the body in yoga group and percentage of improvement is more in yoga group than that of control group. Conclusion: Yoga based intervention is effective to reduced obesity in adolescent children with respect to anthropometric and physical assessments.
{"title":"Effect of the Yoga on Anthropometric and Physical Assessments in Adolescent Obesity","authors":"Sun, A. Rathi, Ruchira Joshi, Padmini Tekur, Nagaratna Rn, H. Nagendra","doi":"10.4172/2161-1017.1000292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1017.1000292","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Adolescent Obesity is causing serious public health concern and in many countries threatening the viability of basic health care delivery. Many co-morbid conditions are seen in association with adolescent obesity. Interventions based on Yoga principles are found to have effective solutions for adolescent obesity. Aim: To evaluate the effect of the Yoga based intervention on anthropometric and physical assessments in Adolescent Obesity Methods: RCT (Randomized Controlled Trial) was conducted on 53 obese adolescents for 40 days. Special yoga based training Program was conducted for yoga group. Parameters like weight, Body Mass Index (BMI) parameters, pulse rate, blood pressure, MAC (Mid Upper Arm Circumferences), Ac (Abdominal Circumference), Waist Circumference (WC), HC (Hip Circumference) along with physical tests like sit ups and Flamingo balance tests were assessed before and after intervention for both yoga and control groups. Within and between groups analyses of the variables were analysed. Result: The study showed significant reduction in weight, body mass index, Hip circumference, and total body fat percentage, subcutaneous fat throughout the body in yoga group and percentage of improvement is more in yoga group than that of control group. Conclusion: Yoga based intervention is effective to reduced obesity in adolescent children with respect to anthropometric and physical assessments.","PeriodicalId":11670,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"71 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79987517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-30DOI: 10.4172/2161-1017.1000282
L. Khalili, S. Nakhle, B. Ahrari, A. Rahimih, ossein Akhondi Asl
Context: Severe hypercalcemia requires immediate treatment and hospital admission for IV hydration and medical therapy.Case description: 59 year old male presented with serum calcium 14.8 mg/dl, PTH 497 pg/ml, he refused hospital admission or IV treatment in the infusion center. Neck ultrasound identified left parathyroid adenoma with hyper vascularity in the inferior part of the gland. Percutaneous ethanol ablation was done in the office and 2 milliliter of dehydrated alcohol was injected in the hyper vascular part of the gland. Calcium decreased to 12 in 14 hours and to normal range in less than 3 days.Conclusion: PEA of parathyroid adenoma is another option of treatment to sever hypercalcemia, the treatment showed decreases in calcium to a safe level as fast as the current standard of care.
{"title":"Percutaneous Ethanol Ablation of Parathyroid Adenoma to Acutely Treat Severe Hypercalcemia","authors":"L. Khalili, S. Nakhle, B. Ahrari, A. Rahimih, ossein Akhondi Asl","doi":"10.4172/2161-1017.1000282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1017.1000282","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Severe hypercalcemia requires immediate treatment and hospital admission for IV hydration and medical therapy.Case description: 59 year old male presented with serum calcium 14.8 mg/dl, PTH 497 pg/ml, he refused hospital admission or IV treatment in the infusion center. Neck ultrasound identified left parathyroid adenoma with hyper vascularity in the inferior part of the gland. Percutaneous ethanol ablation was done in the office and 2 milliliter of dehydrated alcohol was injected in the hyper vascular part of the gland. Calcium decreased to 12 in 14 hours and to normal range in less than 3 days.Conclusion: PEA of parathyroid adenoma is another option of treatment to sever hypercalcemia, the treatment showed decreases in calcium to a safe level as fast as the current standard of care.","PeriodicalId":11670,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"17 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74256828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-28DOI: 10.4172/2161-1017.1000281
Pizzato Fb, Marques Jlb
Peripheral arterial disease incidence is getting higher in the last years. This is explained due to higher life expectancy of the population, smoking persistence and the high incidence of obese, hypertension e diabetes. In diabetic patients specifically, cardiovascular disease is one of the main cause of morbimortality and the peripheral arterial disease has a huge importance on it. And as known, one of the principal complications of diabetes is the peripheral neuropathy, which may be more aggressive due to peripheral arterial disease in diabetic patients. That is the background for this paper.
{"title":"Evaluation of Peripheral Arterial Disease as a Development Factor of Peripheral Neuropathy in Diabetic Patients","authors":"Pizzato Fb, Marques Jlb","doi":"10.4172/2161-1017.1000281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1017.1000281","url":null,"abstract":"Peripheral arterial disease incidence is getting higher in the last years. This is explained due to higher life expectancy of the population, smoking persistence and the high incidence of obese, hypertension e diabetes. In diabetic patients specifically, cardiovascular disease is one of the main cause of morbimortality and the peripheral arterial disease has a huge importance on it. And as known, one of the principal complications of diabetes is the peripheral neuropathy, which may be more aggressive due to peripheral arterial disease in diabetic patients. That is the background for this paper.","PeriodicalId":11670,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"39 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89543640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-30DOI: 10.4172/2161-1017.1000273
A. Mansour, H. A. Swaid
Background: The secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) develops early in the course of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and becomes more prominent as kidney function declines. This study aimed at evaluation of the predictors of SHPT in stage 3 and 4 chronic CKD from two Hospitals in Basrah. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study in two hospitals in Basrah, from February to September 2016, involving treatment free predialysis 18-69 years patients of stage 3 and 4 CKD, with eGFR of (15- 59 ml/min/1.73 m2), and not known to have primary hyperparathyroidism. This study involved 84 patients with CKD equal gender distribution. There were 40 patients in stage 3 and 44 patients in stage 4 CKD. Then we measure hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), 25-hydroxyvitamin D, creatinine, calcium, phosphate, and parathyroid hormone (PTH). Results: The most powerful predictors for SHPT in our study were the CKD stage and the hypocalcemia. This study showed that serum calcium level is significantly lower in patients with SHPT. There is an inverse relationship between the CKD stage and the development of SHPT. Although estimation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D is critical in predialysis CKD patients, there was no significant association to SHPT. The nondiabetics had higher mean PTH level (pg/ml) compared with diabetic patients (165.36 ± 129.35 vs. 145.64 ± 127.53) but had no statistical significance. There was no significant association between both the gender and anemia to SHPT. Conclusion: The hypocalcemia and the CKD stage were the most powerful predictors for the SHPT in the predialysis CKD patients.The gender, phosphate level, 25-hydroxyvitamin D level, the degree of anemia, and being diabetics did not show significant relation to future prediction of SHPT.
{"title":"Predictors of Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in Chronic Kidney Disease Stage 3 and 4","authors":"A. Mansour, H. A. Swaid","doi":"10.4172/2161-1017.1000273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1017.1000273","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) develops early in the course of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and becomes more prominent as kidney function declines. This study aimed at evaluation of the predictors of SHPT in stage 3 and 4 chronic CKD from two Hospitals in Basrah. \u0000Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study in two hospitals in Basrah, from February to September 2016, involving treatment free predialysis 18-69 years patients of stage 3 and 4 CKD, with eGFR of (15- 59 ml/min/1.73 m2), and not known to have primary hyperparathyroidism. This study involved 84 patients with CKD equal gender distribution. There were 40 patients in stage 3 and 44 patients in stage 4 CKD. Then we measure hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), 25-hydroxyvitamin D, creatinine, calcium, phosphate, and parathyroid hormone (PTH). \u0000Results: The most powerful predictors for SHPT in our study were the CKD stage and the hypocalcemia. This study showed that serum calcium level is significantly lower in patients with SHPT. There is an inverse relationship between the CKD stage and the development of SHPT. Although estimation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D is critical in predialysis CKD patients, there was no significant association to SHPT. The nondiabetics had higher mean PTH level (pg/ml) compared with diabetic patients (165.36 ± 129.35 vs. 145.64 ± 127.53) but had no statistical significance. There was no significant association between both the gender and anemia to SHPT. \u0000Conclusion: The hypocalcemia and the CKD stage were the most powerful predictors for the SHPT in the predialysis CKD patients.The gender, phosphate level, 25-hydroxyvitamin D level, the degree of anemia, and being diabetics did not show significant relation to future prediction of SHPT.","PeriodicalId":11670,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"94 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79170425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-20DOI: 10.4172/2161-1017.1000271
Ahmed Rg
Thyroid hormones (THs) are necessary for normal development particularly cytoskeletal system. Cytoskeletal system which consists of microtubules (Tubulin), microfilaments (Actin), and intermediate filaments, specific for neurons (Neurofilaments), glia (Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein), or maturing cells (Vimentin, Nestin) can play important roles in neural cell shape and neuronal migration and outgrowth [1-40]. THs regulate and reorganize this system by nongenomic actions. Moreover, THs regulate the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) and adhesion molecules that are important for neuronal migration and development, such as tenascin-C, neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM), reelin and dab1, laminin and fibronectin. Maternal THs controls the expression of neuronal migration and growth, branching of neurites, astrocytic cytoskeletal proteins, cell cycle regulators, neurotrophins and neurotrophin receptors and extracellular matrix proteins in the fetal brain [41-45].
{"title":"Perinatal Hypothyroidism and Cytoskeleton Dysfunction","authors":"Ahmed Rg","doi":"10.4172/2161-1017.1000271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1017.1000271","url":null,"abstract":"Thyroid hormones (THs) are necessary for normal development particularly cytoskeletal system. Cytoskeletal system which consists of microtubules (Tubulin), microfilaments (Actin), and intermediate filaments, specific for neurons (Neurofilaments), glia (Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein), or maturing cells (Vimentin, Nestin) can play important roles in neural cell shape and neuronal migration and outgrowth [1-40]. THs regulate and reorganize this system by nongenomic actions. Moreover, THs regulate the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) and adhesion molecules that are important for neuronal migration and development, such as tenascin-C, neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM), reelin and dab1, laminin and fibronectin. Maternal THs controls the expression of neuronal migration and growth, branching of neurites, astrocytic cytoskeletal proteins, cell cycle regulators, neurotrophins and neurotrophin receptors and extracellular matrix proteins in the fetal brain [41-45].","PeriodicalId":11670,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"C-19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85057020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-18DOI: 10.4172/2161-1017.1000272
Tilahun An, C. Waktola, Tewodros Gm, Sadik Gt, Amare Dw, M. Yohannis, T. Solomon, M. Eshetu, G. Shewatatek
Background: Diabetic complications and comorbidities, mainly due to poorly controlled diabetes, are the common causes of hospital admissions and mortalities among diabetic populations. Although studies from Ethiopia show high incidence of complications, data on associated risk factors is scarce. The current study was aimed to assess the potential risk factors contributing to microvascular diabetic complications in the study area. Methods: Hospital-based, cross-sectional study was conducted during October and December of 2015 among systematically selected diabetic patients, at outpatient clinic of Jimma University Specialized Hospital (JUSH), Southwest Ethiopia. At recruitment, 5 ml of venous blood was collected without any prior special preparation such as fasting, and used for HbA1C level determination. Data on sociodemographic and diabetic complications was documented for each patient on the format prepared for this study. Binary logistic-regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors associated with the microvascular complications. A p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: The sample analyzed consisted of 236 diabetic patients: 53.4% male, 58.5% Type 2 diabetics, 40% overweighed, and 75.0% younger than 60 years and with diabetes for less than 7 years. The mean ± SD of HbA1C was 9.1 ± 2.8%. Nearly two-third (65%) of the patients had HbA1C greater than 8.0%, indicating poor glycemic control. Self-reported genetic risk factors were evident in almost 20% of the study population. At least one major microvascular complication was recorded in 41.5% of the sampled population. The overall prevalence of the major microvascular complications was associated with high HbA1C level (> 8.0%), female sex and genetic risk factors, as evidenced by adjusted odds of 2.7, 2.2 and 3.2, respectively. Conclusions and recommendation: The overall prevalence of microvascular complications was high. To reduce the risk of the costly complications, new diabetes care policies objectively targeting a stringent glycemic goal of HbA1C <8.0% should be implemented.
{"title":"Major Micro vascular Complications and Associated Risk Factors among Diabetic Outpatients in Southwest Ethiopia","authors":"Tilahun An, C. Waktola, Tewodros Gm, Sadik Gt, Amare Dw, M. Yohannis, T. Solomon, M. Eshetu, G. Shewatatek","doi":"10.4172/2161-1017.1000272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1017.1000272","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diabetic complications and comorbidities, mainly due to poorly controlled diabetes, are the common causes of hospital admissions and mortalities among diabetic populations. Although studies from Ethiopia show high incidence of complications, data on associated risk factors is scarce. The current study was aimed to assess the potential risk factors contributing to microvascular diabetic complications in the study area. \u0000Methods: Hospital-based, cross-sectional study was conducted during October and December of 2015 among systematically selected diabetic patients, at outpatient clinic of Jimma University Specialized Hospital (JUSH), Southwest Ethiopia. At recruitment, 5 ml of venous blood was collected without any prior special preparation such as fasting, and used for HbA1C level determination. Data on sociodemographic and diabetic complications was documented for each patient on the format prepared for this study. Binary logistic-regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors associated with the microvascular complications. A p-value <0.05 was considered significant. \u0000Results: The sample analyzed consisted of 236 diabetic patients: 53.4% male, 58.5% Type 2 diabetics, 40% overweighed, and 75.0% younger than 60 years and with diabetes for less than 7 years. The mean ± SD of HbA1C was 9.1 ± 2.8%. Nearly two-third (65%) of the patients had HbA1C greater than 8.0%, indicating poor glycemic control. Self-reported genetic risk factors were evident in almost 20% of the study population. At least one major microvascular complication was recorded in 41.5% of the sampled population. The overall prevalence of the major microvascular complications was associated with high HbA1C level (> 8.0%), female sex and genetic risk factors, as evidenced by adjusted odds of 2.7, 2.2 and 3.2, respectively. \u0000Conclusions and recommendation: The overall prevalence of microvascular complications was high. To reduce the risk of the costly complications, new diabetes care policies objectively targeting a stringent glycemic goal of HbA1C <8.0% should be implemented.","PeriodicalId":11670,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"140 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80557882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-07DOI: 10.4172/2161-1017.1000270
B. Al-Sharafi, B. Al-Tahami
Background: The War in Yemen, which started in March 2015, has had many effects on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). We conducted this study to analyze the effect of war on type 2 diabetics at our clinic. Patients and methods: We studied 430 patients attending an endocrinology clinic in Sana’a, Yemen from September 2015 to January 2016. Of the total, 229 were female and 201 were male. Additionally, 111 patients had been coming to our clinic before the war, and 319 were new patients. The glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), blood sugar, body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure of the patients were measured. The patients who came during the war answered a questionnaire regarding their diabetes and the war. The data were presented as the mean with the standard deviation (SD) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of the mean. Frequencies and percentages were used to describe qualitative data. The mean, SD, and 95% CI were used to describe quantitative data. Results: The mean HbA1c before the war was 7.7 (61 mmol/mol) (SD 1.9), whereas the mean HbA1c during the war was 9.4 (80 mmol/mol) (SD 2.4) (p value: <0.001). The mean BMI before the war was 28.1 (SD 4.7) and during the war was 27.6 (SD 4.8) (p-value: 0.015). The results showed that 22% of the patients were displaced, 16.4% had relatives at their home, 8.9% had damage to their homes and 10% had lost a relative. In total, 8.4% of the patients had discontinued some or all of their diabetes medications during the war. Conclusion: Patients with type 2 DM in Yemen attending our clinic during the war had a higher HbA1c and a lower BMI compared to before the war. Many patients were displaced, had their homes damaged or lost a relative during the war.
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